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Overview
Over the next half century, up to one third of the world’s plant and animal species may be lost forever. In the
United States alone, thirty percent of the nation’s plant and animal species are at risk of disappearing, and over
500 species are missing or may already be extinct (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 1998). For an estimated 85
percent of these imperiled species, the loss or degradation of their habitats is the principal threat to their
continued existence (Stein, 2000). The conversion of natural areas for homes, offices, and
“Urban sprawl shopping centers has become one of the most serious threats to America’s native plant
and animal species (Ewing & Kostyack, 2005).
threatens 288 of
A 2001 report by the National Wildlife Federation (NWF) found that urban sprawl is the
Californiaʹs 286 lead culprit of species imperilment in California. Urban sprawl threatens 288 of
federally listed Californiaʹs 286 federally listed species (NWF, 2001). As California populations continue
species” to grow, so will urban development. The next 25 years of population growth will likely
result in the consumption of between 6 and 60 percent of the remaining non‐federal
natural lands in the nation’s fastest growing large metropolitan areas (Ewing & Kostyack, 2005). In the Los
Angeles metro area, which harbors an incredible 219 imperiled species, 12 percent of the remaining open space
is projected to be lost to development (NatureServe, 2005) (See Figure 1). Existing parks and other public lands
may help sustain these species and mitigate this loss of green space, however species will not benefit unless
those lands are managed specifically for wildlife protection (Ewing & Kostyack, 2005).
Figure 1: Counties in Fastest Growing Large Metro Areas with the
Largest Number of Imperiled Species
San Diego, CA (276.9) 99
Clark, NV (193.8) 97
Los Angeles, CA (102.4) 94
San Bernardino, CA 85
consumption in square miles)
Sonoma, CA (85.4) 80
Counties (projected land
Riverside, CA (241.4) 67
Marin,CA (69.7) 60
Miami‐Dade, FL (136.4) 58 Aerial view of freeway cutting through LA
Napa,CA (29.8) 49 County urban sprawl
Alameda,CA (54.2) 45 Source: CWE1456 Stock Connection Photos Rights Managed
Contra Costa,CA (110.6) 44 Photograph
Ventura,CA (82.3) 42
Solano,CA (74.0) 40 Definition of Sprawl
San Mateo,CA (27.8) 40
Bibb, AL (4.5) 40
Sprawl is: (1) low‐density residential
development; (2) rigid & large‐scale
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
separation of homes, shops, &
# of Imperiled Species
Source: Ewing & Kostyack, 2005 workplaces; (3) a lack of distinct,
thriving activity centers, such as strong
downtowns or suburban town centers; &(4) a network of roads marked by very large block size & poor
pedestrian access from one place to another (Ewing, 2002).
Why You Should Care About the Loss of Species and Habitats?
We cannot live without them. Composed of thousands of different species, forests, wetlands, grasslands and
other natural habitats purify drinking water, recharge aquifers, help prevent droughts, protect against floods,
and help maintain a stable climate (Stein, 2000). Each time a species is removed from a natural system, many
other species in that system can be affected. This can lead to unpredictable chain reactions that can harm hu‐
man health and economic viability (Stein, 2000).
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