Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Viva Questions
Applied Physiology
1.How is oxygen carried in the blood?
What is the mechanism of binding of oxygen to
haemoglobin?
What is this called?
Draw the oxygen dissociation curve?
What does 50% saturation mean?
What partial pressure does 92% saturation
correspond to?
What partial pressure does 50% saturation
correspond to?
What is the right shift called? (Bohr effect)
What are the factors determining right shift?
What is the physiological consequences? Why is this
useful?
Draw the shape of the ODC for methaemoglobinaemia
What is the pathophysiology of
methaemoglobinaemia?
What is the affinity ratio in methaemoglobinaemia for
oxygen with respect to normal haemoglobin?
2.What is ARDS?
What are the defining features? What are the criteria?
What are the causes of ARDS?
What direct lung causes do you know?
What systemic causes of ARDS do you know?
How do you manage ARDS?
What are the ventilatory options?
How do you improve lung compliance?
know?
How can you give opiates?
What is the metabolism of morphine?
What is the bioavailabilty of morphine? How much is
metabolised in the liver?
What is the problem with intermittent bolusing of
opiates?
What is the analgesic effect of morphine?
Draw the graph of efficacy/potency of morphine
analgesia with regards to its half life
What is PCA?
How is it delivered?
Is it safe? Why?
What do you know about epidurals?
What drugs are used in epidural analgesia?
3.What is a pneumothorax?
Pathology
1.What is an embolus?
Give examples of embolus - fat, thrombus, amniotic
fluid, air, nitrogen, septic
What is a pulmonary embolus?
What is the source of the embolus?
What effects would a deep venous thrombosis present
with?
What are the features of a pulmonary embolus?
What are the features of arterial thrombi?
What are the sources of arterial emboli (Left
atrium/ventricle, narrowed peripheral circulation,
atheromatous diease)
What organs are affected and what are the clinical
manifestations?
What is a fat embolus?
Priniciples of Surgery
1.What is a subphrenic abscess?
Have you seen one before?
What are the causes?
What are the clinical features of a subphrenic abscess?
What are the nerve supplies to the diaphragm seeing
as you brought it up...?
What are the biochemical changes?
Do you always get pain?
What features would you see on a chest x-ray?
What other imaging would you do apart from
ultrasound?
How would you treat this?
What is the principle in treatment of an abscess?
What drainage options are there for subphrenic
abscesses?
2.What is mediastinitis?
What are the defining features?
How do you get mediastinitis?
What is rupture of the oesophagus known as
(Boerhaave's phenomena)
What imaging modalities would you do?
What can you see on a chest x-ray (surgical
emphysema)
What are the principles of treatment?
What would you treat? When would you treat? How
would you treat?
3.What is your approach to scrotal pain?
What are the causes of scrotal pain?
What is the nerve supply to the testicle?
How does it enter the scrotum?
What are the causes of testicular inflammation?
What is this?
What is this gland (the parotid)?
How many branches of the facial nerve are there?
Name them
How can you test the facial nerve? What muscles in
particular can you test?
What's this (submandibular gland)?
What is the nerve supply to the submandibular gland?
If the cervical branch of the facial nerve is injured,
what deficits would you expect to see?
4.Shown the Sigmoid colon on a cadaver
What is this?
How do you know?
How can you tell large bowel apart from small bowel?
Operative Surgery
1.A patient presents with a dorsally angulated distal
radius fracture in casualty.
What is your approach?
How would you examine the patient?
What features would you look for?
What analgesia would you give?
How would you perform a haematoma block?
What anaesthetic do you use?
What is the appropriate dose of lignocaine?
What are the features of local anaesthetic toxicity?
Would you use anything else with the local anaesthetic
(adrenaline)
Why would adrenaline help?
In what circumstances would you not use adrenaline?
What other local anaesthetics do you know?
What is special about bupivacaine? Under what
circumstances have you used it?