SUBJECT

Integrated Circuits &

Application
EXPERIMENT No: 3

TITLE
Op-amp Parameters

Page 1 of 8

DATE:

Rev:
0/2006

AIM: To Study and Determine following op-amp (IC-741) parameters.

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Input offset current

Input bias current
Output offset voltage
Slew rates
CMRR

APPARATUS: Op-Amp Kit,

IC-741, Resistors,
Connecting wires,
Function generator,
CRO, Power supply (+12V/-12V).
(A) Input offset Current (Iio):
Theory:
The algebraic difference between the current in to the inverting and noninverting terminals is known as input offset current Iio.It may be
defined by,
Iio= IB1-IB2
Where IB1= Current in to inverting input
IB2= Current in to non-inverting input
As the matching between two input terminals is improved, the difference
between IB1 and IB2 become smaller.
Schematic Diagram:

VCC +12v

IB1

uA

2
3

741

Output

uA
4

IB2

VEE -12v

SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VASAD

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Fig:1 Input offset current

SUBJECT
Integrated Circuits &
Application
EXPERIMENT No: 3

Procedure:

TITLE
Op-amp Parameters
DATE:

Page 2 of 8
Rev:
0/2006

Connect the ckt as shown in the fig: 1 on the Kit

Switch ON the power supply.
Measure the currents IB1 and IB2.
Calculate the input offset current using the equation.

Discussion Points:
How the input offset current will minimize?
(B) Input Bias Current (IB):
Theory:
The input bias current IB is average of the currents that flow into the
inverting and non-inverting terminals of input terminals of op-amp. In
equation form,
Input Bias current IB = (IB1+ IB2)/2
Design Equations:
Take R1=R3
Bias current IB1=VA/R1

Bias current IB2=VB/R2

Input Bias current IB =(IB1+ IB2)/2

Ckt Diagram:
SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VASAD
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT
Integrated Circuits &
Application
EXPERIMENT No: 3

TITLE
Op-amp Parameters

Page 3 of 8

DATE:

Rev:
0/2006
R2

VCC +12v

R1

VA

741

Vo

VB

R3
VEE -12v

Fig:1

Input Biast current

Procedure:
1) Connect the ckt as per shown in fig.1 on the Kit.
2) Switch ON the Power supply.
3) By using the voltmeter Measure the node voltages VA and VB with
reference to the GND.
4) Using equation, calculate Input bias current, IB.
Discussion Points:
How the input bias current will minimize?
(C) Input offset voltage (Vio):
Theory:
Input offset voltage is the voltage that must be applied between two
input terminals of an op-amp to null the output. The smaller the value of
Vio, the better the input terminals are matched.
SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VASAD
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT
Integrated Circuits &
Application
EXPERIMENT No: 3

TITLE
Op-amp Parameters

Page 4 of 8

DATE:

Rev:
0/2006

Design equation:

Closed loop gain: A= -R2/R1

Input offset voltage: Vio=Vo/A

Schematic Diagram:
R2

VCC +12v

R1

741

Vo

VEE -12v

Fig:1 Input offset voltage

Procedure:

Connect the ckt as per shown in fig: 1.

Switch ON the Power supply.
Measure output voltage Vo.
Using formula, Calculate the Input offset voltage, Vio.

(D) Slew Rate:

Theory:
Slew rate indicates how fast rapidly the output of an op-amp can change
in response to the changes in the input frequency. The slew rate changes
with changes in the voltage gain and is normally specified at unity gain.
SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VASAD
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT
Integrated Circuits &
Application
EXPERIMENT No: 3

TITLE
Op-amp Parameters
DATE:

Page 5 of 8
Rev:
0/2006

The slew rate of op-amp is fixed therefore, if slope requirement of the

output signal are greater than the slew rate, then distortion occurs.
SR= dVo/dt max V/S
Ckt Diagram:
Rf

Input Signal
from function
generator

+
4

R1

Vi

VCC +12V

741

Vo
Output Signal
to CRO

VEE -12 V

Fig:1 Slew Rate

Procedure:

Select the same value of feedback resistor Rf and input resistor R1 &
connect the ckt as shown in fig1.
Connect the function generator at the inverting i/p of the op-amp.
Connect the i/p signal & O/p signal of op-amp to the CH-1and CH-2
of the CRO.

SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VASAD

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT
Integrated Circuits &
Application
EXPERIMENT No: 3

TITLE
Op-amp Parameters
DATE:

Page 6 of 8
Rev:
0/2006

Switch ON the power supply.

Select input signal (Square wave) through the function generator.
Observe the output waveform of op-amp on CRO and compare both
i/p and o/p signals.
Measure the peak-to-peak o/p voltage v and the time period t.
Calculate the slew rate according to the equation.
Discussion Points:
Importance of slew rate at high frequency.
Why square is selected for the measurement of the slew rate?
(E) Common mode rejection ratio (CMRR):
Theory:
The common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) is defined as the ratio of the
differential voltage gain Ad to common mode voltage gain Acm, that is
CMRR=Ad/Acm
The differential voltage gain Ad is the same as the large-signal voltage
gain A, the common mode voltage gain can be determined by,
Acm= Vocm/ Vicm
Where
Vocm = output common mode voltage
Vicm = input common mode voltage
Acm = common mode voltage gain
Generally the Acm is very small and Ad is very large, so CMRR is very
large. CMRR is most often expressed in decibel (dB). Higher the value
of CMRR, the better matching between two input terminals and the
smaller is the output common mode voltage.

SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VASAD

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT
Integrated Circuits &
Application
EXPERIMENT No: 3

TITLE
Op-amp Parameters
DATE:

Page 7 of 8
Rev:
0/2006

Equation:
CMRR (dB)=20 log10 (Ad/Acm)
Ckt diagram:
R2
VCC +12V

R1

Vi(cm)

741
6

Vo(cm)

R3
R4
VEE -12 V

Fig:1 CMRR

Procedure:

Select the same value of all resistors R1,R2,R3 and R4 .

Connect the ckt as per shown in the fig: 1.
Connect the i/p signal Vi(cm) to the DC power supply(0-5 VDC).
Switch ON the Power supply.
Measure output voltage Vo(cm).
Using formula, calculate the CMRR.

Discussion point:
Importance of CMRR.

SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VASAD

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT
Integrated Circuits &
Application
EXPERIMENT No: 3

TITLE
Op-amp Parameters
DATE:

Page 8 of 8
Rev:
0/2006

Observation Table:
Parameters(741)
Input offset current
Input bias current
Output offset voltage
Slew rates
CMRR

Ideal value

Practical value

CONCLUSION:

SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VASAD

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT