Professional Documents
Culture Documents
September 2004
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation
Design Guide
This Practice is subject to revision at any time by the responsible Function Team and
will be reviewed every 5 years. This Practice will be revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn.
Information on whether this Practice has been revised may be found at www.pip.org.
PIP will not consider requests for interpretations (inquiries) for this Practice.
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation
Design Guide
Table of Contents
1. Introduction .................................. 2
1.1 Purpose ............................................. 2
1.2 Scope................................................. 2
2. References ................................... 2
2.1 Process Industry Practices ................ 2
2.2 Industry Guides and Standards ......... 2
3. Definitions .................................... 2
4. Design Procedure ........................ 3
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
Design Considerations....................... 3
Vertical Loads .................................... 3
Horizontal Loads ................................ 4
Load Combinations............................ 4
Pedestal............................................. 5
Anchor Bolts ...................................... 6
Footing Design................................... 8
Page 1 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
1.
Introduction
1.1
Purpose
This Practice provides guidelines and recommended procedures for engineers
analyzing and designing vertical vessel foundations.
1.2
Scope
This Practice addresses isolated foundations supported directly on soil. Pilesupported footings are not included in this Practice.
2.
References
Applicable requirements of the latest edition of the following guides, standards, and
regulations in effect on the date of contract award should be considered an integral part of
this Practice, except as otherwise noted. Short titles are used herein where appropriate.
2.1
2.2
3.
Definitions
For the purposes of this Practice, the following definitions apply:
engineer: The engineer responsible for the structural engineering design
stability ratio: The ratio of the resisting moment to overturning moment about the edge of
rotation.
owner: The owner of the facility or the owners authorized agent
Page 2 of 32
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
September 2004
4.
Design Procedure
4.1
4.2
Design Considerations
4.1.1
The engineer should review and verify project design as based on applicable
codes, corrosion allowances for anchor bolts, anchor bolt types, and any
special requirements dictated by the owner.
4.1.2
For very tall or heavy vessels, sufficient capacity cranes may not be
available for erection. The engineer should determine whether additional
loading may be imposed on the foundation during erection.
Vertical Loads
4.2.1
Dead Loads
4.2.1.1 The following nominal loads should be considered as dead loads
when applying load factors used in strength design.
a. Structure dead load (Ds) - Weight of the foundation and weight
of the soil above the foundation that are resisting uplift.
Pedestal dead load (Dp) is a part of Ds representing the weight
of the pedestal used in the calculation of tension in pedestal
dowels.
b. Erection dead load (Df) - Fabricated weight of the vessel
generally taken from the certified vessel drawing
c. Empty dead load (De) - Empty weight of the vessel, including
all attachments, trays, internals, insulation, fireproofing,
agitators, piping, ladders, platforms, etc.
d. Operating dead load (Do) - Empty dead load of the vessel plus
the maximum weight of contents (including packing/catalyst)
during normal operation
e. Test dead load (Dt) - Empty dead load of the vessel plus the
weight of test medium contained in the system. The test
medium should be as specified in the contract documents or as
specified by the owner. Unless otherwise specified, a minimum
specific gravity of 1.0 should be used for the test medium.
Cleaning load should be used for test dead load if cleaning fluid
is heavier than test medium. Whether to test or clean in the
field should be determined. Designing for test dead load is
generally desirable because unforeseen circumstances may
occur.
4.2.1.2 Eccentric vessel loads caused by large pipes or reboilers should be
considered for the applicable load cases.
Page 3 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
4.2.2
4.3
Horizontal Loads
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
Other Loading
4.3.3.1 Thrust forces caused by thermal expansion of piping should be
included in the calculations for operating load combinations, if
deemed advisable. The pipe stress engineer should be consulted for
any thermal loads that are to be considered.
4.3.3.2 Consideration should be given to process upset conditions that could
occur and could increase loading on the foundation.
4.4
Load Combinations
The vertical vessel foundation should be designed using load combinations in
accordance with PIP STC01015.
Page 4 of 32
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
September 2004
4.5
Pedestal
4.5.1
(Equation 1a)
(Equation 1b)
(Equation 1c)
BC + SD + 9 inches - (BD)
(Equation 1d)
(Equation 1e)
4.5.3
4.5.4
Page 5 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
(Equation 3)
where:
Fu
DC
4.5.5
fy
4.6
4.5.6
4.5.7
Anchor Bolts
See PIP STE05121 for anchor bolt design procedures. The nomenclature in the
following sections is from PIP STE05121.
