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Analysis Guide
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The cont ent of t his m anual is provided for inform at ion only , is subj ect t o change wit hout
not ice, and should not be const rued as a com m it m ent by Act ix. Act ix assum es no
responsibilit y or liabilit y for any errors or inaccuracies t hat appear in t his docum ent at ion.
Copyright Act ix 2005- 2008. All right s reserved. All t radem arks are hereby acknowledged.
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Cont ent s
1 I NTRODUCTI ON ......................................................................................... 4
2 OPERATI ONAL TASKS AND PROCESSES ............................................................. 5
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
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I nt roduct ion 4
1 I nt roduct ion
I t is widely recognized t hat increasing product ivit y fuelled m uch of t he global econom ic
expansion of t he 1990s. Technological advances in soft ware and hardware usually enable
t hese product ivit y im provem ent s, alt hough t here is oft en a lag bet ween t he availabilit y of
t he new t echnology, and it s widespread accept ance and deploym ent by indust ry. This gap
is som et im es called t he product ivit y lag fact or.
Som e exam ples of t his include t he int roduct ion of aut om at ed bank t eller t echnology in t he
1980s in t he US. When t he t echnology init ially becam e available, it was only sparingly
deployed, and t he unit s were oft en placed inside bank buildings where t he product ivit y
enhancem ent s t hey offered were lim it ed. Likewise, unat t ended gasoline pum p t echnology
has been slow t o roll out in Europe, but as t he t echnology has becom e widely adapt ed,
huge efficiency gains have been realized.
The wir eless indust ry is now at a sim ilar point . I t underst ands t hat t he t radit ional laborint ensive t echniques for m axim izing perform ance and capacit y in wireless infrast ruct ure
are fundam ent ally lim it ed by a lack of st ruct ured algorit hm s t o det erm ine im provem ent s.
Act ix Analyzer offers t he possibilit y t o look at drive t est dat a and scanner dat a t o fully
opt im ize a UMTS net work. I t allows t he engineer t o underst and t he causes and reasons for
drop calls and access failures.
Analyzer offers an unprecedent ed capabilit y t o execut e a det ailed exam inat ion of m essage
flows and aut om at ing st at ist ical analyses of perform ance. Analyzer significant ly accelerat es
t he rollout , t roubleshoot ing and opt im izat ion of t he UMTS net work. Act ix has em bedded
int elligence in t he soft ware t o allow t he RF engineer t o visualize specific event s and
underst and real problem s occurring in t he net work.
Analyzer em bodies our ext ensive experience as t he m arket leader in opt im izat ion solut ions
for CDMA, UMTS and GSM. All of t he lessons learned and t he t echniques developed over a
10- year period have been incorporat ed int o t hese powerful, vendor- independent solut ions
for UMTS infrast ruct ure.
This docum ent provides an overview of t he key benefit s, applicat ions and feat ures of
Analyzer. For addit ional inform at ion, including whit e papers and ot her lit erat ure, please
refer t o www.act ix.com .
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Act ix Solut ions em body our ext ensive experience as t he m arket leader in opt im izat ion
solut ions for CDMA, UMTS and GSM. All of t he lessons learned and t he t echniques
developed over a 10- year period have been incorporat ed int o t hese powerful, vendorindependent solut ions for cdm a2000, GPRS and UMTS infrast ruct ure.
Analyzers Rollout Verificat ion is a novel solut ion t o t he challenge of rolling out ,
t roubleshoot ing and opt im izing real UMTS net works. Analyzer m ay be used in field t rial,
benchm arking and operat ional set t ings t o aut om at e t he process of quant ifying net work
perform ance, t hereby m it igat ing t he risk of perform ance problem s during com m ercial
operat ion.
Analyzer offers an unprecedent ed capabilit y t o execut e a det ailed exam inat ion of m essage
flows and aut om at ing st at ist ical analyses of perform ance. Analyzer significant ly accelerat es
t he rollout , t roubleshoot ing and opt im izat ion of t he UMTS net work. Act ix has em bedded
int elligence in t he soft ware t o allow t he RF engineer t o visualize specific event s and
underst and real problem s occurring in t he net work.
Applicat ions addressed by Analyzer first becom e pert inent during t he new t echnology
rollout , as shown in Figure 1. Then, as first - generat ion t echnology is rolled out for soft or
com m ercial launches, Analyzer cont inues t o address a num ber of crit ical challenges. As
new sit es are com ing on air and m ore cust om ers are accessing t he net work, t he real
challenge for t he RF engineer is t o m axim ize t he coverage, capacit y and qualit y of service.
Analyzer offers a num ber of applicat ions applicable t o t hese ongoing challenges.
