Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I am = EU sunt
YOU are = TU eti
HE is = EL este
SHE is = EA este
IT is = EL/ EA este
WE are = NOI suntem
YOU are = VOI suntei
THEY are = EI/ ELE sunt
I have = EU am
YOU have = TU ai
HE has = EL are
SHE has = EA are
IT has = EL/ EA are
WE have = NOI avem
YOU have = VOI avei
THEY have = EI/ ELE au
PRACTICE
1. Completeaz cu am, are, is i tradu
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
I a big girl.
Father a doctor.
We .. in the 4th grade.
This. your school.
They . good brothers.
3. Scrie formele corecte ale verbului to have (a avea) pentru fiecare persoan dat i tradu:
I .
They .
We .
He
It
She ..
a:
ai
ai
au
au
e
ei
e
i
i:
i
u
o:
oi
u
u:
u
:
Start /sta:t/
Fat /ft/
Cry /krai/
Fire /fai/
Out /aut/
Flower /flau/
Ten /ten/
Say /sei/
Hair /he/
Milk /milk/
Tea /ti:/
Near /ni/
Phone /fun/
Door /do:/
Boy /boi/
Put /put/
School /sku:l/
Sure /u/
Girl /g:l/
Nut /nt/
Butter /bt/
Father /fa:/
Thin /in/
Sing /si/0
Ship /ip/
Chair /te/
Television /telivin/
Joy /doi/
ROUND UP
I. Fill in with a or an (Completeaz cu a sau an):
1. .. egg
3. .. cat
5. .. horse
7. .. armchair
9. .. eye
11. ball
2. .. orange
4. .. lion
6. .. onion
8. .. doll
10. book
12. iron
Infinitiv
To walk
To help
To laugh
To cross
To wash
To watch
To rob
To jog
To call
To enjoy
To live
To stay
To invite
To visit
To decide
To divide
To wait
To greet
To clap
To like
To lick
To smile
To declare
To cry
Trecut
(II)
Walked
Helped
Laughed
Crossed
Washed
Watched
Robbed
Jogged
Called
Enjoyed
Lived
Stayed
Invited
Visited
Decided
Divided
Waited
Greeted
Clapped
Liked
Licked
Smiled
Declared
Cried
Participiu
(III)
Walked
Helped
Laughed
Crossed
Washed
Watched
Robbed
Jogged
Called
Enjoyed
Lived
Stayed
Invited
Visited
Decided
Divided
Waited
Greeted
Clapped
Liked
Licked
Smiled
Declared
Cried
trecut
Traducerea
A merge
A ajuta
A rde
A traversa
A spla
A privi
A jefui
A alerga
A striga
A-i face plcere
A tri
A sta
A invita
A vizita
A decide
A diviza, mpri
A atepta
A ntmpina
A aplauda
A place
A linge
A zmbi
A declara
A plnge, ipa
She was a good-looking woman in her forties. Era o femeie frumoas ntre 40 i 50 de ani.
n limba englez, numele zecilor se leag de uniti direct, cu ajutorul unei liniue de unire:
68 sixty-eight
79 seventy-nine
Numeralul ordinal (The Ordinal Numeral)
Numeral ordinal indic ordinea n timp sau n spaiu a obiectelor sau a aciunilor: He was the first to
come. The second house roud the corner is mine.
Forma numeralului ordinal. Numeralele ordinale sunt alctuite din urmtoarele elemente: numeralul
cardinal, care poate fi considerat radicalul, articolul hotrt the, care precede radicalul, i sufixul -th, care
se adaug la radical: 4 - four - the fouth; 7 - seven - the seventh.
Numeralele ordinale de la 1 la 3 au forme care se abat parial de la aceast regul; the first, the second, the
third.
Cteva numerale ordinale prezint dificulti ortografice.
5 - the fifth
8 - the eighth
9 - the ninth etc.
La numeralele compuse, numai ultimul numr primete -th: 27 - the twenty-seventh; 236 - the two
hundred and thirty-sixth.
Numeralele ordinale cuprinznd cuvintele hundred, thousand, million pot fi precedate numai de one, nu i
de a, iar articolul hotrt poate fi omis: the one hundred and thirty-second.
Abrevierea numeralelor ordinale se face prin adugarea ultimelor dou litere la cifr: 1st; 2nd; 3rd; 4th;
21st etc.
1 the first
2 the second
3 the third
4 the fourth
5 the fifth
6 the sixth
7 the seventh
8 the eighth
9 the ninth
10 the tenth
11 the eleventh
12 the twelfth
13 the thirteenth
the 1st
the 2nd
the 3rd
the 4th
the 5th
the 6th
the 7th
the 8th
the 9th
the 10th
the 11th
the 12th
the 13th
14 the fourteenth
the 14th
15 the fifteenth
16 the sixteenth
17 the seventeenth
18 the eighteenth
19 the nineteenth
20 the twentieth
21 the twenty-first
30 the thirtieth
31 the thirty-first
32 the thirty-second
40 the fortieth
100 the hundreth
101 the hundred and
first
1000
the
one
thousandth
the 15th
the 16th
the 17th
the 18th
the 19th
the 20th
the 21st
the 30th
the 31st
the 32nd
the 40th
the 100th
the 101st
the 1000th
PRACTICE
I. Write the numbers in words:
Example: 35 treizeci i cinci thirty-five
4, 87, 18, 36, 51, 3, 10, 21, 16, 93, 82, 76, 6, 13, 69, 99, 45, 51, 42, 73, 85, 37
II. Write the numbers in words:
Example: 900 = nou sute nine hundred
5.000; 700; 13.000; 100.000; 200.000; 600; 500; 3.000; 10.000; 6.000
III. Write the numbers in words:
Example: 9.000.000 = nou milioane nine million
5.000.000;
25.000.000;
7.000.000.000;
13.000.000;
200.000.000.000; 600.000.000; 5.000.000.000; 3.000.000;
6.000.000
8.000.000;
10.000.000;
FOLLOW UP 1
1.Write the days of the week.
2. Write down in letters the following numerals:
12
40
11
15
50
13
80
37
43
19
99
54
46
70
17
41
18
26
92
14
cat
boy
schoolbag
three
pencil
copybook
one
desk nine grandfather eleven
Family
School objects
dog mother
blackboard
cow
seven
pig
eight
father two
girl brother book boy;
Numbers
Animals
CONVERSATION 1
I. Let's great, introduce people and ask someone's age!
Jim:Hi, I'm Jim Simson
Tom: Hello, I'm Tom Blade. Glad to meet you!
Jim:Glad to meet you, too! This is Susan, my sister. And that is Victor, my elder brother.We all go to this
Drama School.
Tom:Really? It means we are schoolmates. I go to this Drama School, too!
Jim:How nice! By the way, I'm twelve. How old are you?
Tom:I'm twelve, too! Oh, sorry, here comes my mum. Mum, this is Jim Simson.
Mum:Hello, Jim. Nice to meet you. I'm Helen Blade!
Jim:How do you do, Mrs Blade!
Tom:Well, Jim see you at noon! Bye!
Jim:OK, Tom. Bye!
Exercise 1.Multiple Choice Questions.
a)Hello,I'm Jim
1.Hi,I'm Jack.
2.Hello,this is Jack
b)Nice to meet you!
1.How are you?
2.Nice to meet you,too!
c)How old are you?
1.I have twelve.
2.I'm twelve.
8
terminaia es se adaug la sfritul verbelor terminate in: -o, -ch, -th, -sh, -ss, -z.
She goes to school from Monday to Friday.
10
read
come
run
cook
smoke
drink
stand
fetch
start
fix
touch
live
watch
miss
wish
rush
write
buy
carry
copy
enjoy
fry
marry
play
study
try
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1. Write the ING FORM of these verbs.
Break
clean
wash
live
Come
die
enjoy
go
Make
play
sing
jump
Write
start
get
feel
Begin
put
hit
rain
Rob
shop
dream
sleep
Shout
sit
stand
talk
Turn
open
visit
forget
2. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the present continuous tense
1. John and I ...................................... (stay) in a beautiful hotel.
2. Kevin .......................................... (work) at home today.
3. I ...................................... (wait) for a very important letter.
4. You ...................................... (walk) too fast.
5. We ........................................... (plan) our next holiday.
6. The girls ............................................ (visit) their grandmother today.
7. She ....................................... (read) in her bedroom at the moment.
8. The baby ...................................... (learn) how to walk.
3. Rewrite the sentences in the negative. Use the present continuous
1. They .......................................... (buy) a new car.
2. He ............................................... (learn) to read.
3. I .................................................. ( look) for your keys.
4. We ............................................... (sell) the house.
5. They ........................................ (drink) tea.
6. You ....................................... (work) very hard.
7. Jack and Jill ....................................... (run) downhill.
8. I ....................................... (go) home now.
12
It / rain?
You / learn / French / at school?
I /speak / clearly?
Angela and Fred / dance / together?
The plane / land/ now?
The Smiths / plan / a party?
The children / study / in their bedroon?
Chris / wave/ at us?
Exercitii cu Present Simple si Present Continuous
I understand you.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
I trust my friend.
10.
3.
Eu nu studiez seara.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Ce carte citesti?
10.
11.
12.
Cui ii telefonezi?
13.
14.
De ce deschizi fereastra?
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
S + VII
I danced at the party yesterday.
15
Forma interogativ:
Did + S + VI ?
Did Mary tell her father about the party last week?
Forma negativ:
Aciuni progresive care sunt n desfurare de-a lungul unei perioade de timp specificate din trecut.
She was shopping between 3 oclock anf four.
Forma afirmativ:
S + was/were + V-ing.
I was dancing when he came in.
Forma interogativ:
Was/Were + S + V-ing ?
Was Mary doing her homework when you arrived?
Forma negativ:
PRACTICE 1
1.Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii la Past Tense Simple:
1. I sleep until 9 oclock every day.
2. He meets John on Sundays.
3. You speak English well.
4. You drink too much.
5. You ask too many questions.
6. I play football.
16
PAST TENSES II
I. Write the following sentences in the Past Tense.
Example: The dog (chase) the cat.
The dog chased the cat.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
a) When I (come) home, I (find) that the family (finish) dinner. I (sit) down (eat) mine,
which (be) still on the table. I had only just begun when the door-bell (ring). It (be) a friend of mine. I
(tell) him to wait until I (finish) eating. My mother (ask) him whether he (like) a cup of coffee. He (say)
he would rather (read) until I (be) ready.
b) One day while I (sit) in a caf, a man (come) over to my table and (ask) if he may (sit)
down for a few minutes. After we (speak) for some time, we (find) out that we once (meet) in Europe. He
said, "I (arrive) here two weeks ago and I yet (not make) up my mind whether or not to stay here." " If I
(be) you," I said, "I would learn the language as quickly as I (can) and then make a tour of the country. It
would be easier then to make up your mind."
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
V. Put the verbs in parentheses into the Past Simple or the Past Continuous and translate
(Scrie verbul din paranteze la trecut simplu sau continuu i tradu):
1. The ship (approach) _______________ Cape Town when the tornado (begin) _______________ .
2. The bomb (go) _______________ off when the president (give) _______________ a speech.
3. He (not hear) ________________ the bell because the radio (play) _______________ .
4. When I (get) ________________ home everybody (dance) _______________ .
5. The plane (catch) _______________ fire when it (take) ________________ of.
6. Tim (crash) _______________ into a street light because he (drive) _______________ too fast.
VI. Turn the following into the interrogative and negative (Transform urmtoarele
propoziii n propoziii interogative i negative):
1. The children were laughing. 2. The man was waiting. 3. I was translating the text. 4. You were looking
at the picture. 5. The girl was coming home. 6. I was learning a poem. 7. The boys were drawing red cars.
8. Mother was making the bed. 9. You were leaving the office. 10. We were buying fresh fruit.
VII. Translate into English (Tradu n limba englez):
1. Cnd am plecat de la poliie John i soia lui nc mai vorbeau cu un poliist.
19
2. Ce se ntmpla n casa ta cnd am trecut pe la tine ieri sear? Am sunat la u dar nu mi-a rspuns
nimeni, dei se auzea muzic nuntru.