4.6.1
Page 6 of 32
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
September 2004
(Equation 4)
where:
Nu = factored maximum tensile load on an anchor bolt
Mu = factored moment at the base of the vessel, calculated using load
factors in load combinations for uplift cases in Table 4 (Loading
Combinations and Load Factors - Strength Design) of
PIP STC01015
Nb = number of anchor bolts
BC = bolt circle diameter
(De or Do) = nominal empty or operating vessel weight. Use empty
weight for wind loads. Use empty or operating for
earthquake loads, depending on which condition is used to
calculate Mu.
4.6.2
For most cases, there is no shear on the anchor bolts because the load is
resisted by friction caused primarily by the overturning moment. If friction
cannot resist the load, the bolts should be designed to resist the entire shear
load, or other methods may be used to resist the shear load. The friction
resistance can be calculated using the following formulas:
Pu = Mu/LA + 0.9(De or Do)
(Equation 5)
Vf = Pu
(Equation 6)
where:
Pu = factored compression force at top of pedestal
LA = lever arm between centroid of tension loads on bolts and the centroid
of the compression load on the pedestal. This is a complicated
distance to determine exactly. A conservative approximation is to
use 2/3 of the bolt circle diameter as the lever arm.
=
(Equation 7)
where:
Vu = factored shear load at base of vessel, calculated using load factors in
load combinations for uplift cases in Table 4 (Loading
Combinations and Load Factors - Strength Design) of
PIP STC01015
=
4.6.3
Exact formulas for AN (the projected concrete failure area for an anchor or
group of anchors for calculation of concrete strength in tension) in an
octagon foundation are fairly complex. To determine this area, it may be
Page 7 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
4.7
The Nu and the AN determined according to this section should be used along
with PIP STE05121 to design the anchor bolts. For design work, PIP
Member Companies may use the PIP Anchor Bolt Design Spreadsheet,
available in the Implementation Resource Center on the Member Area of the
PIP web site, under the tab TOOLS.
Footing Design
4.7.1
Sizing
Footings for vertical vessels may be octagonal or square and sized based on
standard available form sizes. When form information is not available,
footing dimensions should be sized with footing faces in 2-inch increments
to allow use of standard manufactured forms. (Octagons highlighted in gray
in Table 1 are those having faces in 2-inch increments.) If extended to the
recommended depth specified in the geotechnical report, the pedestal may be
adequate without a footing. Footings smaller than 7 ft - 0 inch in diameter
should be square.
Where a footing is required, the footing thickness should be a minimum of
12 inches. The footing thickness should be adequate to develop pedestal
reinforcement and to satisfy the shear requirements of ACI 318.
The footing thickness should also be checked for top tension without top
reinforcement in accordance with ACI 318. If the thickness is not adequate,
either a thicker footing or top reinforcing steel is required (see
Section 4.7.5). Note that increasing the footing thickness is typically more
cost effective for construction than adding a top mat of reinforcing steel
except where seismic effects create tensile stresses requiring top
reinforcement.
For the first trial, the diameter of an octagonal footing may be approximated
by the following formula:
Diameter = (2.6)(Mftg/SB)1/3
(Equation 8)
where:
Mftg = nominal overturning moment at base of footing, kip ft
SB
Page 8 of 32
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
September 2004
4.7.2
(Equation 9)
(Equation 10a)
(Equation 10b)
where:
D = distance between parallel sides, ft
f = toe pressure, ksf
P = nominal total vertical load including soil and foundation, kip
A = bearing area of octagonal footing (0.828D2), ft2
Mftg = nominal overturning moment at base of footing, -kip ft
S = section modulus, ft3
e = eccentricity (Mftg/P), ft
4.7.2.4 Where the total octagonal footing area is not in compression
(e/D > 0.122 on the diagonal and e/D > 0.132 on the flat), the soilbearing pressure should be computed using Figure B and the
following formula:
f = LP/A
(Equation 11)
(Equation 12)
where:
Page 9 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
(Equation 13)
(Equation 14)
Stability/Sliding
4.7.4.1 The minimum overturning stability ratio and the minimum factor
of safety against sliding for service loads other than earthquake
should be 1.5 in accordance with PIP STC01015.
