pCHAPTER IV

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1

General
In this chapter, the experimental results of the investigation have been reported and discussed.

Result and discussion comprised of testing the samples to determine

Workability.
Compressive Strength.
Void Ratio/ Porosity.
Co-efficient of permeability.
Fifteen concrete mix samples having different proportion of coarse aggregates with constant water and
cement quantity in each mix were study. The mixes were designated as M 1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8,
M9, M10, M11, M12, M13, M14 and M15.
4.2

Properties of Materials
The aim of studying various properties of material is to check the performance with codal

making concrete specimens were cement, coarse aggregates and water. The following materials
were used in the present study.
4.2.1

Aggregate

4.2.1.1 Fine Aggregates and Sand

No fine aggregates and sand have been used. None of their test has been performed.
4.2.1.2 Coarse Aggregates
The coarse aggregate used were a mixture of three locally available crushed stone of 10 mm, 20
mm and 40 mm maximum size in different proportions in each mix. The aggregates were washed to
remove dirt, dust and then dried to surface dry condition.
Properties of coarse aggregates are given in Table 4.1. The sieve analysis of coarse aggregate was
not done because aggregates of maximum size were taken rather than of nominal size. Different
proportions of three different sized coarse aggregates used to prepare mixes are shown in Table 4.2.

Table 4.1: Properties of Coarse Aggregates

Properties

Coarse Aggregates
10 mm

20 mm

40 mm

Colour

Grey

Grey

Grey

Shape

Angular

Angular

Angular

Specific Gravity

2.6702

2.7297

2.814

Water Absorption

0.65%

0.35%

0.35%

Bulk Density (kg/m3)

1517

3111

3160

Table 4.2 Different proportions of coarse aggregates.

Coarse aggregates

Mix Sample

4.2.2

10 mm

20 mm

40 mm

M1

100

M2

100

M3

70

30

M4

50

50

M5

25

75

M6

75

25

M7

50

50

M8

50

50

M9

25

25

50

M10

75

25

M11

75

25

M12

25

50

25

M13

50

25

25

M14

37.5

37.5

25

M15

60

30

10

Ordinary Portland cement

2

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of grade 43 (Shree Ultra) from a single lot was used in the
study. It was fresh and free from any lumps. Cement was carefully stored to prevent deterioration in its
properties due to contact with the moisture. The physical properties of the cement as determined from
various tests conforming to Indian Standard IS: 8112:1989 are listed in Table 4.3.
Table 4.3: Properties of OPC 43 grade cement
Sr.
No.

Characteristics

Value Obtained
experimentally

Values specified by IS8112:1989

3.1681

31%

1.

Specific Gravity

2.

Standard consistency

3.

Initial Setting time

167 minutes

30 minutes (minimum)

4.

Final Setting time

290 minutes

600 minutes (maximum)

5.

Fineness

6.

Compressive Strength

2.0%

3 days

MPa

23 MPa

7 days

33.07 MPa

33 MPa

28 days

45.76 MPa

43 MPa

The values conform to specifications given in code.

4.3.1

Preparation of trial Mixes

Three trail mixes with cement to coarse aggregates ratio i.e. 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 were prepared with

constant w/c ratio of 0.31 are listed in table 4.4. All the mixes have coarse aggregates in same proportion
i.e. 1:1:2 (10 mm: 20mm: 40 mm). Six cubes were casted for each mix and tested after 28 days of curing.
Compressive strength and porosity of each mix was found and was given in table 4.5
Table 4.4 Proportion of materials in different mixes
Mix Samples

Cement : Coarse aggregates

Water Cement Ratio

MT1

1:4

0.35

MT2

1:6

0.35

MT3

1:8

0.35

Table 4.5 Quantities per cubic meter for trial mixes

Mix No.

