Name: Class:

Score: /12 x 100 = %

Chapter 2
Exercise 1
Learning Area: Body Coordination
Learning Objective: Understanding body coordination
1. The ability of various parts of the body to carry out a task is called .
Keupayaan kebanyakan bahagian badan untuk menjalankan sesuatu tugasan dikenalpasti sebagai
..
2. Body coordination is controlled and regulated by :
Koordinasi badan dikawal dan diselaraskan oleh:
(a)
(b)
3. The importance of body coordination :
Kepentingan koordinasi badan:
(a) To keep the conditions in our body . at all times.
Untuk memastikan keadaan di dalam badan .. pada setiap masa
(b) Enable our body to . changes in our surroundings.
Membolehkan badan kita untuk .. perubahan di dalam persekitaran kita.
(c) Ensure all our body systems are able to .. harmoniously.
Nervous System
Memastikan seluruh sistem tubuh kita berupaya untuk. secara harmoni.
Sistem saraf
4. Complete the graphic organizer to show thesicomponents of the human nervous system.
Lengkapkan susunatur gambarajah untuk menunjukkan komponen-komponen sistem saraf manusia.
peripheral nervous system
sistem saraf periferi

brain otak

Nerves from
the brain
Saraf-saraf
dari otak

The control centre of the nervous system

Pusat kawalan sistem saraf

2-1

Nerves from the

spinal cord
Saraf-saraf dari
saraf tunjang

Link and .with

the central nervous system.
Menghubungkan .
dan .. dengan sistem
saraf pusat

Score: /20 x 100 = %

Name: Class:
Chapter 2
Exercise 2
Learning Area: Body Coordination Koordinasi badan
Learning Objective: Understanding the human nervous system. Memahami sistem saraf manusia.
1. The diagram below shows the structure of a typical neurone.
Flowsatu
of impulse
Gambarajah di bawah menunjukkan struktur
jenis neuron.
Aliran impuls

2-2

(a) Label the parts of the neurone.

Labelkan bahagian-bahagian neuron.
(b) On the diagram above, show the flow of an impulse.
Pada gambarajah di atas, tunjukkan arah aliran impuls.
(c) The basic structure of the nervous system is called a
Struktur asas bagi sistem saraf dinamakan .
2. State the function of the parts of the neurone in the table below.
Nyatakan fungsi bahagian-bahagian neuron di dalam jadual di bawah.
Part of neurone
Bahagian neuron

Function
Fungsi

Nucleus
Nukleus

Dendrite
Dendrit

Axon
Akson

Myelin Sheath
Salut myelin

3. Identify the different types of neurone in the diagram below and state its function.
Kenalpasti perbezaan jenis-jenis neuron di dalam gambarajah di bawah dan nyatakan fungsifungsinya.

Neurone Neuron

Function Fungsi

2-3

Transmit impulse from .

to
Menghantar impuls dari
ke ..
..neurone
Neuron ..
Transmit impulse from .
to
Menghantar impuls dari .
Ke ..
............... neurone
Neuron
Transmit impulse from .
to
Menghantar impuls dari ..
Ke
neurone
Neuron .

Name: Class: .

Score: /33 x 100 = %

Chapter 2
Exercise 3
Learning Area: Body Coordination. Koordinasi Badan
Learning Objective: Analysing nervous coordination. Menganalisa koordinasi saraf.
1. Complete the flow chart below to show the pathway of impulse in nervous coordination using
the words given.
2-4

Lengkapkan carta alir di bawah untuk menunjukkan arah aliran impuls di dalam koordinasi saraf
dengan menggunakan perkataan yang diberikan.

sensory
deria

effector
efektor

stimulus
rangsangan

receptor
reseptor

motor
motor

central nervous system

sistem saraf pusat

..neurone
Neuron

.......................

.......................

...........................................

Response
Respon

.......................

..neurone
Neuron .

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

Isikan tempat kosong dengan perkataan yang sesuai
(a) Receptor reseptor : (i) Are cells.
Adalah sel.
(ii) Can be found in ..
Boleh ditemui di dalam .
(iii) The function is to ..
Fungsiya untuk .
(b) Effector efektor :

(i) Example: and

Contoh : dan .
(ii) The function is to ..
Fungsinya untuk.

