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Journal of Energy
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Nomenclature:
E
GE
A
module
Ptpv
NOCT
Ptpv
1. Introduction
India has tremendous energy needs and increasing
difficulty in meeting those needs through traditional
41
2. Methodology
Detailed research and analysis on SPV plant
performance was part of my Internship project, it
includes study of different type of performance
parameter, various losses and affect in energy
generation, life cycle of Solar Module, revenue
generation for grid connected solar PV project and
analysis of project case studies with recommendation
to improve the performance of existing plant in design
side with include selection of plant balance of system,
like transformer, inverter, module, module mounting
structure, protection equipment and compare the
design with actual report with existing plant
equipment.
Detailed study of various parameter from different
journals and case studies, published in various reputed
Journals publishing portals, National renewable
Energy laboratory, USA, Central electricity regulatory
commission, IFA, MNRE and various metrological
agencies. i.e., Meteonorm, NASA;
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3. Performance Parameters
Ptpv = Tc - NOCT
100
3.1.3 Factor Affecting the Performance Ratio
The PR is a purely definition based variable which,
under the influence of certain factor, may even exceed
values of 100%. This is under standard test conditions
(1,000 W m-2 solar irradiation and 25C module
temperature). Deviating conditions in real operating
conditions therefore influence the PR.
43
Table 1 Energy generation and Performance ratio of 1000 kWp plant at Bhoothapandi, Kanyakumari (Lat: 8.15 N, Long:
77.26 E), Simulation based on Solar GIS online tool for 1000 kWp Plant with c-Si technology at fixed tilt angle.
Steps
Energy output
(kWh/kWp)
Energy loss
(kWh/kWp)
1929
1926
1869
1626
1537
1498
1476
1461
1461
-3
-57
-243
-89
-39
-22
-15
-468
Performance ratio
Partial (%)
Cumulative (%)
100
100
99.8
99.8
97.0
96.9
87.0
84.3
94.5
79.7
97.5
77.7
98.5
76.5
99.0
75.7
75.7
44
45
Table 2 Loss in energy generation from DC to AC Site Simulation through PVsyst software of 1 MW AC plant located in
Bhilwara Rajasthan.
Effect
GHI in collector plain
Near Shading losses
IAM factor on global
Effective irradiance on collector
Array nominal energy at STC
Losses due to irradiance level
Losses due to temperature
Array soiling loss
Module quality loss
Array mismatch loss
Ohmic wiring loss
Array virtual Energy at MPP
Inverter loss during operation
AC ohmic Loss
External transformer losses
Energy injected into grid
Available energy
2048 kWh m-2
2175 kWh m-2
2175 kWh m-2 7077 m2
2393 MWh
1982 MWh
1947 MWh
1920 MWh
1920 MWh
Loss (- %)/gain (+ %)
+10.2%
-1.1%
-2.6%
-1.0%
-10.3%
-3.1%
-0.5%
-2.1%
-1.1%
-1.8%
-0.3%
-1.1%
46
Location
Optimum
Angle
29
26
22
24
Irradiation
(kWh m-2/day)
5.09
5.52
5.35
4.54
So
olar PV Perforrmance Param
meter and Rec
commendation for Optimiza
ation of Perfo
ormance in
Large Scale Grid Conne
ected Solar PV
V PlantCase
e Study
47
48
49
50
Fig. 4
surface.
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
51
Fig. 5
52
Fig. 6
Table 4
Damage cable.
Losses during the PVsyst simulation.
Temperature derating
Shading loss
Module mismatch
Total cable loss
Inverter to 11kV transformer
Table 5
6.8%
2.9%
1.0%
2.3%
1.8%
7.7%
1.6%
2.0%
6.5%
5.192%
0.63%
2.17%
0.90%
53
References
Fig. 7 Losses during the simulation and actual site condition.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
10. Conclusions
Solar PV is fastest growing field in the world, so
performance of plant needs to be trace yearly to gain
[8]
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/30/india-bla
ckout-affects-300-million (accessed 1/8/2012).
http://www.cercind.gov.in/2011/Whats-New
(accessed
7/07/2013).
http://edbodmer.wikispaces.com/file/view/ABB_PV_Ref
erences.pdf/ (accessed 2/8/2013).
http://files.sma.de/dl/7680/Perfratio-UEN100810.pdf/
(accessed 2/8/2013).
http://www.re-solve.in/perspectives-and-insights/solar-pv
-plant-performance-capacity-utilisation-factorcuf-%20/
(accessed 8/9/2013).
http://www.schatzlab.org/docs/PVArrayMismatchLosses.
pdf/ (accessed 4/9/2014).
http://techno.su.lt/~bielskis/straipsniai%20ir%20knygos/Th
eoretical%20assessment%20of%20the%20maximum%20p
ower%20point%20tracking.pdf (accessed 5/7/2014).
http://www.civicsolar.com/resource/effect-array-tilt-angle
-energy-output (accessed 8/8/2013).