3. I-am pus aceast ntrebare de cteva ori, dar el nu m-a auzit fiindc citea ziarul.
4. Eu nc dormeam cnd a venit stewardesa s ne spunem c trecem peste Himalaya.
5. Nu ne-am dus la teatru ieri deoarece nite prieteni de-ai notri veneau pe la ora apte.
TEST PAPER 1
I. Put in the verbs in brackets in the Simple Present or the Present Progressive.
Example: Steve always ____ his bike in the afternoon. (to ride)
Answer: Steve always rides his bike in the afternoon.
1) Andy sometimes comics. (to read)
2) We never TV in the morning. (to watch)
3) Listen! Sandy in the bathroom. (to sing)
4) My sister usually in the kitchen. (to help)
5) My mother breakfast now. (to make)
6) They often the bathroom. (to clean)
7) Look! The boys home. (to come)
8) Every day his grandfather for a walk. (to go)
9) I with my friend at the moment. (to chat)
10) Cats mice. (to eat)
II. Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses
1. Every Monday, Sally (drive) her kids to football practice.
2. Usually, I (work) as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I (study) French at a language school in Paris.
That is why I am in Paris.
3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John (sleep) .
4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It (rain).
5. I hate living in Seattle because it (rain, always).
6. I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) because everybody (talk) so loudly.
7. Justin (write, currently) a book about his adventures in Tibet. I hope he can find a good publisher when
he is finished.
8. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?
20
Denise: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I (go) to a movie tonight with some friends.
9. The business cards (be, normally ) printed by a company in New York. Their prices (be) inexpensive,
yet the quality of their work is quite good.
10. This delicious chocolate (be) made by a small chocolatier in Zurich, Switzerland.
III.
Nicks father
1. Nicks father (work) in London.
2. His office (be: am/is /are ) in a big building.
3. Every morning he (get up) at six oclock.
4. He (wash) in cold water.
5. He (eat) eggs and toast for breakfast.
6. He (drink) orange juice for breakfast.
7. He (put on) his jeans and jacket.
8. Then he (run) to the railway station.
9. He always (take) his umbrella.
10. He (buy) a newspaper and (read) it on the train.
11. In the evening he (come) back home at five oclock.
12. After dinner he sometimes (watch) television.
13. He never (go) to the cinema.
IV. Write the past forms of the following verbs:
To walk
To help
To laugh
To cross
To wash
To watch
To rob
To jog
To call
To enjoy
To live
To stay
To invite
To visit
To decide
READING COMPREHENSION
Meet Arnold Palmerstone
the most boring man on earth
AHello there. My name is Arnold Palmerstone, and I work in a bank. I live in a small bungalow in Norwich
with my wife Deirdre and our two daughters, Florence (who is eight) and Prudence (who is six). I get up
every morning at six oclock and do my daily exercises before breakfast. I like to keep fit because my job
at the bank is very difficult and requires a lot of energy.
1.
Where do I live?
a) Norwich
b)
Northampton
2.
What is my wife called?
a) Darlene
b)
Deidre
3.
c)
c)
Deborah
BI have breakfast at six thirty with my wife, and I always say good morning to my daughters before I go
to work. We have two cars - a bright red Mini and a blue Volkswagon Polo. My wife drives the Polo and I
go to work in the Mini. My wife is a teacher in a primary school, which is about fifteen miles away.
Florence and Prudence both go to the same school as her, so they can all travel together - which is nice.
1.
c)
At six forty
2.
c)
Red
CIt takes a long time to get to work. The traffic in Norwich is terrible! I hate traffic jams because you have
to drive so slowly. Driving to work is so boring! When I get to work I hang up my coat on the usual hook
and go into the staff canteen to make a cup of tea. I usually see my friends Rodney and Penelope in there
and we chat about the weather. Rodney is a Customer Services Assistant and Penelope is one of our
managers.
1.
a) Fifty five
23
b) Fifty
c) Fifteen
2.
My wife cant cook. True or false?
a) True
b) False - shes a wonderful cook
I work in a supermarket
My daughters are called Florence and Prudence
My wife teaches in a school which is about ten miles away
It takes a long time to get to work
My friends at work are called Jeremy and Penelope
Penelope is a Customer Services Assistant
I work in a small office with four other people
Im quite a shy person
Brenda is fifty years old
I have my tea at six thirty every evening
1.
Your father
2.
You
3.
a doctor.
something on your hair.
you at home?
4.
5.
they friends?
6.
7.
8.
he a farmer?
9.
We
24
10.
This animal
black eyes.
11.
They
12.
The teacher
13.
The boys
14.
She
15.
Jerry
16.
17.
It
a white rose.
18.
a big living-room.
19.
Doris
a beautiful girl. She has won beauty contests.
20.
Doris
a lovely garden.
a yellow book.
a tennis match on Saturday.
two apples.
a beautiful dress.
HAVE / HAS
Exercise 1
Fill in with have or has in the following sentences
1 The boy
a ball.
2. My sister
a boyfriend.
3. I
two sisters. They
blond hair.
4. My brother
a red car. It
four doors.
5. This house
a very big garden.
6. The boys
an important test tomorrow.
7. My cat
a long tail.
8. The book
a nice cover.
9. We
good news for you
10. You
a nice voice.
Exercise 2
Lets see what we have :
1. I
two legs.
2. You
small ears.
3. She
long , blond hair.
4. It
long legs.
5. He
blue eyes.
6. We
two arms.
25
Exercise 3
Choose have or has.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1. Ben have/ has one brother. His brother have/has black hair.
2. Mother and father have/has good children.
3. Keren have /has a white dress.
4. Father have /has a small car.
5. My dog have/has long ears.
6. It have/has a short tail.
7. The girls have/has a show soon.
Exercise 5
Choose have or has
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Most teenagers
at least one hobby.
I
one brother and one sister.
It is better to
one bird in your hand than two on a tree.
Do you
the new Eminem album ?
Sharon
two cousins in Paris.
I
no idea what he is talking about.
My brother
a new girlfriend.
We usually
a lot of homework in English.
The baby
high fever . Im calling the doctor.
My mom cant help me today. She
a lot of work.
Exercise 6
Write correct sentences in the box. Add have or has.
1. Mrs. Cohen / a dog
2. We / a test
3. They / a big house
4. She / green eyes
5. Ron / a fat cat
6. The boy / many toys
7. Sami / a new camera.
8. The house / many rooms.
9. My dog / new puppies
10. Jenny and I / good news.
Exercise 7
Fill in have or has
My name is Norman. I have /has one brother and one sister. My parents have/has a new car.
The car have/has four doors. It have/has a new radio with a CD player.
My brother have/has his driving license. He have/has a girlfriend so he takes her in our new car. I only
have/has a bike. I hope I will have/has a car when I grow up.
26
TO BE
Exercise 1
Choose the correct form am , is or are.
1 The teenagers ( am , is , are) talking about their hobbies.
2 I ( am , is , are) from Holland.
3 That woman ( am , is , are) Turkish.
4 The weather in Israel ( am , is , are) pleasant.
5 His hobby ( am , is , are) very interesting . He builds model cars.
6 We ( am , is , are) in the same class.
7 The children and I ( am , is , are) watching a nice film.
8 I ( am , is , are) very happy to be with you.
9 Miko ( am , is , are) from Japan. She ( am , is , are ) Japanese.
10 Mrs. Carmeli ( am , is , are) our Geography teacher.
11 Her lessons ( am , is , are) very interesting.
12 Ramis brother ( am , is , are) seventeen years old.
Exercise 2
Fill in with am , is , are .
1. Mr. Cohen
a cook. Mrs. Cohen
a cashier in a supermarket.
2. Anat and Rachel
not sisters . They
friends.
3.Rami
not a good basketball player but he
a good swimmer.
4. Shula Carmel
not at work today. She
sick.
5. Rami said : I
very tall and very thin , I can play basketball in a team.
6. David
Ramis brother. He
14 years old. David and Rami
good friends. I live in their building. I
their neighbor. David and I
also in the same class.
7. Ramis sisters Anat and Yael
pupils in Gordon School. Anat
good at
sports and Yael
good in English. They
both good at home when they sleep ...
8. Mr. and Mrs. Cohen
from the USA. They
new immigrants.
9.
Rami from the USA too ? No , he
not. He was born in Israel.
10. My cat
too fat. I think it needs a diet plan.
Exercise 3
Choose : he , she , it , we , they
Moti and I Rinat The window My teacher My car Rami David and Ron Lisa My mother My dog Exercise 4
Fill in : am , is , are
27
My name
Ron. I
in Junior High School. My school
nice and big. I have
many friends in my class. They
good friends.
My teacher
nice. She
tall and blonde and she has a nice smile . We like
her. We
always quiet in her lessons.
Exercise 5
Make sentences - put the words in the correct order.
1 happy. / is / She
2 are / late. /We
3 in the classroom. / I / am
4 She / a nice girl. / is
5 is / a good football player. / He
AUXILIARY FOLLOW UP
Choose the correct answer:
1. My dog have /has a long tail.
2. The coffee have/has milk in it.
3. They have/has the correct answer.
4. The flag of Israel have/has a star on it.
5. I never have/has a clean room.
6. The house have /has a lot of furniture.
7. The water have/has a bad taste.
Fill in the blanks with: have / has
1. We
beautiful flowers in our garden.
2. Jane
five new English books.
3. I
4. They
5. My sister
6. My father
7. Sandra and I
8. My mother
9. Orit
10. You
11. I
12. Robert
a tall brother.
blue eyes.
two pen pals in Australia.
a lot of money .
short blond hair .
19. They
birthday in April .
30
Use >a< or >an<. Write the correct forms of the indefinte articles into the gaps.
Example: We read __ book. Answer: We read a book.
1) Lucy has
dog.
2) Let's sing
song.
3) Emily needs
new desk in her room.
4) I need
blue pen.
5) Ben has
old bike.
6) Peter has
aunt in Berlin.
7) We listen to
English CD.
8) She has
exercise book in her school bag.
9) The speed of this car was 160 miles
hour.
10) They finished
unit.
Use >a< or >an<. Write the correct forms of the indefinte articles into the gaps.
Example: We read __ book. Answer: We read a book.
1) There is
new English book on the desk.
2) She's reading
old comic.
3) They've got
idea.
4) He is drinking
cup of coffee.
5) The girl is
pilot.
6) Leipzig has
airport.
7) This is
expensive bike.
8) Look! There's
bird flying.
9) My father is
honest person.
10) My friend likes to be
astronaut.
Which article a or an can be put before the following words or phrases? Write the words or phrases
into the correct column.
English book, umbrella, animal, son, pet, order, daughter, American band, book, blue pencil
31
an
32
door
finger
knee
church
tractor
insect
girl
ear
dress
colour
letter
alarm-clock
flag
curtain
afternoon
woman
umbrella
newspaper
rubber
tape
hour
record
angry lion
flower
friend
easy question
morning
school
33
Select a or an
I have got
She has got
big shirt.
What
orange ribbon.
Give me
old man!
pencil, please.
I'm
Swedish girl.
I can see
yellow car.
He is
English boy.
There is
cat.
34
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
35
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
36
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
37
SIMPLE PRESENT
I. What's the best word to complete the sentence?
1. My life is so boring -- I just ________
TV every night.
A. ? watch
B.
watchies
C.
watches
pass
B.
passies
C.
passes
A.
fry
A.
close
B.
frys
B.
closies
C.
fries
C.
closes
try
B.
trys
C.
tries
A.
fly
B.
flys
C.
flies
4. I ________ in a bank.
A.
work
A.
write
B.
works
B.
writies
C.
workes
C.
writes
rain
B.
rains
C.
raines
A.
live
B.
lives
C.
livees
a. boil
b. boils
4. I always ___ the window at night
because it is cold.
a. close
b. closes
38
III. Fill in all the gaps, with the words in the box.
brush
comb
dry
eat
get dressed
get up
go
have
make
pick up
put on
rings
wake up
wear
Every weekday morning I as soon as my alarm . . After 10 minutes
I and go to the bathroom. I a shower, my teeth and
.. my hair. After my shower I .. myself with a big towel and go back to the
bedroom.
