Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled
SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTI STROREYED HOSPITAL
BUILDING is the bonafied project work done by K.ASLAM (Reg.No.11609103006) in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Engineering Degree in
Civil Engineering under Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering & Technology during
the year 2011-2012.
Internal Guide
S.SANTHANA RAMAN,M.E,C.A.R(CSU)USA
Dean& Project Guide
Department of Civil Engineering.
S.V.C.E.T.
Mrs.GAYATRI PADHY,B.E
Head of the Department
Department of Civil Engineering
S.V.C.E.T.
External Guide
Dr.S.JUSTIN
Engineering Manager
SDDH,
EDRC, Larsen & Toubro,
Chennai.
Mr.UP.VIJAY
Assistant Engineering Manager,
EDRC, Larsen & Toubro,
Chennai.
Mr.M.RAMPRATHAP
Assistant Engineering Manager,
EDRC, Larsen & Toubro,
Chennai.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this oppurtunity to thank Mr.Bikram K.Naik [HR Manager, EDRC Division] and
Mr.Mukesh Kumar Singh [HR Manager P&OD] for giving me the oppurtunity to work with
Larsen & Toubro.
I thank Dr.S.Justin [Engineer Manager (SDDH),EDRC], Mr.UP.Vijay [Assitant Engineering
Manager] and Mr.M.Ramprathap [Assistant Engineering Manager] without them this project
would not have been possible. Their feedback, comments and suggestions were helpful
throughout the entire work.
I also thank all other Engineers of the Health and Leisure Division of B&F, L&T for guiding
me throughtout the program.
I thank Dr.Suresh Mohan Kumar M.Tech,Ph.D our Principal, for giving me the oppurtunity
to work with Larsen & Toubro Limited and I thank Mr.S.Santhanaraman M.E,C.A.R (CSU)
USA and Mrs.Gayatri Padhy,B.E. without them this project would not have been possible
throughout the entire work.
Last but not the least I thank my friends and family for their whole hearted support and
cooperation.
K.ASLAM
ABSTRACT
Industrial training is an essential in the development of the practical and professional skills
required of an Engineer and as an aid to prospective employment undertaking the training in
a reputed firm adds to the advantage. The training was done with Larsen & Toubro, Chennai.
The work allotted during the Indutrial Training period was the Seismic Analysis and Design
of multistoryed New Teaching Hospital block at Agartala one of the projects undertaken by
L&T.
Earthquake Engineering was developed a lot from the early days and seismically analysing
the structures requires specialized explicit finite element analysis software,which divides the
element into very small slices and models the actual physics. The seismic analysis of the
proposed building was done in the software ETABS, version- 9.7, which is one of the most
advanced software in the structural design field. The loads applied on the structure was based
on IS:875(part I)-1987[dead load],IS:875(part II)-1987[live load], IS:875(part III)-1987[wind
load], IS:1893-2000 [Earthquake load]. Scale factor is calculated from the design base shear
(Vb) to the base shear calculated using fundamental time period (Ta).
Once the analysis was completed all the structural components were designed according to
Indian standard code IS:456-2000. Footing, columns, beams, slab, staircase and shear wall
were designed. Ductile detailing of the structural elements were done as per code IS:139201993.
LIST OF CONTENTS
PAGE NO.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
10
13
14
14
14
14
15
16
4.7.8 Analysis
17
18
23
23
23
24
24
25
26
26
26
26
28
5.11 Output
30
36
6.1 General
36
36
37
37
38
39
39
39
40
40
41
7.1 General
41
42
42
42
43
43
44
44
45
46
8.1 General
46
47
47
47
48
48
49
49
49
50
51
51
53
53
53
54
54
54
55
55
56
57
10.1 General
57
7
59
59
59
60
60
61
11.1 General
61
61
62
62
62
63
63
64
64
12. Conclusion
65
13. References
66
LIST OF SYMBOLS
Asc
Ast
A sv
Ag
B.M
Bending Moment
C/C
Center to Center
Effective depth
DL
Dead load
Df
Depth of flange
EL
Earthquake load
fck
fy
Clear Span
L.L
Live Load
k1
K1
K2
Ld
Development Length
Leff
Effective length
Lx
Ly
M.F
Modification factor
9
M.R
Moment of Resistance
Mu
Ultimate Moment
Mu limit
Pu
Pt
Percentage of reinforcement
R.C.C
Spacing of reinforcement
S.F
Shear force
Torsion moment
Vu
Shear force
WL
Wind load
Zp
10
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE NO.
11
11
12
12
5. Seismic zone
14
17
18
19
20
20
22
28
54
54
11
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE NO.
1. Location map
01
2. Panel drawing
07
09
10
5. Soil classification
15
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
26
26
27
27
28
30
31
32
21. Diaphragm
33
34
12
35
36
38
40
41
45
50
51
53
55
56
58
60
61
64
13
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 NEW TEACHING HOSPITAL BUILDING:
Figure1-location map
The New teaching hospital block located at Agartala. The total build up area of the hospital
building is 12596.67 square meter and having five floors (G+5). The Hospital building
consists of various divisions like Ortho ward,Orthopedic ward, Opthamal ward, ENT ward,
major and minor operation theaters, out patient ward, seminar halls for medical students,
scanning and X-ray centre and medicine store room etc. The building located at seismic
prone zone (zone factor V). The building has designed according to the Earthquake resistant
considerations.