4.7.4.2 The minimum overturning stability ratio and the minimum factor
of safety against sliding for earthquake service loads shall be 1.0 in
accordance with PIP STC01015. In addition, the minimum
overturning stability ratio for the anchorage and foundations of
skirt-supported vertical vessels classified as SUG III in accordance
with SEI/ASCE 7-02, Section 9, shall be 1.2 for the critical
earthquake loads specified in SEI/ASCE 7-02, Section 9.14.7.3.10.5.
4.7.4.3 The stability ratio should be computed using the following formula:
S.R. = b/2e
(Equation 15)
where:
b = dimension of footing in the direction of the overturning
moment, ft
e = overturning moment at the base of the footing divided by the
total vertical load, ft. The moment and loads should be
factored in accordance with load combinations for uplift cases
in PIP STC01015, Table 3 - Loading Combinations Allowable Stress Design (Service Loads).
4.7.5
Reinforcement
4.7.5.1 Standard Factored Strength Design
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
September 2004
(Equation 16)
where:
ft = flexural strength of structural plain concrete, psi
fc = compressive strength of concrete, psi
= strength reduction factor for structural plain concrete = 0.55
The effective thickness of the footing for tensile stress calculations
should be 2 inches less than the actual thickness for footings cast
against soil (ACI 318-02, Section R22.7.4). For footings cast against
a seal slab, the actual thickness of the footing may be used for the
effective thickness. If the factored tensile stress exceeds the flexural
strength of structural plain concrete, top reinforcement should be
used if an increase in the footing thickness is not feasible.
See the following formulas for footing thicknesses that do not
require top reinforcing steel:
For footings cast against soil:
treqd = teff + 2 inches
(Equation 17a)
(Equation 17b)
(Equation 18)
where:
treqd
teff
Mu
Page 11 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
ft
Page 12 of 32
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
September 2004
APPENDIX:
Figures, Tables, and Example
Page 13 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
EquivalentCircle
3 hef
AN
Duplicated Area
3 hef
Alternative:
EquivalentCircle
Duplicated Area
3 hef
AN
3 hef
Page 14 of 32
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
September 2004
Figure A (Continued) - Potential Concrete Failure Areas (AN) for Various Configurations
Projected Concrete Failure Areas (AN) - Do Not Overlap:
EquivalentCircle
AN
AN
Alternate 1
Alternate 2
Page 15 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
P
MOMENT
AREA
f
f
I
FS AGAINST OVERTURNING
= DIRECT LOAD
=Pe
= A = 0.828 D 2
= LP / A
= TOE PRESSURE
= 0.0547 D 4