Rollout
Verificat ion
S l
R& D
Tr ia ls
I nit ia l
Rollout
I m m a t ur e
Buildou t
M a t ur e
Gr ow t h
Figure 1: Applicabilit y of Analyzer begins in t he I nit ial Rollout and cont inues t hroughout t he lifecycle of
t he net work deploym ent
Analyzer is a powerful t ool designed t o help t he RF engineer analyze dat a from scanner
and handset sources. I t gives a det ailed analysis during t he whole drive rout e. From
m issing neighbor t o pilot pollut ion det ect ion, t he different em bedded event s give an
absolut e advant age t o t he RF engineer in underst anding t he source of different problem s.
Figure 2 depict s som e of t he m aj or processes perform ed by engineering t eam s during t he
init ial rollout , im m at ure buildout and m at ure growt h phases; and indicat es t he key radiolink configurat ion t asks t hat are com m on across t hese processes. The following sect ions
provide an out line ( plus addit ional det ails) of t he processes and t asks t ypically perform ed
during t hose phases.
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R& D / Tria ls
& Pla nning
I nit ia l
Rollout
I m m a t ure
Buildou t
M a t ur e
Gr ow t h
I nit ia l Cov e ra ge
Ana lysis
Subscribe r - Pe r ce ive d
Pe r for m a nce
Pr oce sse s
Ra dio Link
Pe r for m a nce
On- going
Opt im iz a t ion
Pow e r
M e a sur e m e nt s
Se r vice
Cove r a ge
Ava ila bilit y
N e t w or k
Gr ow t h
Sit e I n t e gr a t ion
and
Opt im iza t ion
Th r oughput
a n d Ra t e s
Ca lcula t ion
Sca n ne r a n d
Dr ive Te st s
Ana lysis
Pha se s
Ev e nt
D e t e ct ions
Ta sk s
Be nch m a r k ing
Figure 2: Scanner and Drive t est s analysis, Sit e I nt egrat ion and Opt im izat ion are perform ed as part of
crit ical processes in t he I nit ial Rollout , I m m at ure Buildout and Mat ure Grow t h phases
Analyzer allows t he user t o focus on t he following t asks for sit e int egrat ion and t est ing,
coverage analysis, t roubleshoot ing and opt im izat ion:
The following sect ions describe t he high- level capabilit ies of Analyzer for each of t hese
applicat ions. Because Analyzer is based on an open archit ect ure plat form which includes
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user- definable query and open dat a im port capabilit iesit m ay be used for m any ad- hoc
t roubleshoot ing and perform ance analysis t asks beyond t hose covered in t his docum ent .
2.1 Sit e I nt egrat ion and I nfrast ruct ure Test ing
Part of t he process in rolling out a net wor k is t o be able t o t est and int egrat e new sit es.
Analyzer provides t he following feat ures for sit e int egrat ion and infrast ruct ure t est ing:
The file sum m ary report allows t he engineer t o have a quick look at t he overall
perform ance during t he ent ire drive t est .
Em bedded chart s and graphs help t o visualize key param et ers like Ec/ No or RSCP
in t he act ive set .
Det ailed report s on call st at ist ics on cell by cell basis
User- definable queries allow creat ion of cust om ized st at ist ical analysis
Aut om at ed report generat ion cont aining st at ist ical sum m aries of key perform ance
indicat or
Figure 3: Chart s and graphs for UMTS sit e int egrat ion and infrast ruct ure t est ing
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Analyzer provides t hese analyses of call sequence and call set up procedures:
Figure 4: St at ist ical sum m aries of call set up procedures and failure causes
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Analyzer provides t he following feat ures for benchm arking and st at ist ical analysis:
Aut om at ed report generat ion for quick visualizat ion of call st at ist ics such as drop
calls, access failures, call sust ainabilit y, et c.
Working wit h different sources of dat a t o creat e hom ogeneous set of report s for
benchm arking
User- defined queries allowing easy access t o different st at ist ics
Figure 6: Chart s and graphs represent ing different call st at ist ics
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Figure 8: I dent ify problem s for UMTS radio net works by visualizing
pilot signals as lines draw n t o serving cells on a m ap
Radio Link Perform ance Met rics available from Analyzer will include t he following
at t ribut es, depending on t he specific vendor and specific source ( handset or scanner) :
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CPI CH Ec/ No, Ec/ I o and RSCP per scram bling code
Handoff St at e, Call I D
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I nt erfaces t o a large num ber of net work perform ance dat a sources
Tim e- series and m ult i- dim ensional st at ist ical query m odule
Support for a wide variet y of wireless prot ocols from t he air- int erface t o t he core
net work
Analyzers flexibilit y allows it t o be configured for a wide range of net work perform ancedat a analysis t asks.