14
15
using Eigen vector or Ritz-vector analysis-Delta analysis effects may be included with static
or dynamic analysis.
Response spectrum analysis, linear time history analysis, nonlinear analysis and static
nonlinear analysis are possible. The static nonlinear capabilities also allow you to perform
incremental construction analysis, so that forces that arise as a result of construction sequence
are included. Results from the various static load cases may be combined with each other or
with the results from the dynamic response dynamic response spectrum or time history
method.
Output may be viewed graphically, displayed in tabular output, the types of output include
reactions, member forces, mode shapes, participation factors, static and dynamic story
displacements and story shears inter story drifts and joint displacements, time history traces
and more.
17
=G+5
= 4.0 m
= M 30
= 25kN/m3
= 24kN/m3
= 10kN/m3
= 20kN/m3
= 3.75 kN/m2
Floor Finish
= 1.5 kN/m2
Total Load
= 5.25 kN/m2
= 3.75 kN/m2
= 3.20 kN/m2
Total Load
= 6.95 kN/ m2
= 3.00 kN/m2
= 3.00 kN/m2
= 4.00 kN/m2
18
= 4.00 kN/m2
Terrace Floor
= 1.5 kN/m2
ICU
= 3.00 kN/m2
Lounge
= 3.00 kN/m2
Nurse station
= 3.00 kN/m2
Operation Theatres
= 3.00 kN/m2
Dining room
= 4.00 kN/m2
Waiting room
= 4.00 kN/m2
= 230 mm
Floor Height
= 4000 mm
Beam Depth
= 750 mm
= 15kN/m
= 115 mm
Floor Height
= 4000 mm
Beam Depth
= 750 mm
(0.115 (4-0.75) 20
= 7.5 kN/m
= 300750mm
= 250.75 0.33.42
19
= 19.24kN/m
Self-weight of beam (B2)
= 25 0.75 0.34.28
= 24.08kN/m
= 25 0.75 0.33.60
= 20.25kN/m
= 25 0.75 0.34.95
= 27.85kN/m
= (0.115(4-0.75)20
= 7.5kN/m
Column size
= 750750mm
Self-weight of column C1
= 159.62 kN/m
.
Figure 2-Panel drawing
4.5.2 FLOOR LEVEL
Beam size
= 300750mm
20
= 25 0.75 0.33.42
= 19.24kN/m
= 25 0.750.34.28
= 24.08kN/m
= 25 0.75 0.33.60
= 20.25kN/m
= 25 0.75 0.34.95
= 27.85kN/m
Self-weight of Slab
= 25 0.159.237.02
= 242.98kN/m
Column size
= 750750mm
Self-weight of column
= 0.115(4-0.75) 20
= 7.5kN/m
= 5.59.237.02
= 356.37kN/m2
= 2417.72kN/m
= 157.50kN/m
= 2138.22kN/m
Total load
= 4713.44 kN/m
= 4737.58 kN/m
21
The suggested life period to be assumed in design and the corresponding k1 factors for
different structures for different class of structures given in table 1, IS 875(part):1987. k 2 is
the terrain, Height and structure size factor given in table 2, IS 875(part):1987. k3 is the
topography factor given in table 3, IS 875(part):1987.
4.6.3 DESIGN WIND PRESSURE:
The design wind pressure at any height above mean ground level shall be obtained by the
following relationship between wind pressure and wind velocity
Pz = 0.6Vz2
4.6.4 WIND FORCES:
The value of force coefficient apply to the building or structure as a whole and multiplied by
effective frontal area of the building by design wind pressure, P z gives the total wind load on
that particular building or structure. The force coefficients are given in two mutually
perpendicular directions relative to reference axis of the structural member. They are
designed as Cpn and Cpt, give the normal and transverse, respectively to the reference plane.