= D / 2e
Page 16 of 32
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
September 2004
D
B
22.5 Deg.
E
B = C x Sin 45 = 0.2928932 D
C = Length of Side = 0.4142136 D
E = Length of Diameter = 1.0823922 D
3
Ze = Sec. Mod. Diameter = 0.1011422 D
Zd = Sec. Mod. Flat = ZeE/D
I = Moment of Inertia = ZeE/2
Page 17 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
(Table 1, continued)
D
ft inch
6- 0-1/2
6- 2-7/8
6- 5-1/4
6- 7-5/8
6- 10-1/8
7- 0-1/2
7- 2-7/8
7- 5-3/8
7- 7-3/4
7- 10-1/8
8- 0-5/8
8- 3
8- 5-3/8
8- 7-7/8
8- 10-1/4
9- 0-5/8
9- 3
9- 5-1/2
9- 7-7/8
9- 10-3/8
10- 0-3/4
10- 3-1/8
10- 5-1/2
10- 8
10- 10-3/8
11- 0-3/4
11- 3-1/4
11- 5-5/8
11- 8
11- 10-3/8
12- 0-7/8
12- 3-1/4
12- 5-5/8
12- 8-1/8
12- 10-1/2
13- 0-7/8
13- 3-3/8
13- 5-3/4
13- 8-1/8
13- 10-5/8
14- 1
14- 3-3/8
14- 5-7/8
14- 8-1/4
14- 10-5/8
15- 1-1/8
Page 18 of 32
D
ft
6.036
6.237
6.438
6.639
6.840
7.042
7.243
7.444
7.645
7.846
8.047
8.249
8.450
8.651
8.852
9.053
9.250
9.456
9.657
9.858
10.059
10.260
10.462
10,663
10.864
11.065
11.266
11.468
11.666
11.870
12.071
12.272
12.474
12.675
12.876
13.077
13.278
13.479
13.681
13.882
14.083
14.284
14.485
14.686
14.888
15.088
C
ft inch
2- 6
2- 7
2- 8
2- 9
2- 10
2- 11
3- 0
3- 1
3- 2
3- 3
3- 4
3- 5
3- 6
3- 7
3- 8
3- 9
3- 10
3- 11
4- 0
4- 1
4- 2
4- 3
4- 4
4- 5
4- 6
4- 7
4- 8
4- 9
4- 10
4- 11
5- 0
5- 1
5- 2
5- 3
5- 4
5- 5
5- 6
5- 7
5- 8
5- 9
5- 10
5- 11
6- 0
6- 1
6- 2
6- 3
B
ft inch
1- 9-1/4
1- 9-15/16
1- 10-5/8
1- 11-5/8
2- 0-1/16
2- 0-3/4
2- 1-7/16
2- 2-3/16
2- 2-7/8
2- 3-9/16
2- 4-5/16
2- 5
2- 5-11/16
2- 6-7/16
2- 7-1/8
2- 7-13/16
2- 8-1/2
2- 9-1/4
2- 9-5/16
2- 10-11/16
2- 11-3/8
3- 0-1/16
3- 0-3/4
3- 1-1/2
3- 2-3/16
3- 2-7/8
3- 3-5/8
3- 4-15/16
3- 5
3- 5-11/16
3- 6-7/16
3- 7-1/8
3- 7-13/16
3- 8-9/16
3- 9-1/4
3- 9-15/16
3- 10-11/16
3- 11-3/8
4- 0-1/16
4- 0-13/16
4- 1-1/2
4- 2-3/16
4- 2-15/16
4- 3-5/8
4- 4-5/16
4- 5-1/16
A
2
ft
30.18
32.23
34.34
36.51
38.76
41.08
43.46
45.91
48.42
51.00
53.64
56.37
59.15
62.00
64.91
67.90
70.88
74.07
77.26
80.51
83.82
87.21
90.67
94.19
97.78
101.43
105.15
108.95
112.80
116.72
120.71
124.76
128.90
133.09
137.35
141.67
146.06
150.51
155.06
159.65
164.30
169.03
173.62
178.67
183.62
188.59
Ze
3
ft
22.24
24.54
26.99
29.60
32.37
35.32
38.43
41.72
45.19
48.85
52.70
56.77
61.02
65.48
70.15
75.04
80.05
85.52
91.09
96.89
102.94
109.24
115.82
122.62
129.69
137.02
144.62
152.54
160.71
169.15
177.89
186.93
196.31
205.96
215.91
226.18
236.77
247.69
258.99
270.58
282.50
294.77
307.39
320.36
333.77
347.40
E
ft
6.53
6.75
6.97
7.19
7.40
7.62
7.84
8.06
8.27
8.49
8.71
8.93
9.15
9.36
9.58
9.80
10.01
10.24
10.45
10.67
10.89
11.10
11.32
11.54
11.76
11.97
12.19
12.41
12.62
12.85
13.06
13.28
13.49
13.72
13.93
14.15
14.37
14.58
14.80
15.03
15.24
15.46
15.68
15.90
16.11