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UM TS Ca ll Se t up Ana lysis
UM TS Ca ll St a t ist ics
UM TS Dr ive Te st Su m m a r y
UM TS Qu a lit y An a lysis
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a list of sect or I Ds included in t he m at rix, but not t he act ual neighbor list
a list of sect or I Ds included in t he act ual list but not in t he m at rix
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C
N e igh bou r 2
D
N ot a N e igh bou r
A
Best Se r ve r
B
N e igh bou r 1
D r ive Test
Rou t e
E
Ex clu de d fr om An a lysis
Figure 19: Cell A is t he best server by CPI CH Ec/ I o. Cells B and C are w it hin a user- specified t hreshold
of Cell As Ec/ I o, and so are count ed as pot ent ial neighbors of A. Cell D is not wit hin t he required
t hreshold and so is not count ed as a prospect ive neighbor, nor is Cell E which did not have a
m easurable signal cont ribut ion at t his point in t he drive t est .
N/ A
10
15
10
N/ A
40
40
N/ A
12
15
12
N/ A
Table 1: A sam ple sym m et ric prospect ive neighbor array using sect or I Ds A, B, C, and D
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Ec/ I o m easurem ent s below a noise floor are filt ered out of t he dat a set prior t o
analysis.
User definable binning is used t o reduce t he num ber of m easurem ent s point s in
each bin t o creat e one value per bin opt ionally, no binning at all can be applied
and t he analysis will r un on t he full dat a set .
At each point along t he drive t est , CPI CH Ec/ I o dat a for each Scram bling Code is
used t o assign SCs t o an Act ive Set or a Pollut ion Set ( please see t he Em ulat ed
Act ive Set Module sect ion for m ore det ails) .
The Pollut ion Set consist s of all SCs t hat are not in t he Act ive Set , and have a
CPI CH Ec/ I o wit hin a user specified pollut ion t hreshold of t he st rongest CPI CH
Ec/ I o in t he Act ive Set ( see Figure 21) .
Using t he geographic inform at ion in t he log file and t he SC, t he net work elem ent
dat abase is searched t o ident ify t he Sect or and Cell I Ds of t he SC.
A pollut ion array is creat ed in m em ory which records t he num ber of t im es each
sect or I D is seen as a source of pilot pollut ion as shown in Table 2
All bins in t he log file are t hen processed int o t he pollut ion m at rix.
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D
Pollu t ion Sou r ce
C
Act ive Se t
A
Act ive Se t
B
Act ive Set
D r ive Te st
Rou t e
E
N ot a Pollu t ion Sou r ce , or in
Act ive Se t
Figure 21: Cell A, B and C are part of t he Act ive Set , as det erm ined by t he Em ulat ed Act ive Set
m odule. Cell D has a CPI CH Ec/ I o wit hin a user- specified pollut ion t hreshold of t he Act iv e Set s best
server Ec/ I o, and so is count ed as a cont ribut or t o pilot pollut ion at t his point in t he drive t est . Cell E
has a CPI CH Ec/ I o t hat is not wit hin t his t hreshold and so is not a pollut ion source.
Se ct or I D
Pollut ion
Count
150
45
12
Table 2: A sam ple pollut ion array indicat ing t he num ber of point s at which each sect or caused pilot
pollut ion for sect or I Ds A, B, C, and D
Result s are present ed in t he Pilot Pollut ion Analysis applicat ion report as shown in Figure
22. I n addit ion, Pilot Pollut ion m ay be geographically analyzed for each SC by accessing
t he Pollut ion_for_SC at t ribut e in t he workspace view.
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Figure 22: The Pilot Pollut ion Analysis report indicat es t he worst int erferers sort ed by Scram bling Code
The Act ive Set of pilot s is det erm ined using t he Em ulat ed Act ive Set m odule
Using t he geographic inform at ion in t he log file and t he SC, t he net work elem ent
dat abase is searched t o ident ify t he Sect or and Cell I Ds of t he SC
Handoff st at e is calculat ed by det erm ining t he configurat ion of t he sect ors in t he
Act ive Set as shown in Figure 23
All bins in t he log file are t hen processed int o t he handoff st at e m at rix
Report s showing t he percent age of handoff st at e for each sect or and for t he t ot al drive t est
m ay t hen be calculat ed as shown in Figure 24.