Water
Cement
Ratio

Cement(kg)

Coarse Aggregate (kg)

10
mm

20
mm

Average
strength at 28
days (MPa)

Porosity
at 28 days (%)

40
mm

MT1

0.31

8.85

8.85

8.85

17.7

8.01

13.93

MT2

0.31

6.32

9.476

9.476

18.95
2

5.6

26.7

MT3

0.31

4.914

9.83

9.83

19.66

5.47

28.4

Mix MT1 gives high strength with low porosity as compare to other mixes and mix MT2
and MT3 results are nearly same. Based on the recorded observation, mix M T3 was adopted for the study.
Mix MT3 was chosen as the reference mix because it gives strength which lies within the range and high
porosity than other mixes which makes it most economical mix. These result correspond to those
of ??????

4.3.2

Testing of concrete
In this experiment program, to determine the values of compressive strength, workability, void

ratio, porosity and coefficient of permeability 15 mixes with different proportion of aggregates (10, 20,
40 mm) with constant cement and water quantity was prepared. All mixes were prepared in MT3
composition by weight of cement. In present study 225 specimens were prepared by varying the
proportion of aggregates. The specimens were tested after 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of casting. The ratio of
different materials used in each mix is shown in Table 4.6 and by weight in Table 4.7.

Table 4.6: Concrete mix proportions

Mixes

Coarse Aggregates proportion (%)

Cement

Water
(%)

10 mm

20 mm

40 mm

M1

100

35

M2

100

35

M3

70

30

35

M4

50

50

35

M5

25

75

35

M6

75

25

35

M7

50

50

35

M8

50

50

35

M9

25

25

50

35

M10

75

25

35

M11

75

25

35

M12

25

50

25

35

M13

50

25

25

35

M14

37.5

37.5

25

35

M15

60

30

10

35

Table 4.7: Concrete mix proportion by weight

Total dry weight for one mix = 110.56 kg
Mixes

Coarse Aggregates proportion (kg)

Cement
(kg)

Water
(liters)

10 mm

20 mm

40 mm

M1

98.26

12.285

4.3

M2

98.26

12.285

4.3

M3

68.8

29.48

12.285

4.3

M4

49.13

49.13

12.285

4.3

M5

24.56

73.7

12.285

4.3

M6

73.7

24.56

12.285

4.3

M7

49.13

49.13

12.285

4.3

M8

49.13

49.13

12.285

4.3

M9

24.56

24.56

49.13

12.285

4.3

M10

49.13

24.56

12.285

4.3

M11

49.13

24.56

12.285

4.3

M12

24.56

49.13

24.56

12.285

4.3

M13

49.13

24.56

24.56

12.285

4.3

M14

36.85

36.85

24.56

12.285

4.3

M15

58.97

29.48

9.82

12.285

4.3

4.3.3 Workability of concrete

Workability of concrete was tested using compaction factor test apparatus
immediately after preparing fresh concrete. The value of workability for each mix
were given in table 4.12 incorporate to table given below.
Table 4.12 Value of workability of concrete

Mixes

Weight of
Cylinder
(kg)

Weight of
Cylinder
+
Partiallycompact
ed
Concrete
(kg)

Weight of
Partially Compact
ed
Cylinder
(Wp)
(kg)

Weight of
Fully
Compact
ed
Concrete,
(Wf)
(kg)

Compacti
ng Factor
(Wp/Wf)
(kg)

Workabili
ty

M1

8.230

15.870

7.640

8.630

0.885

Low

M2

8.230

16.160

7.930

9.160

0.866

Low

M3

8.230

16.100

7.870

8.730

0.902

Medium

M4

8.250

15.690

7.440

8.640

0.860

Low

M5

8.250

15.880

7.630

8.550

0.892

Medium

M6

8.240

16.080

7.840

8.930

0.878

Low

M7

8.240

15.900

7.660

8.290

0.930

Medium

M8

8.240

16.300

8.060

8.990

0.897

Medium

M9

8.240

16.070

7.830

8.650

0.865

Low

M10

8.240

16.050

7.810

9.020

0.866

Low

M11

8.230

15.900

7.670

9.020

0.850

Low

M12

8.230

16.170

7.940

8.840

0.898

Medium

M13

8.230

16.160

7.930

9.230

0.860

Low

M14

8.230

16.090

7.860

9.120

0.860

Low

M15

8.230

15.960

7.730

8.900

0.868

Low

Interpretation of Compaction Factor Results ( )