16.33
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
September 2004
D
ft inch
15- 3-1/2
15- 5-7/8
15- 8-1/4
15- 10-3/4
16- 1-1/8
16- 3-5/8
16- 6
16- 8-3/8
16- 10-3/4
17- 1-1/4
17- 3-5/8
17- 6
17- 8-1/2
17- 10-7/8
18- 1-1/4
18- 3-3/4
18- 6-1/8
18- 8-1/2
18- 10-7/8
19- 1-3/8
19- 3-3/4
19- 6-1/8
19- 8-5/8
19- 11
20- 1-3/8
20- 3-7/8
20- 6-1/4
20- 8-3/4
20- 11-1/8
21- 1-1/2
21- 3-7/8
21- 6-1/4
21- 8-3/4
21- 11-1/4
22- 1-5/8
22- 4
22- 6-3/8
22- 8-7/8
22- 11-1/4
23- 1-5/8
23- 4
23- 6-1/2
23- 8-7/8
23- 11-3/8
24- 1-3/4
24- 4-1/8
24- 6-1/2
24- 9
D
ft
15.290
15.491
15.692
15.893
16.095
16.296
16.497
16.698
16.899
17.101
17.302
17.503
17.704
17.905
18.107
18.308
18.509
18.710
18.911
19.113
19.313
19.515
19.716
19.917
20.118
20.320
20.521
20.722
20.923
21.124
21.325
21.527
21.728
21.929
22.130
22.331
22.533
22.734
22.935
23.136
23.337
23.539
23.739
23.941
24.142
24.343
24.545
24.746
C
ft inch
6- 4
6- 5
6- 6
6- 7
6- 8
6- 9
6- 10
6- 11
7- 0
7- 1
7- 2
7- 3
7- 4
7- 5
7- 6
7- 7
7- 8
7- 9
7- 10
7- 11
8- 0
8- 1
8- 2
8- 3
8- 4
8- 5
8- 6
8- 7
8- 8
8- 9
8- 10
8- 11
9- 0
9- 1
9- 2
9- 3
9- 4
9- 5
9- 6
9- 7
9- 8
9- 9
9- 10
9- 11
10- 0
10- 1
10- 2
10- 3
B
ft inch
4- 5-3/4
4- 6-7/16
4- 7-1/8
4- 7-7/8
4- 8-9/16
4- 9-5/16
4- 10
4- 10-11/16
4- 11-3/8
5- 0-1/8
5- 0-13/16
5- 1-1/2
5- 2-1/4
5- 2-15/16
5- 3-5/8
5- 4-3/8
5- 5-1/16
5- 5-3/4
5- 6-7/16
5- 7-3/16
5- 7-7/8
5- 8-9/16
5- 9-5/16
5- 10
5- 10-11/16
5- 11-7/16
6- 0-1/8
6- 0-7/8
6- 1-9/16
6- 2-1/4
6- 2-15/16
6- 3-5/8
6- 4-3/8
6- 5-1/16
6- 5-13/16
6- 6-1/2
6- 7-3/16
6- 7-15/16
6- 8-5/8
6- 9-5/16
6- 10
6- 10-3/4
6- 11-7/16
7- 0-3/16
7- 0-7/8
7- 1-9/16
7- 2-1/4
7- 3
A
2
ft
193.67
195.80
203.99
209.25
214.60
220.00
225.46
230.98
236.58
242.27
248.00
253.79
259.66
265.58
271.61
277.67
283.81
290.00
296.27
302.63
309.00
315.49
322.03
328.63
335.30
342.06
348.86
355.72
362.66
369.66
376.73
383.90
391.10
398.37
405.70
413.17
420.62
428.16
435.76
443.44
451.17
459.02
466.85
474.83
482.84
490.91
499.09
507.30
Ze
3
ft
361.54
375.99
390.81
406.02
421.70
437.70
454.10
470.90
488.11
505.82
523.87
542.34
561.24
580.57
600.44
620.66
641.33
662.45
683.03
706.19
728.59
751.69
775.16
799.11
823.54
848.60
874.03
899.97
926.41
953.37
980.84
1008.98
1037.50
1067.57
1096.22
1126.31
1157.15
1188.39
1220.19
1252.56
1285.49
1319.16
1353.07
1387.90
1423.15
1459.00
1495.62
1532.67
E
ft
16.55
16.77
16.98
17.20
17.42
17.64
17.85
18.07
18.23
18.51
18.72
18.95
19.16
19.38
19.60
19.82
20.03
20.25
20.47
20.69
20.90
21.12
21.34
21.56
21.78
21.99
22.21
22.43
22.65
22.86
23.05
23.30
23.52
23.74
23.95
24.17
24.39
24.61
24.83
25.04
25.26
25.48
25.72
25.91
26.14
26.35
26.56
26.78
Page 19 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
D
ft inch
24- 11-3/8
25- 1-3/4
25- 4-1/4
25- 6-5/8
