CANDIDATES DECLARATION

I hereby certify that the work is being presents in the thesis entitled Performance Evaluation of
control Technique for STATCOM, in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of degree
of Master of Engineering (Electrical Engineering) submitted in the department of Electrical
Engineering at PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh is an authentic record of my work
carried out under the supervision of Dr Rintu Khanna, Associate Professor and Dr. Jagdish
kumar, Associate Professor Department of Electrical Engineering , PEC University of
Technology, Chandigarh, India.
The matter presented in the dissertation has not been submitted by me in any other
university / Institute for the award of any other degree.

Date: ____________

(Ravinder Kumar)

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of our
knowledge.

(Dr. Rintu Khanna)

(Dr. Jagdish Kumar)

Supervisor

Co-Supervisor

Associate Professor

Associate Professor

Department of Electrical Engineering

Department of Electrical Engineering

PEC University of Technology

PEC University of Technology

Chandigarh-160012, India

Chandigarh-160012, India

Date: ____________

Date: ____________

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere regards, appreciation and thanks to my ME Thesis Supervisors,
Dr. Rintu Khanna, Associate Professor and Dr. Jagdish Kumar, Associate Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, for providing
constant guidance throughout my work. They always provided me the generous guidance and
constant encouragement whenever difficulty arises by giving valuable time, advice and
cooperation. It has been a great pleasure and honour to work with them.
I am also thankful to faculty my teachers, and other staff members of department, who has been
very helpful during my course work. I am also thankful to my family and fellow students of master
of engineering, for their wholehearted support, encouragement and cooperation, which helped me,
lot during my dissertation work to overcome uncertainties and difficulties.
Last, but not the least, I bow in gratitude to the almighty whose grace enabled me to complete this
project.

RAVINDER KUMAR
Student ID: 13206014
ME Electrical
PEC University of Technology
Chandigarh

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ABSTRACT
Modern electric power system is a complex network of synchronous generators, transmission lines
and loads. The characteristics of the system vary with changes in load and generation schedules.
Electric utilities first grew as isolated systems, and then gradually neighboring utilities began to
join forming highly interconnected systems. This enabled the utilities to draw on each others
generation reserves during the time of need. The overall reliability has improved through
interconnection but disturbances in such systems propagate through, leading to system instability
and possible black-outs.A good power system should possess the ability to regain its normal
operating condition after a disturbance. Since ability to supply uninterrupted electricity determines
the quality of electric power supplied to the load, stability is regarded as one of the important topics
of power system research.
Power system stability can be improved using FACTS controllers by enhancing its steady-state
and transient stability or by damping the sub-synchronous resonance oscillations. An important
FACTS device like Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), which can control all three
principle parameters (voltage, impedance and phase angle) and used for dynamic compensation of
power system to provide voltage support and stability improvement. When suddenly load changes
the voltage also changes according to load. If inductive load increase it requires large amount of
reactive power compensation to maintain the load voltage. The reactive power in the system can
be compensated using STATCOM. One of the important merits of the STATCOM is that its
operation does not depend on power system voltage. For proper reactive power exchange with
power system, the STATCOM output voltage needs to be controlled efficiently, and accordingly,
two control schemes i.e. direct and indirect control strategies are used. Each of these control
strategies has their merits and demerits in sense of response time, harmonic distortion in output
voltage etc. In this thesis work indirect control strategy for proper controlling of reactive power to
maintain constant voltage is proposed.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE

Page No.

CANDIDATE DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ii

ABSTRACT

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

iv

LIST OF FIGURES

vi

LIST OF TABLES

vii

ABBREVIATION

vii

1. INTRODUCTION
1
1.0 Research Background
.2
1.1 STATCOM using Cascaded Multilevel inverter ...3
1.2 Dissertation Outlines..4
2. MultiLevel Inverter Structures.5
2.0 Multilevel inverter Structures...5
2.1 Diode Cascaded Multilevel inverter .6
2.1.1 Operation...7
2.1.2 Features.8
2.1.3 Advantage and disadvantage.9
2.2 Flying capacitor .10
2.2.1 Operation.10
2.2.2 Features
.11
2.2.3 Advantage and disadvantage ..11
2.3 Cascaded multilevel inverter...12
2.3.1 Operation..13
2.3.2 Features .14
2.3.3 Advantage and Disadvantge...14
2.4 Conclusion14
3. STATCOM17
3.0 Introduction..17
3.1 Basic operating princples of STATCOM.18
4. Modelling and Simulation of CMLI..23
4.0 Introduction..,.23
4.1 Cascaded Multilevel inverter..23
4.1.1 Special features of CMLI.24
4.2 Principle of operation of CMLI24
4.3 Different levels od single phase CMLI topology25
4.3.1 Single phase 3 level CMLI Topology.25
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4.3.2 Single phase 5 level CMLI Topology.26