(c) The function of the . is to process the information.

Fungsi ialah untuk memproses maklumat.
3. The diagram below shows a reflex arc in a reflex action
2-5

Gambarajah di bawah menunjukkan satu arka refleks di dalam satu tindakan refleks

(a) What is a reflex action?

Apakah tindakan refleks?
..
(b) Give two examples of a reflex action.
Berikan dua contoh tindakan refleks.
(i) .
(ii) .
(b) State one importance of a reflex action.
Nyatakan satu kepentingan tindakan refleks.
..
(c) Study the reflex arc above. Identify the following components of the reflex arc.
Kaji arka refleks di bawah. Kenalpasti komponen-komponen di dalam arka refleks berikut.

Stimulus Rangsangan
Receptor Reseptor

Pain receptors in the finger. Reseptor sakit di dalam jari.

Part of the central nervous

system involved
Bahagian sistem saraf

pusat yang terlibat

Effector Efektor
Response Gerak balas

Muscles in the arm. Otot-otot di dalam tangan.

(e) Explain how the reflex action takes place by filling in the blanks with the correct words.
Terangkan bagaimanakah tindakan refleks berlaku dengan mengisi tempat-tempat kosong dengan
perkataan-perkataan yang sesuai.
(i)

stimulus is detected by in the fingers.

Rangsangan .. dikesan oleh . di dalam jari.

(ii) A nerve impulse is produced and is carried by a .. neurone to the .

Satu impuls saraf dihasilkan dan dibawa oleh satu neuron .. ke neuron
2-6

..
(iii) In the spinal cord, the . neurone transmits the impulse to the
neurone.
Di dalam saraf tunjang,neuron .. menghantar impuls kepada neuron..
(iv) The neurone will transmit the impulse to the . in the arm.
Neuron . akan menghantar impuls kepada di dalam lengan.
(v) The in the arm will
. di dalam lengan akan
(vi) As a result, the hand will be ..
Hasilnya, tangan akan .
Name: Class:
Score: /6 x 100 = %
Chapter 2
Exercise 4
Learning Area: Body Coordination Koordinasi badan
Learning Objective: Understanding the role of proprioceptors in maintaining
balance and coordination.
Memahami peranan proprioseptors dalam mengekalkan keseimbangan dan
koordinasi.
The diagram below shows a student walking on a narrow log.
Fill in the blanks with correct word.
Gambarajah di bawah menunjukkan seorang pelajar sedang berjalan di atas kayu yang sempit.
Isikan tempat kosong dengan perkatan yang sesuai.
Found in Ditemui dalam:
....
Tendon tendon

Cells involve:
sel yang terlibat:

Sensitive to sensitif kepada

Pressure tekanan

.cells

..

Sel.

2-7

Importance kepentingan:
Coordinate movement
Mengkoodinasi pergerakan
Maintain .
Mengekalkan ..

Name: Class:
Score: /27 x 100 = .. %
Chapter 2
Exercise 5
Learning Area: Body Coordination Koordinasi badan
Learning Objective: Understanding the human brain and its complexity.
Memahami otak manusia dan kekompleksannya.
1. Label the parts of the human brain.
Labelkan bahagian-bahagian otak manusia.

2. State the function of each part of the human brain.

Nyatakan fungsi setiap bahagian otak manusia.
Part of brain
Bahagian otak

Function
Fungsi

Cerebrum
Serebrum

Control .. action.
Mengawal tindakan

Cerebellum
Serebelum

(i) Control
Mengawal ..
(ii) Maintain ..
Mengekalkan

Medulla oblongata
Medula oblongata

Control .. action.
Mengawal tindakan ..

3. (a) Classify the following actions into voluntary actions and involuntary actions.
Kelaskan tindakan-tindakan berikut kepada tindakan terkawal dan tidakan luar kawal
2-8

reading, heartbeat, raising your hand, blinking of the eye, running,

digestion, climbing a tree, blood circulation, dilation of pupil, skipping.
Membaca, degupan jantung, mengangkat tangan, mengerdip mata,
berlari, pencernaan, memanjat pokok, peredaran darah, anak mata
membesar, melompat tali.