Degree of
Workability

Slump
(mm)

Very Low

0-25

Low

25-50

Compaction Factor
Small
Large
Apparatus
Apparatus
0.78
0.80

0.85

0.87

Applications
Vibrated concrete in roads or other
large sections.
Mass concrete foundation without
vibration. Simple reinforced

Medium

50-100

0.92

0.935

High

100-180

0.95

0.96

4.3.4

section with vibration

Normal reinforced work without
vibration and heavily reinforced
section with vibration.
Section with congested
reinforcement. Not normally
suitable for vibration.

Compressive strength of concrete

The compressive strength of all the mixes was determined at the ages of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days for

the various proportions of aggregates. The values of compressive strength at the end of different curing
periods (3 day, 7 days, 14 days & 28 days) are given in Table 4.8, Table 4.9, Table 4.10 and Table 4.11
respectively. These values are plotted in Figures 4.2 to 4.5, which show the variation of compressive
strength due to different proportion of aggregates.

Table 4.8 Values of Compressive Strength for 3-days water curing.

Mix
Sample
M1
M3

Compressive
Strength (MPa)
2.62
1.42
1.489
1.88
2.237
2.28

Avg. Compressive
Strength (MPa)

Standard
Deviation

1.843

0674

2.132

0.220

Percentage
Increase (%)

M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
M10
M11
M12
M13
M14
M15

1.079
1.20
2.078
2.098
1.25
1.118
1.51
1.247
2.098
0.93
1.27
1.38
3.25
3.127
1.816
2.34
1.83
1.34
2.31
2.246
1.21
3.65
2.72
2.177
1.99
1.64
2.806
2.167
1.257
2.548
1.63
1.83
1.326
3.043
2.528
2.538

1.452

0.545

1.489

0.532

1.618

0.436

1.193

0.235

2.731

0.795

1.837

0.500

1.922

0.617

2.849

0.745

2.145

0.598

1.991

0.663

1.595

0.254

2.703

0.294

10

Table 4.9 Values of Compressive Strength for 7-days water curing.

Mix
Sample
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
M10
M11
M12
M13
M14
M15

Compressive
Strength (MPa)
2.02
2.12
2.18
2.74
3.36
3.21
3.56
2.74
3.127
2.79
3.048
2.34
2.99
2.959
3.57
3.42
2.816
3.49
2.37
1.994
1.915
5.74
3.786
3.687
3.339
2.81
3.726
0.816
2.4
2.47
3.89
4.29
3.68
3.241
3.33
3.91
3.19
2.08
3.81
1.17
2.95
3.497
2.48
3.587
2.79

Avg. Compressive
Strength (MPa)

Standard
Deviation

2.107

0.081

3.103

0.323

3.142

0.410

2.726

0.358

3.173

0.344

3.242

0.371

2.093

0.243

4.404

1.158

3.292

0.460

1.895

0.935

3.953

0.310

3.494

0.363

3.027

0.876

2.719

0.916

2.952

0.571

11

Percentage
Increase (%)

Table 4.10 Values of Compressive Strength for 14-days water curing.