25- 9
25- 11-1/2
26- 1-7/8
26- 4-3/8
26- 6-5/8
26- 9-1/8
26- 11-1/2
27- 1-7/8
27- 4-3/8
27- 6-3/4
27- 9-1/8
27- 11-5/8
28- 2
28- 4-1/2
28- 6-3/4
28- 9-1/4
28- 11-5/8
29- 2-1/8
29- 4-1/2
29- 6-7/8
29- 9-1/4
29- 11-3/4
30- 2-1/8
30- 4-1/2
30- 7
30- 9-3/8
30- 11-3/4
31- 2-1/4
31- 4-5/8
31- 7
31- 9-1/2
31- 11-7/8
32- 2-1/4
32- 4-3/4
32- 7-1/8
32- 9-1/2
33- 0
33- 2-3/8
32- 4-3/4
33- 7-1/8
33- 9-5/8
34- 0
34- 2-1/2
34- 4-7/8
Page 20 of 32
D
ft
24.947
25.148
25.349
25.550
25.752
25.953
26.154
26.355
26.556
26.757
26.959
27.160
27.361
27.562
27.763
27.965
28.165
28.376
28.568
28.769
28.970
29.171
29.373
29.574
29.775
29.977
30.178
30.379
30.580
30.781
30.982
31.184
31.385
31.586
31.787
31.988
32.189
32.391
32.592
32.793
32.994
33.195
33.397
33.597
33.799
34.009
34.201
34.403
C
ft inch
10- 4
10- 5
10-6
10- 7
10- 8
10- 9
10- 10
10- 11
11- 0
11- 1
11- 2
11- 3
11- 4
11- 5
11- 6
11- 7
11- 8
11- 9
11- 10
11- 11
12- 0
12- 1
12- 2
12- 3
12- 4
12- 5
12- 6
12- 7
12- 8
12- 9
12- 10
12- 11
13- 0
13- 1
13- 2
13- 3
13- 4
13- 5
13- 6
13- 7
13- 8
13- 9
13- 10
13- 11
14- 0
14- 1
14- 2
14- 3
September 2004
B
ft inch
7- 3-11/16
7- 4-3/8
7- 5-1/8
7- 5-13/16
7- 6-1/2
7- 7-1/4
7- 7-15/16
7- 8-11/16
7- 9-5/16
7- 10-3/16
7- 10-3/4
7- 11-7/16
8- 0-3/16
8- 0-7/8
8- 1-9/16
8- 2-5/16
8- 3
8- 3-3/4
8- 4-3/8
8- 3-1/8
8- 5-13/16
8- 6-9/16
8- 7-1/4
8- 7-15/16
8- 8-5/8
8- 9-3/8
8- 10-1/16
8- 10-3/4
8- 11-1/2
9- 0-3/16
9- 0-7/8
9- 1-5/8
9- 2-5/16
9- 3
9- 3-3/4
9- 4-7/16
9- 5-1/8
9- 5-7/8
9- 6-9/16
9- 7-1/4
9- 8
9- 8-11/16
9- 9-3/8
9- 10-1/16
9-10-13/16
9- 11-1/2
10- 0-1/4
10- 0-15/16
A
2
ft
515.57
523.92
532.32
540.80
549.38
557.99
566.67
575.41
584.22
593.10
602.09
611.10
620.18
629.33
638.54
647.86
657.21
667.05
675.86
685.65
695.31
704.95
714.74
724.56
734.44
744.44
754.45
764.54
774.69
784.91
795.19
805.60
816.01
826.45
837.05
847.67
858.35
869.17
879.98
890.87
901.82
912.85
923.99
935.09
946.37
958.17
969.02
980.50
Ze
3
ft
1570.32
1608.58
1647.46
1686.90
1727.29
1768.05
1809.45
1851.49
1894.18
1937.51
1981.73
2026.38
2071.71
2117.70
2164.37
2217.96
2260.00
2310.93
2356.91
2408.29
2459.36
2510.65
2563.16
2816.15
2669.85
2724.56
2779.73
2835.65
2892.30
2949.72
3007.88
3067.10
3126.79
3186.95
3248.45
3310.50
3373.30
3437.21
3501.59
3566.78
3632.74
3699.56
3767.51
3835.61
3905.21
3978.45
4046.21
4118.33
E
ft
27.00
27.22
27.44
27.66
27.87
28.09
28.31
28.53
28.74
28.96
29.18
29.40
29.62
29.83
30.05
30.27
30.49
30.71
30.92
31.14
31.36
31.57
31.79
32.01
32.23
32.45
32.66
32.88
33.10
33.32
33.53
33.75
33.99
34.19
34.41
34.62
34.84
35.06
35.28
35.49
35.71
35.93
36.15
36.37
36.58
36.81
37.02
37.24
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
September 2004
D
ft inch
34- 7-1/4
34- 9-3/4
35- 0-1/8
35- 2-1/2
35- 5
35- 7-3/8
