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Definies
Bandeiras de Convenincia
Tripulao de Convenincia
Bandeiras de Convenincia
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Panama's official currency, the Balboa, is available only in coins, not in paper bills. The
value, shape and size of the Balboa coins are equal to that of the US dollar. Most products
and services are priced in Balboas, however, one can read the price as though it were
written in US$. Credit cards are commonly used throughout Panama, including car rental
companies, hotels, bars, stores, casinos, etc. Below we have listed the main offices for the
four mostly frequently used credit cards in the event that you need their assistance.
Invasion of Panama
Dcada de 50/60
Plano Marshall
Dcada de 50/60(cont.)
Single-ship company
The aim of the time-charter system was to reduce transport costs and this led to
a different form of legal and business organization.
The most important innovation was the single-ship company. Using the flags of
convenience developed for this purpose these one-ship companies became the
building-blocks for complex shipowning empires.
Each ship was registered as a separate company, with ownership vested in the
group and management handled through an agency.
This suited bankers because for financing purposes the ship could be treated as
a separate company, secured by a mortgage on its hull and a time charter.
(cada
Organization Structure
Few published financial
accounts
Little regulation
No taxation
The beneficial owner. The ultimate controlling owner who benefits from
any profits the ship makes. He may be located in his home country or
an international centre .
One-ship company. A company, usually incorporated in an open
registry country, set up for the sole purpose of owning a single ship. It
has no other traceable assets. This protects the other assets of the
beneficial owner from claims involving the one-ship company.
Holding company. A holding company is incorporated in a favourable
tax jurisdiction for the purpose of owning and operating the ships. The
only assets of this company are the shares in each one-ship company.
The shares in this company are held by the beneficial owner, which
could be a company or an individual.
Management company. Day-to-day management of the ships is carried
out by another company established for this purpose. Usually this
company is located in a convenient shipping centre such as London or
Hong Kong.
Dcada de 70
A disponibilidade de crdito para a construo naval era to grande que em somente um ano houve a
contratao para a construo de novas embarcaes(tankers + bulk carriers), representando 55 % da
tonelagem j existente.
Financing standards became so casual that loan syndications could be arranged by telephone with little
documentation and few questions asked.
Aps duas dcadas de crescimento da economia mundial, as demandas de petrleo e minrio de ferro
deixaram de crescer de forma vigorosa. A produo industrial e o comrcio martimo foram globalmente
reduzidos.
Os choques no preo do petrleo ocorridos na dcada de 70, produziram forte reduo no volume de
carga transportada no mundo, alterando significativamente a expectativa de remunerao dos contratos de
longo prazo.
Armadores sofreram com reduo do valor do frete na dcada de 80 e tiveram dificuldades de honrar os
financiamentos assumidos nos perodos anteriores.
Dcada de 70 Peak 10
16
Bandeira de Convenincia
Estruturao Financeira
Rmrk: Liberia's Bureau of Maritime Affairs earned more than $ 17 million per year
in revenues from its FOC registry.
Ex:
Petrobras Netherlands B.V. tem como objetivo dar apoio logstico para as atividades de
perfurao e produo martimas da Petrobras por meio do arrendamento de embarcaes
e plataformas
A Petrobras Netherlands B.V. (PNBV) inaugurou nesta segunda-feira (1/2) seu escritrio na
cidade de Roterd, na Holanda. O evento contou com a presena do ministro das Relaes
Exteriores da Holanda, Frank Heemskerk; do presidente da Petrobras, Jos Sergio Gabrielli
de Azevedo; do diretor Financeiro e de Relaes com Investidores.
A PNBV uma companhia limitada, registrada sob as leis da Holanda, que tem como
objetivo prover Petrobras apoio logstico para as atividades de perfurao e produo
martimas, por meio do arrendamento de embarcaes e plataformas. Entre suas
atribuies est adquirir, vender, alugar ou fretar materiais e equipamentos para a
explorao e produo de petrleo e gs, inclusive plataformas de produo e perfurao,
navios petroleiros, embarcaes de suprimento e outros tipos de embarcaes.
Comunicao Institucional
Rio, 1/2/2010
24
Tax planning
The goal of tax planning is to arrange your financial affairs.
26
Bandeiras de Convenincia
Vantagens
Empresa
Menor tributao e pouco rigor
estatal quanto ao fluxo de capital ;
Agilidade de emisso documental;
Liberdade de contratao da
tripulao vrias nacionalidades;
Reduo do custo operacional os
Desvantagens
Tripulao
Empresa
Ausncia de suporte diplomtico;
Ausncia de suporte militar;
Bloqueio de acesso aos
financiamentos estatais;
Exposio ao regime poltico do
pas da bandeira que arvora.
Tripulao
Implicaes Econmicas da
Regulao Estatal da Bandeira de Registro
Regulao Legal
Escolha da Bandeira
de Registro
Consequncias diretas
ThyssenKrupp
ALTERNATIVAS DE REGISTRO
REGISTRO NACIONAL
BANDEIRA DE
CONVENINCIA
ALTERNATIVAS
"open registries".
Rmrk: almost half of the worlds merchant ships are
registered under the so-called flags of convenience
SEGUNDO REGISTRO
REB, Registro Especial Brasileiro
Danish International Shipping Register (DIS)
Segundo Registro
Registros Nacionais