Mix
Sample
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
M10
M11
M12
M13
M14
M15

Compressive
Strength (MPa)
3.33
3.18
3.04
3.78
4.11
3.90
3.825
4.20
4.147
4.68
4.49
4.56
5.04
4.62
4.88
5.226
5.33
3.25
3.16
2.89
2.37
5.32
5.93
4.419
5.19
4.697
6.097
5.39
5.857
5.617
5.43
5.71
4.21
4.835
4.11
4.258
5.44
5.187
5.2
4.59
4.52
4.618
4.975
4.897
5.12

Avg. Compressive
Strength (MPa)

Standard
Deviation

3.183

0.145

3.930

0.167

4.057

0.203

4.577

0.096

4.847

0.212

4.602

1.172

2.807

0.402

5.223

0.760

5.328

0.710

5.621

0.234

5.117

0.798

4.401

0.383

5.276

0.142

4.576

0.050

4.997

0.113

12

Percentage
Increase (%)

Table 4.11 Values of Compressive Strength for 28-days water curing.

Mix
Sample

M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
M10
M11
M12
M13
M14
M15

Compressive
Strength (MPa)
5.689
4.5
4.387
6.97
5.75
4.82
7.18
6.63
6.85
5.31
5.73
5.387
6.235
6.169
5.169
5.65
5.22
5.88
4.38
3.75
5.07
6.69
7.97
7.22
7.88
6.32
6.66
6.44
5.79
5.94
6.1
5.54
5.41
6.05
6.13
5.72
7.16
5.32
6.33
6.54
5.67
6.12
6.95
6.31
6.48

Avg. Compressive
Strength (MPa)

Standard
Deviation

4.8589

0.721

5.847

1.078

6.887

0.277

5.476

0.224

5.858

0.597

5.583

0.335

4.400

0.660

7.293

0.643

6.953

0.820

6.0567

0.340

5.683

0.367

5.967

0.217

6.270

0.921

6.110

0.435

6.580

0.332

13

Percentage
Increase (%)

8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00

Compressive Strength (MPa)

4.00

3 days

3.00

7 days
14 days

2.00

28 days

1.00
0.00

Mixes

Figure 4.2 Compressive Strength of all mixes

8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
Compressive Strength (MPa)

4.00

3 days

3.00

7 days
14 days

2.00

28 days

1.00
0.00
Mixes

Figure 4.3 Compressive Strength of all mixes having 0% 40mm aggregates

14

8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
Compressive Strength (MPa) 3.00

M7

2.00

M8

1.00

M9

0.00

Mixes

Figure 4.4 Compressive Strength of all mixes having 50% 40mm aggregates

7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3 days

Compressive Strength (MPa) 3.00

7 days

2.00

14 days

1.00

28 days

0.00

Mixes

15

Figure 4.5 Compressive Strength of all mixes having 25% 40mm aggregates

4.5 Void Ratio/ Porosity of concrete

Void ratio/porosity of concrete was tested after 28 days of curing. All cubes
were dried for 24 hr under normal condition. Readings were taken using self made
apparatus in laboratory. Void ratio for each mix were given in table 4.13 and
porosity in table 4.14

Vol. of Solids (ml)