In the bedroom I . my makeup and ., I sometimes ..
trousers and a blouse or top with sandals or shoes. Next I usually go to the kitchen and
. myself a cup of tea, although I sometimes drink coffee instead of tea. For breakfast I
often .. cornflakes, toast and marmalade and a piece of fruit. After breakfast I
my car keys and .. to work.
IV. Use the verb in brackets to fill the gaps.
Affirmative sentences.
Questions.
11 ________ you play tennis?
12 ________ Carol drive?
13 ________ they do the shopping
together?
14 ________ dogs eat fish?
15 What________ it do?
V. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb:
1. They ....... (live) in our town.
2. We ........ (go) to church every week.
3. He ....... (shave) every day.
4. He ....... (like) Maths but he ....... (not like) German.
5. My sister never .......... (lie).
6. Her father ........... (snore).
7. My brother .......... winter sports (enjoy).
VI. Turn the following sentences into the a. interrogative b. negative:
1. We live in a big house.
2. Tom jumps high.
3. You dig vegetables in the garden.
4. It rains in the city.
5. My father is an engineer.
6. Diane is a heavy smoker.
7. The earth moves round the moon.
VII. Work on the model:
Model She / play / chess very well. (She plays chess very well.)
1. Oliver / teach / geography.
2. His sister / live / in London.
3. The sun / rise / in the east.
4. I / always / get up at 7 a.m.
5. My brother / goes / to college / in Rome.
6. The cat / catch / the mouse / easily.
7. The eagle / usually / fly / high.
8. She / drink / coffe / every morning.
VIII. Answer the following questions:
1. Whats your name?
2. How old are you?
3. Where does the sun rise?
4. Where does sun set?
5. How do you do?
6. What kind of shoes do you like?
7. What time do you get up?
8. Do you play tennis?
9. What planets move round the sun?
10. What time do you go to sleep?
40
THE PRONOUN
Pronouns (Personal, Possessive, Relative and Reflexive Pronouns)
Personal Pronouns
subject form
object form
possessive adjective
possessive pronoun
me
my
mine
myself
you
you
your
yours
yourself
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
itself
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
41
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
bike.
boat.
apple.
skateboard.
dog.
dad.
C. Fill in the gaps with the corresponding pronoun or adjective form from the above table.
- Sheila is an English girl. .. is walking with Peter and talking to .
- Ann and James are speaking to teachers, because have some
questions for .
- Jack's friends are in classs. These books are .
- We have a very light classroom; classroom is on the second floor.
- Claire has two dogs; dogs like playing very much.
- How old are . ? I am 15 years old.
- Can I borrow rubber? Yes, here .. are.
- That bike over there is . .
D. Fill in the correct personal pronoun
I - you - he - she - it - we - you - they
1. My name is Andrea. . am 10 years old.
2. Pedro and Pablo are my friends. . are from Mexico.
3. Pedro and Pablo look alike and most people ask them, "Are twins?"
4. Pedro and I like to play tennis. .. play at the club.
5. Pablo likes to play football. . plays with his neighbours.
42
a lot.
back.
a lot of homework.
Jimmie can't put the tins on the shelf. Can you help
"Richie".
Rich! I don't like it.
(Bob) a comic.
I eat
I want to fry
I invited
(Caroline) to my party.
. (uncle George)
(this word) in English?
? (the rainbow)
Me & To Me
Q2 - She sent a letter _____.
them
to them
Q4 - He sent ____ a letter.
me
to me
Q6 - Post it _____ as soon as you can, please.
44
us
to us
Q7 - Ayed recommended it ____.
me
to me
Q9 - She wrote a nice letter_____.
me
to me
me
to me
Q8 - He wrote _____ a very rude letter.
me
to me
Q10 - Listen ____.
me
to me
Object Pronoun or Reflexive Pronoun?
Q1 - I hurt ____ playing football.
Q2 - She hurt ____.
me
him
myself
himself
Q3 - I cut ____ shaving.
Q4 - Do you mind if I take ____ home now?
me
me
myself
myself
Q5 - I helped ____ to some food.
Q6 - I wanted to do it ____.
me
me
myself
myself
Q7 - He's so ill he can't dress ____.
Q8 - She took it upon ____ to organize everything.
him
her
himself
herself
Q9 - The decision is fine by ____.
Q10 - He helped ____ do it.
me
me
myself
myself
Possessive and Reflexive Pronouns
Q1 - It's ____ party.
Q2 - He hurt ____.
my
his
mine
himself
Q3 - She did it ____.
Q4 - He took it from ____ room.
hers
my
herself
myself
Either could be used here.
Q5 - I didn't believe ____ story.
Q6 - I saw it with ____ own eyes.
her
my
hers
mine
myself
Q7 - No one would help us, so we had to do it ____. Q8 - Someone took it while ___ were asleep.
us
ourselves
ourself
we
ourselves
Q9 - He'll just have to do it ____.
Q10 - It's not ____ problem.
him
our
himself
ours
Q11 - I don't think it's____.
Q12 - Be careful or you'll hurt ____!
mine
yourself
my
yourselves
myself
Either could be used here.
Q13 - It's ____ not mine.
Q14 - She didn't do ____ best.
her
her
hers
hers
herself
herself
Pronouns
Q1 - Give that to ____.
Q2 - Did she see ___?
I
us
me
we
Q3 - Did you phone ____?
Q4 - I took it from ____.
45
she
they
her
them
herself
Q5 - It's not up to ____.
Q6 - My sister and ____ went there.
we
I
us
me
Q7 - Between you and ____, I think it's a stupid idea. Q8 - ____ is the white one.
I
Mine
me
My
Q9 - What did ____ say about it?
Q10 - They said ____ had to pay for it.
them
us
they
we
Q11 - I told ____ to be here at three o'clock.
Q12 - What did ____ want?
he
her
him
she
Q13 - Tell ____ what happened.
Q14 - If ____ have time, it should be OK.
I
us
me
we
Q15 - It's got nothing to do with ____.
Q16 - I took ____ both.
you and me
it
you and I
they
its
them
Subject and Object Pronouns
Q1 - I saw ____.
Q2 - Give it to ____.
her
they
she
them
Q3 - She kissed ____.
Q4 - He took ____.
he
it
him
them
Either could be used here.
Q5 - Did anyone see ____?
Q6 - _____ arrived on time.
us
Them
we
They
Either could be used here.
Either could be used here.
Q7 - What did ____ say?
Q8 - She's faster than ____ am.
her
me
she
I
Either could be used here
Q9 - I saw you and ____ there.
Q10 - Between you and ____, I really didn't like it.
she
me
her
I
Q11 - My brother and ____ went there.
Q12 - He gave it to me and ____.
I
she
we
her
me
They, Them, Their & Theirs
Q1 - It took ____ an hour to get to work.
Q2 - You take our books and I'll take ____.
they
their
them
theirs
Q3 - I am angry with both of ____.
Q4 - Do you know ____?
they
they
their
them
them
Q5 - Are ____ coming?
Q6 - It was very kind of ____ to help.
46
they
their
Q7 - Did ____ speak to you?
they
them
Q9 - Have ____ been invited?
they
their
them
they
their
them
Q8 - Did you speak to ____?
they
them
Q10 - Ask ____.
them
they
47
FOLLOW UP 2
auxiliaries
Have/ Has:
1.- My parents
2.- I
3.- My father
4.- My brother
5.- They
6.- This woman
7.- We
8.- They
9.- My cousin
a new girlfriend.
11.- You
a different name.
48
12.- My teacher
glasses.
To Be or To Have?
1. Meet Ben and Penny. They
brother and sister.
2. Ben
eleven and Penny
eight years old.
3. She
4.
They
5. Penny
6. Ben
in the house.
in the garden.
3. The woman
behind a tree.
Kevin.
5. Carol and I
friends.
6. It
black.
7. My name
Bob.
8. They
nice girls.
9. The children
in the shop.
10. He
a teacher.
11. We
hungry.
very happy.
7. They
4. I
short hair.
at school.
tired.
49
a ball.
PRONOUNS
quiz
Pronouns Make a choice.
1. Despite her parents complaints, she decided to
live by ___ in New York City.
her
herself
2. If you happen to see your parents this
weekend, give ___ my best regards.
him
her
them
3. I can't understand ___ when she speaks
German with ___ .
her, me
him, me
4. He should be ashamed of ___ .
himself
him
5. Mary was worried about the children, so she
convinced ___ husband not to accept the job
abroad.
his
her
6. We came across a friend of ___ at the mall
yesterday.
ours
us
7. I can't find ___ pencil. Can I use ___ , Mary?
my, yours
mine, your
8. I cut ___ when I was peeling the potatoes.
me
myself
9. This house is too expensive for ___ . We can't
pay such a high rent.
us
we
10. Each plan has ___ merits.
it
its
11. He ___ said so.
hisself
50
himself
12. I do my work and they do ___ .
their
theirs
13. Give it back to ___ . It's ___.
me, mine
me, my
51
Which object form of the personal pronoun can substitute the underlined phrase in the sentence?
1) The teacher always gives the students homework.
me
them
you
2) I am reading the book to my little sister.
her
us
him
3) The boys are riding their bikes.
it
them
her
4) My father is writing a letter to John.
me
her
him
5) I don't know the answer.
she
her
it
6) Sally is going to Anne.
her
him
me
7) Open the window, please.
it
them
us
8) Can you tell the people the way to the airport, please?
you
them
us
9) The books are for Peter.
him
her
you
10) Can you help my sister and me, please?
her
me
us
52
Personal pronouns
Use the correct personal pronouns. Watch the words in brackets.
Example: ___ often reads books. (Lisa) Answer: She often reads books.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10) Have
is dreaming. (George)
is green. (the blackboard)
are on the wall. (the posters)
is running. (the dog)
are watching TV. (my mother and I)
are in the garden. (the flowers)
is riding his bike. (Tom)
is from Bristol. (Victoria)
has got a brother. (Diana)
got a computer, Mandy?
53
NUMERALS
follow up
54
10
11
12
13
14
15
Across
1) 33
3) 90
5) 80
7) 18
9) 24
10) 22
11) 13
13) 15
14) 4
15) 70
Down
1) 32
2) 8
4) 19
6) 55
8) 44
9) 40
12) 5
55
Write the date into the gaps the way it is spoken in English. Look at the example. Write the numbers in
words.
Example: 11 Nov _________________Answer: the eleventh of November or November the eleventh
22 Nov
1-Jan
12-Jul
5-Sep
21-Mar
4 - Oct
2-Apr
20-Jun
3-May
9 -Feb
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Numbers 1 to 12
1
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
Across
3) 6
5) 4
6) 11
8) 1
11) 12
Down
1) 2
2) 3
3) 7
4) 10
7) 8
9) 9
10) 5
56
Cardinals or Ordinals?
twenty-ninth, twenty-sixth, thirty-five, twenty-one, thirty-two, twenty, thirtieth, thirteenth, twentytwo, sixth
57
Write down the dates in the way we say them. Keep in mind that some words need to be capitalized.
(day/month/year)
11/08/1972
14/12/1963
28/10/1956
24/04/2002
15/03/1848
25/09/2003
30/11/1598
02/07/1910
01/05/1983
23/09/1979
58
QUIZ
Put in the right words.
I your his he her them my you him she you it us their your we its they our you
you her it me
1. Look at that old lady. .. 's looking for . dog. Let's help
. .
2. What about you, Timmy? Are .. looking for . brother? He's
behind .
3. Oh, look, that's Kevin over there. . 's carrying .. kite. Perhaps we
can play with . .
