2.

5 RC FRAME ELEMENTS DESIGN

SR EN 1992-1-1-2004
2.5.1 RC GIRDER DESIGN

2.5.1.1 General rules :

RC Girder design computation for Bending Moment and Shear Force
The monolith girders cross-section have commonly T shape but also can have
rectangular, trapezoidal shape or other shapes.
The minimum height of girders 1/15 of the span.
The ratio between the height and width of the transversal cross-section will be less
than 4, but it is recommended to have values h/b = 1.5 3 for the rectangular cross-section
girders and h/b = 2 3 for the T shape cross-sections.
The width of the transversal cross-section b must have the minimum value 200 mm for
the safety in case of fire. For monolith girders the dimensions will be multipliers of 50 mm.
Monolith girders commonly have a constant cross-section on span. Function of the
ratio between the span of the beam (l) and the height of the cross-section (h), the following
classification is made :
-

Long beams (slender), if l 8 ;

Short beams, if 2 l 8 ;

Deep beams (walls) if l 2

Constructive aspects regarding longitudinal reinforcement :

The minimum and maximum reinforcing percentages will be chosen in function of the
following aspects :
-

The minimum cross-section of the reinforcement will be determined with the

following formula:

A smin 0,5

f ctm
b t d in seismic zones, no matter the ductility class;
f yk

b t - medium width of the beam

56

The effective surface of the reinforcement cross-section must be greater than the
necessary surface in order to resist cracking;
The concrete cross-sections with reinforcement areas less than the area obtained by
the formula mentioned above will be considered unreinforced cross-sections;
Maximum cross-section for the tensioned or compressed reinforcement, out of the
overlaying zones, corresponds to the maximum height of the compressed zone
x d where:
o
o

0,25 for girders plastic zones;

lim , for other cases.

But it will be less than 4 % of the concrete cross-section area

Asmax 0,04 Ac
The medium reinforcing percent will be between 0.8 and 2 % .

The reinforcement mounting :

The cost of the steel reinforcement is influenced by the trimming and mounting
processes:
-

A very low variation of diameters used;

The use of straight bars;
The adequate jointing systems;
Use of mechanized tools for trimming and assembling.

The longitudinal resistance reinforcement is usually composed of flexible bars

associated with constructive and transversal reinforcements. Bounded by spatial enclosures
(welded or connected by wires).
The stirrups will be mounted at a maximum 200 mm distance.
The materials used:
PC 52 : f yd

f yk
s

345
300 N/mm;
1,15

Concrete C 20/25 : f cd

f ck
b

20
13,33 N/mm;
1,5

fctm 2,2 N/mm.

fctm the medium axial strength of concrete;
fyd yielding design limit strength of reinforcement for RC;
fyk characteristic yielding limit strength of reinforcement for RC;
57

fck characteristic compression strength of the concrete, determined on cylinders at 28 days;

The maximum efforts evaluation was made with Robot, with automatic combinations
according SR EN 1990 : 2004 / NA 2006.
The girder from most loaded frame was studied. (see part 2.3 Static and modal
analysis)

My diagram

58

Vz diagram

Design Efforts max values

Support

Span

My,Ed

176 kNm

94 kNm

Vz,Ed

119 kN

119 kN

The cross-section will have rectangular shape ( see part 2. Computation Summary)

59

2.5.1.2 Longitudinal reinforcement computation in the support (superior part):

fcd = 13.33 N/mm2

fyk = 345 N/mm2
fyd = fyk/s = 300 N/mm2
s = 1.15
fctm = 2.2 N/mm2
= 0.3188 %
Asmin = 430.435 mm2
MEd = 176 kNm

hf = hs = 130 mm
bw = bg = 300 mm
hw = hg = 500 mm
beff = bg = 300 mm
a = 50 mm
d = hw a = 450 mm

x d 1
As1

MEd 10
2

bw d fcd

0.217

( 1 2 ) 111.622 mm

xbw fcd
fyd
0.5 fctm
fyk

2
3
1.488 10 mm

3.188 10

= 0.3188 %

Asmin = bw d 430.435 mm2

As2 = 1488 mm2
dl =

= 21.675 mm2
dl = 22 mm

As2r = dl2 = 1521 mm2

The longitudinal reinforcement in the support in the superior part is composed of :

