1.

Atis

FOLKLORIC USES
Bark decoction used as tonic and to stop diarrhea
Salted bruised leaves used to hasten suppuration
Leaf decoction used for rheumatic baths to alleviate
plain
Roots has purgative action
Crushed fresh leaves for fainting and hysteria
INDUSTRIAL/PHARMACEUTICAL/PHARMACOLOGICAL
USES
Industrial
Eaten raw or makes a delicious ice cream.
The fermented fruit used to make cider.
Pharmaceutical/Pharmacological
Antioxidant
Antibacterial
Anti-diabetic
Hypoglycemic.

2. Libas

Folkloric Uses
- Bark, leaves and fruits are used for the treatment of burns,
sores and wounds.
- Bark used for treatment of diabetes.
- Used for dysentery and diarrhea, rheumatism,
vomiting.
- Unripe fruit used as aphrodisiac.
- Ripe fruits used as antiscorbutic.
Pharmacological Uses
- methanolic extracts has antibacterial activity
- has hypoglycemic property
- Laxative and Diuretic
- Anthelminthic
- Hepato-protective activity

3. Chico
Decoction of the yellowed leaves
Combined decoction of sapodilla and
chayote leaves

Leaves
Treatment for coughs, colds, and d
Used to lower blood pressure

Used for fever, hemorrhage, woun

ulcers
Bark
Decoction of bark
Treatment for diarrhea and fever
Making tea out of the bark (Febrifuge)
Was said to halt diarrhea and dyse
Decoction of the leaves

Making a Tonic out of the bark

Used to prevent or alleviate fever

Seeds
> Used as skin ointment;
Seed kernel oil
> Used as dressing for falling hair
> Used as diuretic;
> Effective in removing kidney and
Extraction of liquid from crushed seeds
stones;
> Effective against rheumatism
Fluid extract of crushed seeds
Used as sedative and soporific
Applied to stings and bites from ve
The paste of seeds
animals
Infusion of seeds
Used as eyewash
Fruits and Flowers
> Treatment for diarrhea;
Decoction of young fruits
> May be used as purgative
Soaking fruit in melted butter overnight
Treatment for biliousness and feve
Infusion of young fruits and flowers
Relieves pulmonary complaints
Used to rub the stomach of a wom
Making powder out of the flowers and
child birth (working as an analgesi
added with other ingredients
the pain)

INDUSTRIAL/PHARMACEUTICAL/ PHARMACOLOGICAL
USES:
1. Leaves: Antihyperglycemic
2. Leaves: Hypocholesterolemic
3. Leaves: Antioxidant Activity
4. Leaves: Antimicrobial Activity
5. Seeds: Tonic, Diuretic, Aperient
6. Bark: Antibiotic, Astringent, Febrifuge
7. Leaves and Seed Extracts: Anti-Diabetic
8. Seed Extracts: Used for as a mucilage (Manilkara
zapota (Linn.) Seeds (A Potential Source of Natural
Gum: Singh, Sudarshan; Bothara, Sunil B.)
9. Anti-Candidal Activity
10. CNS Depressant Activity (Sedative/Tranquilizer) (

5. Oregano

Folkloric Uses
Treats respiratory disorders
Treats gastrointestinal disorders
Treats menstrual irregularities.
Treats acne,

colds, cough,
dysmenorrhea,
high blood sugar,
insect and spider bites,
toothache,
ulcers,
urinary tract infections,
varicose veins, and warts.
diaphoretic,
expectorant,
flavoring,
food preservative
mild tonic.

The mostly noted uses of the herb before and is still known
for it until now is its
antiseptic,
antibacterial,
antifungal,
antioxidant,
anti-parasitic,
antispasmodic and
estrogenic properties
Pharmacological Properties
antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gramnegative
microorganisms
such
as
Listeria,
Pseudomonas, Proteus, Salmonella and Clostridium
through its volatile oils.
inhibits aflatoxins, fungal metabolites contaminating
many food products, and even prevented the growth of
Aspergillus.
exhibited antioxidant activity by delaying the
onset of rancidity.
The parasites Entamoeba hartmanni, Endolimax nana,
and Blastocystis hominis were eradicated from 13
patients who were administered 200 mg emulsified O.
vulgare oil, indicating the plants anti-parasitic
action.
Furthermore, when oregano is prepared as a tea with
the flowers and leaves of the plant, it has
antispasmodic effects by interfering with the
influx of calcium and it regulatory proteins.
have mild estrogenic effects. It binds to estrogen
and progestin-binding sites which results to an agonist
and antagonist effect. This can be the reason why it
has been used to relive abdominal cramps in women
and regulate their menstrual cycle.
All of these properties that are possessed by the herb
are attributed to the presence of essential oils,
especially the active components thymol and

carvacrol. (1)
Industrial uses of oregano
food flavoring,
preservative,
antiseptic cleanser,
shampoo,
teas (gargle, mouthwash), and
bath additive.
As oil it can be applied topically to the affected area
and can also be added a few drops of oregano oil can
be added to milk or juice.
5. Kamias

Folkloric uses:
Relieve rectal inflammation infusion of leaves
Protective tonic after childbirth infusion of leaves
Venereal disease Infusion of leaves
Mumps, Acne, Rheumatism, Itches, Pruritus paste of
leaves
Cough and thrush infusion of flowers
Eye drops (magic curative) fruit juice
Fever & inflammation, rectal bleeding, and alleviate
internal hemorrhoids Fruit syrup
Beriberi, cough, biliousness, prevention of scurvy
fruit conserve
Bites of poisonous insects Fruits and leaves
5. Industrial/Pharmaceutical/Pharmacological Uses:
Anti-diabetic
anti-microbial
cytotoxic activity
antithrombotic
antioxidant
antifertility
Anti-hyperlipidemic
beneficial in diarrhea and hepatitis