4. Hey, ..
. .
two,
is
that
..
dog?
It's
running
after
5. Oh, look, five little ducks on the water. 're swimming behind
. mother. Can you see ?
6. Yes, but look. There is another little duck. .. is swimming behind .
father. Can you see .. ?
2 February
16 August
11 May
25 December
31 July
Dates in English
1. August 3rd 1996
2. November 2nd 1985
3. July 31st 1979
4. January 13th 1990
5. April 6th 1858
6. February 28th 1975
7. July 4th 1783
8. December 25th 2001
9. 1914
10. 1759
11. 1978
12. 1657
13. 1576
14. 1468
15. 1369
16. 1496
SIMPLE PRESENT
follow up
I. Scrieti verbul din paranteze la timpul prezent simplu (Present Tense), in acord cu subiectul.
1. I ___ (to swim)
2. You ___ (to swim)
3. We ___ (to walk)
4. He ___ (to walk)
5. They ___ (to sing)
6. She ___ (to read)
7. It ___ here (to be)
8. My father ___ here. (to come)
9. The birds ___ fast. (to fly)
10. The eagle __ very high. (to fly)
11. You ___ at the theater. (to be)
12. He ___ two books. (to have)
13. She ___ good things. (to do)
14. I ___ a student. (to be)
15. You ___ a blue shirt. (to have)
16. I ___ to live peacefully. (to choose )
II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the verb given in the brackets.
1. I usually (get up) at 6 am.
2. She . (be) from Germany.
61
62
a)learn
b)learns
c)learning
c)thinking
Tom
We
He
They
YouEnglish
home
in the park
visit
hear
French
in Talpos
in small houses
tennis
football
64
lesson
play
at
learn live
a song
the call
the
sing
speak go
1.____________________________________________________________________________________
_
2.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
IX. Make up true sentences about yourselves using Present Tense Simple: (Faceti propoziii
adevarate despre voi, folosind timpul present simplu:)
1.
____________________________________________________________________________________
2.
____________________________________________________________________________________
3.
____________________________________________________________________________________
4.
____________________________________________________________________________________
5.
____________________________________________________________________________________
6.
____________________________________________________________________________________
7.
____________________________________________________________________________________
8.
____________________________________________________________________________________
9.
____________________________________________________________________________________
65
PRESENT SIMPLE
- homework Fill in the present tense.
1. My parents often westerns. (watch)
2. They hungry. (be)
3. Mum all the dirty clothes. (wash)
4. Peter got a brother. (have)
5. Dad a new car. (buy)
6. The boys football. (play)
7. In summer it hot. (be)
8. I good at school. (be)
9. On Friday we always our piano lesson. (have)
10. Mary her homework. (do)
11. Richard TV. (watch)
12. I big cities. (like)
13. He in the library. (study)
14. She always to work at 7. (go)
66
68
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
exercises
Exercise 1: Put the verb in brackets in the correct form to make different form of the Present
Continuous Tense.
1. John (read) a book now.
2. What (you do) tonight?
3. Jack and Peter (work) late today.
4. Silvia (not listen) to music.
5. Maria (sit) next to Paul.
6. How many other students (you study) with?
7. The phone (not ring).
Exercise2: Whats the right order?
1 for looking my I'm glasses.
2 What book kind of are you reading?
3 Why Pamela is crying?
4 Kharkov Paul National University. studying is economics at
5 Why is laughing? everyone
6 me? you Are for waiting
7 leaving? you When are
8 the Arabia working in John Saudi at is moment.
9 you? as Jennifer for the same company Is working
69
2.
The
cat________
____
____
____
under
the
tree.
(to
3.
Andy
and
Joe________
____
____
____
__home.
(to
4.
I_________
____
____
___on
the
sofa.
(to
5.
The
dog_______
____
____
____
____on
the
floor.
(to
6.
Robert
and
Mark______
____
____
____
____
_letters.
(to
7.
They________
____
____
__to
the
radio.
(to
8. My mother________ ____ ____ ____ ___breakfast at the moment. (to
9.
We_______
____
____
____
____
___the
grass.
(to
10. The sun______ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____. (to shine)
hide)
come)
sit)
lie)
write)
listen)
make)
cut)
B. ? is hating
3. Once a week, I ________ to an art
class at the college.
A. ? go
B. ? am going
4. Marie-Claude isn't a Canadian. I
________ she comes from France.
71
A. ? believe
B. ? am believing
5. I ________ to Toronto next Thursday.
Do you want to come?
A. ? go
B. ? am going
6. I ________ lunch in the cafeteria
every day.
A. ? have
B. ? am having
7. Salman is rich he ________ a
Mercedes.
A. ? drives
B. ? is driving
8. Look! Junko ________ into the water.
A. ? jumps
B. ? is jumping
9. It ________ quite hard perhaps we
shouldn't go out tonight.
A. ? snows
B. ? is snowing
10. I ________ you're crazy!
A. ? think
B. ? am thinking
Put the verb in brackets in the correct form (present simple or present continuous).
Next week, my friends and I (go) camping in the woods. I (organize) the food, because I (like)
cooking. Dave (have) a big car with a trailer, so he (plan) the transportation. Sam (bring) the tent
he (go) camping every year, so he (have) a great tent and lots of other equipment. My wife
(think) we're crazy. She (like) holidays in comfortable hotels, so she (take) a trip to Paris instead.
TESTS
TEST 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
Form
Write the verbs in Present Progressive.
speak I
jump you
bake she
play they
run we
Write the verbs in Simple Present, 3rd person singular.
be it
have he
eat she
can he
wash she
Positive sentences
Complete the sentences. Use Simple Present or Present Progressive.
Look! They (leave) the house.
Brian (cycle) 30 km every day.
Samantha (do) her homework at the moment.
My parents (shop) right now.
He usually (get up) early in the morning.
Negative sentences
Complete the sentences. Use Simple Present or Present Progressive.
You (see / not) her every day.
The baby (sleep / not) at the moment.
I (read / not) a book now.
72
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
TEST 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
Form
Present Progressive
Write the ing-form of the following verbs.
walk make wash lie stop Simple Present
Write the verbs in Simple Present, 3rd person singular.
write she
kiss he
must she
laugh she
go he
Positive sentences
Complete the sentences. Use Simple Present or Present Progressive.
The lesson (start) at 9 o'clock.
He often (wear) a black cap.
I (meet) my friends in the youth club tonight.
My friend (move) house tomorrow.
My birthday (be) in September.
Negative sentences
Complete the sentences. Use Simple Present or Present Progressive.
She (not / ride) her bike right now.
73
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
TEST 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Form
Present Progressive
Write the ing-form of the following verbs.
fly book hit take lie Simple Present
Write the 3rd person singular of the following verbs (in Simple Present).
do he
worry she
play she
watch he
might she
Positive sentences
Complete the sentences. Use Simple Present or Present Progressive.
We (help) in the canteen this week.
Martin usually (drive) to work.
But today, he (take) the bus.
Listen! She (practise) the piano.
74
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
75
MODALS 1
CAN / COULD
Can este folosit pentru toate persoanele la indicativ prezent. Could este folosit pentru toate persoanele la
Past Tense.
Can/could poate exprima:
1) capacitatea (fizic sau intelectual) de efectuare a unei aciuni:
Tom can speak three foreign languages. Tom tie trei limbi strine.
I could run faster than you last year. Puteam s alerg mai repede dect tine anul trecut.
Can exprimnd capacitatea fizic sau intelectual (ability) este nlocuit de be able to/be capable of/know
how to.
2) Can este folosit pentru a exprima permisiunea, ca o alternativ a lui many n exprimarea familiar: A:
Can I borrow your umbrella ? B: Of course you can. Pot s iau umbrela ta ? Desigur.
Could este folosit pentru a exprima permisiunea n trecut: On Sundays we could stay in bed until ten
oclock. Duminic aveam voie s stm n pat pn la ora 10.
n acest sens, can/could poate fi nlocuit de be allowed to, be permitted to: On Sundays we were allowed
to stay in bed until ten oclock.
3) Posibilitatea datorit circumstanelor se exprim astfel:
Prezent: You can ski at Predeal now. There is enough snow.
Past Tense: We could ski at Predeal last year. There was enough snow.
Viitor: It will be possible for you to ski at Predeal, there will be plenty of snow in December.
You will be able to ski at Predeal, there will be plenty of snow in December.
4) Can/could sunt folosite pentru a exprima: o cerere, rugminte politicoas: Can you wait a few
moments?
Could este mai politicos dect can.
MAY/MIGHT
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PRACTICE
They (can/might)________________ be away for the weekend but I'm not sure.
Listen, please. You (may not/might not)________________ speak during this exam.
10
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11
12
13
Students (may/might)________________ study in the library from five to nine in the evening.
14
78
SIMPLE PAST
Write the verbs in past tense
1. clean
2. cook
11. play
12. read
3. dive
13. run
4. do
14. sit
5. drive
15. speak
6. eat
16. study
7. go
17. swim
8. hit
18. think
9. live
19. type
10. pay
Write what the people did yesterday
1.
You cook dinner every day.
2.
I clean my room after breakfast.
3.
4.
We live in Salacgriva.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
24.
17.
25.
18.
He lives in Latvia.
19.
26.
I have
countries.
20.
21.
22.
23.
You have a candle on the table at the
window.
some
friends
27.
28.
29.
30.
in
different
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(paragraph 2)
(paragraph 1)
(paragraph 2)
(paragraph 2)
(paragraph 4)
(paragraph 1)
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PAST CONTINUOUS
Write the ing form of the following verbs.
share
tidy
shut
dial
lie
live
stay
run
Complete the table in past progressive.
positive
negative
win
cycle
phone
fly
swim
chat
die
question
5.
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TENSE TEST 1
Present - simple or continuous
1. I (to play)football right now.
2. I (to play)football on Saturdays.
3. I (to play)football every Tuesday.
4. I (to learn) English at school (2 hours a week).
5. Maggy (to cook)in the kitchen now.
6. Maggy (to cook) for her grandmother on Sundays.
7. Billy (to love)Mary.
8. Billy (to like)Chinese food.
9. Billy's father (to jog)in the park today.
10. Nicholas (to read)a fantastic book, keep silent !
11. Erik (to want) to go outside.
12. Patrick (to play)on his computer this afternoon.
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13. Rupert (to eat) chicken wings at the moment: he is very hungry.
14. What (you /do) ?I'm sleeping.
Simple Past or Past Progressive
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
READING 1
The Education System in the UK
School in the UK is compulsory between the ages of five and sixteen. Children younger than five can go
to a toddler group (accompanied by a parent), playgroup or nursery school.
Compulsory schooling begins at the age of five. Pupils first attend primary school, which lasts for six
years. Often primary school in the UK is divided into infant school (the first two years) and junior school
(the following 4 years).
After primary school, students go to secondary school until they are sixteen (practical emphasis) or 18
(secondary school with 6th form - academic emphasis).
The school year consists of three terms. Students have about 12-13 weeks of holiday per school year.
When students in the UK say what year they are in, they usually use cardinal numbers, e. g. year ten.
(In the USA, students would use ordinal numbers, e. g. tenth grade.)
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Classes
At primary school, classes run Monday to Friday from about 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. There are usually between
25 and 35 pupils in one class. They primarily learn how to read, write and count. They also learn
something about their country and about religion and they begin to study their first foreign language.
At secondary school, classes also run Monday to Friday, but are usually from about 8.45 to 3.30. Typical
mandatory subjects are English, maths, natural sciences (biology, physics, chemistry), modern languages
(French, German, Spanish), religion, citizenship, physical education, information and communication
technology, geography and history. Apart from these, schools also offer optional courses from which their
students can choose. At the age of sixteen, students usually sit several exams and decide whether they
want to leave school or continue in a 6th form college.
Gifted and talented students can choose to enter for examinations early (one year or several terms) and
then take additional courses in these or other subjects.