4 bars of 22
60

2.5.1.3 Longitudinal reinforcement computation in span (inferior part):

hf = hs = 130 mm
bw = bg = 300 mm
hw = hg = 500 mm
beff = bg = 300 mm
a = 60 mm
d = hw a = 440 mm

fcd = 13.33 N/mm2

fyk = 345 N/mm2
fyd = fyk/s = 300 N/mm2
s = 1.15
fctm = 2.2 N/mm2
MEd = 94 kNm

MEd 10
2

bw d fcd

x d 1
As1

0.126

( 1 2 ) 55.665 mm

xbw fcd
fyd

742.202

mm2

Asmin = 430.435 mm2

As1 = 742.202 mm2
dl =

= 17.748 mm2

dl = 18 mm
2
3 dl
2
As1r
763.407 mm
4
The longitudinal reinforcement in the span in the inferior part will be composed of :
3 bars of 18
61

2.5.1.4 Transversal reinforcement dimensioning :

hf = hs = 130 mm
bw = bg = 300 mm
hw = hg = 500 mm
beff = bg = 300 mm
a = 60 mm
d = hw a = 440mm

fcd = 13.33 N/mm2

fyk = 345 N/mm2
fyd = fyk/s = 300 N/mm2
s = 1.15
fctm = 2.2 N/mm2
VEd = 119 kN

VRd,max =
acw = 1

cw bw zv 1fcd
max
VEd
(kN)
(ctg+tg)

coefficient considering the effort in the compressed area

z = 0.9d = 405 mm

v1 = 0,6

cracked concrete strength reduction coefficient at shear force

max(ctg1; ctg2) 1 if the condition is not fulfilled the cross-section dimensions must
be modified
ctg 2.5

if it results a higher value in the computation will be considered

ctg = 2.5

s = 100 mm

distance between stirrups

fywk = 255 N/mm2

the yielding strength of OB37

fywd = 0.8 fywk = 204 N/mm2
,

= 0.08

= 0.001

1 300 405 0.6 13.33

119 10
1
+
+1/

122.45

= .
62

VRd,s =
Asw =

A SW
max
(kN)
zf ywd ctg VEd
s

= 4

= 201.06 mm2

100 = 0.00672

VRd,s = 201.06/100x405x204x2.5 = 415290 N = 415,29 kN > VEd,max = 119 kN

The stirrups will have a diameter of 8 and will be mounted at 100 mm distance
stirrups OB37 8/10/20cm
The stirrups will be mounted on first quarter of the span of the beam at 100 mm distance and
on the rest of the span at 200 mm.
2.5.1.5 Anchorage lengths :
Support :
lbd = 1 2 3 4 5 lbdr = 733.33 mm
1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = 1
=

= 733.33

= 300 /

= 22

= 2.25

= 2.25 /

h1 = 1 , h2 = 1

, .
, .

= 1.0 /

= 1.5 /

lbd = 750 mm

2.5.1.6 Overlapping lengths :

lbd = 750
l0 = 6 lbd = 1.125 m
6 = 1.5
l0 = 1.20 m
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2.5.2 RC column design

Efforts evaluation was made with the help of Robot Str. A. (see 2.3 Static and modal
analysis)
For pre-dimensioning (see part 2 Computation Summary 2.1.2)
2.5.2.1 Design Efforts Computation:
C R60x60
design
efforts

NEd,max

VEd,max,y

VEd,max,z

MEd,max,x

MEd,max,y

MEd,max,z

1796

94

68

1.13

168

201

Diagrams
- scheme

Values
(kN /
kNm)

The most loaded column to bending moment was selected. Column with material
C20/25.
The column design is made taking in account the skew bending checking and the relative
level displacement checking.
2.5.2.2 Longitudinal reinforcement computation :

64

MEd = 201 kNm

VEd = 94 kN
NEd = 1796 kN
hc = 600 mm
a = 60 mm
d = hc a = 540 mm
ea = 20 mm
fcd = 13.33 N/mm2
fyd = fyk/s = 300 N/mm2

( 0.5 )

( )
= 0.32%

=
= 1152
100
=

+
2
=

= 131.91

= 381.91

= 224

= 658.59

= 19.15

=
= 1256.63
The longitudinal reinforcement in the column will be composed of :
4 bars of 20
Resisting moment of the cross-section will be:

( ) = 481.25
2
2.5.2.3 Eccentric skew compression checking :