Fn = Cpn Pzlb
Ft= Cpt Pz lb
Basic wind speed at Agartala (As per IS 875-1987)
= 50km/s (Vb)
=2
=C
= 1.08
=1
a=53.0m
b=36m
a=53.0m
h=28.0m
Fig4.A- Plan
In Y-direction (b/a)
= 0.68
In Y-direction (h/a)
= 0.53
= 53.0m
= 36m
Height(m)
K2
10
0.93
15
0.97
20
1.00
30
1.04
50
1.10
Design speed Vz
= Vb K1 K2 K3
Height(m)
K2
Vz(km/s)
X in Load
Pz=0.6Vz2(kN) direction(kN)
in
direction(kN)
FIRST
4.0
0.930
50.22
1.513
351.32
577.36
SECOND
8.0
0.930
50.22
1.513
234.21
384.91
THIRD
12.0
0.950
51.30
1.579
244.43
401.69
FOURTH
16.0
0.979
52.87
1.677
259.60
426.63
FIFTH
20.0
1.000
54.00
1.749
270.75
444.95
TERRACE
24.0
1.016
54.86
1.805
139.71
229.60
Total
1500.02
2465.14
24
Point
Load
FX
FY
FZ
MX
MY
MZ
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
BASE
WINDPX
-3.94
-0.36
-11.44
0.304
-15.199
0.071
BASE
WINDPX
-5.17
0.35
1.63
-1.013
-16.898
-0.036
BASE
58
WINDPX
-0.22
-7.95
-30.13
0.341
-0.544
0.041
BASE
59
WINDPX
-0.35
10.82
42.97
-0.494
-0.649
0.05
BASE
96
WINDPX
-6.44
-0.43
119.41
1.174
-18.245
0.121
BASE
115
WINDPX
-6.22
0.15
-13.46
-0.426
-19.163
-0.216
BASE
379
WINDPX
-27.28
-0.03
-107.35
0.097
-2.789
BASE
380
WINDPX
-27.92
-33.24
0.012
-2.75
BASE
184
WINDPX
-4.39
-0.13
-1.19
0.179
-0.241
-0.001
BASE
191
WINDPX
3.41
-0.67
-16.6
0.358
-0.051
0.007
BASE
200
WINDPX
-3.12
0.06
-2.57
0.054
-0.102
0.002
BASE
201
WINDPX
4.55
-0.78
23.06
0.423
-0.029
-0.007
FX
FY
FZ
MX
MY
MZ
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
Summation
WINDPX 1500.02
Point
Load
BASE
WINDPY
-1.01
-6.36
-33.52
23.774
-3.106
-0.198
BASE
WINDPY
-1.36
-9.92
-34.13
31.666
-3.66
-0.205
BASE
WINDPY
-1.94
-6.61
-39.98
25.27
-4.641
-0.171
BASE
73
WINDPY
-18.29
-0.3
-62.8
0.695
-0.976
-0.097
BASE
74
WINDPY
5.39
-65.76
-255.22
6.363
-0.504
0.21
BASE
117
WINDPY
-0.6
-2.1
-224.58
BASE
119
WINDPY
0.75
-2.38
-229.76
BASE
374
WINDPY
20.31
-0.44
94.16
1.313
1.667
BASE
375
WINDPY
20.38
-0.46
105.38
1.36
1.582
0.001
BASE
197
WINDPY
2.35
0.3
-4.6
0.196
0.157
-0.002
BASE
199
WINDPY
-19.47
-1.77
31.28
0.924
-0.613
0.034
BASE
200
WINDPY
-3.02
0.32
-5.15
0.212
-0.177
0.003
BASE
201
WINDPY
14.03
-2.17
77.89
1.349
0.306
-0.02
Summation
WINDPY
2465.14
25
The values of peak ground acceleration given in units g for the maximum
considered earthquake.
26
The value of (Z/2) corresponds to design basis earthquake damage control in limit
state.
Based on history of seismic activities seism tectonic understanding the entire country
has been divided in to four zones. The zone factor from table 2(IS 1893:2002)
Seismic zone
II
III
IV
Seismic Intensity
Low
Moderate
Severe
Very severe
0.10
0.16
0.24
0.36
R is the response reduction factor and controls the permitted damage in design basis
earthquake.
I is the importance factor and permitted damage could be reduced by setting the value
of I more than 1.
For the buildings like HOSPITALS, communication and community buildings the
value is 1.5 from table 6 (IS 1893:2002).
Seismic weight of the building is measured in Newton. Seismic weight includes the
dead loads (that of floor, slabs, finishes, columns, beams, water tanks, permanent
machines etc.
Seismic weight includes only a part of Imposed loads, for example 25% to 50% of
imposed loads for buildings from table 8 (IS 1893:2002).
27
The classification of soil is based on the average shear velocity for 30m of rock or soil
layers or based on average Standard Penetration Test (SPT) values for top 30m.
2.5
Soil)
0.5
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
Period (s)
Fi
(Z)
= 0.36 (Zone V)
(I)
(R)
Soil type
= Soft soil
= 53.0m
= 36m
= 28m
= 177309kN
28
= Ah W
Ah
= (ZI/2R)(Sa/ g)
Ta
Ta (X-Direction)
= 0.913
Ta (Y-Direction)
= 0.913
Sa/g
= 1.67/T = 1.83
Ah (X-Direction)
= 0.099
Ah (Y-Direction)
= 0.099
= (0.09h)/d
= 0.420 & Ta (Y-Direction) = 0.346
= 2.5
= 0.135 &Ah (Y-Direction)
= 0.135
= 17554kN
= 17554kN
= 23937kN
= 23937kN
29
= 20746kN
= 20746kN
= 6760kN
= 6173.94kN
4.7.7 ANALYSIS
Analysis options are set before the analysis, the analysis is performed with a scale factor 1.
The number of modes is initially set as 1.5 after anlysis. If the cumulative mass participation
factor is less than 95 percentage, then it is modified accordingly with base shear values
obtained for the earth quake load case the new scale factor is calculated and again the model
is analysed for the new scale factor. It can be observed that the base shear value calculated
from the code and by the software with the new scale factor are the same.
