What is three element control system how is it work?

A single element control system is one with just one control input; a two element control system is one with two control inputs,
etc.
I anticipate that you have a three-element boiler water level control system in mind. This is one which typically uses the
measured water level, the steam flowrate from the boiler, and the water flowrate into the boiler to regulate the flow of water into
the boiler.
Although you might think that measuring water level alone is sufficient, you have to bear in mind that the boiler water contains
lots of steam bubbles. Bubble size is affected by pressure, so if a boiler experiences a sudden extra demand for steam, its pressure
drops. The drop in pressure causes the steam bubbles in the boiler water to expand, and the level measurement can show an
increase in level.
The false high reading makes the water level control system reduce the flow of water into the boiler. Once boiler pressure is
restored the steam bubbles contract, and the measured water level drops suddenly. The level control system responds to this by
increasing the flow of water into the boiler, which effectively deluges the boiler with relatively cold water, and boiling is arrested.
Some of the steam bubbles in the boiler water collapse, and the boiler water level drops significantly - possibly to a low-level
alarm or lockout.
By adding water and steam flow measurement into the control system, we can identify any major disparity between the two, and
make compensation to the measured water level. This means that any transient peak demands on the boiler are recognised as
such, and the feedwater control is appropriately applied.
Incidentally, it is possible to achieve the same results using a two-element control system (level and steam flow), but it is easier to
commission three-element systems.
Three-element boiler water level control systems are sometimes referred to as "feed forward" control. This is becasue the system
identifies a transient high demand for steam before it has any effect on the boiler water level, and therefore starts to put extra
water into the boiler in anticipation of demand.
This is a topic that requires reading and operational experience to understand - and even then it can still be difficult to figure out.
I took control courses in university, but it was not until I had real life experience in the field with controllers I was able to fully
understand the tuning process.
A three element control is a cascading feed-forward control loop. Its simple description/purpose is to keep water inflow the same
as water outflow (where inflow is your feedwater demand). The controller applies a proportional action to the error between the
drum level (signal) and the set point.
The controller looks at the drum level error + the steam flow = feedwater signal demand.
The feedwater signal is compared to the water flow input (i.e. current feedwater flow) - the difference is the new output of the
feedwater controller (i.e. your new feedwater flow). This happens according to the frequency of you process logic controller. The
problem is that if you constantly try to hit the set point many times each second you end up overshooting or undershooting your
setpoint and you drum level fluctuates uncontrollably. This is why Integral action is also provided. The combination of
proportional + integral control helps to establish predictable feed water flows at common loads and can react to load
changes/adjustments as required) if the system is properly tuned (the constants used for proportional and integral control are set
to match normal operations).