Professional Documents
Culture Documents
WARANGAL CAMPUS
By
NARHARI SAI(128937)
NISHANT SINGH(128938)
P.VALLIAPPAN(128939)
PAGIDIMARRI GEETHA(128940)
PALAKURTHY ANUSHA(128941)
Under the Guidance of
Sri. Syed Habeeb
(Faculty)
SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
WARANGAL (2012-2014)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the candidates Narahari sai G , Nishant Singh , P.Valliappan ,
Pagidimarri Geetha , Palakurthy Anusha who are the students of NATIONAL INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY, has completed their project Construction of Roads in NIT Warangal
in Warangal, Andhra Pradesh.
This project is the record of the authentic work carried out during the academic year 2012-2014.
They have done this project by themselves as a team
Syed Habeeb
(Faculty)
School Of Management
National Institute Of Technology
Warangal, Andhra Pradesh
DECLARATION
We declare that this written submission represents ours ideas in our own words and where others
ideas or words have been included, we have adequately cited and referenced the original sources.
We also declared that we have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and
have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. we
understand that any violation of the above will cause for disciplinary action by the institute and
can also evoke penal action from the sources which have not been properly cited or from whom
proper permission has not been taken when needed.
NARHARI SAI(128937)
NISHANT SINGH(128938)
P.VALLIAPPAN(128939)
PAGIDIMARRI GEETHA(128940)
PALAKURTHY ANUSHA(128941)
Date: 07-11-12
CONTENTS
1.INTRODUCTION..8
OBJECTIVE
TYPES OF ROADS...10
STATUS OF MAIN HIGHWAYS.11
NATIONAL HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT12
ROAD CONSTRUCTION..14
CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL.14
ROAD CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT..14 1.7FLY ASH
FOR ROAD EMBANKMENT..16
5. BIBLIOGRAPHY34
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE :
Complete the project in the specified time horizon and allocated cost.
Deliver value to the customers by providing excellent customer support.
Roads are an integral part of the transport system. A countrys road network should be efficient in
order to maximize economic and social benefits. They play a significant role in achieving
national development and contributing to the overall performance and social functioning of the
community. It is acknowledged that roads enhance mobility, taking people out of isolation and
therefore poverty. In China for instance, the government has popularized this belief by
emphasizing that for any economy to develop, transport must start off first which will later
stimulate other sectors to develop in an orderly fashion
The most important factors which are needed in the developing country are economics, political
and military. Each of them play great role in the respective part but they cannot perform an
excellence job without proper communication and transportation. There are three main kinds of
transportation, they are by air, land and water .There are two main transportations on land, they
are trains and cars but roads are necessary for both of them. Cars can be driven without roads but
it is difficult and very dangerous. Trains cannot travel with railroads. It is very hard to travel in
tropical country such as Myanmar in raining season without a road. There are muds everywhere
and they always cause trouble for cars and trains. Thus our government is building roads and
railroads around the country for the safety of the citizens. The basic of economic is trading and
when people trade, the transportation will be needed. The country economic will develop when
people travel to different the places and do businesses. When the politic ants travel around the
country to meet the public, they will also need a road. When the military officers receive an order
to check an area for the safety of the citizens, they will need roads to get there as soon as
possible. By that way people can stay at their houses safe and sound. So people will love the
their leader and obey the laws of our country.
1.Types Of Roads:
1.1.
Driveway
Freeway
High-quality dual carriageway (HQDC)
Interstate Highway
Limited-access highway
Motorway
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,WARANGAL Page 10
NHs are less than 2% of network but carry 40% of total traffic
Length KM
Percent
Length KM
Percent
Four-lane
1800
4
1200
1
Two-lane
23700
66
238800
19
One-lane
15000
30
100500
80
Total
49500
100
125500
100
4. ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Road construction in India is about rs.150 billion. The contracting industry consist of large scale
contractors (Rs.500 million and above) about 20 large contractors accounting 40% of
construction activities, medium scale contractors (Rs.100-500 million) is involved about 20% of
construction activities and small scale contractors (Rs.5-100 million) is involved in remaining
40%.
5. CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
Embankment
Subgrade
Pavement structure base course
Surface course
Special materials for drainage
Maintenance
In
Govt. Bodies are the main buyers of the road construction equipment, market is limited
During 1980s, transformation took place. Project became much larger size external agency
funding mandatory to use appropriate equipment
Pre-qualification criteria: based on ownership of equipment for selection of contractors. In large
projects 10 % advance were given, as a result contractors began purchasing their own equipment.
Half of Indian manufactures producing equipment in India have tie-up with foreign partners to
improve their products.
Cost-effectiveness
Performance reports
Constructabilit
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,WARANGAL Page 18
Use of waste materials like Marble slurry dust, Slag, Fly ash, etc
-Use of waste materials to replace aggregates (DLC)
-Use of pozzolanic waste materials to replace part of cement (CC and RCC pavements)
FUNDAMENTALS
TOPICS:
Topic 1: Construction Management Overview
Topic 2: Preliminary Investigations
Topic 3: Setting Out
Topic 4: Earthworks
Topic 5: Roadsides BRIEF:
Construction Management Overview the critical issues in construction management including
scheduling techniques, plant and equipment, human resources, materials, project management,
works program, safety and traffic management, quality systems and environmental management.
Preliminary Investigations the phases of road investigation including land acquisition, environmental
issues, relocation of services and cultural and indigenous heritage management.
Setting Out covers vertical and horizontal alignments, preparation for earthworks and trimming
sub grades.
Earthworks includes specifications, definition of earthworks terms, hold points, witness points and
milestones, earthworks planning, plant and equipment, earthmoving operations and compliance
testing and measurement.
Drainage urban drainage, geo-textiles, surface erosion protection, moisture, permeability, road
drainage systems, construction methods and selection of materials.
Roadsides items at the roadside including furniture/signs, batter slopes, landscaping, guardrails,
crash barriers and noise fences/barriers
CHAPTER 2
PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
2.1.2Design phase
Establishment of design basis
Design data studies
Geotechnical assessments
Durability design
Civil and structural design
Mechanical and electrical installations
Operational risk assessment
2.1.3Tender phase
Development of tender design
Value engineering
Preparation of contract for construction
2.1.4Construction phase
Construction management
Quality, environmental and safety management
Construction risk management
Interface coordination
Program and budget control
Site supervision
Contract and claims management
CHAPTER 3
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
CHAPTER 4
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSTIONS
KNOWLEDGE AREA
convert the plan on paper into reality. This requires expertise in the specific area such as
electrical, plumbing, civil, structural etc. Each task is assigned team to complete the job. These
tasks are sometimes dependent and sometimes overlapping (independent). A proper coordination
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,WARANGAL Page 31
between teams is required to avoid any communication gap which can lead to cost overruns and
scope creep. Any team will consist of a project manager who manages and controls the overall
project. Under him the task managers/supervisors are assigned who looks after the progress of
the particular task. Contractors, architects, structural engineers and civil engineers are assigned
for each task and works closely with the task manager/supervisor.
The implementation/construction can be divided into phases depending on the bookings by
customers and the availability of materials and labor. The problem comes with the material
quality and delivery, labor issues, Safety issues, Compliance, Coordination etc. which ultimately
results in the scope creep, cost overruns and hinders customer delivery and satisfaction. Thus in
order to achieve the target, a project manager has to closely monitor the progress and avid
bottlenecks.
CHAPTER 5
BIBLIOGRAPHY
WEBSITES
POZAN.COM http://www.ikb.poznan.pl/fcee/2005.06/full/fcee_2005-06_203216_logistics_of_construction.pdf (03-Nov 04:45 pm)
TANDFONLINE
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01446190110089691#.Unqcx XAy1Vo
(05-Nov 11:30 pm)
EUROPE TRANSPORT
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/projects/doc/nr2c_final_report.pdf
BOOKS:
PMBOK Guide Fourth Edition