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Chemical Bonding
Contents
VSEPR Theory
VBT
Hybridization
Bond energy, Bond
length
Bond Polarity
l p > bp
l p - l p > l p - b p > bp - b p
Space occupied:
Total e
pairs
Bond
pairs
Lone
pairs
AB2
3
AB3
3
2
Electro Molecul
nic
ar
Exam
Angle
geome geomet
ple
try
ry
Linear
Linear
Triangul
ar
Triangul planner
ar
planner
Bent
180o
120o
Less
than
120o
AB4
Total e
pairs
Electro Molecul
nic
ar
Exam
Angle
geome geomet
ple
try
ry
Bond
pairs
Lone
pairs
Tetrahedr
109.5o
al
Trigonal Less
Tetrahed pyramid than
ral
al
109.5o
Less
than
109.5o
Bent
Valence Bond
Theory
Which one
will result
stronger covalent bond
A. s-s overlap
B. s-p overlap
C. p-p overlap
D. All have same strength
in
Valence Bond
Theory
Valence Bond
Theory
Formation of bond
bond
Sidewise
overlapping
Sidewise
overlapping
Sidewise
overlapping
Formation of Bond
Hybridization
Features
Intermixing of atomic orbitals
of slightly different energy
and shapes to form hybrid
orbitals of same energy and
shape.
No of hybrid orbitals = No of
atomic orbitals intermixed
Occupied by lp and bp of
sigma bond
It decreases reactivity of
molecules.
Hybridization
Property
sp3
sp2
sp
s-orbitals
p-orbitals
Hybrid
orbitals
% s character
% p character
Unhybrid
orbitals
Sigma bonds
Pi bonds
1
3
1
2
1
1
25 %
75 %
33 %
66 %
50 %
50 %
4
0
2
2
Geometry
Tetrahedral
Bond angle
Example
109.5o
CH4, CCl4
3
1
Triangular
planner
120o
BF3, AlCl3
Linear
180o
BeCl2, CO2
sp3 Hybridization
sp3 Hybridization
sp2 Hybridization
sp Hybridization
Hybridization
Which one the following
has only sigma bonds
A. Acetic acid
B. Ethyl alcohol
C. Propene
D. Benzene
bond energy is
in which of the
A- 566 Kjmol-1
B- 431 Kjmol-1
C- 366 Kjmol-1
D- 299 Kjmol-1
Dipole Moment
Features
Mathematical determination of polarity of bond.
=qr
Units: (SI Unit = Cm) (Derived Unit = Debye)
1D = 3.336 10-30 Cm
%age ionic character = observed ionic 100
Geometry of molecule
Atomicity
=0
AB2
Linear
AB3
Triangular Planner
Bent
AB4
Tetrahedral
Pyramidal, Bent
Dipole Moment
Which of the following isomer
of xylene posses maximum
polarity
A.
B.
C.
D. All same
QUESTIONS