M
2 Ed 1
M Rd

NRd = 4798.8 kN
NEd/ NRd = 0.37
a = 1.22
0.48 < 1

N Rd =h c2 f cd

65

2.5.2.4 Transversal reinforcement dimensioning :

VRd,max =

cw b w zv 1f cd
max
VEd
(kN)
(ctg+tg)
ctg

cw = 1 coefficient considering the effort in the compressed fiber

z = 0.9d
v1=0,6 cracked concrete strength reduction coefficient to shear force
max(ctg1; ctg2) 1 if the condition is not fulfilled the cross-section dimensions must be
modified
ctg 2.5

if it results a higher value in the computation is considered ctg = 2.5

VRd,s =

A SW
zf ywd ctg VEd (kN) d (8,10)mm
bw
s
A SW =n r

d 2bw
4

nr=4, s=100 mm , ctg = 2.5, db = 10 mm, z = 495 mm

fywd=0,8fywk=0,8255=204 (N/mm2) OB37
pemin=0.005 for the base level

pe =

ASW
pemin
shc

= 314.16

pe = 0.0052
pe > pemin

= 793.1

>

= 94

2.5.2.5 Relative level displacement checking:

Checking in the ultimate limit state ULS:
displacement amplification coefficient:

c=3-2.5

T1
Tc

d SLU
ra =0.025H (mm)
66

T1 = 0.67 s , Tc = 0.7 s
q = 6.75
c = 0.60
= 75
= 12
=48.60 mm

Checking SLS:
SLS
d SLS =qd SLS
r <d ra (mm)

q = 6.75
= 0.50
= 15
= 4.5
=15.18 mm

reduction factor considering the shortest

resilience period of the seismic action:
= 0.50

dSLS
ra =0.005H (mm)
2.5.2.6 Horizontal design shear force in the nodes:
central nodes:

Vjhd = Rd (A s1r +A s2r )f yd -VEd (kN)

Rd = 1.2 overstrength factor
As1r, As2r real areas of reinforcements from the superior and inferior part of the girders
VEd design shear force from the column under the node
Vjhd = 720.68 kN
edge nodes:

Vjhd = Rd A s1r f yd -VEd (kN)

Vjhd = 180.68 kN

67

2.5.2.7 Horizontal shear force checking:

Central nodes:
Vjhd 1-

d
bjhcfcd (kN)

bj = 600 mm

f
=0.6 1- ck
250
N
d = 2 Ed
h c f cd

d = 0.37
= 0.552

bj =min(hc ;b w +0.5hc ) (mm)

Vjchd = 720.68 kN < 1521 kN

fck = 20 N/mm2 concrete compressive

characteristic strength
d normalized axial force in the column
above
Edge nodes:
Vjhd 0.8 1-

d
b jh c f cd (kN)

Vjehd = 180.68 kN < 1216.8 kN

2.5.2.8 Transversal reinforcement checking:

Central nodes:

Ashfywd >0.8(As1r +As2r )fyd(1-0.8d )

A sh =n e n r A sbw (mm 2 )

fywd = 204 N/mm2

As1r = 1521 mm2
As2r = 763 mm2
Ash = 1884.96 mm2
384.53 kN 385.90 kN

Asbw = 78.54 mm2

Ash total area of horizontal stirrups in the
node
ne = 6 number of horizontal stirrups in the
node
nr = 4 number of bars
As1r, As2r real areas of reinforcement in the
superior and inferior part of the girders
d normalized axial force of the inferior
column
Edge nodes:

Ashfywd>0.8As1rfyd(1-0.8d )

384.53 kN > 256.98 kN

68

2.5.2.9 Longitudinal reinforcement checking in the node

A sv A sh

2h jc
3h jw

Asv vertical longitudinal reinforcement

passing through the node, including the
longitudinal reinforcement of the column
Ash total area of horizontal stirrups in the
node
hjc = hc - 2a interaxial distance between the
edge reinforcements of the columns
hjw = hw - 2a interaxial distance between
the reinforcement from the superior and
inferior part of the girders

Asw = Ash + As1r + As2r = 4168 mm2

As1r = 1521 mm2
As2r = 763 mm2
Ash = 1884 mm2
hjc = 480 mm
hjw = 380 mm
4168 mm2 > 1570 mm2

In order to see the formwork plan and reinforcement plans for column and girder check
drawings R3, R4, R5.

69