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Sin gle- se ct or
3 - w a y Soft e r
3 se ct or s
sa m e node B
Soft e r
Soft
2 se ct or s
sa m e node B
3 - w a y soft
Soft - soft er
2 se ct or s
sa m e node B
Figure 23: The Handoff St at e Analysis exam ines Sect or I Ds involved in call at a given drive t est point
and det erm ines which of t he above st at es applies, based on UMTS scanner dat a
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Figure 24: A report show ing t he percent age of drive t est in each handoff st at e for scanner dat a
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Figure 25: Using Scanner Ec/ I o m easurem ent s t o im plem ent 3GPP handoff algorit hm s for t he Act ive
Set
Figure 26 shows t he list of at t ribut es available for m odificat ion by t he user, as indicat ed in
t he 3GPP specificat ions:
Figure 26: Set t ing 3GPP handoff algorit hm at t ribut es including Report ing Range: Hyst eresis Event and
Tim e t o Trigger Event
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For any of t hese param et ers, t he m odule searches 5 seconds before t he first RRC
Connect ion Request for t he specific det ails. I f it cannot find t he param et ers during t hose 5
seconds, t he value No Dat a is shown.
Figure 27 shows a t ypical analysis execut ed by t he CPI CH before RRC Connect ion Request
m odule. For t he engineer, it is an easy way t o look at t he condit ions before t he call st art ed
and t he end result .
Figure 27: Exam ple of a log file analyzed by t he CPI CH before RRC Connect ion Request m odule
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Sit e I D of t he act ive sit e when t he call ended or dropped ( at t ribut e Ser vingCellid)
Figure 28 shows a t ypical analysis execut ed by t he CPI CH before call end or drop m odule.
For t he engineer, it is an easy way t o look at t he condit ions right before t he call ended.
Figure 28: Exam ple of a log file analyzed by t he CPI CH before call end or drop m odule
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Sit e I D of t he m ost com m on act ive sit e ( sit e associat ed wit h t he scram bling code
of t he fir st finger in t he act ive set )
Sit e I D of t he m ost com m on m onit ored sit e ( sit e associat ed wit h t he scram bling
code of t he first finger in t he m onit ored set )
Figure 29 shows a t ypical analysis execut ed by t he CPI CH during call m odule. For t he
engineer, it is an easy way t o look at t he average condit ions during t he call.
Figure 29: Exam ple of a log file analyzed by t he CPI CH during call m odule
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Figure 30 shows a t ypical analysis execut ed by t he CPI CH aft er call end or drop m odule.
For t he engineer, it is an easy way t o look at t he condit ions right aft er t he call ended.
Figure 30: Exam ple of a log file analyzed by t he CPI CH aft er call end or drop m odule
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MM CM Service Accept
CC Set up
CC Alert
CC Call Proceeding
CC Connect
Figure 31: Exam ple of a log file analyzed by t he call set up st at us m odule
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Figure 32: Exam ple of a log file analyzed by t he call sequence analysis m odule
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Figure 35: Exam ple of a log file analyzed by t he call t im ing analysis m odule
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Coverage:
Good: RSCP > - 80 dBm
Fair: - 80 dBm > = RSCP > = - 95 dBm
Poor: - 95 dBm > RSCP
Qualit y:
Good: Ec/ I o > - 8 dB
Fair: - 8 dB > = Ec/ I o > = - 15 dB
Poor: - 15 dB > Ec/ I o
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Also, it report s t he num ber of com plet ion for each of t hose event s and calculat es a
percent age of success.
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3.4 St at eform s
St at eform s can be added t o Analyzer t o im plem ent t ask or applicat ion- specific
funct ionalit y. Analyzer includes t he following st at eform s:
Navigat or
UMTS Throughput
UMTS Voice
Event Navigat or
GPRS_At t ach_Successful
GPRS_Det ach_Successful
GPRS_RAU_Successful
Event _Task_St art
While keeping t rack of t he current SC in t he act ive set . Figure 42 shows an exam ple of
t hose different event s at different m om ent s in t im e wit h t he t rack at t he t op showing t he
SC.
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Global RSSI
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I t is a very quick way for t he engineer t o follow t he act ive and m onit ored set s. Using t he
replay t ool, t he engineer can follow t he drive t est and analyze very quickly any part icular
event s.
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I nit
I dle
Paging
CC Set up
RAB Set up
Channel Reconfig
GSM Mode
I n Call
CC Call Proceeding
LAC
RAC
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TxPower UE_TxPow
RSSI UTRA_UE_CarrierRSSI
SI R Uu_SI R
SI R_Target Uu_Target SI R
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TxPower
SI R
RSSI
SI R Target
UTRA_ARFCN_DL
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Uu_Out goingCallOK
Uu_CallDropped
Uu_CallCom plet ed
While keeping t rack of t he current SC in t he act ive set . Figure 51 shows an exam ple of
t hose different event s at different m om ent s in t im e wit h t he colored t rack at t he t op
showing t he SC.
Figure 52: Exam ple of a log file analyzed by t he UMTS Voice Event Navigat or St at eform
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