6. Base shear in X-direction using ETABS model- Table 6
Story
Point
Load
FX
FY
FZ
MX
MY
MZ
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
BASE
SPECX 21.12
6.06
51.23
23.359
78.266
0.911
BASE
SPECX 26.97
8.54
30.56
25.089
86.532
1.435
BASE
SPECX 29.62
3.71
63.14
11.368
90.891
1.676
BASE
SPECX 161.37
34.86
772.61
1.607
14.971
0.587
BASE
SPECX 190.16
4.52
19.77
0.66
20.901
0.464
BASE
SPECX 161.54
29.35
759.54
1.607
15.034
0.604
BASE
62
SPECX 36.09
4.51
13.19
12.545
100.706
1.788
BASE
66
SPECX 10.92
1.08
12.92
BASE
115
SPECX 26.77
4.34
63.2
12.201
80.561
2.515
BASE
1591
SPECX 0.11
6.7
0.93
BASE
1592
SPECX 0.82
6.79
5.12
BASE
1594
SPECX 2.23
7.86
15.27
BASE
1595
SPECX 0.08
5.91
11.84
Sum
6760
30
Point
Load
FX
FY
FZ
MX
MY
MZ
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
BASE
SPECY 5.67
14.41
91.79
52.89
17.692
1.018
BASE
SPECY 6.92
25.76
92.27
77.876
19.551
2.137
BASE
SPECY 8.2
18.87
118.39
65.448
21.629
1.569
BASE
SPECY 66.6
69.75
520.95
6.717
4.599
0.125
BASE
159
SPECY 0.34
39.45
118.78
5.311
0.793
0.009
BASE
160
SPECY 0.15
68.93
307.44
6.871
0.433
0.001
BASE
172
SPECY 11.22
0.16
77.79
BASE
174
SPECY 60.13
0.3
402.37
BASE
1587
SPECY 0.19
105.15
76.18
BASE
1588
SPECY 0.1
107.69
219.67
BASE
1591
SPECY 0.01
54.74
65.87
BASE
1592
SPECY 0.2
65.62
205.77
BASE
1594
SPECY 0.47
98.15
299.42
BASE
1595
SPECY 0.03
46.88
222.45
Sum
6173.94
= 20746kN
= 20746kN
31
= 6760kN
= 6173.94kN
= 3.07
= 3.36
Point
Load
FX
FY
FZ
MX
MY
MZ
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
BASE
SPECX 64.85
18.61
157.27
71.713
240.277 2.796
BASE
SPECX 82.81
26.2
93.83
77.024
265.653 4.404
BASE
SPECX 90.92
11.39
193.85
34.901
279.036 5.146
BASE
SPECX 495.42
107.03
2371.91 4.934
45.96
BASE
115
SPECX 82.19
13.33
194.02
37.458
247.321 7.72
BASE
117
SPECX 21.32
6.37
714.21
BASE
119
SPECX 23.94
6.78
724.44
BASE
121
SPECX 13.81
5.94
40.5
BASE
442
SPECX 340.62
9.65
1323.44 8.414
34.379
0.113
BASE
1587
SPECX 0.81
99.15
997.9
BASE
1588
SPECX 0.68
87.3
1162.35 0
BASE
1591
SPECX 0.32
20.57
2.86
BASE
1592
SPECX 2.52
20.84
15.73
BASE
1594
SPECX 6.84
24.14
46.89
BASE
1595
SPECX 0.26
18.13
36.35
Sum
1.803
20753.07
Point
Load
FX
FY
FZ
MX
MY
MZ
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
BASE
SPECY
19.05
48.43
308.4
177.711
59.445
3.419
BASE
SPECY
23.25
86.57
310.02
261.662
65.691
7.179
BASE
SPECY
27.56
63.42
397.8
219.907
72.672
5.271
32
BASE
SPECY
223.79
234.38
1750.39
22.57
15.453
0.422
BASE
119
SPECY
10.08
20.21
2062.4
BASE
121
SPECY
4.34
22.2
24.92
BASE
123
SPECY
2.91
62.47
11.13
156.838
5.821
0.665
BASE
440
SPECY
210.17
7.31
1056.86
14.678
17.001
0.01
BASE
442
SPECY
216.26
17.22
1617.36
21.921
16.802
0.136
BASE
1592
SPECY
0.67
220.5
691.38
BASE
1594
SPECY
1.58
329.78
1006.05
BASE
1595
SPECY
0.09
157.52
747.42
Sum
20744.37
= 20746 kN
= 20746 kN
= 20753.07 kN
= 20744.37 kN
Acceleration
(seconds)
Sa/g
(m2/s)
1.000
0.530
0.1
2.500
1.324
0.2
2.500
1.324
0.3
2.500
1.324
0.4
4.175
2.212
0.5
3.340
1.769
0.6
2.783
1.474
0.7
2.386
1.264
0.8
2.088
1.106
0.9
1.856
0.983
1.670
0.885
1.1
1.518
0.804
1.2
1.392
0.737
33
1.3
1.285
0.681
1.4
1.193
0.632
1.5