Grading Scale
In the UK (as in other English speaking countries) letter grades are used in reports.
black shoes
At some schools, students are required to wear a shirt and a tie, other schools only require a t-shirt or
sweater. The colour of the uniform also depends on the school blazer, sweater, trousers and skirt are
usually blue, grey, green or brown.
Christmas in England
In English speaking countries, children dont get their presents on Christmas Eve (24 December). Santa
comes at night when everyone is asleep. Santas reindeer can fly and take him from house to house. They
land on the roofs of the houses and then Santa climbs down the chimney to leave the presents under the
Christmas tree.
In the morning of Christmas Day (25 December), children usually get up very early to unwrap their
presents. Then they have plenty of time to play with their new toys.
Christmas dinner is served in the early afternoon. Most people eat turkey and sprouts and a Christmas
pudding.
26 December is called Boxing Day. It hasnt always been a holiday. People used to go back to work on
that day where their bosses gave them little Christmas presents in small boxes. Thats why the day is
called Boxing Day.
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MODALS 2
SHALL/SHOULD
Shall este folosit:
1) pentru a exprima obligaie, n stil oficial - acte, regulamente, etc. la
persoana a II-a i a III-a: The seller shall supply the spare parts in due time.
Vnztorul va furniza piesele de schimb n timp util. (Vnztorul este obligat
s furnizeze piesele de schimb n timp util.)
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MUST / HAVE TO
Must este folsit la toate persoanele, la indicativul prezent i viitor.
Have to este folosit ca nlocuitor a lui must exprimnd obligaia, iar need este
folosit cu valoare de prezent i viitor, mai ales n propoziii negative i
interogative.
Must se folosete pentru a exprima:
1) obligaia: They must stop because the traffic light is red now.
Must exprimnd obligaia poate fi nlocuit de have to.
HAVE TO. ntre must i have to exist urmtoarele diferene de sens:
a) Must exprim o obligaie impus de ctre vorbitor, pe cnd have to
exprim o obligaie impus din exterior: I must go. (Its my decision). We
have to go. (The shop is closing).
b) Must exprim o obligaie important, urgent: I must be at the hospotal at
two. Its most important.
Have to exprim o obligaie obinuit, repetat (habitual obligation): I have
to be at the hospital at seven oclock every morning. I begin work ar seven.
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Prezent: You must stay in bed for a few days. Youve got flu. You have to stay
in bed when you have flu.
2)Forma must not (mustnt) exprim interdicia, sau un sfat la prezent sau
viitor: You must not move. You mustnt walk on the grass. You mustnt miss
that film, it is very good.
3) Must poate exprima i deducia logic: She must be at home. She left an
hour ago.
Deducia negativ se exprim cu ajutorul lui cannot/cant + infinitivul prezent
al verbului to be: She left ten minutes ago, she cant be at home now.
PRACTICE
1. Rewrite these sentences using must:
1. He is probably older than he looks. 2. It is probably very pleasant to live in
a mountain resort. 3. This is probably the best Romanian film of the year . 4.
Considering its being in great demand, it is probably a very good product.5.
He probably came home very early. 6. She is probably a very good doctor. 7.
So many people are speaking about it that it is probably a very good book. 8.
It probably took a long time to make this translation. 9. He probably thinks I
am wrong. 10. You probably left your umbrella in the shop.
2. Complete the sentences using the words listed in the box below. Some gaps may have more than one
correct answer:
can could have to must might should
1. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He be exhausted after such a long flight. He
prefer to stay in tonight and get some rest.
2. If you want to get a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you walk downtown and explore the
waterfront.
3. Hiking the trail to the peak be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes.
You research the route a little more before you attempt the ascent.
4. When you have a small child in the house, you leave small objects lying around. Such objects be
swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.
5. Dave: you hold your breath for more than a minute?
Nathan: No, I can't.
6. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It have cost a fortune.
7. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they don't get enough water, they die.
8. I speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Egypt. But after we moved back to
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Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I
just say a few things in the language.
9. The book is optional. My professor said we read it if we needed extra credit. But we read it if we
don't want to.
10. Leo: Where is the spatula? It be in this drawer but it's not here.
Nancy: I just did a load of dishes last night and they're still in the dish washer. It be in there. That's the
only other place it be.
11. You take your umbrella along with you today. The weatherman on the news said there's a storm
north of here and it rain later on this afternoon.
12. we pull over at the next rest stop? I really use the bathroom and I don't know if I hold it until
we get to Chicago.
13. Oh no! Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He . have left it here last night.
14. Ned: I borrow your lighter for a minute?
Stephen: Sure, no problem. Actually, you keep it if you want to. I've given up smoking.
15. I believe she said that to Megan! She insult her cooking in front of everyone at the party last
night. She have just said she was full or had some salad if she didn't like the meal.
16. Do you chew with your mouth open like that? Geez, it's making me sick watching you eat that
piece of pizza.
17. Mrs. Scarlett's body was found in the lounge just moments ago, and it's still warm! Nobody has left the
mansion this evening, so the killer be someone in this room. It be any one of us!!!
18. Ted: I don't know why Denise starting crying when I mentioned the wedding.
Pamela: It have been what you said about her brother. Or, perhaps she is just nervous. After all, the big
day is tomorrow.
19. you always say the first thing that pops into your head? you think once in a while before you
speak?
20. I was reading the book last night before I went to bed. I never took it out of this room. It be lying
around here somewhere. Where it be?
Complete the sentences using the words listed in the box below.
must have to
1. I be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably take a taxi if I want to be on time.
2. You submit the application if it has not been completely filled out. Check that the name, address, and
background information are correct. If the form is not accurate and complete, you will be rejected and you
will reapply at a later date.
3. Tina: Look at these flowers - they're beautiful! But, there's no card. Who could have sent them?
Stephanie: It have been David. He's the only one who would send you flowers.
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4. You forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time.
5. You be so rude! Why don't you try saying "please" once in a while.
6. If you are over 18 in California, you take a driver training course to get a driver's license. You can
have a friend or a family member teach you instead. But remember, you still get your permit before
you start practicing.
7. You be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a penny to their
name.
8. Ed: My car broke down in Death Valley last week. I have it towed more than a hundred miles to the
nearest mechanic.
Lilly: That have cost a fortune!
9. While hiking in Alaska, you keep an eye out for bears. If you see one, you approach it. They are
beautiful animals; however, they are wild and unpredictable in nature. You be afraid of them, but
educating yourself about the dangers can help keep you safe.
10. I go to work tomorrow because it is Memorial Day. The best thing about a day off from work is that
I get up at 6:00; I can sleep in till noon if I want to.
11. Yesterday, I cram all day for my French final. I didn't get to sleep until after midnight.
12. Nate: Oh no! I completely forgot we were supposed to pick Jenny up at the airport.
Barbara: She still be sitting there waiting for us.
13. Ingrid received a scholarship to Yale University which will cover 100% of the tuition. She . worry at
all about the increasing cost of education.
14. When I was a child my grandmother was continually correcting our manners. She always used to say,
"One eat with one's mouth open." Or, she would correct us by saying, "One rest one's elbows on the
table." And every time I wanted to leave the table, she would say, "One ask to be excused."
15. I've redone this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the answer
key. The answer in the book be wrong!
- follow up
Choose the present simple or the present continuous - it could be positive, negative or question
1) (you/come) tonight? .
2) (he/eat) rice every day?
3) I (work) at the moment.
4) (he/come) to London often? .
5) He (play) tennis now.
6) (you/come) to the cinema later?
7) They (not/come) to the party tomorrow.
8) He (not/play) golf now.
9) (play) tennis this Sunday?
10) They (go) to a restaurant every Saturday.
11) She (not/go) to the cinema very often.
12) You usually (arrive) late.
13) He normally (eat) dinner at home.
14) (you/study) every night?
15) (they/work) late usually?
16) You (not/go) out later.
17) I (not/work) tonight.
18) (she/work) at the moment?
19) I (not/drink) coffee very often.
20) Julie (sleep) now.
Whats the right option here?
1. When _____ (Mary / usually / get up)?
2. Tom _____ in London. (not / live)
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Choose the present simple or present continuous - it could be positive, negative or question
1) You (not/like) chocolate.
2) She (not/study) at the moment.
3) We often (go) to the cinema.
4) He usually (not/do) his homework.
5) They (not/eat) rice every day.
6) We (not/study) every night.
7) (you/like) spicy food?
8) (she/go) to Scotland often?
9) (he/eat) now?
10) We (go) to the cinema this weekend.
11) They (study) now.
12) I (clean) the kitchen every day.
13) She (work) every Sunday.
14) We (not/sleep) now.
15) I (go) on holiday tomorrow.
16) How long (she/stay) in London?
17) I often (read) at night.
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THE NOUN
- substantivul 95
I. CLASIFICAREA
1. substantive comune i proprii
2. substantive concrete i abstarcte
3. substantive numrabile i nenumrabile
Substantivele nenumrabile pot fi:
a) substantive concrete, cum ar fi air, milk, cotton, bread, pork, etc.
b) substantive abstracte, cum ar fi biology, peace, music, etc.
c) denumiriel unor sporturi, cum ar fi football, skating, swimming, etc.
d) nume de ri, orae, luni, etc, cum ar fi London, England, February, etc.
Obs: Substantive ca advice, luggage/baggage, homework, money, knowledge, information,
news, furniture, progress sunt numrabile n englez, dar n alte limbi, i n romn, sunt
nenumrabile.
Cuantificatori
Cu toate c substantivele nenumrabile sunt considerate a denumi mase nedifereniate, cantitatea,
i astfel i numrabilitatea pot fi realizate cu ajutorul cuantificatorilor. Cuantificatorii pot fi:
- generali: piece, bit, item
- specifici bar, lump, fit, grain, etc.
- care indic o msur exact: inch, gramme, mile, metre, yard, pound, etc.
II. NUMRUL
Substantivele pot fi la singular sau la plural.
Formarea pluralului:
a) pluralul cu "-s"
Exemple:
a dog ---> two dogs
a school ---> two schools
b) pluralul cu "-es" (pentru substantivele care au terminatia in -s, -x, -z, -ch, -sh)
Exemple:
a bus ---> two buses
a fax ---> two faxes
a church ---> two churches
Atentie:
a tomato ---> two tomatoes
dar:
Reguli:
- pentru substantivele care se termina in y precedat de o consoana, pluralul se va face in -ies
- pentru substantivele care se termina in y precedat de o vocala, pluralul se va face in -s
d) pluralul cu "-ves" (pentru substantivele care au terminatia in -f sau -fe)
Exemple:
leaf ---> leaves
calf ---> calves
shelf ---> shelves
wife ---> wives
wolf ---> wolves
Exceptii:
chief ---> chiefs
proof ---> proofs
belief ---> beliefs
e) pluralele neregulate
Exemple:
child ---> children
man ---> men
woman ---> women
foot ---> feet
fish (peste)
fruit (fructe)
furniture (mobila)
people (oameni)
crowd (multime)
police (politie)
! DETERMINANI
this acesta, aceasta;
PRACTICE
1. Choose the correct word.
1. The glass / glasses is full.
2. The pencil / pencils is short .
3. He is a child /children .
4. The men / man is in the park.
5. His tooth / teeth are yellow.
6. The women /woman are in the shop.
7. The mouse / mice is in the hole.
8. I have an apple / apples .
9. We are a fireman /firemen.
10. I see two box / boxes .
2. Change the sentences into the plural form.
Example: My foot is big.
1. The man is tall.
2. The woman is fat.
3. The child is sad.
4. The mouse is gray.
5. My tooth is white.
3. Change the sentences into the singular form.
Example: The fish are quiet.
1. The geese are in the yard.
2. The children are tired.
3. The policemen are old.
4. The mice are hungry.
5. The sheep are ugly.
4. Underline the noun in each sentence below. On the line next to the sentence, tell whether the noun is
singular or plural.
