Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications!

- adapts seamlessly to phones, pads and desktops!

Ads by Google Energy Pump Heat Energy Energy Tube Calculation

Search

- "Search is the most efficient way to navigate the Engineering ToolBox!"

Energy and Hydraulic Grade Line

The hydraulic grade and the energy line are graphical presentations of the Bernoulli equation
Sponsored Links

lateral channel pumps

reihansl.de

high-pressure centrifugal pumps up

to a head of 1000m and 42m/h
The Bernoulli Equation
For steady, inviscid, incompressible flow the total energy remains constant along a stream line as expressed through the Bernoulli Equation:
p + 1/2 v2 + h = constant along a streamline (1)
where
p = static pressure (relative to the moving fluid)
= density
= specific weight
v = flow velocity
g = acceleration of gravity
h = elevation height
Each term of this equation has the dimension force per unit area - psi, lb/ft2 or N/m 2.

The Head
By dividing each term with the specific weight - = g - equation (1) can be transformed to express the "head":
p / + v2 / 2 g + h = constant along a streamline = H (2)
where
H = the total head
Each term of this equation has the dimension length - ft, m.

The Total Head

(2) states that the sum of
pressure head - p /
velocity head - v2 / 2 g
elevation head - h
is constant along a stream line. This constant can be called the total head - H.
The total head in a flow can be determined by measuring the stagnation pressure using a pitot tube.

The Piezometric Head

The sum of pressure head - p / - and elevation head - h - is called the piezometric head. The piezometric head in a flow can be measured through an
flat opening parallel to the flow.

The Energy Line

The Energy Line is a line that represent the total head available to the fluid and can be expressed as:
EL = H = p / + v2 / 2 g + h = constant along a streamline (3)
where
EL = Energy Line
For a fluid flow without any losses due to friction (major losses) or components (minor losses) - the energy line would be at a constant level. In a
practical world the energy line decreases along the flow due to losses.
A turbine in the flow reduces the energy line and a pump or fan in the line increases the energy line.

The Hydraulic Grade Line

The Hydraulic Grade Line is a line representing the total head available to the fluid - minus the velocity head and can be expressed as:
HGL = p / + h (4)
where
HGL = Hydraulic Grade Line
The hydraulic grade line lies one velocity head below the the energy line.
Sponsored Links

Flow Meters Wholesale

alibaba.com/Flow-Meters

Find Quality Products from Verified

Suppliers. Get a Live Quote Now!
Related Topics
Fluid Mechanics - The study of fluids - liquids and gases. Involves various properties of the fluid, such as velocity, pressure, density and
temperature, as functions of space and time.

Related Documents
Energy - Energy is the capacity to do work
Major loss in Ducts, Tubes and Pipes - Major loss - head loss or pressure loss - due to friction in ducts, pipes and tubes
Bernoulli Equation - Conservation of energy - non-viscous, incompressible fluid in steady flow
Pitot Tubes - Pitot tubes can be used to indicate fluid flow velocity by measuring the difference between the static and dynamic pressures
in fluids

Tag Search
en: energy line hydraulic grade line

Search the Engineering ToolBox

Search

- "Search is the most efficient way to navigate the Engineering ToolBox!"

Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - Online 3D modeling!

Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your SketchUp model with the
Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension/Plugin - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro . Add the
Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the Sketchup Extension Warehouse!

Translate the ToolBox

Arabic - Chinese (Simplified) - Chinese (Traditional) - Dutch - French - German - Italian - Japanese - Korean - Portuguese - Russian - Spanish - - Select
Your own language . .

About the ToolBox

We appreciate any comments and tips on how to make The Engineering ToolBox a better information source. Please contact us by email

editor.engineeringtoolbox@gmail.com
if You find any faults, inaccuracies, or otherwise unacceptable information.
The content in The Engineering ToolBox is copyrighted but can be used with NO WARRANTY or LIABILITY. Important information should always be
double checked with alternative sources. All applicable national and local regulations and practices concerning this aspects must be strictly followed
and adhered to.

Advertise in the ToolBox

If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords.

Home
Acoustics
Air Psychrometrics
Basics
Combustion
Drawing Tools
Dynamics
Economics
Electrical
Environment
Fluid Mechanics
Gas and Compressed Air
HVAC Systems
Hydraulics and Pneumatics
Insulation
Material Properties
Mathematics
Mechanics
Miscellaneous
Physiology
Piping Systems
Process Control
Control Valves
Documentation
Fluid Flow Meters
Temperature Measurement
Risk, Reliability and Safety
Pumps
Standard Organizations
Statics
Steam and Condensate
Thermodynamics
Water Systems

Ads by Google

Pipe Flow Calculator

Formula to Calculate
Conservation of Energy
Unit Converter
Temperature

0.0
oC

Convert!
Length

1.0
m
km
in
ft
yards
miles
nautical miles

Convert!
Volume

1.0
m3
liters
in3
ft3
us gal

Convert!
Velocity

1.0
m/s
km/h
ft/min
ft/s
mph
knots

Convert!
Pressure

1.0
Pa (N/m 2)
bar
mm H2O
kg/cm 2
psi
inches H2O

Convert!
Flow

1.0

m 3/s
m 3/h
US gpm
cfm

Convert!

Free Industry Magazines

appliance DESIGN

Power Engineering International

E&P (Hart's E&P)

Share this Page!

Shortcut to Home Screen?

Share

+2 Share this on Google+

Tweet

The Engineering ToolBox

bimSystems
- organizing design and development of technical systems!

mee ickets
- summarize meetings and keep track of tasks to be done - with tickets!
the Travlet
- tracking and sharing expenses between participants!
Sponsored Links

Marine Current
Meters

Low cost, high sampling

rate, accurate. Marine
and freshwater use

marinegeophysics.com.au/

98