Voluntary actions
Tindakan terkawal

Involuntary actions
Tindakan luar kawal

(b) Complete the table below to differentiate between voluntary action and involuntary action.
Lengkapkan jadual di bawah mengenai perbezaan di antara tindakan terkawal dan tindakan luar
kawal
Voluntary action
Tindakan terkawal

Aspect
Ciri-Ciri
Ability to control the action
by the conscious mind
Keupayaan untuk
mengawal tindakan oleh
minda sedar
Part of brain that control
the action
Bahagian otak yang
mengawal tindakan

4. State three factors that can cause injury to the human brain
Nyatakan tiga faktor yang menyebabkan kecederaan pada otak manusia
(a) ..
(b) .
(c) .
5. Write the effect of injuries to specific parts of the brain:
Tuliskan kesan spesifik kecederaaan pada bahagian otak
Part of brain injured
Bahagian kecederaan

Effect
kesan
2-9

Involuntary action
Tindakan Luar Kawal

Cerebrum
Serebrum
Cerebellum
Serebelum
Medulla oblongata
Medula oblongata

2 - 10

Name: Class:
Score: /26 x 100 = .. %
Chapter 2
Exercise 6
Learning Area: Body Coordination
Learning Objective: Understanding hormonal coordination in the body.
1. Fill in the blanks with correct word(s).
Isikan tempat kosong dengan jawapan yang betul.
(a) Hormonal coordination in the body is carried out by the .. system by secreting
..
Koordinasi hormon dalam badan ialah di hasilkan oleh sistem yang
merembeskan .
(b) The characteristics of endocrine glands:
Ciri - ciri kelenjar endokrin :
(i)
(ii) secrete hormones into .
Merembeskan hormon ke dalam ..
(iii) hormones are sent to ...
Hormone di hantar ke ..
2. The diagram below shows the endocrine glands of a woman.
Identify the endocrine glands.
Rajah dibawah menunjukkan kelenjar endokrin seorang perempuan.
Kenal pasti kelenjar endokrin.

A
B

A : __________________________________
B : __________________________________

C
D
E

C : __________________________________
D : __________________________________
E : ___________________________________

3. State the location of the hormones secreted by the endocrine glands.

Nyatakan lokasi hormone yang dirembeskan oleh kelenjar endokrin.
Endocrine gland
Kelenjar endokrin
Pituitary
Pituitari

Location
Lokasi

Function of hormone
Fungsi hormon
Controls growth and other endocrine
glands.
2 - 11

Mengawal pertumbuhan dan kelenjar

endokrin yang lain.
Controls rate of metabolism.
Mengawal kadar pertumbuhan
metabolism.
Controls blood sugar level.
Mengawal paras gula dalam darah
Increase heartbeat and breathing rate.
Meningkatkan denyutan jantung dan
kadar pernafasan.
Controls the development of secondary
sexual characteristics in male.
Mengawal perkembangan ciri-ciri seks
sekunder lelaki.
Controls the development of secondary
sexual characteristics in female.
Mengawal perkembangan ciri-ciri seks
sekunder perempuan.

Thyroid
Tiroid
Pancreas
Pankreas
Adrenal
Adrenal
Testis
Testis
Ovary
Ovari

4. State the effects of hormonal imbalance to health.

Nyatakan kesan- kesan ketidakseimbangan hormon untuk kesihatan.
Endocrine
gland
Kelenjar
endokrin

Effect of
kesan
under secretion
kekurangan hormon

over secretion
kelebihan hormon

Pituitary
Pituitari
Thyroid
Tiroid
Adrenal
Adrenal

Low capacity to overcome

stress.
Kapasiti yang rendah untuk
mengatasi tekanan

Pancreas
Pankreas
Testis
Testis
Ovary
Ovari

Highly feminine.
Terlalu bersifat keperempuanan

Name: .. Class:
Score: /25 x 100 = .. %
Chapter 2
Exercise 7
Learning Area: Body Coordination
Learning Objective: Analysing coordination between the nervous system
and the endocrine system.