1. The squirrel is running fast. _______________________
2. Three of the plates are round. _______________________
3. My grandmother is very kind. _______________________
4. They gave her a nice gift. _______________________
5. Answer the telephone, please. _______________________
6. My crayons are broken. _______________________
7. Have you seen my keys? _______________________
8. That map is old. _______________________
9. It flew in the sky. _______________________
10. The store will open tomorrow. _______________________
11. There are ten fish. _______________________
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mug
bells
churches
wagons
coals
pictures
clocks
boxes
kitchens
basins
chairs
days
houses
pencils
trees
tables
6. Underline the nouns in each sentence below. Above each noun, write an S if the noun is singular or
write a P if the noun is plural.
1. We went to the store to buy two lamps. (2 nouns)
2. The notebook was filled with colorful drawings. (2 nouns)
3. That lady drives too fast. (1 noun)
4. Have you read all of the books on that shelf? (2 nouns)
5. The teacher assigned a project for her students to complete. (3 nouns)
6. Tonight I will clean the dishes in the kitchen. (2 nouns)
7. The nice man cleaned the chimney with his broom. (3 nouns)
8. The towels next to the pool were wet. (2 nouns)
7. Underline the nouns in the sentences below.
1. Andrew is eating a peach. (2 nouns)
2. Chester flew a kite in the park. (3 nouns)
3. The clock was broken. (1 noun)
4. Mr. Jones corrected the test. (2 nouns)
5. Six dogs ran across the sidewalk. (2 nouns)
6. Michael is reading an exciting book about plants. (3 nouns)
7. Molly painted a pretty picture. (2 nouns)
8. Cindy played the guitar. (2 nouns)
9. Jake answered the question correctly. (2 nouns)
10. Adam dribbled the basketball. (2 nouns)
11. Kyle munched on cookies. (2 nouns)
12. Heather drove her car to work. (3 nouns)
8. Tell whether each noun below is a person, a place, or a thing.
1. John ______________
2. cafeteria _______________
3. flower _______________
4. bedroom _______________
5. woman _______________
6. firefighter _______________
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7. newspaper _______________
8. Florida _______________
9. breakfast _______________
10. raindrop _______________
11. jar _______________
12. Dr. Cone _______________
READING 2
and follow up exercises
Animal Migration
by Kimberly M. Hutmacher
Have you ever noticed that we only see certain animals in certain seasons? Many animals move
from one area to another at different times during the year. This movement is called migration.
Animals migrate for different reasons. Some, like the manatee and the Ruby-Throated
Hummingbird, migrate to stay warm in the winter.
Some animals migrate for food, water, and protection. Caribou move south each winter to
evergreen forests. The forests protect them from the cold winds and provide a better food supply.
Other animals, like the Emperor Penguin, migrate for their children. These penguins choose the
coldest time of year and the coldest place on the planet- Antarctica- to raise their young. They migrate
inland, away from the sea, so they are far away from predators when their eggs hatch.
These journeys are often thousands of miles. Its amazing that so many animals are able to find
their way back to the very same places in the world year after year.
Loggerhead Turtles travel thousands of miles to lay their eggs on the very same beach where they
were hatched themselves. Monarch butterflies often end up migrating thousands of miles to the very same
tree that their ancestors roosted in generations before.
California Gray Whales have the longest migration journey of any mammal. They travel 10,00014,000 miles round trip each year. We know the many reasons why animals migrate, but no one really
knows how they find their way. They do not have a map, compass or GPS to guide them. Maybe you will
become the famous scientist that solves the mystery of animal migration.
FOLLOW UP
1. What is migration?
a. animals sleeping through the winter
b. animals preparing to hatch eggs
c. animals traveling long distances
d. animals getting lost
2. Complete the table with information from the article.
101
Species
Ruby-Throated Hummingbird
3. Which animals hold the record for the longest migration? _________________________________
4. Where do Emperor Penguins go when they migrate?
a. inland, near the North Pole
b. towards the sea, near the North Pole
c. inland, near the South Pole
d. towards the sea, near the South Pole
5. What information about animal migration is not known?
a. where the animals migrate to
b. why animals migrate
c. which species of animals migrate
d. how animals find their way when they migrate
Vocabulary
Part 1: Match each vocabulary word on the left with its definition on the right.
_______ 1. seasons
a. well-known
_______ 2. caribou
b. tool with a needle that points north
_______ 3. journey
c. family members who lived before you were born
_______ 4. hatch
d. trip from one place to another
_______ 5. ancestors
e. times of the year: winter, spring, summer, and fall
_______ 6. compass
f. large reindeer that live near the North Pole
_______ 7. GPS
g. to come out from inside an egg
_______ 8. famous
h. electronic computer that tells your location
Part 2: Find the vocabulary words in the puzzle and circle them.
F
J
O
U
G
S
Z
N
A
K
L
U
P
Q
C
O
M
P
A
S
S
H
A
C
O
K
L
C
A
N
A
J
U
O
A
T
C
R
O
C
S
R
S
E
I
U
K
I
B
102
E
S
B
G
P
J
P
A
T
O
K
K
I
L
J
O
U
R
N
E
Y
B
R
H
A
T
C
H
L
S
D
E
H
X
T
S
E
A
S
O
N
S
PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions Time
English
Usage
Example
on
on Monday
in
months / seasons
time of day
year
after a certain period of time (when?)
in August / in winter
in the morning
in 2006
in an hour
at
for night
for weekend
a certain point of time (when?)
at night
at the weekend
at half past nine
since
since 1980
for 2 years
ago
2 years ago
before
before 2004
to
past
now)
for
now)
going to last
in the sense of at the latest
up to a certain time
Example
in
at
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English
Usage
Example
for events
place where you are to do something
attached
for a place with a river
being on a surface
for a certain side (left, right)
for a floor in a house
for public transport
for television, radio
by, next
to,
beside
under
over
above
below
ground
directly over it
across
through
the sides
to
go to the cinema
go to London / Ireland
go to bed
into
towards
from
Example
who gave it
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English
Usage
Example
of
by
who made it
on
on foot, on horseback
get on the bus
in
off
out of
by
horseriding)
at
for age
about
PREPOSITIONS PART A
Translate the following:
about
above
across
after
against
along
among
around
as
at
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
besides
between
beyond
but
by
concerning
considering
despite
down
during
except
105
following
for
from
in
inside
into
like
minus
near
of
off
on
onto
opposite
outside
over
past
regarding
round
since
than
through
to
towards
under
underneath
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
unlike
until
up
upon
versus
with
within
without
Time prepositions 1
Peter is playing tennis .. Sunday.
My brother's birthday is the 5th of November.
My birthday is .. May.
We are going to see my parents .. the weekend.
. 1666, a great fire broke out in London.
I don't like walking alone in the streets . night.
What are you doing .. the afternoon?
My friend has been living in Canada . two years.
I have been waiting for you seven o'clock.
I will have finished this essay Friday.
Time prepositions 2:
What are you doing at/in/on the weekend?
I don't know yet. Maybe I'll go to the cinema at/in/on Saturday.
That's interesting. I haven't been to the cinema for/since so many years.
We could go there together at/in/on the afternoon.
That would be great. But I would prefer to go there at/in/on the evening. I am visiting my
grandma at/in/on Saturday.
That's okay. The film starts at/in/on eight o'clock.
I can pick you up at/in/on half past seven. How long does the film last?
It lasts for/to/until two hours and forty-five minutes.
Before/By/From eight till a quarter to eleven.
That's right. But I must hurry home after/before/past the film. I have to be home by/since/until
eleven o'clock.
Prepositons buses
If you want to go . bus, you have to go . the bus stop.
You look .. the time table.
Then you wait . your bus.
When the bus arrives, you get the bus.
You buy a ticket .. the driver or show your ticket . the driver.
When you arrive . your destination, you get .. the bus.
Sometimes you even have to change buses . another bus stop.
Exercise on Prepositions George Washington Complete the exercise with the correct prepositions.
George Washington was born Virginia .. 1732.
.. the American Revolutionary War ( .. 1775 and 1783) he was
the Commander-in-Chief the American forces.
3.
Washington played an important role .. the founding the
United States.
4.
He became the first President .. the United States.
5.
He was President . 1789 1797.
1.
2.
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6.
PREPOSITIONS PART B
Preposition Exercises 1 Test your knowledge of the prepositions in / at / to / nothing - showing place and
movement. Choose either in, at, to, or nothing.
1. He lives Zielona Gora.
2. She went home.
3. Piotrek works Gorzw Wlkp.
4. He went his friend's house.
5. She arrived Manchester for the celebrations.
6. I'm going to stay home this weekend.
7. Joanna works the hospital.
8. Why don't we go the movies tonight?
9. I'm going to see Hania . France this summer.
10. I arrived work early this morning.
11. She came home early.
12. We stayed the Mieszko Hotel.
13. They visited England last summer.
14. She's going to travel Finland this summer.
15. I'll be school later today.
Preposition Exercises 2 Test you knowledge of the prepositions for / while / during. Choose either for,
while or during.
1. He's been working three weeks.
2. I fell asleep the film.
3. Did you see Donata your holiday?
4. We talked an hour.
5. He watched TV I cooked.
6.
Preposition Exercises 3 Test you knowledge of the prepositions in / at / on - showing time and date.
Choose either in, at or on.
1. Let's meet seven o'clock.
2. He was born July.
3. I went there 1998.
4. She'll be at work Thursday.
5. We met Christmas day.
6. They drove to Barlinek September 15th.
7. We arrived in this country September.
8. I love to go shopping Christmas time.
9. We get up early the morning.
10. Do you dream night?
11. What do you like doing . weekends?
12. He's working on his homework the moment.
13. I lived in Holland the 1990s.
14. I'll see you a few weeks.
15. We like going to the cinema Fridays.
Preposition Exercises 4
1 - She wasn't short, she wasn't tall; she was average height.
2 - What are you going to buy Hania her birthday?
108
3 - The police are looking a tall, black man who was seen standing outside the bank just before the
robbery took place.
4 - The teacher asked the class to do the exercise the bottom of page 12.
5 - As a child I was always ashamed my parents because they were uneducated.
6 - I was always very good Geography when I was at school.
7 - My uncle specializes Chemistry .
8 - We arrived Gorzw at 3.30 in the morning.
9 - I didn't see you the party on Saturday.
10 - There was a lot of coughing the performance of Moniusko's 'Fairy Tale' symphony.
11 - He saw her as the most attractive woman the world.
12 - Simon is completely useless sports.
Preposition Exercise 5 Translate the following expressions with prepositions:
good at
clever at
bad at
point at
stare at
get up
wake up
look up
clean up
add up
fall off
get off
set off
break off
finish off
interested in
involved in
send in
work in
fill in
fight against
speak against
vote against
hit against
lean against
get into
cash into
jump into
turn into
dive into
turn on
switch on
get on
carry on
put it on
made of
built of
a box of
half of
many of
PREPOSITIONS PART C
Fill in the blanks with these words: against, at, by, for, from, in, like, near, of, on, to, up, with.
1. She is doing a degree course _____ a university.
2. His trousers were washed _____ the washing machine.
3. We had to climb slowly _____ the hill.
4. His house looks _____ a temple.
5. How many _____ the members will join the trip?
6. Don't lean that ladder _____ the wall.
7. I don't usually feel tired _____ the morning.
8. Have you heard anything _____ him yet?
9. My house is quite _____ to your school.
10. Put this _____ your drawer and do not let anyone see it.
109
110
FOLLOW UP TEST 2
NOUNS
1. Write c for countable and u for uncountable:
time meat flour rice -
milk pens hair bread - jam friends cars salt houses tomatoes - cream - honey -
c) I bought milk.
f) Tim eats cheese every
foot
spring
hero
man
child
box
woman
cuff
111
mouse(computer
mouse(animal)
church
piano
boss
dish
volcano
tornado
mosquito
life
boy
fly
shelf
loaf
fox
cherry
knife
cliff
calf
half
wolf
t ooth
wish
coin
TENSES
Write the verb in the correct form (past simple or past continuous).