Vol. of Voids
Sampl
e1

Sampl
e2

Sampl
e3

Avg
.
Voi
d
Rati
o

Void Ratio

Mixe
s

Sam
ple 1

Sam
ple 2

Sam
ple 3

Sampl Sampl Sampl

e1
e2
e3

M1

2425

2465

2440

0.0009
5

0.0009
1

0.0009
4

0.0008
6

0.0008
7

0.324
0.321

0.392

0.383

0.38
1

0.339

0.347

0.33
7

0.334

0.308

0.32
1

0.318

0.29
8

0.369

M2

2550

2520

2505

0.0008
3

M3

2555

2530

2580

0.0008
2

0.0008
5

0.0008

2560

0.0007
3

0.0007
9

0.0008
2

0.0007
6

0.0008
2

0.329

0.288

0.321

0.31
3

0.0009
1

0.0008
8

0.353

0.366

0.350

0.35
6

0.430

0.418

0.452

0.43
3

0.252

0.259

0.182

0.23

M4

2650

2590

M5

2540

2620

2555

0.0008
4

M6

2495

2470

2500

0.0008
8

0.001

0.0010
5

0.0007

0.0005

M7

2360

2380

2325

0.0010
2

M8

2695

2680

2855

0.0006

16

0.274

0.303

1
0.311

0.308

0.276

0.29
8

M9

2575

2580

2645

0.0008

0.0008

0.0007
3

M10

2670

2560

2610

0.0007
1

0.0008
2

0.0007
7

0.264

0.318

0.293

0.29
2

M11

2465

2480

2450

0.0009
1

0.0009

0.0009
3

0.369

0.361

0.378

0.36
9

0.0007
5

0.0008
8

0.345

0.283

0.350

0.32
6

0.195

0.288

0.281

0.25
5

0.337

0.30
9

0.308

0.28
8

M12

2510

2630

2500

0.0008
7

M13

2825

2620

2635

0.0005
5

0.0007
6

0.0007
4

2525

0.0007
7

0.0007
8

0.0008
5

2580

0.0007
5

0.0007
2

M14
M15

2610
2630

2600
2655

Mixes

0.0008

0.293
0.283

0.298
0.271

Avg. Void ratio

Porosity

M1

0.381

0.276

M2

0.337

0.252

M3

0.321

0.243

M4

0.298

0.230

M5

0.313

0.238

M6

0.356

0.263

M7

0.433

0.302

M8

0.231

0.188

M9

0.298

0.230

M10

0.292

0.226

M11

0.369

0.270

M12

0.326

0.246

17

M13

0.255

0.203

M14

0.309

0.236

M15

0.288

0.224

18

4.6 Permeability of concrete

Coefficient of permeability test was carried out on self prepared apparatus of constant
head method and performed at tubwell because high flow rate of water is required to perform the
experiment. Results had been shown in Table 4.1 and Figs 4.1 after 28-days of water curing.

Table 4.2 Values of coefficient of permeability for 28-days water curing

Mixes

Mix 1.a
Mix 1.b

Mix 1.c

Mix 2.a

Mix 2.b
Mix 2.c

Mix 3.a

Mix 3.b

Mix 3.c

Height
(m)

Liters
(L)

Time
(sec)

K
(m/sec)

K(m/s)
*10-4

0.792
0.792
0.792
0.754
0.754
0.754
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.803
0.803
0.803
0.786
0.786
0.786
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.786
0.786
0.786
0.801

8.85
7.95
8.375
9.8
9.5
7.725
9.55
8.5
8.725
9.55
8.5
8.725
8.55
8.7
7.675
9.25
7.95
8.7
8.875
9.95
8.75
8.8

5.33
4.9
5.02
6.04
5.74
4.7
5.58
5.24
5.31
9.56
8.01
8.56
8.72
7.81
7.76
8.78
7.29
8.54
8.77
10.33
8.5
10

0.013977
0.013657
0.014043
0.014346
0.014634
0.014532
0.014443
0.013689
0.013866
0.008294
0.009173
0.008802
0.008316
0.009448
0.008389
0.008891
0.009203
0.008597
0.008583
0.00817
0.008731
0.007324

13.977
13.657
14.03
14.346
14.634
14.532
14.443
13.689
13.866
82.94
91.73
88.02
83.16
94.48
83.89
88.91
92.03
85.97
85.83
81.70
87.31
73.24

0.801
0.801
0.79
0.79
0.79

8.5
7.75
10.15
9.2
8.7

9.29
8.85
11.4
9.7
9.3

0.007391
0.007288
0.007514
0.008004
0.007894

73.91
72.88
75.14
80.04
78.94

19

Avg.