1.113
0.590
1.6
1.044
0.553
1.7
0.982
0.520
1.8
0.928
0.491
1.9
0.879
0.466
0.835
0.442
2.1
0.795
0.421
2.2
0.759
0.402
2.3
0.726
0.385
2.4
0.696
0.369
2.5
0.668
0.354
2.6
0.642
0.340
2.7
0.619
0.328
2.8
0.596
0.316
2.9
0.576
0.305
0.557
0.295
3.1
0.539
0.285
3.2
0.522
0.276
3.3
0.506
0.268
3.4
0.491
0.260
3.5
0.477
0.253
3.6
0.464
0.246
3.7
0.451
0.239
3.8
0.439
0.233
3.9
0.428
0.227
0.418
0.221
34
Point
Load
FX
FY
FZ
MX
MY
MZ
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
BASE
SISWT
27.65
21.32
2497.5
-34.428
42.726
0.476
BASE
SISWT
6.31
19.1
4190.33
-33.679
12.518
-0.08
BASE
SISWT
0.11
19.9
3577.2
-33.288
3.005
0.052
BASE
72
SISWT
-17.8
-13.2
2293.75
19.13
-29.645
-0.359
BASE
73
SISWT
55.84
-1.31
243.8
1.129
2.512
-0.173
BASE
74
SISWT
-57.53
62.27
545.42
-4.294
-3.983
0.017
BASE
148
SISWT
-13.74
-31.27
3478.73
54.117
-21.508
0.292
BASE
149
SISWT
-15.04
-14.49
1985.17
20.963
-23.614
0.588
BASE
410
SISWT
21.85
53.21
477.07
-2.793
2.787
-0.171
BASE
416
SISWT
-0.1
22.94
277.04
1.069
0.413
-0.059
BASE
198
SISWT
34.07
-1.58
56.5
0.839
1.065
-0.028
BASE
199
SISWT
-33.99
-1.54
56.36
0.832
-1.057
0.028
BASE
200
SISWT
-7.72
0.22
-8.62
0.142
-0.455
Sum
177309.1
35
36
37
38
is, the functions themselves are not assumed to have units. Instead, the units are associated
with a scale factor that multiplies the function and is specified when we define the response
spectrum case.
DEAD LOAD
LIVELOAD<3
LIVELOAD>3
COMB01
1.5 DEADLOAD +
1.5LIVELOAD +
1.5 LIVELOAD
COMB02
1.2 DEADLOAD +
0.6LIVELOAD +
0.3 LIVELOAD
+1.2 E.Q.LOADX
COMB03
1.2 DEADLOAD +
0.6 LIVELOAD +
0.3 LIVELOAD
+1.2 E.Q.LOADY
COMB04
1.5 DEADLOAD +
+1.5 E.Q.LOADX
COMB05
1.5 DEADLOAD +
+1.5 E.Q.LOADY
COMB06
0.9 DEADLOAD +
-1.5 E.Q.LOADX
COMB07
0.9 DEADLOAD +
-1.5 E.Q.LOADY
COMB08
1.2 DEADLOAD +
1.2 LIVELOAD +
1.2 LIVELOAD
+1.2WINDLOADX
COMB09
1.2 DEADLOAD +
1.2 LIVELOAD +
1.2 LIVELOAD
-1.2WINDLOADX
COMB10
1.2 DEADLOAD +
1.2 LIVELOAD +
1.2 LIVELOAD
+1.2WINDLOADY
COMB11
1.2 DEADLOAD +
1.2 LIVELOAD +
1.2 LIVELOAD
-1.2WINDLOADY
COMB12
1.5 DEADLOAD +
+1.5WINDLOADX
COMB13
1.5 DEADLOAD +
-1.5 WINDLOADX
COMB14
1.5 DEADLOAD +
+1.5WINDLOADY
41
WIND/ E.QLOAD
COMB15
1.5 DEADLOAD +
-1.5 WINDLOADY
COMB16
0.9 DEADLOAD +
+1.5WINDLOADX
COMB17
0.9 DEADLOAD +
-1.5 WINDLOADX
COMB18
0.9 DEADLOAD +
+1.5WINDLOADY
COMB19
0.9 DEADLOAD +
-1.5 WINDLOADY
UNFACTORED COMBINATION
COMB 20
1 DEADLOAD +
1 LIVELOAD +
1 LIVELOAD
COMB 21
1 DEADLOAD +
0.5 LIVELOAD +
0.25LIVELOAD
+1 E.Q.LOADX
COMB 22
1 DEADLOAD +
0.5 LIVELOAD +
0.25LIVELOAD
+1 E.Q.LOADY
COMB 23
1 DEADLOAD +
-1 E.Q.LOADX
COMB 24
1 DEADLOAD +
-1 E.Q.LOADY
COMB 25
1 DEADLOAD +
1 LIVELOAD +
1 LIVELOAD
+1 WINDLOADX
COMB 26
1 DEADLOAD +
1 LIVELOAD +
1 LIVELOAD
-1 WINDLOADX
COMB 27
1 DEADLOAD +
1 LIVELOAD +
1 LIVELOAD
+1 WINDLOADY
COMB 28
1 DEADLOAD +
1 LIVELOAD +
1 LIVELOAD
-1 WINDLOADY
COMB 29
1 DEADLOAD +
+1 WINDLOADX
COMB 30
1 DEADLOAD +
-1 WINDLOADX
COMB 31
1 DEADLOAD +
+1 WINDLOADY
COMB 32
1 DEADLOAD +
-1 WINDLOADY
42
44
D) DIAPHRAGM
46
47
48
Transmitting the applied load effects to the soil below without exceeding the safe
bearing capacity of soil.