1. It (rain) as I left the house.
2. The baby (sleep) peacefully when I took this photo.
3. I (paint) this picture when I was at primarry school.
4. The sun (shine) when I (get up) today.
5. My brother (break) his leg, while we (ski).
6. I left the party when he (arrive).
7. While I (shop), I (meet) my friend.
8. They (win) the match when I phoned my girlfriend.
Complete the sentences with the past continuous tense.
1. I (watch) TV when he came.
2. While we (have) the picnic, we saw a bear.
3. The children (listen) to the teacher.
4. I didn't hear the phone because I (listen) to my i-Pod.
5. What (do) when I called?
6. Sam (wait) for us at the bus stop.
Choose the correct past simple.
1. It ________ (rain) yesterday afternoon.
rainned
rained
2. Mary _______(practise) the violin last night
practised
practises
3. Last summer Mandy _____ (study) Spanish
studyed
studied
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clapped
went
claped
goed
PRONOUNS
Object pronouns
I can't see Mary. I can't see ________
him
she
her
Karen is next to Peter. Karen is next
to ________
he
him
he
Can you help Peter and Ann? Can you help
________?
they
you
them
Drink your apple juice! Drink ________!
it
its
your
We are going to the cinema. Come with
________!
we
them
us
These are my bananas. You can't eat ________
they
them
it
Carol is at school. She can't come with
________
we
us
they
The cat is under the chair. Can you see
__________?
he
she
it
Dave can't swim. Help ________!
him
her
he
It's Kate's birthday today. This is a present for
________
she
her
it
Where are you? I can't see ________
your
113
you
us
The windows are opened. Close ________
it
they
Write the correct pronoun! example: Peter - he
them
I can't ride a horse. Help ________!
I
me
it
1. Elizabeth
2. John
3. Dad and I
4. the horses
5. you and I
6. grandfather
7. my aunt
8. the house
FUTURE TENSES
1.a FUTURE SIMPLE
(will and be going to)
Viitorul simplu are 2 forme n limba englez: will i be going to. Cu toate c aceste dou forme se pot
substitui una pe alta ele au utilizri diferite.
Form Will
(+) S + will + V1
You will help him later.
Form Be Going To
(+) S + am/is/are + going to + V1
going to + V1
116
Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
PRACTICE
WILL or GOING TO?
WILL + infinitive
We use WILL for...
- predictions without evidence
"I will be rich and famous"
- offering our help
"I'll help you with those heavy books"
- sudden decisions
"It's raining. I'll take an umbrella!"
GOING TO + infinitive
We use GOING TO for...
- predictions with evidence
"Look! David is going to crash against that tree!"
- future intentions
"I'm going to study law at university next year"
B)
123456-
Exchanging letters...
Complete Charlie's letter with the following words:
home lake week swimming trunks - sunglasses football forest Friday - excited
Dear Jennie,
Hi! How are you? My friends and I are going to go camping this !
I am so .. ... Camping is so much fun!
On Monday we are going to go fishing.
On Tuesday, we are going to go swimming in the .. .
I am going to take my . .
On Wednesday we are going to go sailing and our camp leader said we have
to bring . because the sun can be dangerous for our eyes.
On Thursday we have some free time, so we are going to play a match.
On .. we are going to walk and explore the .. .
We are going to come back . by bus on Saturday.
Do you want to come with us?
Love,
Jack
What are the true sentences?
1. Jennie wrote the letter.
2. Jack is going camping tomorrow.
3. Jack doesnt like camping.
4. On Monday Jack is going to go swimming.
5. Jack took his swimming trunks
6. They are going to have some free time on Friday
7. On Sunday they are going to explore the forest
8. In the camp they are going to play football
9. They are going to come back on Saturday
10. Jack invited Jennie to go to the camp
Complete Jennie's letter with the following words:
Sunday - camping fun because new - swim letter friends - car
119
Dear Charlie,
Hi! Thank you for your . and for your invitation.
I love going .., too, but this week I cant .. I am going to go the beach with my . .
We are going to go there by .. . My dad is going to take us.
We are going to go to the beach and we are going to .. in the sea.
We are also going to sunbathe a little bit.
On . we are going to go shopping to the town centre and I am going to buy a swimsuit.
I hope you have .. camping. See you when you return!
Love,
Jennie
Choose the correct verb for the following sentences. Do not use abbreviations:
1) Next summer, I (travel) to New York. My sister lives there and she bought me a plane ticket for my
birthday.
2) It's getting cold. I (take) my coat!
3) Are you going to the cinema? Wait for me. I (go) with you!
4) Jane and Tom (not/study) medicine next year. Jane (study) French and Tom (take) a gap year.
5. Mrs Simons, those bags seem quite heavy. I (help) you carry them.
6. Experts say the Earth (suffer) seriously if we continue polluting.
7. Look at those black clouds. I think it (rain).
8. Bye Bye Joe. I (phone) you as soon as I arrive home!
9. What (do) tomorrow? I (visit) my grandparents.
10. Anne: "I don't have enough money to pay for my lunch."
Peter: " I (lend) you some."
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THE ADJECTIVE
Definiie
Adjectivul este partea de vorbire care: exprim o calitate a unui obiect (an interesting lecture, on old
man)
Comparaia adjectivelor (The Comparison of Adjectives)
Spre deosebire de limba romn, unde adjectivul are flexiune de gen, numr i caz i comparaie,
adjectivul din limba englez nu se schimb dup gen, numr i caz. Singurul mod de marcare formal este
comparaia:
un elev inteligent-a clever schoolboy
o elev inteligent - a clever schoolgirl
elevi inteligeni - clever schoolchildren
Lecia a doua este mai grea dect prima lecie. - Lesson 2 is more difficult than Lesson 1.
Categoria gramatical a comparaiei este concretizat n limba englez ca i n limba romn, n
trei grade de comparaie:
Gradul pozitiv nemarcat arat prezena normal a unei caliti a obiectelor, fr a se face vreo
comparaie:
He is tall. She is beautiful.
Gradul comparativ compar dou obiecte, indicnd prezena calitii la obiectele comparate n
msur egal (comparativul de egalitate: He is as tall as his sister) sau n msur inegal (I am younger
than her) sau de inferioritate: This lesson is less interesting than the previous one).
La gradul comparativ, termenul comparaiei poate fi exprimat: He is more punctual than the others.
sau neexprimat: He is more punctual.
121
Gradul superlativ arat c un membru al unui grup posed calitatea comparat n cel mai nalt
grad, prin intermediul unei comparaii directe (comparativul relativ: She is the cleverest of all) sau fr
comparaie direct (superlativul absolut : She is very clever).
Atenie! Atunci cnd se compar numai dou noiuni se folosete gradul comparativ precedat de articolul
the n locul superlativului: She is the younger and the more beautiful of the two sisters.
Formarea comparativului i a superlativului
Adjectivele scurte:
A) Adjectivele monosilabice formeaz comparativul i superlativul n mod sintetic. Ele primesc -(e)r la
comparativ i the -(e)st la superlativ:
small - smaller - the smallest
short - shorter - the shortest
Ortografie:
1) Adjectivele terminate ntr-o consoan precedat de o vocal scurt dubleaz consoan:
big - bigger - the biggest hot - hotter - the hottest
fat - fatter - the fattest thin - thinner - the thinnest
2) Adjectivele terminate n -y precedat de o consoan transform pe y n i: dry - drier - the driest
3) Adjectivele terminate n -e sau -ee, pierd pe -e final naintea lui -er sau -est: nice - nicer - the nicest;
free - freer - the freest;
B) i adjectivele bisilabice terminate n -y, -le, -er, -ow i -some:
happy - happier - the happiest;
clever - cleverer - the cleverest
narrow - narrower - the narrowest
Excepii: eager, proper, fertile, hostile, fragile se compar numai cu more i the most.
Unele adjective pot avea mabele forme de comparativ i superlativ:
- cu preferin pentru modul de formare al adjectivelor scurte:
a) adjective monosilabice: calm, fot, huge, just, keen
calm - calmer - the calmest
b) adjective bisilabice terminate n -y sau -ly: angry, clumsy, sleepy, musty;
angry - angrier - the angriest
Adjectivele lungi
A) Adjectivele formate din dou sau mai multe silabe formeaz comparativul i superlativul analitic cu
ajutorul lui more i the most:
careful - more careful - the most careful
difficul - more difficult - the most difficult
B) Adjectivele compuse formeaz gradele de comparaie n felul urmtor:
a) cnd primul element este un adjectiv care i pstreaz sensul, acesta se schimb la comparativ i
superlativ:
well-known - better=known - the best-known
ill-paid - worse-paid - tyhe worst-paid
intelligent-looking, - more intelligent-looking - the most intelligent-looking
b) cnd cele dou elemente formeaz un tot din punct de vedere al sensului comparaia se realizeaz cu
ajutorul lui more i the most:
heart-broken - more heart-broken - the heart-broken
far-fetched - more far-fetched - the most far-fetched
Formarea comparativului de egalitate i inferioaritate.
Comparativul de egalitate se exprim prin adjectivul la gradul pozitiv precedat i urmat de
conjuncia as: My room is as large as hers. Camera mea este la fel de mare ca a ei.
Comparativul de inferioritate se exprim prin adjectivul la gradul pozitiv precedat de not so/as i
urmat de as sau prin less...than: My homework is not as easy as yours. Tema mea nu e la fel de uoar ca a
122
ta. This lecture is less interesting than the previous one. Acest curs e mai puin interesant dect cursul
anterior.
Formarea superlativului absolut.
Superlativul absolut se construiete cu ajutorul adverbelor very, too, highly, extremely, utterly:
The story he told us was very amusing. It is extremelly difficult to reach the top.
Comparaia neregulat a adjectivelor
Unele adjective formeaz comparativul i superlativul n mod neregulat:
good = bun - better - the best
Eight is a good mark.
Nine is better than eight. Ten is the best mark.
bad = ru worse - the worst
ill = bolnav worse - the worst
They are both bad boys, but Peter is worse than Tom. Of all the bad boys I know Peter is the worst.
much = mult more - the most
many = muli more - the most
We havent much butter left. I need more help. This plate has the most meat on it
late = trziu
- later =
mai trziu
the lastest =
cel mai trziu
recent
mai recent
cel mai recent
- the latter = cel de-al doilea (dintre dou elemente) acesta din urm (opus lui the former)
- the last = ultimul (dintre mai multe elemente) (opus lui the first)
The late edition of this paper appears at 3 p.m. There is a later one at 5 p.m. John and Tom are tall boys:
the former is the catain of the basketball team and the later is a good footballer. Whats the lastest
news ? Care sunt ultimile tiri ? His last novel is still unpublished. Ultimul su roman este nc nepublicat.
(nu a mai scris alte romane).
old = btrn/vechi
- older = mai btrn/mai vechi
- elder = mai n vrst (despre membrii aceleai familii folosit atributiv) (opus lui younger)
- the oldest = cel mai btrn; cel mai vechi
- the eldest = cel mai n vrst (despre membrii acelelai familii, folosit atributiv)
My brother is older than me. Fratele meu este mai mare dect mine. My elder brother is a doctor. Fratele
meu mai mare este doctor. She is my eldest sister. Ea este sora mea cea mai mare.
near = aproape - nearer = mai apropiat (n spaiu, rudenie) - the nearest = cel mai apropiat (n spaiu,
rudenie) - the next = urmtorul (n timp, ordine)
Peter is a near relation of mine. Peter este o rud apropiat de-a mea.
Can you show me the nearest tabacoconists ? mi putei arta tutungeria cea mai apropiat ?
Mrs Green was the next person to arrive. Doamna Green a fost urmtoarea persoan care a sosit.
little = puin
less = mai puin
the least = cel mai puin
I have little time. My friend has less time than I have. Tom has the least of all.
far = deprtat
PRACTICE
123
the farthest
- the furthest
window
giant
banana
elephant
English last -
11. The weather today is (bad) than the weather yesterday but not as (bad) as it was four days
ago.
