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Ethernet Over SDH (EoS or EoSDH) or Ethernet over SONET refers to a set of
protocols which allow Ethernet traffic to be carried over synchronous digital
hierarchy networks in an efficient and flexible way. The same functions are available
using SONET (a predominantly North American standard).
Ethernet frames which are to be sent on the SDH link are sent through an
"encapsulation" block (typically Generic Framing Procedure or GFP) to create a
synchronous stream of data from the asynchronous Ethernet packets. The
synchronous stream of encapsulated data is then passed through a mapping block
which typically uses virtual concatenation (VCAT) to route the stream of bits over one
or more SDH paths. As this is byte interleaved, it provides a better level of security
compared to other mechanisms for Ethernet transport.
After traversing SDH paths, the traffic is processed in the reverse fashion: virtual
concatenation path processing to recreate the original synchronous byte stream,
followed by decapsulation to converting the synchronous data stream to an
asynchronous stream of Ethernet frames.
The SDH paths may be VC-4, VC-3, VC-12 or VC-11 paths. Up to 64 VC-11 or VC12 paths can be concatenated together to form a single larger virtually concatenated
group. Up to 256 VC-3 or VC-4 paths can be concatenated together to form a single
larger virtually concatenated group. The paths within a group are referred to as
"members". A virtually concatenated group is typically referred to by the notation
<pathType>-<X>v, where <pathType> is VC-4, VC-3, VC-12 or VC-11 and X is the
number of members in the group.
Container (SDH)
Type
Payload Capacity
(Mbit/s)
VC-11-Xv
VT-1.5-Xv SPE
Low Order
X x 1.600 (X = 1 to 64)
VC-12-Xv
VT-2-Xv SPE
Low Order
X x 2.176 (X = 1 to 64)
VC-3-Xv
VC-3-Xv
STS-1-Xv SPE
VC-4-Xv
STS-3c-Xv SPE
EoS also drops the "idle" packets of the Ethernet frame before encapsulating the
Ethernet frame to GFP, which is recreated at the other end during decapsulation
process. Hence this provide a better throughput compared to native Ethernet transport.
1
An additional protocol, called link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS), allows the
two endpoints of the SDH paths to negotiate which paths are working and can carry
traffic versus which paths should not be used to carry traffic.
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme or LCAS is a method to dynamically increase or
decrease the bandwidth of virtual concatenated containers. The LCAS protocol is
specified in ITU-T G.7042.
It allows on-demand increase or decrease of the bandwidth of the virtual concatenated
group in a hitless manner. This brings bandwidth-on-demand capability for data
clients like Ethernet when mapped into TDM containers.
LCAS is also able to temporarily remove failed members from the virtual
concatenation group. A failed member will automatically cause a decrease of the
bandwidth and after repair the bandwidth will increase again in a hitless fashion.
Together with diverse routing this provides survivability of data traffic without
requiring excess protection bandwidth allocation
MPLS ingress Node: MPLS node yang mengatur trafik saat akan memasuki
MPLS domain
MPLS label: merupakan label yang ditempatkan sebagai MPLS header
MPLS node: node yang menjalankan MPLS. MPLS node ini sebagai control
protokol yang akan meneruskan paket berdasarkan label.
exceeds that of the current working path by some threshold (e.g., an order of magnitude
better BER). Consecutively, any case of failure drops in SNCPs decision mechanism.