Ensuring that the settlement of the structure is within the tolerable limits, and as
uniform as possible.
Further the foundation should provide adequate safety against possible instability due to
overturning or sliding and possible pullout.
Footings belong to the category of shallow foundation, types of footings are Isolated footing,
Combined footing and Wall footing.
In some cases it may be inconvenient to provide separate isolated footings for columns (or
walls) on account of inadequate areas available in plan. This may occur when two or more
columns are located close to each other or if they are relatively heavily loaded and rest on soil
with low safe bearing capacity resulting in an overlap of areas if isolated footings are
attempted. In such cases it is advantageous to provide a single footing for the column.
Isolated footing
Figure 24-Types of footing
6.2 DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
For ordinary structures located on reasonably firm soil, it usually suffices to provide a
separate footing is also called an isolated column. It is generally square or rectangular in plan
other shapes are resorted to under special circumstances. The footing basically comprises a
thick slab which may be flat, stepped or sloped.
49
(fck)
= 30N/mm2
(fy)
= 500 N/mm2
= 1.5D.L+1.5E.L
Axial load
= 1584.89 kN
= 18.26 kNm
= 16.13 kNm
= 100 kN/ m2
= 25kN/m3
= Square footing
= Flat
= 1.151584.89 kN
Total weight
= 1822.62 kN(unfactored)
q (SBC of soil)
= 100 kN/ m2
=1 (L=B)
= 4.4m4.4 m
P1
= 96.01 kN/ m2
P2
= 93.73 kN/ m2
P3
= 94.55 kN/ m2
P4
= 92.27 kN/ m2
= 700 mm
= 17.5 kN/ m2
50
= 1.825 m
Mx [94.220.51.8252]+[.51.8251.945.671.825]-[17.50.51.8252] =129.91kNm
Steel required along X direction
Mu lim
= 0.138f ck bd2
Depth required
= 178mm
= 637mm
= 0.48
Percentage of steel
= 0.117
= 0.75
=111.50
51
= 1.825 m
My[94.220.51.8252]+[.51.8251.945.671.825]-[17.50.51.8252]=129.91kNm
Steel required along Y direction
Mu lim
= 0.138f ck bd2
Depth required
= 178mm
= 637mm
= 0.48
Percentage of steel
= 0.117
= 0.75
= 94.70 kN/ m2
= 94.60
= 0.22N/ mm2
= 0.59N/ mm2
v
< c
= 94.24 kN/ m2
Vu = 94.24 [(4.44.4)-(0.75+0.637)(0.75+0.637)]
=1563.06kN
= 0.66 N/ mm2
c = 0.25(fck)
= 1.37 N/ mm2
52
= 38
Ld = 38 32
= 1216mm
= 915mm
= 350mm
53
Tied columns
2)
Spiral columns
3)
Composite columns
2)
3)
Short columns
2)
54
(fck)
= 30N/mm2
(fy)
= 500 N/mm2
= 1.5D.L+1.5E.L
Axial load
= 316.44kN
= 235.84kNm
= 128.0 kNm
= 750750mm
d'
= 60mm
Ratio of d/D
= 60/750= 0.08
Pt / fck
Pu / fck bd =(316103)/(30750750)
= 0.018
= 0.08
Mux1
=0.08307507502
=1012.50kNm
Ratio of d/D
Pt / fck
=60/750= 0.08
= 1.0/ 30
=0.03
Pu / fck bd =(1586103)/(30750750)
= 0.018
= 0.08
Muy1
=0.08307507502
=1012.50kNm
Percentage of reinforcement
= 1.0
= 17
= 17750750
= 9562 kN/m2
= (316.44/ 9562)
= 0.03
[Pu /Puz]0.2 so
=1
= 0.36
55
0.36
= 1.0
Ast
Ast
=5625mm2
= long/4
25/4
= 6.25mm
Tie spacing
=1625= 517mm
Spacing of ties should not greater than 300mm.
As per IS13920:1993
Spacing of hoops should not greater than = (1/4 of least lateral dimension)
(1/4)750=187.5mm
Provide 8 mm bars at spacing 190mm c/c as a transverse reinforcement
7.2.4 DESIGN PARAMETERS:
Fifth floor level
Grade of concrete using
(fck)
=30N/mm2
(fy)
= 500 N/mm2
= 1.5D.L+1.5E.L
Axial load
= 659.88kN/mm2
Mux
= 122.65kNm
Muy
= 59.10kNm
= 750750mm
d'
= 60mm
Ratio of d/D
= 60/750= 0.08
Pt / fck
Pu / fck bd
Mu/ fck bd2
(659.88103)/(30750750) = 0.04
[From the code IS 456- 1978 chart 48]
56
= 0.08
=0.08307507502
Mux1
=1012.50kNm
Ratio of d/D
=60/75= 0.08
Pt / fck
= 1.0/ 30=0.03
(659.88103)/(30750750) = 0.04
Pu / fck bd
Mu/ fck bd2
= 0.08
=0.08307507502
Muy1
=1012.50kNm
Percentage of reinforcement
= 1.0
= 17
= 17750750
= 9562 kN/m2
= 0.07
[Pu /Puz]0.2 so
=1
= 0.18
0.18
[Muy / Muy1] n[From the code IS 456- 1978 chart 64]
1
=0.80> 0.05(calculated).