6. Kataka-Taka

Folklore uses
Pounded fresh material is applied as a poultice for a variety of
conditions:

Sprains

Eczema

Infections

Burns

Rheumatoid arthritis

Gastric ulcer

Kidney stones

Carbuncle

Erysipelas

*Usually not taken internally

For

boils, the whole leaf is pressed by hand, to and fro, until it

becomes moist with the leaf extract. A small opening is made
in the middle of the leaf which is then placed on the boil with
hole over the pointing of the abscess.
Industrial/Pharmaceutical/Pharmacological Uses

Antibacterial

Antifungal

Antidiabetic

CNS Depressant

Tocolytic

Analgesic

Antileishmanial

Anti-ulcer

Antimicrobial

Neurosedative and Muscle Relaxant

Hepatoprotective

Anti-hypertension

Antioxidant

Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory

7. Banaba

Antidiarrheal

Anticancer

Anti-urolithiatic

Anticonvulsant

Wound healing

Immunosuppressant

Folkloric Uses
Treatment for diarrhea, constipation, inflammation of
kidneys, dysuria and other urinary dysfunctions
Decoction of leaves of all ages used for diabetes
mellitus. Some physicians believe the dried fruit
decoction to be better.
Roots have been used for a variety of stomach ailments.
Leaf decoction for diabetes; also use as a diuretic and
purgative.
Decoction of old leaves and dried fruit (dried from one to
two weeks), 50 g to a pint of boiling water, 4 to 6 cups
daily has been used for diabetes. Old leaves and ripe fruit
are preferred, believed to have greater glucose lowering
effect. Young leaves and flowers have a similar effect,
though only 70% that of matures leaves and fruits. The
wood has no known glucose lowering effect; the bark, a
very small amount. A decoction of 20 g of old leaves or
dried fruit in 100 mL of water was found to have the
equivalent effect to that of 6 to 7.7 units of insulin.
In Pahang decoction of bark has been used for the
treatment of diarrhea.
Infusion of bark used for diarrhea.
The bark, flowers and leaves used to facilitate bowel
movements.
Decoction of fruits or roots gargled for aphthous
stomatitis.
Decoction of leaves and flowers used for fevers and as
diuretic.
Leaf decoction or infusion used for bladder and kidney
inflammation,
dysuria,
and
other
urinary
dysfunctions.
Seeds considered to have narcotic properties; also
employed against aphthae.
Pharmacologic Properties
Hypoglycemic Activity
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors
Insulin-like Glucose Uptake-Stimulatory/Inhibitory and

Makopa

Adipocyte Differentiation-Inhibitory Activities

Free radical scavenging
Anti-inflammatory properties
Hepato-protective and antioxidant
Quorum-sensing-controlled virulence factor production and
biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Possible anti-obesity property
Ellagitannins as Activators of Glucose Transport in Fat Cells
Ellagic acid & gallic acid inhibit HIV-1 infection through
inhibition of HIV-1 protease & reverse transcriptase activity
Protective effects of Lagerstroemia speciosa on 3morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1)-induced oxidative stress in
HIT-T15 pancreatic cells

FOLKLORIC USES
o Not known in the Philippines for its medicinal
properties.
o In the Moluccas, the astringent bark is used for making
a mouthwash for thrush (dapulak).
o A root-bark decoction used for dysentery and
amenorrhea.
o Malays applies the dried, powdered leaves for cracked
tongues.
o Root applied to itches.
o For sore throat, the inner bark is scraped or the whole
bark is decocted.
o Root-bark used as abortifacient; also for amenorrhea
and dysentery.
o In Hawaii, juice of salted pounded bark used for
wounds.
o In Molucca, decoction of bark used for thrush.
o Malayans use powdered dried leaves for cracked
tongues. Root preparations for itching.
o In Cambodia, decoction of fruit, leaves and seeds used
for fever. Juice of leaves used for baths and lotions. The
root is considered diuretic.
o In Brazil, used for diabetes, cough, headaches,
constipation.
o In Malaysian Borneo, Malaysian Borneo, decoction of
stem and bark for diarrhea.
INDUSTRIAL/PHARMACEUTICAL/PHARMACOLOGICAL
USES
o Anti-inflammatory
o Antioxidant
o Aldose Reductase Inhibition / Cataract
Prevention.
o Hypoglycemic / Hypolipidemic
o Subacute Toxicity Testing / Hematological and
Liver Tissue Effects

Duhat

Folkloric uses:
In the Philippines, decoction of bark given internally for

dysentery.
Bark decoction also used as an enema, and astringent.
Diarrhea: Liberal amounts of the fleshy portion of the
fruit.
Decoction of the bark used as a gargle or mouthwash
for gingivitis and mouth ulcerations.
Dried seeds also used for diabetes.
In Unani medicine, seeds used as liver tonic, to enrich
the blood, strengthen the teeth and gums.
Juice of leaves, alone or with other astringents, used for
dysentery.
In Brazil, leaves and fruits used to treat infectious
diseases, diabetes and stomachaches.

Industrials/Pharmaceutical/Pharmacological Uses
Diabetic therapeutic and antioxidative
Anti-inflammatory
Antioxidant
Anti-allergic
Anti-cervical cancer

Anti-hyperglycemic