Exam

I Practice Problems

1.) Consider a viscous fluid flowing in a laminar manner through a slit formed by
two parallel walls a distance 2B apart as depicted below. Given that we have
a uniform pressure gradient in the negative z direction (i.e. dp/dz equals a
negative constant) and the fluid is massless with a viscosity , calculate the
flow rate using the Navier-Stokes equations. How does this answer change if
the fluid has a density and gravity is in the positive z direction? Also, for
both parts, calculate the force/area exerted by the fluid on the walls of the
channel.

2.) Determine the velocity distribution for flow in a channel where the plate at
y=0 is subjected to a constant stress = 0 for all t > 0. You may assume that
the channel gap is d, the upper plate is fixed, there is no pressure gradient,
and the fluid is initially at rest.

3.) A firehose is basically just a contraction in a pipe. Here we want to calculate
the force on the nozzle, so we can design it so it doesnt come off. We take the
firehose to have a diameter of 4, the corresponding nozzle diameter is 2,
the upstream pressure is 30 psig, the downstream pressure is 0 psig (e.g., it
just comes out at atmospheric pressure, which can be ignored as it pushed
equally on everything), and the flow rate is 40 gal/sec of water. What is the
force? Assume uniform flow.

4.) A jet of fluid with density , velocity U, and diameter D impinges on a flat
plate as depicted below. What is the force on the plate?

5.) A liquid of density flows thorough a gate as shown. If the upstream and
downstream flows are parallel, we can take the pressure distribution far
upstream and downstream to be hydrostatic. If the upstream velocity is U1,
the upstream height is h, and the opening is L, derive an expression for the
force per unit width necessary to keep the gate in place. (Hint: Draw a control
volume around the water upstream and downstream of the gate, and
determine the velocity U2 from conservation of mass. Then do a similar
momentum balance. You can ignore atmospheric pressure. The fluid flowing
out of the gate reduces the force on the gate from the purely hydrostatic
result the maximum possible.

6.) Beginning with the statement that mass is a conserved quantity, derive the
continuity equation for a time dependent, compressible flow.

7.) Consider the stratified fluid depicted below which is being sheared between
two infinite parallel plates. If the upper plate is constrained to move with
velocity U, the lower plate is fixed, and the viscosities and thicknesses of the
two layers are 1 and 2 and h1 and h2, respectively, calculate the following:

a. Write down the Navier Stokes equation for momentum in the
direction of the flow in each region and show which terms are non-
zero.
b. What are the velocity and shear stress distributions? What is the force
on the lower plate? Hint: Remember that both the velocity and shear
stress much be continuous across the interface formed between the
two liquids. This determines the conditions at the interface!
c. Calculate the flow for each fluid (per width W out of the plane of the
paper)


8.) Consider unidirectional, laminar, steady flow in a channel of width 2b as
depicted below. What are the appropriate boundary conditions for this
problem? Develop the equations for this problem, render them
dimensionless and solve for the velocity profile. What is the flow rate per
unit extension out of the plane of the paper (Q/W) as a function of the
pressure gradient in the x-direction?

9.) Consider the deflection, h, produced by a ball sitting on an elastic solid (e.g. a
ball bearing on a block of rubber):
a. What parameters does this problem depend on? Develop a
dimensional matrix for the above system and determine the total
number of dimensionless groups that can be formed.
b. Assuming you want to measure the deflection, h, as a function of force,
develop the appropriate dimensionless groups for this problem.