= 1.0
Ast
Ast
=5625mm2
57
58
In Singly reinforced simply supported beams or slabs reinforcing steel bars are placed
near the bottom of beam or slabs where they are most effective in resisting the tensile
stresses.
In the case of cantilever beams or slabs reinforcing steel bars are placed near the top
of the beam or slabs for the same reason.
When depth of the section is restricted, the strength available from singly reinforced
section is in adequate.
At a support of a continuous beam or slab where bending moment changes sign. Such
a situation may also arise in the design of a beam circular in plan.
59
Flanged beams:
When a reinforced concrete slab is cast monolithically with the beam as in the case of
beam supported floor slab system, the beams can be considered as flanged beams with
slab acting as an effective flange on compression side.
The maximum area of compression reinforcement shall not exceed 0.04 bD.
Compression reinforcement shall be enclosed by stirrups for effective restraint. The
anchorage length of straight bars in compression shall be equal to the development
length of bars in compression.
Where the depth of the web in a beam exceeds 750 mm side face reinforcement shall
be provided along the two faces. The total area of such reinforcement shall be not less
than 0.1 percent of the web area and shall be distributed equally on two faces at a
spacing not exceeding 300 mm or web thickness whichever is less.
(fck)
= 30N/mm2
(fy)
= 500 N/mm2
= 8.20m
= 300750mm
= 124.61kNm
= 0.87
= 0.215
Ast = (Ptbd)/100
= 438.84mm2
60
= 360.16 mm2
= 300.20kNm
= 2.10
= 1097.10mm2
Ast = (Ptbd)/100
= 1097.10mm2
=134103/300690
= 0.64
(1001097.10/690300)
= 0.50
= 0.50
c
< v
= Vu- (c bd)
(134-(0.530069010-3)
= 30.5kN
Sv = (0.875002113690)/ (30.5103)
As per ductile detailing should be greater than (d/4) = (690/4)
= 222mm
=172.50mm
Adopt stirrup spacing 200mm c/c for a distance 2d = 2690 =1.5m from the face of the
support.
8.2.4 SHEAR REINFORCEMENT AT MID SPAN:
v = Vu/ b.d
= 70.5103/300690
Pt
= 0.34
(1001097.10/750300)
= 0.5
= 0.5
> v
= 0.4/ 0.87 fy
0.78582/ 300Sv
= 0.4/ 300500
Sv
= 182mm
< 0.75d
= 517.5mm
= 300 mm
61
< 300mm
So provide 8mm dia 2 legged stirrups at 100 mm c/c for a distance of L-4d = 8.20- 2.76 =
5.44m
8.2.5 DESIGN OF HANGER BARS:
Maximum shear due to secondary beam Vu
= 61.19kN
For single bar or single group of parallel bars all bent up to the same cross section.
Vus
= 0.87fyAsv Sin 2
0.87500.785122Sin60 2
= 170.34kN
= 1.2
= 1.7m
= 26 mm
=0.58(438.82/452.16)500
= 281 N/mm2
= 0.22
k1
= 0.95
Find k2
Pt =(1001205.86)/ bd
= 0.58
K2
= 0.9
Deflection allowable
= k1k226
Deflection allowable
= 0.950.926
= 22.23mm
11.26 < 22.23 Safe in deflection
62
63
64
Shorter of the two spans should be used for calculating the span to effective
depth ratios.
For two way slab of shorter span- up to 3.5m with fy=250, the span to overall
depth ratios given below & vertical deflection limits up to 3 kN per square
meter.
1. fy = 500, values given below should be multiplied to 0.8.
2. Simply Supported slabs = 35
iii. Continuous = 26
Spans above 10m- value may be multiplied by 10/span in m.
Effective span
Simply Supported slab & Continuous slab(width of the support is less than
1/12 of clear span)
the least of,
1. Clear span + effective Depth
2. Centre to Centre of supports
3. Continuous slab-(width of the support are wider than 1/12 of clear
65
= 3.60m
=4.55m
(fck)
=30N/mm2
(fy)
= 500 N/mm2
Ly/L
= 4.55/3.60
= 1.2 < 2 (two way slab)
= 3600/28
Effective depth
= 130mm
Overall depth
= 150mm
Effective span
=clearspan+eff.depth
= 3.6+0.130
= 3.73m
= 1 25 0.150
= 3.75kN/m2
Live load
= 4kN/m2
Floor Finish
= 2410.06 = 1.5kN/m2
Total Load
=9.25kN/m2
Ultimate load
= 9.251.5
=13.875kN/m2
= 1.2
Mxe
= e W L2
66
M= eW L2(kNm)
e=0.065 (Edge)
13.875
3.73
12.54
m=0.049 (Span)
13.875
3.73
9.45
ye =0.047 (Edge)
13.875
3.73
9.07
ym=0.035 (Span)
13.875
3.73
6.75
Ast calculation
Ast
(kN-m)
12.54
Spacing
diameter.