2 - 12

1. Compare and contrast the nervous coordinator and hormonal coordination.

Bandingkan dan bezakan koordinasi saraf dan koordinasi hormone.
Hormonal coordination

Nervous coordination

Koordinasi Hormon

Koordinasi saraf
Similarities
Persamaan

Koordinasi Hormon

(i) Can senses . in the

Persamaan
environment.
(ii) . and ..
activities in the body
(i) Deria boleh . . dalam alam
Sekitar
(ii) dan aktiviti dalam
badan
Difference
Perbezaan
Aspect /Aspek
Means of control
Cara kawalan
Nature of message
Bentuk utusan
Speed of transmission
Kelajuan utusan
Destination of message
Sasaran utusan
Area affected
Kawasan yang dipengaruhi
Duration of effect
Tempoh kesan

2.Complete the flow chart below to show the coordination between the nervous system and the
endocrine system when a boy is chased by an elephant.
Lengkapkan aliran chart dibawah menunjukkan koordinasi di antara sistem saraf dan sistem endokrin
apabila seorang budak dikejar oleh seekor gajah.

2 - 13

Stimulus /Ransangan

..detect stimulus
...................................... mengesan ransangan

Send nervous impluses to the .

Hantar implus saraf kepada .

Brain . message and sends new impulses.

Otak. maklumat dan menghantar implus baru
Send impluses/Penghantaran impuls

.. Gland
Kelenjar

Effect /kesan
Pupils/anak mata :
Breathing rate / Kadar pernafasan :
.
Heartbeat
/Denyutan
jantung
:
.
Blood
pressure
/Tekanan
darah
.
Glucose
level
/Paras
glukosa

Body muscles/ Otot

badan

Response /Tindakbalas

......

Energy production/Penghasilan tenaga

Name:
. Class:
Score: /18 x 100 = ..
Chapter 2
%
Exercise 8
Learning Area: Body Coordination
Learning Objective: Evaluating the effects of drug abuse on body
coordination and health.
1. The meaning of drug abuse: - . of drug.
2 - 14

- without prescription.
- for purpose.
Maksud penyalahgunaan dadah : . dadah
tanpa preskripsi...
untuk tujuan.
2. Effect of drug abuse on body coordination.
Kesan penyalahgunaan dadah pada koordinasi badan
Type of drug
Jenis dadah

Example
contoh

Effect on body coordination

Kesan pada koordinasi badan
Will increase :
Akan meningkat

(i)
Stimulants
Stimulan

(ii)

Depressants
Depresen

(i) .

Slow down:

(ii) .

memperlahankan


Can cause:Boleh menyebabkan
..

Hallucinogens
Halusinogen

(i) .

Impair coordination.

(ii)

Mengurangkan

. koordinasi

behaviour.
. kelakuan
Name: Class: .. Score: /13 x 100 = .. %
Chapter 2
Exercise 9
Learning Area: Body Coordination
Learning Objective: Analysing the effects of excessive consumption of alcohol on body coordination and
health.
1. Alcoholic drinks contain ...
2 - 15

Mnuman beralkohol mengandungi .

2. List 3 examples of alcoholic drink.
Senaraikan 3 contoh minuman beralkohol
(a) .
(b) .
(c) .
3. The diagram below shows the effect of alcohol on body coordination.
Complete the diagram with correct answer.
Rajah dibawah menunjukkan kesan alkohol pada koordinasi badan.
Lengkapkan rajah dengan jawapan yang betul.

Slows down transmission of

Melambatkan penghantaran
.

Depressant

Effect of alcohol on
body coordination

Kemurungan

Kesan alkohol pada

Impairs judgement
Hilang pertimbangan

Koordinasi badan

reaction
time.

koordinasi

Impairs functioning of the

Menjejaskan fungsi

masa
tindakbalas

4. State the effect of excessive consumption of alcohol on health.

Nyakan kesan penggunaan alkohol yang berlebihan pada kesihatan
(a) of the liver./ hati
(b) Damage the and .
Memusnahkan

dan ..

(c) .. in baby born to alcoholic mother.

2 - 16

 bayi yang dilahirkan oleh ibu beralkohol

(d) Cancer of the . and ...
Kanser dan ..

2 - 17