Avg of
3
sample
s

138.9
145.0

141.3

140.0

87.6

87.2

87.9

89.0

84.9
73.3
78.8
78.0

Mixes

Height
(m)

Liters
(L)

Time
(sec)

K
(m/sec
)

K(m/se
c)
*10-4

Mix 4.a

0.8
0.8

8.325
9.9

8.57
10.12

0.007894
0.008095

78.94
80.95

0.8

9.6

9.47

0.008152

81.52

0.796

8.85

7.87

0.009418

94.18

0.796
0.796

9.8
7.625

8.53
6.92

0.009622
0.009228

96.22
92.28

0.802
0.802

8.8
7.95

8.97
8.24

0.008155
0.00802

81.55
80.20

0.802

9.225

9.11

0.008417

84.17

0.799

9.525

8.03

0.009897

98.97

0.799
0.799
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.8
0.8

9.575
9
8.65
9.15
9.475
7.95
8.56

8.04
7.31
7.13
8.05
8.27
6.7
7.2

0.009937
0.010273
0.010238
0.009592
0.009668
0.009888
0.009907

99.37
102.73
102.38
95.92
96.68
98.88
99.07

0.8

8.1

6.9

0.009783

97.83

0.794

9.575

8.46

0.009503

95.03

0.794
0.794
0.808
0.808

9.825
8.3
10.22
9.875

8.97
7.62
9.26
9.05

0.009197
0.009146
0.009106
0.009003

91.97
91.46
91.06
90.03

0.808

8.3

8.74

0.008921

89.21

Mix 4.b

Mix 4.c

Mix 5.a

Mix 5.b

Mix 5.c

Mix 6.a

Mix 6.b

20

Avg.

Avg of
3
sample
s

82.3

94.2

86.2

82.0

100.4

98.3

99.1

98.6

92.8
91.5
90.1

Mixes

Mix 7.a

Mix 7.b

Mix 7.c

Mix 8.a

Mix 8.b

Mix 8.c

Mix 9.a

Mix 9.b

Mix 9.c

Height
(m)

Liters
(L)

Time
(sec)

K
(m/sec)

K(m/sec)
*10-4

0.808
0.808

10.65
10.15

4.31
3.8

0.020388
0.022038

203.88
220.38

0.808

9.95

3.94

0.020836

208.36

0.802
0.802

10.2
9.575

3.94
3.4

0.02152
0.02341

215.20
234.10

0.802

8.85

3.12

0.023579

235.79

0.805
0.805

10.75
9.25

4.47
3.9

0.019917
0.019642

199.17
196.42

0.805
0.798

10.375
8.55

4.11
10.94

0.020905
0.006529

209.05
65.29

0.798
0.798

9.6
8.9

11.34
11.18

0.007072
0.00665

70.72
66.50

0.802
0.802

8.3
8.8

12
13.06

0.00575
0.005601

57.50
56.01

0.802

9.45

13.47

0.005832

58.32

0.795

8.15

12.41

0.005507

55.07

0.795

8.7

12.69

0.005749

57.49

0.795
0.8

8.9
955.

13.14
10.55

0.00568
0.007543

56.80
75.43

0.8

9.05

10.02

0.007527

75.27

0.8

11

12.1

0.007576

75.76

0.795

8.45

8.56

0.008278

82.78

0.795

9.6

9.8

0.008215

82.15

0.795

9.275

9.1

0.008547

85.47

0.802
0.802

10
10.55

10.61
11.03

0.00783
0.00795

78.35
79.51

0.802

11.1

11.68

0.0079

79.00

21

Avg.

210.9

Avg. of 3
Samples
213.6

228.4

201.5

67.5

60.4

57.3

56.5

75.5

83.5

79.0

79.3

Mixes

Mix 10.a

Mix 10.b

Mix 11.a

Mix 11.b

Mix 11.c

Mix 12.a

Mix 12.b

Mix 12.c

Height
(m)

Liters
(L)

Time
(sec)

K
(m/sec)

