CBBC Newsround - Guide: Why are Israel and the Palestinians fightin...

1 of 2

This page was made on Wednesday 16

th

http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/20436092

July 2014

A history of the Gaza conflict

Israelis and Arabs have been fighting over Gaza on and off, for decades. It's part of the wider Arab Israeli conflict.
After World War II and the Holocaust in which six million Jewish people were killed, more Jewish people wanted their own country.
They were given a large part of Palestine, which they considered their traditional home but the Arabs who already lived there and
in neighbouring countries felt that was unfair and didn't accept the new country.
In 1948, the two sides went to war. When it ended, Gaza was controlled by Egypt and another area, the West Bank, by Jordan.
They contained thousands of Palestinians who fled what was now the new Jewish home, Israel.

Click here to see where Israel is...

Israel's recognition

But then, in 1967, after another war, Israel occupied these Palestinian areas and Israeli troops stayed there for years. Israelis
hoped they might exchange the land they won for Arab countries recognising Israel's right to exist and an end to the fighting.
Israel finally left Gaza in 2005 but soon after, a group called Hamas won elections and took control there. Much of the world calls
Hamas a terrorist organisation. It refuses to recognise Israel as a country and wants Palestinians to be able to return to their old
home - and will use violence to achieve its aims.
Since then, Israel has held Gaza under a blockade, which means it controls its borders and limits who can get in and out.
Life in Gaza

Life for the many of the 1.5 million Palestinians who live in the Gaza Strip is difficult.
Israel controls its coastline and all the entry and exit crossings into Israel. There is another crossing point into Egypt. There is no

7/17/2014 9:44 PM

CBBC Newsround - Guide: Why are Israel and the Palestinians fightin...

2 of 2

http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/20436092

working airport. Because access is so restricted, not many goods get into or out of Gaza. Food is allowed in, but aid agencies say
families are not eating as much meat or fresh vegetables and fruit as they used to. There are often power cuts.
Large numbers of people are unemployed because businesses can get very few of their products out of Gaza to sell, and people
don't have much money to buy things.
Palestinian refugees

During the 1948 and 1967 wars hundreds of thousands of Palestinians left, or were forced out of, their homes and moved to
neighbouring countries to become refugees.
More than 4.6 million Palestinians are refugees and their descendants, many living in camps in the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Syria,
Jordan and Lebanon. They get help from the United Nations.

Violence in Gaza

Though the Palestinians don't have an army, rockets are regularly fired from Gaza into Israel. Israelis living in border towns are
used to having to take shelter and adapting their lives to deal with the rockets.
In the years since Israel withdrew its troops in 2005, Gaza has seen several Israeli offensives. Israel says these were aimed at
putting a stop to rocket fire.
In 2008, Israel sent soldiers into Gaza. An estimated 1,300 people, many of them civilians, were killed in Gaza before a ceasefire was declared; 13 Israeli
soldiers also died.
In 2012, at least 167 Palestinians and six Israelis were killed during an Israeli operation. After eight days a ceasefire was declared with both sides promising to
stop attacks.
Most recently in July 2014, Palestinian authorities said over 200 people were killed by Israeli air strikes and many more injured. Israel says more than 1,100
rockets were fired from Gaza, seriously injuring at least four Israelis, with one Israeli man killed.

Peace Process

Other countries, particularly America, have worked hard to settle the fighting between the Arabs and Israelis but so far nothing has
worked. Many people want Gaza and the West Bank to be turned into a new country - Palestine. Israel won't agree to this unless
it feels safe - and Hamas accepts its right to exist. The other sticking points are what will happen to Israelis who've settled in the
West Bank, who will run Jerusalem and what will happen to the Palestinian refugees.
The video has been amended from the report originally broadcast on 21st November
following a complaint which was partly upheld by the Editorial Complaints Unit
. The text has also been amended since original publication to provide a fuller account of the history of the conflict in the region.

BBC 2014 The BBC is not responsible for the content

of external sites. Read more.

7/17/2014 9:44 PM