Marc Junuel Romen

March 11, 2015

HUB33

Sir Legaspi

A. Vitamins
Vitamin

1.

2.

3.

4.

Structure

Function
-strengthens immune
system
-vitamin A is for
improving vision and
treating eye disorders
- for skin conditions
including acne, eczema,
psoriasis, cold sores,
wounds, burns, and
sunburn
-helps mucous
membranes of the
mouth, nose, throat, and
lungs to remain moist
-it is important in bone
health and maintaining
immune system
functions
-has a preventive role in
cancers
-helps to increase the
amount of calcium
absorbed from the small
intestine
-acts as an antioxidant
-prevents damage to
cells
-preventive role to
cancers
-helps make red blood
cells
-prevents destruction of
vitamins A and C
-helps blood clot
properly
-key role in bone health
-newborns receive
vitamin K to prevent
bleeding

Disorder
-Xerophthalmia
(vitamin A deficiency); this
leads to very dry and rough
skin, decreased resistance to
infections, faulty tooth
development, and slower bone
growth
-Vitamin A toxicity(too much
vitamin A in the body causes
severe birth defects and may
increase risk for hip fractures)

-vitamin D deficiency may

result in osteomalacia and
osteoporosis
-vitamin D toxicity or too much
vitamin D in the body can cause
slowed mental and physical
growth, and decreased appetite

-vitamin E deficiency which

results to
hemolytic anemia and
neurologic deficits

-vitamin K deficiency causes

impairments in clotting of blood

Marc Junuel Romen

March 11, 2015

HUB33

Sir Legaspi

B. Steroids
Steroids

1. Estrogen

2. Progesterone

3. Testosterone

4. Glucocorticoid

Structure

Function
-The primary function of
estrogen is development of
female secondary sexual
characteristics. These includes
breasts, endometrium,
regulation of the menstrual
cycle etc.
-In males estrogen helps in
maturation of the sperm and
maintenance of a healthy
libido.
One of progesterone's most
important functions is
its role in thickening the lining
of the uterus each month. The
enriched endometrial lining is
prepared to receive and
nourish a fertilized egg. If a
pregnancy
occurs, progesterone is
produced in the placenta and
levels remain elevated
throughout the pregnancy.
1.
-It is the principal
male sex hormone and an
anabolic steroid.
-It plays a key role in the
development of male
reproductive tissues such as
the testis and prostate as well
as promoting secondary sexual
characteristics such as
increased muscle, bone mass,
and the growth of body hair.
-It reduces inflammation
throughout the body by
moving into cells and
suppressing the proteins that
go on to promote

Disorder

- hypogonadism (diminished
function of the ovaries) can
cause estrogen levels to drop
-polycystic ovarian
syndrome(most prevalent
hormonal disorder of women
leading to infertility)

-Progesterone deficiency leads

to menopause problems in
women, breast disorders, low
sex drive, depression, mood
changes, and headaches

-Testosterone deficiency
decreases muscle mass with an
increase in body fat, changes
cholesterol levels, decrease
hemoglobin and possibly lead
to mild anemia, causes fragile
bones, and decrease body hair

-When adrenal glands make

too much cortisol, it would
lead to Cushing disease

Marc Junuel Romen

March 11, 2015

HUB33

Sir Legaspi

inflammation

5. Mineralocorticoid

- primarily involved in the

regulation of electrolyte and
water balance through their
effect on ion transport in
epithelial cells of the renal
tubules, resulting in retention
of sodium and loss of
potassium

-Manifestations of decreased
mineralocorticoid activity
include hyponatremia,
hyperkalemia, dehydration,
hypotension, cardiac arrest,
and death.
-Increased mineralocorticoid
activity leads to hypervolemia,
and hypertension.

References:
http://www.growyouthful.com/remedy/progesterone.php
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mineralocorticoid
www.news-medical.net/health/What-Does-Estrogen-Do.aspx
http://www.compoundchem.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Chemical-Structures-of-Vitamins-FINAL.png
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-964- http://www.vitamin%20a.aspx?
activeingredientid=964&activeingredientname=vitamin%20a
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09315.
htmlhttp://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/nutritional_disorders/vitamin_deficiency_dependency_and_toxicit
y/vitamin_k.html
http://www.healthywomen.org/condition/progesterone
http://www.webmd.com/erectile-dysfunction/guide/testosterone-replacement-therapy
http://www.healthline.com/health/glucocorticoids#SideEffects3
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-59259-336-1_15
http://www.ehow.com/about_6319403_chemical-structure-estrogen.html
http://www.livescience.com/38324-what-is-estrogen.html
http://www.medicinenet.com/testosterone_therapy_to_treat_ed/page2.htm