87500 Ast 130(1 230 mm2
300mm
300mm
300mm
300mm
500Ast/301000 130)
9.45
9.07
6.75
= 12.68 kN/m2
M.R
= 0.138 f ck b d2
12.68 kNm
= 0.138 301000 d2
Depth
= 0.513.8753.73
= 25.88kN
=(25.88103)/(1000150)
= 0.17 N/mm2
100Ast/ bd
= 0.15
Critical shear c
= 0.29 N/mm2
> v
Stress in steel fs
= 220 N/mm2
= 1.8
Deflection allowable
= 1.82011 = 36mm
[28mm < 36mm] The slab having the sufficient stiffness and the deflection will be within the
permissible value.
9.3 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
Continuous edges of middle strip, the tension reinforcement. Shall extend in the upper part of
the slab a distance 0.15L from the support and at least 50 % shall extend a distance of 0.3L.
68
Spacing
1. main steel- > 3d or 300mm whichever is smaller
2. Distribution steel- > 5d or 450mm whichever is smaller
Cover: should not be less then15mm nor < dia. of bar whichever is higher
69
70
71
= 12
Tread (T)
=300mm
Riser (R)
=150mm
=600mm
(fck)
=30N/mm2
(fy)
= 500 N/mm2
= 4200mm
= [4200/20]
= 210mm
= 5.25kN/m
= 5.59kN/m
= 0.56kN/m
=1.86kN/m
Floor finishes
= 1.5kN/m
Total dead
= 8.95kN/m
= 5kN/m
=13.95kN/m
= (1.513.95)
=20.93kN/m
= 46.15kNm
= 106mm
= 184mm
(184 >106)
72
= 1.35
Pt = [Ast100/bd]
=0.329
Ast
=606mm2
73
= 7.2m
Thickness of wall
= 230mm
= 4.0m
= 3349 kN
Shear force
= 7532.98 kN
Bending moment
= 33781.95
P2 Axial load
= 2197 kN
Shear force
= 7529.02 kN
74
Bending moment
= 33756 kNm
(fck)
=30N/mm2
(fy)
= 500 N/mm2
= (230 7.23)/ 12
= 7.15 1012 mm4
Area= tL
= 2307200
=1656103 mm2
fc= (P/A)( Mt L/ I)
=2.02 17.03
= 19.05 and -15.01kN/ m2
= 230 mm
= 0.17200
= 720mm
= 5700
c/c = 7200-750
= 6450
= 0.0025Ag
0.00251000230
= 575 mm2
= (0.5751000230)/100
= 1322.5mm2
Diameter of bar required should not be greater than (1/10 th) of wall thickness.
(1230)/10 = 23 adopt 16mm dia bars.
Spacing of bars = (10000.785 162 )/ 1322.5
= 150mm
= 1140mm
3t w = 3 230
= 690mm
= 2000.60mm2
75
=7532.98 103/230(0.87.2)
= 5.68 N/mm
= 1.70
= 0.7925N/mm2
cmax
= 3.5N/mm2
= Vu- (c t w dw)
Vs
=6483.73kN
HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT
A sv (Minimum reinforcement)
= 0.25% of Ag
= 575mm2
Sv = (0.875005750.87200)/ (6483.73103)
= 222.20 mm c/c
=P1[Lw.tw/(Lw.tw+2.Bf.Lf)]
=2844.78kN.
= Pw/ (fcktwLw)
=0.06
= 0.39
=(0.87 fy)/(cE)
= 0.62
xu/ L= ( +)/0.36+2
=0.39
=0.616
= 29741.70kNm
=33781-29741.70
=4039.30kNm
=[Lf.Bf/(Lw.tw+2.Bf.Lf)]
=0.04
76
=927.42kN
=324.42kN
=920mm2
=1500 mm2
=5mm
=320mm
77
CONCLUSION
The New teaching hospital building was designed with the earthquake resistant design
consideration. Seismic analysis and design were done by using ETABS software and verified
manually as per IS 1893-2002 the provision of shear wall in the staircase and lift region have
the ultimate shear resistance, the total base shear produced by the earth quake for that
maximum percentage of the shear resistance produced by the shear wall and the remaining
shear resistance produced by the columns. The detailing of the structural elements were done
as per IS 13920-1993(Ductile detailing for Earthquake resistant structures). To conclude a
complete design involving several parameters so as to result the earthquake has been done.
78
REFERENCES:
INDIAN STANDARD CODE BOOKS REFERRED:
IS: 875 (part I)-1987 Code for practice for Design loads for Buildings and Structures [Dead
load calculation]
IS: 875 (part 2)-1987 Code for practice for Design loads for Buildings and Structures [Live
load calculation]
IS: 875 (part 3)-1987 Code for practice for Design loads for buildings and Structures [Wind
load calculation]
IS: 456-2000 for Plain and Reinforced Concrete code for practice (IV th Revision)
IS: 1893-2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of structures [Seismic load
calculation]
IS: 13920-1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to seismic
forces.
SP: 16- Design Aids for Reinforcement concrete to IS: 456-1978
ETABS Integrated Building Design software manual by Computers and Structures Inc.
Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures by Mr.Pankaj Aggarwal and Mr. Manish
Shirkhande.
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures by Mr.Unnikrihna Pillai and Mr. Devadoss Menan.
Design of Reinforced Concrete Elements by Mr. Krishna Raju and Mr.R.N.Pranesh.
Limit state Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures by P.C.Varghees.
79