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PRACTICAL: 11
3.0 INTRODUCTION
The logic gates can be arranged in groups that cause these binary numbers to
either act as adders, substractor, multipliers, dividers or logical comparators.
Other groups of gates can act as storage for the instructions and data. These
‘groups’ are, in hardware design terms, latches and flip flops.
Unlike Combinational Logic circuits that change state depending upon the
actual signals being applied to their inputs at that time, Sequential
Logic circuits have some
form of inherent
"Memory" built in to them
and they are able to take
into account their
previous input state as
well as those actually
present, a sort of "before"
and "after" is involved.
They are generally termed as Two State or Bistable devices which can
have their output set in either of two basic states, a logic level "1" or a
logic level "0" and will remain "Latched" indefinitely in this current state or
condition until some other input trigger pulse or signal is applied which will
change its state once again.
44 | P a g e
SOHIL VOHRA (LECTURER - SHRI K.J. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BHARUCH (C.E. DEPTT))
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS (331102)
5.0 LATCH :
Essentially, they hold a bit value and it remains constant until new inputs force it
to change. A type of single-bit stable storage.
45 | P a g e
SOHIL VOHRA (LECTURER - SHRI K.J. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BHARUCH (C.E. DEPTT))
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS (331102)
A basic flip-flop has two stable states. The flip-flop maintains its states
indefinitely until an input pulse (a trigger from the clock) is received.
If a trigger is received, the flip-flop outputs change their states according to
defined rules, and remain in those states until another trigger is received.
There are several different kinds of flip-flop circuits, with designators such as :
o R – S Flip Flop
o J – K Flip Flop
o D Flip flop
o T Flip flop (a variation on J – K Flip Flop)
Both might require the use of a clock signal and are used in sequential logic. (The
clock on the latch is for synchronisation whereas the clock on the flip-flop may
trigger a change in output.)
For a latch, the output tracks the input when the clock signal is high, so as long
as the clock is logic 1 the output can change if the input also changes. (Logic 1 +
new data = new output).
Flip-flops, in comparison, will store the input only when there is a rising/falling
edge of the clock. (Edge- triggered, so they may flip on clock pulses.)
8.0 EXERCISE :
Define sequential circuits.
Ans :
Ans :
Ans :
46 | P a g e
SOHIL VOHRA (LECTURER - SHRI K.J. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BHARUCH (C.E. DEPTT))
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS (331102)
9.0 ASSIGNMENT :
47 | P a g e
SOHIL VOHRA (LECTURER - SHRI K.J. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BHARUCH (C.E. DEPTT))