35- 9-3/4
36- 0-3/4
36- 2-5/8
36- 5
36- 7-1/2
36.9-7/8
37- 0-1/4
37- 2-3/4
37- 5-1/8
37- 7-1/2
37- 9-7/8
38- 0-3/8
38- 2-3/4
38- 5-1/8
38- 7-5/8
38- 10
39- 0-3/8
39- 2-7/8
39- 5-1/4
39- 7-5/8
39- 10-1/8
D
ft
34.603
34.805
35.006
35.207
35.409
35.610
35.811
36.012
36.213
36.414
36.616
36.817
37.018
37.219
37.420
37.621
37.822
38.024
38.225
38.426
38.627
38.829
39.030
39.231
39.432
39.633
39.835
C
ft inch
14- 4
14- 5
14- 6
14- 7
14- 8
14- 9
14- 10
14- 11
15- 0
15- 1
15- 2
15- 3
15- 4
15- 5
15- 6
15- 7
15- 8
15- 9
15- 10
15- 11
16- 0
16- 1
16- 2
16- 3
16- 4
16- 5
16- 6
B
ft inch
10- 1-5/8
10- 2-3/8
10- 3-1/16
10- 3-3/4
10- 4-1/2
10- 5-3/16
10- 5-7/8
10- 6-5/8
10- 7-5/16
10- 8
10- 8-3/4
10- 9-7/16
10- 10-1/8
10- 10-7/8
10- 11-9/16
11- 0-1/4
11- 0-15/16
11- 1-11/16
11- 2-3/8
11- 3-1/16
11- 3-13/16
11- 4-1/2
11- 5-3/16
11- 5-15/16
11- 6-5/8
11- 7-15/16
11- 8-1/16
A
2
ft
991.97
1003.55
1015.18
1026.86
1038.65
1050.51
1062.38
1074.36
1086.40
1098.48
1110.68
1122.93
1135.21
1147.58
1160.03
1172.51
1185.12
1197.76
1210.45
1223.22
1236.08
1249.01
1261.97
1275.01
1288.11
1301.27
1314.54
Ze
3
ft
4190.81
4264.39
4338.74
4413.89
4490.11
4567.18
4644.86
4723.61
4803.23
4883.57
4965.15
5047.51
5130.58
5214.67
5299.74
5385.47
5472.58
5560.40
5649.03
5738.63
5829.34
5921.08
6013.45
6106.90
6201.28
6296.56
6393.09
E
ft
37.45
37.67
37.89
38.11
38.33
38.54
38.76
38.98
39.20
39.41
39.63
39.85
40.07
40.29
40.50
40.72
40.94
41.16
41.37
41.59
41.81
42,03
42.25
42.46
42.68
42.90
43.12
Page 21 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
K
0.4935
0.5065
0.5195
0.5323
0.5450
0.5577
0.5703
0.5828
0.5951
0.6074
0.6196
0.6317
0.6438
0.6557
L
4.503
4.656
4.819
4.991
5.174
5.369
5.576
5.797
6.032
6.284
6.553
6.842
7.152
7.485
e/D
0.370
0.375
0.380
0.385
0.390
0.395
0.400
0.405
0.410
0.415
0.420
0.425
0.430
0.435
K
0.6676
0.6794
0.6912
0.7030
0.7149
0.7267
0.7387
0.7507
0.7628
0.7749
0.7872
0.7995
0.8119
0.8244
L
7.844
8.233
8.654
9.113
9.615
10.167
10.775
11.450
12.203
13.046
13.998
15.080
16.320
17.754
e/D
0.440
0.445
0.450
0.455
0.460
0.465
0.470
0.475
0.480
0.485
0.490
0.495
0.500
> 0.500
K
0.8369
0.8496
0.8625
0.8754
0.8885
0.9017
0.9151
0.9287
0.9424
0.9564
0.9707
0.9852
See Note
See Note
L
19.432
21.421
23.812
26.742
30.411
35.138
41.452
50.304
63.601
85.785
130.192
263.487
See Note
See Note
Note: For e/D values greater or equal to 0.500, assume soil bearing as a line load with a length equal to the
face dimension of the octagon footing applied at a distance of e from the centerline of the footing.
Page 22 of 32
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
September 2004
9 ft-0 inches
7 ft-4 inches
1inch grout
PLAN
#4's
#5's
2 ties perset
# 4 @ 12 inches
each way
5
-#
e
(40 ach
re fac
qd e
.)