4.3.3 Single phase 7 level CMLI Topology26
4.4 Three phase 5 level CMLI Topology28
4.5 Three phase 7 level CMLI Topology.28
4.6 MATLAB/SIMULINK Modelling and simulation of CMLI.29
4.7 Fourier Series Analysis for Three Phase waveform of 9 level CMLI32
5. Analysis of control techqniques for STATCOM..35
5.0 Introduction..35
5.1 Control strategies for CMLI based STATCOM36
5.1.1 Direct control scheme....36
5.1.2 Indirect control scheme.37
5.2 MATLAB model or Indirect control scheme..;..38
6. MATLAB/SIMULINK Modelling of STATCOM...46
6.1 SIMULINK Model of transmission lime...46
6.2 SIMULINK model of transmission line with STATCOM.47
6.3 Various Waveforms49
6.4 Future Scope...51

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS52

LIST OF FIGURES
v

Figure No.

Caption

Page

Figure 2.1

one phase leg of an inverter with a) two level b) three levels c) n level.

Figure 2.2

topology of the diode-clamed inverter a) three levels b) five levels . 9

Figure 2.3

output voltage in three level diode-clamped inverter a) leg voltage

..10

b) output phase voltage

Figure 2.4

Capacitor-Clamped multilevel inverter circuit topology

a) 3- level inverter b) 5 level inverter 14

Figure 2.5

Single phase structures of cascaded inverter a)3-level inverter

...

b) 5- level inverter c) 7- level inverter

Figure 2.6

Three Phase 7-level cascaded multilevel inverter(Y-confuguration)

Figure 3.1

Connection of STATCOM to AC Bus-bar

17

. 18

.. 20

Figure 3.2

Reactive power generation by synchronous compensaton22

Figure 3.3

Reactive power generation by controlled voltage-switching converter23

Figure 3.4

Basic converter Scheme used for reactive power generation.24

Figure 4.1

Three phase Y- configured CMLI29

Figure 4.2

Structure of single phase three level CMLI

Figure 4.3

Structure of single phase five level CMLI...

Figure 4.4

Structure of single phase seven level CMLI

.. 32

Figure 4.5

Structure of three phase five level CMLI

. 33

Figure 4.6

MATLAB model for single phase 5 level CMLI

.. 29

Figure 4.7

Waveforms for single phase 5 level CMLI

.. 29

Figure 4.8

MATLAB model for single phase 7 level CMLI

.. 35

Figure 4.9

Waveforms for single phase 7 level CMLI

.. 36

Figure 4.10

. 31
32

.36

MATLAB model for single phase 9 level CMLI

..37

Figure 4.11

MATLAB Model for angle control scheme for 9 level CMLI

Figure 4.12

Waveforms for single phase 9 level CMLI

37

Figure 4.13

Fourier series Analysis in MATLAB/SIMULINK (Bar form)

39

Figure 4.14

Fourier series Analysis in MATLAB/SIMULINK (list form)

40

Figure 5.1

direct control scheme43

Figure 5.2

indirect control scheme.44

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Figure 5.3

MALAB model for Indirect control scheme 45

Figure 6.1

Simulink Model for Transmission Line.46

Figure6.2

Simulink Model for Transmission Line with STATCOM.48

Figure6.3

Model for indirect control technique.49

Figure6.4

Output Voltage Waveform without STATCOM..49

Figure6.5

Output Voltage Waveform with STATCOM...50

Figure 6.6

Output voltage of CMLI inverter...50

Figure 6.7

Load Voltage in Per Unit51

LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
2.1

Title

Page

Switching table in one leg of the Five-level diode clamlped

Inverter...10

6.1

3 Phase voltage source Parameters.39

6.2

Transmission Line parameters.39

6.3

Load parameters..40

6.4

Block parameters related to STATCOM .40

Abbreviations
CMLI

Cascaded Multi Level Inverter

PWM

Pulse Width Modulation

THD

Total Harmonic Distortion

NPC

Neutral-Point Clamped

FACTS
SHE

Flexible AC Transmission System

Selective Harmonic Elimination

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