Pavement Evaluation and Rehabilitation

Lecture-1
15-08-2015

Dr. Zia-ur-Rehman

Course Outline
This course is intended to assist pavement engineers in
developing the most reliable and cost-effective
rehabilitation alternatives for asphalt pavements.
It
addresses the rehabilitation process for asphalt pavements
in a logical sequence including the evaluation of the existing
pavement structural and functional condition, assessment
of needs and assignment of feasible alternatives (from four
categories of reconstruction, restoration, recycling, and
resurfacing), and the selection of the preferred
rehabilitation alternative based on life-cycle costs and other
factors.
Pavement Evaluation and Rehabilitation

Pavement Evaluation
Pavement evaluations are conducted to determine
functional and structural conditions of a highway section
either for purposes of routine monitoring or planned
corrective action.

Functional condition is primarily concerned with the ride

quality or surface texture of a highway section.
Structural condition is concerned with the structural
capacity of the pavement as measured by deflection, layer
thickness, and material properties.
Pavement Evaluation and Rehabilitation

Pavement Rehabilitation

Pavement Rehabilitation consists of

"structural enhancements that extend the
service life of an existing pavement and/or
improve its load carrying capacity.

Pavement Evaluation and Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation Process
Pavement data collection
Project Evaluation
Select feasible alternatives

4 R programme-Reconstruction,
Restoration, Recycling, Resurfacing

Life cycle costs plus Non Monetary factors

Select preferred alternatives
Detailed Design
Construction
Pavement Evaluation and Rehabilitation

Pavement Reconstruction
Pavement Reconstruction is the replacement of the entire
existing pavement structure by the placement of the
equivalent or increased pavement structure. Reconstruction
usually requires the complete removal and replacement of the
existing pavement structure. Reconstruction may utilize
either new or recycled materials incorporated into the
materials used for the reconstruction of the complete
pavement section. Reconstruction is required when a
pavement has either failed or has become functionally
obsolete.
Pavement Evaluation and Rehabilitation

Pavement Restoration

Restoration is a set of one or more activities

that
repair
existing
distress
and
significantly increase the serviceability (and
therefore, the remaining service life) of the
pavement, without substantially increasing
the structural capacity of the pavement.

Pavement Evaluation and Rehabilitation

Pavement Recycling
Recycling is the process of removing pavement materials for
reuse in resurfacing or reconstructing a pavement (or
constructing some other pavement).
For asphalt pavements, this process may range from in-place
recycling of the surface layer, to recycling material from all
pavement layers through a hot mix plant.
For concrete pavements, recycling involves removal and
crushing for reuse as aggregate, either in the reconstruction
of the pavement or for surface, base, or subbase layers in
other pavement construction.
Pavement Evaluation and Rehabilitation

Pavement Resurfacing
Resurfacing may be either of the following:
(a) A structural overlay, which significantly extends the
remaining service life by increasing the structural capacity
and serviceability of the pavement, usually in combination
with preoverlay repair and/or recycling. A structural overlay
also corrects any functional deficiencies present.
(b) A functional overlay, which significantly extends the
service life by correcting functional deficiencies, but which
does not significantly increase the structural capacity of the
pavement.
Pavement Evaluation and Rehabilitation

Pavements
Learning Objectives
Describe the types of (Flexible/Rigid/Composite) pavements
Identify the role of each pavement layer
Discuss key issues related to pavement performance
Describe pavement response to traffic loading
and
environmental conditions

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Conventional Flexible Pavement

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Conventional Flexible Pavement

Conventional flexible pavements are layered systems with
better materials on top where the intensity of stress is high
and inferior materials at the bottom where the intensity is
low.
Adherence to this design principle makes possible the use
of local materials and usually results in a most economical
design.
This is particularly true in regions where high-quality
materials are expensive but local materials of inferior
quality are readily available .
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Full Depth Asphalt Pavement

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Full Depth Asphalt Pavement

Full-depth asphalt pavements are constructed by placing one or
more layers of HMA directly on the subgrade or improved
subgrade.
This concept was conceived by the Asphalt Institute in 1960 and
is generally considered the most cost-effective and dependable
type of asphalt pavement for heavy traffic.
This type of construction is quite popular in areas where local
materials are not available.
It is more convenient to purchase only one material, i.e., HMA,
rather than several materials from different sources, thus
minimizing the administration and equipment costs.
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Role of Pavement Layers

HMA Layer
Structural capacity, Friction resistance, Riding quality,
Moisture intrusion
Base course
Structural capacity, High quality aggregate, Resistance to
frost action, Drainage
Sub-base course
Structural capacity, Low to medium quality aggregate,
Drainage
Subgrade soil
Ultimately carries load, Provides pavement thickness

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Pavement Performance
Functional performance
-Provides users a safe and comfortable ride
-Consists of:
Ride quality
Surface friction
Other factors noise, geometrics
Structural performance
-Ability to withstand traffic and environmental loadings

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Pavement Performance
Performance Indicator

Distress

Functional

Structural

Structural response

Surface friction

Roughness

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