# 4 ties
SECTION
Page 23 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
14 ftdiam eter
67 ft
14.42 ft
diam eter
Insulation
Platform # 1
(90 degrees )
1ft
23 ft
1.5 ft
4.5 ft
Grade elevation
100 feet
DESIGN DATA
Wind Load
(Nominal loads)
V = 44.75 kip
M = 1,902 kip-ft (at top of grout)
Vessel Data
Anchor Bolts
Note: Wind/earthquake load calculations are not shown because they are beyond the
scope of this Practice.
Page 24 of 32
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
September 2004
PEDESTAL DESIGN
Pedestal Dimensions and Weight
Pedestal Reinforcement
Use 40 #5 bars (As = 0.31 inch ) with #4 ties at 15 inches c/c (minimum
reinforcement controls)
Nu = 4Mu/[(Nb)(BC)] - 0.9(De)/Nb
Page 25 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
Page 26 of 32
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
September 2004
Determine AN graphically:
EQUIVALENT
CIRCLE
54.0 inches
CENTER POINT OF
EQUIVALENT CIRCLE
Using the PIP Anchor Bolt Design Spreadsheet (available to PIP Member Companies
only) or ACI 318-02 Appendix D, the following was determined:
Nn = 33.2 kips > Nu = 27.7 kips
O.K.
Bolt length required (L) = projection + hef + projection at bottom (P1) from Table 1 in
PIP STE05121:
L (min) = (1 ft - 2 inches) + (1 ft - 6 inches) + (2 inches) = 2 ft - 10 inches
Use standard length bolts in accordance with PIP STF05121. Determine whether ASL
or BSL bolts are required. (See PIP STF05121 for definition of ASL and BSL.)
For 1-1/2-inch-diameter bolts, ASL = 2 ft - 8 inches, BSL = 4 ft - 5 inches
Required bolt length is too long for ASL bolts, use BSL bolts. BSL bolt embedment
including the following:
P1 = (4 ft- 5 inches) - (1 ft - 2 inches) = 3 ft - 3 inches < pedestal depth
(4 ft - 6 inches)
Therefore, anchor bolts will not extend into the bottom mat.
O.K.
Page 27 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
FOOTING DESIGN
f 'c
](db)
= [(0.02)(1.0)(1.0)(60,000 psi)/
Net weight of pedestal = (259.7 ft )[(4.5 ft)(0.15 kcf) - (3.5 ft)(0.11 kcf)]
= 75.3 kip
2
Weight of footing + soil = (391.1 ft )[(1.5 ft)(0.15 kcf) + (3.5 ft)(0.11 kcf)]
= 238.6 kip
Total (Ds) = 75.3 kip + 238.6 kip = 313.9 kip
Pe = De + Ds = 170.3 kip + 313.9 kip = 484.2 kip
Po = Do + Ds = 345.2 kip + 313.9 kip = 659.1 kip
Pt = Dt + Ds = 624.1 kip + 313.9 kip = 938.0 kip
Check Soil Bearing and Stability
Mftg = 2,171kip-ft
Page 28 of 32
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
September 2004
O.K.
Ldiag = 2.25
(Figure B, this Practice)
O.K.
Bottom Reinforcement
Check operating + wind (in this instance, PIP STC01015, Table 4, Load Comb. 3,
[1.2(Ds + Do) + 1.6W] controls):
soil + concrete
3.82
0.91
4.55
5.46
0.73
2.81 ft.
16.84 ft.
4.89 ft.
Page 29 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
K = 0.225 (flat)
4.72
soil + concrete
3.23
8.50
5.27
0.55
2.81 ft.
7.39 ft.
14.34 ft.
K = 0.660 (flat)
Page 30 of 32
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
September 2004
au = 4.390
O.K.
Page 31 of 32
FOR
PIP STE03350
Vertical Vessel Foundation Design Guide
O.K.
Top Reinforcement
Check to see if concrete can take weight of concrete plus soil above footing without top
reinforcement. Use load factor of 1.4.
Mu = (1.4/1.2)(0.73 ksf)(2.81 ft)2/2 = 3.36 kip-ft = 3,360 inch-lb/inch
ft = 5(fc)1/2 = 5(0.55)(4,000 psi)1/2 = 173.9 psi
Page 32 of 32