12. The story was (exciting) one I have ever heard.
13. They were less (tired) than we.
14. George bought a (new) car than he could ever imagine.
15. The mark is a (good) than I expected.
16. They are very (upset) with the results.
17. She is (polite) than me.
18. The boy is (fast) runner of all.
19. It is as (pleasant) as a greeting card.
20.The movie was (interesting) than the book.
21. The price will be less (aggressive) than the previous time.
22.The nature is (important) than making profit.
23.The cake is just as (sweet) as the ice-cream.
24.Sometimes friends are (devoted) than relatives.
25.Planes are (convenient) means of travelling of all.
26.Some cars are (expensive) than others.
27.The jeans are very (dirty) in fact they are (dirty) than the trousers.
28.A candle gives (little) light than a lamp.
29.This blanket is . (warm) than that blanket.
30.The dog is (angry) than its master.
7. Fill in who, which, whose, where or why.
My favourite place is York, a city in the North East of England, the rivers Ouse and Foss meet. It is a
beautiul city also has an interesting history.
The city was not always called York. In 71 AD it was named Eboracum by the Romans lived there.
Tehn, the city was conquered by the Vikings, gave it the name Jorvik. Only later did the city become
known as York.
Visitors to York can go to the Castle Museum, an amazing collection of objects is on show, or the
National Railway Museum, is the only national museum outside London.
Famous people were born in York include Guy Fawkes, attempt to blow up the Houses of
Parliament led to his execution, and Dick Turpin, was an 18th century haighway-man! However, most
people live in York today are kind and friendly, and thats the reason I love it so much.
8. Choose the correct option
1- I was disappointed/disappointing with the film. I had expected it to be better.
2- Are you interested/interesting in football?
3- The football match was quite exciting/excited. I enjoyed it.
4- It s sometimes embarassing/embarassed when you have to ask people for money.
5- Do you easily get embarassing/embarassed?
9. Choose the correct option
The house was quiet/quietly.It had been snowing heavy/heavily all day and the ground was covered in a
soft/softly white blanket. Sudden/Suddenly, there was a loud/loudly knock at the door. I jumped up
nervous/nervously. Who is it? I called anxious/anxiously. There was no reply. I slow/slowly opened the
door and looked outside. I looked around, I quick/quickly shut the door and turned around then I saw the
most horrible/horribly creature I had ever seen standing in front of me.
10. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the adjective.
1. Mark is (tall) than Kathy because he is (old).
125
ce mai mult i obin rezultate din ce n ce mai bune. 5. Cu ct era mai atent cu att mai puine greeli
fcea. 6. l cunoti pe fratele ei mai mare? 7. Rochia ta este mai modern dect a mea. 8. Care este planeta
cea mai ndeprtat?
Ortografie:
n general, adugarea sufixului -ly nu modific forma iniial a cuvntului:
He is a careless driver. He drives carelessly.
Dac adjectivul se termin n -e, acesta se pstreaz naintea sufixului -ly: entire - entirely; extreme extremely.
Excepii: true - truly; due - duly; whole - wholly.
Dac adjectivul se termin n -l, adverbul va avea -ll, prin adugarea terminaiei -ly: beatiful + ly =
beautifully.
Modificri de ortografie
- Adjectivele terminate n -y l transform n -i naintea sufixului -ly happy - happily; day - daily.
- Adjectivele terminate n -ll pierd un -l: full - fully;
- Adjectivele terminate n -le silabic pierd -e i adaug -y: simple - simply; probable - probably;
- Adjectivele terminate n -ic adaug un -ally pentru a deveni adverbe:
enthusiastic - enthusiastically;/ Dar public - publicly;
- Adjectivul good devine adverbul well: She is a good pupil. She speaks English well.
- Unele adverbe au forme speciale (only, often, ever etc.), pe cnd altele sunt omonime cu alte pri de
vorbire, n special cu adjective: She arrived early/fast/late today.
Sens
aproape
Form cu -ly
I
followed
the
instructions closely.
adnc, n adncime
He
was
deeply
concerned.
- direct, drept, de-a The car was coming
dreptul + go, come, directly towards me.
send
She was directly
- fr intermediar affected.
personal
They came directly
after lunch.
I got up directly the
bell rang.
Take it easy!
expresii n engleza I solved the problem
Just go easy!
vorbit: uor, calm, easily.
Easy come, easy go! ncet;
play fair
n anumite colocaii: He was treated fairly.
fight fair
corect, cinstit;
His paper is fairly
good.
All members are gratuit
They criticized him
admitted free.
freely.
work/study/drink/
foarte mult, din greu, I
could
hardly
rain hard
tare
understand her.
128
Sens
ndeaproape
foarte tare, profund
- direct, drept
- n mod direct
- ndat (imediat)
- de ndat ce
cu uurin, uor
- drept, corect, cum se
cuvine
- destul de
liber, neconstrns
de-abia, cu greu, cu
greutate, din greu
sus
trziu
tocmai
aproape, lng
It is pretty late.
Come as quick as
you can.
She is here right now.
Go right to the end of
the street.
destul de
n engleza familiar:
repede
chiar
drept, direct
He
guessed
the bine, ntocmai
answer right.
The door was wide de tot, n ntregime
open.
They
are
wide
awake.
answer/guess/judge/n greit, ru, prost
ote wrong.
go/treat wrong.
He recovered hardly
what he had lost
before.
He
was
highly
appreciated.
He
was
justly
forgiven.
I havent seen them
lately.
He treats everything
lightly.
The village is mostly
of wooden houses.
He worked nearly ten
hours.
They were nearly
home.
She dresses pretttily.
He spoke quickly and
confidently.
He judged rightly.
She
is
rightly
considered
the
brightest pupil in the
class.
He rightly guessed
her age.
He has travelled
widely.
They are widely
different.
The words were
wrongly spelled. He
was
wrongly
informed.
foarte, extrem de
pe drept
n ultima vreme
superficial,
cu
uurin
- n cea mai mare
parte; n general
aproape (de)
drgu
n engleza ngrijit:
repede
bine, corect
pe drept
bine corect
- mult, pe o suprafa
mare
- ntr-o mare msur,
foarte
n mod greit
Clasificarea adverbelor
Dup sensul lor lexical, adverbele se mpart n patru mari categorii: adverbe de mod, adverbe de loc,
adverbe de timp i particule adverbiale.
Adverbele de mod (Adverbs of manner). Adverbele de mod indic modalitatea propriu-zis: well,
badly, quickly, slowly etc.
Ele mai pot fi adverbe:
- de ntrire: acctually, certainly, obviously, really;
- de amplificare: absolutely, completely, greatly, barely, hardly;
- de afirmaie sau negaie: yes, no, of course, not at all;
- de probabilitate: maybe, perhaps, probally.
Adverbele de loc (Adverbs of Place)
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PRACTICE
adverb (meaning)
adverb (meaning)
good
well
difficult
with difficulty
public
publicly
deep
deep (place)
deeply (feeling)
direct
direct
directly (=soon)
hard
hard
hardly (=seldom)
high
high (place)
highly (figurative)
late
late
lately (=recently)
most
most
mostly (=usually)
near
near
nearly (=almost)
pretty
pretty (= rather)
prettily
short
short
shortly (=soon)
daily, enough, early, far, fast, hourly, little, long, low, monthly,
much, straight, weekly, yearly,
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Find the adjective in the first sentence and fill the gap with the adverb.
1.
Joanne is happy. She smiles .
2.
The boy is loud. He shouts .
3.
Her English is fluent. She speaks English .
4.
Our mum was angry. She spoke to us .
5.
My neighbour is a careless driver. He drives .
6.
The painter is awful. He paints .
7.
Jim is a wonderful piano player. He plays the piano .
8.
This girl is very quiet. She often sneaks out of the house .
9.
She is a good dancer. She dances really .
10.
This exercise is simple. You have to put one word in each space.
Fill in the correct adverb form (comparative or superlative) of the adjectives in brackets.
1.
I speak English (fluent) now than last year.
2.
She greeted me (polite) of all.
3.
She smiled (happy) than before.
4.
This girl dances (graceful) of all.
5.
Could you write (clear) ?
6.
Planes can fly (high) than birds.
7.
He had an accident last year. Now, he drives (careful) than before.
8.
Jim can run (fast) than John.
9.
Our team played (bad) of all.
10. He worked (hard) than ever before.
Compare the following adverbs.
Example: newly - __________ - __________ Answer: newly - more newly - most newly
1) fast 2) well 3) carefully 4) often 5) badly 6) hard 7) clearly 8) little 9) much 10) early Choose the most suitable adverb in bold to fill each blank:
angrily, enough, never, outside, yesterday
1. She left _____ for the university where she is doing a degree course.
2. We are standing _____ his house waiting for him.
3. He told us _____ not to walk on the grass.
4. I am not strong _____ to help him carry that box.
5. She will _____ be happy in that job.
down, last week, often, quickly, rarely
6. _____, I saw him walking to the church.
7. My father is _____ late for work.
8. He drove _____ to avoid being late.
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132
VOCABULARY
- word order Put the words in the right order to make grammatical sentences. Pay attention to punctuation and
capitals:
1. words/I've/new/got/learning/problem/a.
2. class/My/friend/is/my/in/best.
3. you/nice/It's/to/meet.
4. the/I/a/dictionary/use/lot.
5. repeat/you/, please/that/Could?
6. favourite/instrument/guitar/is/musical/His/the.
7. the/father/office//helps/John/at/his.
8. sister/well/doesn't/speak/very/My/English.
9. She/on/afternoon/practises/Friday/jazz
10. can/You/register/gymnastics/for/year/this.
11. very/The/going/lift/slowly/is.
12. of/Millions/visit/year/people/park/every/the.
13. are/a/The/having/teenagers/lot/today/fun/of.
14. a/I/grandmother/twice/my/week/visit.
15. went/cinema/last/to/the/night/I
16. Something/at/bad/school/yesterday/happened
17. classmates/to/want/talk/My/to/me/didn't
18. to/know/I/what/don't/do
19. did/Who/blame/they?
20. a/are/the/lot/There/bananas/on/of/table.
21. I/every/exercises/day/few/do/a.
133
22. your/behind/Put/hands/back/your.
23. have/a/of/fat/Chips/in/got/them/lot.
24. schoolbag/many/are/books/in/How/your?
25. put/must/in/special/paper/bins/Pupils.
26. I/Can/take/a/, please/message?
27. throw/the/You/wrappers/mustn't/on/floor.
28. I/pick/these/up/can't/cans.
29. to/something/We/about/want/our/do/environment.
30. be/He/years/old/will/next/sixteen/month.
31. am/I/sleep/on/all/to/day/going/Saturday.
32. forget/clean/his/won't/to/room/He.
33. anything/She/do/in/won't/the/dangerous/future.
34. will/on/They/time/come/tomorrow.
Put the words in the right order to form sentences:
1) always / new / is / she / about /speaking / her / convertible
2) think / excellent / you / ? / Marc / is / don't / student / an
3) a / She / hard-working / back / and / to work / Susan / woman. / up / at 6 am / 6 pm / goes /to go / is /
wakes / home
4) music / to / Robert / classical / sometimes / listens
5) daughter / 's / can / well / words / French / Mario /very / spell
6) drive / you / it / me / can / speed / when / you / slowly? / nervous / makes
7) He after is home never noon at
8) Lisa / opera / can / beautifully / sing
9) you / Sunday / do / what / do / evenings? / on / usually
10) I / at 8 / with / have / then / my / up / get / and / I / breakfast / siblings
Make questions for the information in bold.
1) Silvia is from Glasgow but lives in London.
2) She gets up at 8 am.
3) She's quite short and very skinny
4) Justin lives near the city hall.
5) He plays soccer with his friends on the weekends.
6) He's at the mall right now.
7) They go to the theatre once every two months.
8) Every morning I buy muffins.
9) No, I can't play the guitar, but I can play the piano.
10) No, I'm not Italian. I'm Spanish.
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