K(m/sec)
*10-4

0.801
0.801

9.2
9.575

11.71
12.03

0.00654
0.00662

65.40
66.20

0.801

8.3

10.34

0.00668

66.80

0.796
0.796

8.775
9.05

11.48
11.81

0.0064
0.00642

64.00
64.20

0796

9.6

12.83

0.00627

62.70

0.809
0.809

9.2
9.65

6.05
5.9

0.01253
0.01348

125.30
134.80

0.809
0.807

8.5
10.4

5.43
6.79

0.0129
0.01265

129.00
16.53

0.807
0.807

8.6
9.6

5.78
6.35

0.01229
0.01249

122.92
124.89

0.808
0.808

9
8.3

6.68
6.08

0.01112
0.01126

111.20
112.60

0.808

9.675

7.1

0.01124

112.40

0.802

8.3

7.63

0.00904

90.40

0.802

9.475

9.08

0.00867

86.70

0.802
0.793

8.7
8.8

8.35
7.72

0.00866
0.00958

86.60
95.80

0.793

9.85

8.67

0.00955

95.50

0.793

7.825

7.12

0.00924

92.40

0.8

10.05

9.06

0.00924

92.40

0.8

9.425

8.67

0.00906

90.60

0.8

9.35

8.54

0.00912

91.20

22

Avg.

66.1

Avg. of 3
Samples
65.46

64.8

129.7

122.2

124.8

112.1

87.9

94.6

91.4

91.3

Mixes

Mix 13.a

Mix 13.b

Mix 13.c

Mix 14.a

Mix 14.b

Mix 14.c

Mix 15.a

Mix 15.b

Mix 15.c

Height
(m)

Liters
(L)

Time
(sec)

K
(m/sec)

K(m/sec)
*10-4

0.803
0.803

.8258
9.3

9.72
10.23

0.00755
0.00755

75.46
75.47

0.803

8.3

9.18

0.00751

75.06

0.802
0.802

9.1
9.4

8.83
9.09

0.00857
0.0086

85.67
85.96

0.802

8.325

8.58

0.00807

80.66

0.808
0.808

7.65
8.125

8.67
9.25

0.00728
0.00725

72.80
72.47

0.808
0.809

8.25
9.6

9.42
9.18

0.00723
0.00862

72.26
86.18

0.809
0.809

9.9
8.425

9.37
8.26

0.00871
0.00841

87.07
84.05

0.799
0.799

9.3
8.05

7.81
7

0.00994
0.0096

99.36
95.95

0.799

9.5

7.84

0.01011

101.10

0.8

8.15

7.52

0.00903

90.31

0.8

8.75

8.02

0.00909

90.92

0.8
0.807

8.95
8.25

8.13
13

0.00917
0.00524

91.74
52.43

0.807

8.775

14

0.00518

51.78

0.807

10.1

15.52

0.00538

53.76

0.806

9.55

11.38

0.00694

69.41

0.806

8.65

10.24

0.00699

69.87

0.806

8.725

10.34

0.00698

69.79

0.806
0.806

9.25
8.75

11.71
10.93

0.00653
0.00662

65.34
66.22

0.806

10.375

13.07

0.00657

65.66

23

Avg.

75.3

Avg. of 3
Samples
77.3

84.1

72.5

85.8

91.9

98.8

91.0

52.7

69.7

65.7

62.7

4.7

Relation between different properties of pervious concrete

0.35
0.30
0.25

f(x) = - 0.03x + 0.42

R = 0.66

0.20

Porosity

0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
4.00

4.50

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

Compressive Strength (MPa)

8.00
7.00
6.00

f(x) = 0.01x - 16.84

R = 0.83

5.00

Compressiv Strength (MPa) 4.00

3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
1700.00 1800.00 1900.00 2000.00

Density (Kg/m3)

24

2000.00

f(x) = - 1793.36x + 2323.45

R = 0.79

1950.00
1900.00
1850.00

Density (Kg/m3) 1800.00

1750.00
1700.00
1650.00
1600.00
0.150

0.200

0.250

0.300

0.350

Porosity

250.00
200.00

f(x) = 7.81 exp( 10.18 x )

R = 0.79

150.00

Permeability (m/sec)
100.00
50.00
0.00
0.150

0.200

0.250

Porosity

25

0.300

0.350