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Lecture Notes
page 1
Sample Problems
Compute each of the following integrals.
1.
2.
Z
Z8
4x
dx
7.
8.
4x
dx
3.
4.
Z
Z
9.
5.
x2
x3
6x
dx
(ln x)8 + 1
dx
x
10.
11.
(ln x)8 + 1
dx
x
Z2
Z3
ex e
ex + e
16.
17.
Z1
15.
( 3x + 4) e
3x
(x2
+ 1)
dx
( 3x + 4) e
20x
(x2 + 1)20
3x2 +8x
3x2 +8x
13.
14.
Z15
1
2x
x
x
dx
dx
dx
dx
1
p
dx
x ( x + 1)
x2
8x + 3
dx
x+2
Z1
xe
3x2
Z1
3e
3x
20.
2x + 5
p
dx
x 3
10.
x 1
p
dx
x+1
11.
Z8
x 1
p
dx
x+1
ex
dx
ex + 1
6.
12x3
dx
3x4 + 1
207
12.
e2
18.
dx
dx
x
p
dx
x+1
19.
dx
x
dx
x+1
Practice Problems
Compute each of the following integrals.
Z
Z
p
99
1.
200x 2x2 5
dx
5.
3x
2.
3.
4.
Z
Z
Z1
ex
(ex
+ 2)
ex
ex + 1
dx
6.
7.
1
dx
x ln x
8.
x3 2x
9.
Z1
dx
x+1
dx
x2 + 2x + 3
x2
(x3 + 5)10
2 dx
(x + 2)
dx
dx
x2
+ 4x
dx
12.
Z3
1
3x
dx
Integrating by Substitution
Lecture Notes
page 2
1.)
1
e
4
5.)
530
9
9.)
1 4
e
2
13.)
4x
+C
1
2
4 (x2
4
(x
3
+ 1)
32
208
6x
+C
7.) ln 3x4 + 1 + C
19
+C
2 (x + 1)1=2 + C
23 ln 2
8.)
1
e
2
18.)
3x2 +8x
12.)
15.) ln e3 +
19
2
ln9 x
+ ln x + C
9
4.)
11.) ln (ex + 1) + C
14.) 36
17.) 23 ln 3
3)3=2 + 22 (x
1
x3
624
3.)
+C
10 2
x +1
19
10.)
2
(x + 1)3=2
3
1
e
4
6.)
p
16.) 2 ln ( x + 1) + C
20.)
1
4
2.)
1
6
1
e3
+C
2x
1+C
ln 2
19.) 1
3)1=2 + C
1
2x2
2
2
(3x
5)
9
9.)
160
100
3=2
2)
+C
1
+C
2 (ex + 2)2
2.)
+C
6.)
10.)
2
(x + 1)3=2
3
27 (x3 + 5)9
3.) ln (ex + 1) + C
1
ln 2
2
4.)
4
+C
p
4 x+1+C
7.) ln jln xj + C
11.)
26
3
12.)
2x 1
8.)
+C
4 ln 2
1
ln 7
3
Integrating by Substitution
Lecture Notes
page 3
1.
4x
dx
Solution: Let u =
4x: Then du =
Z
2.
Z8
4x
4x
dx =
4dx and so dx =
1
4
1
du =
4
eu
1
du. We now substitute in the integral
4
eu du =
1 u
e +C =
4
1
e
4
4x
1
e
4
32
+C
dx
Solution:
Z8
4x
1
e
4
dx =
8
4x
0
3.
x2
x3
6x
207
Solution: Let u = x3
integral
Z
x2
x3
4.
1
3
1
e
4
4(8)
4(0)
1
e
4
32
e0 =
1 =
1
4
1
4e32
dx
6x: Then du = 3x2
6x
207
x2
u208
208
6 dx and so dx =
1
(3x2
6)
dx =
1
2 u207
du =
x2
2 u207
(3x2 6)
1 208
1
+C =
u +C =
x3
624
624
6x
1
3 (x2
208
2)
du =
1
3
u207 du
+C
(ln x)8 + 1
dx
x
1
dx and so dx = xdu.
x
Z
Z 8
Z
u +1
u9
(ln x)9
(ln x)8 + 1
8
dx =
x/ du =
u + 1 du =
+u+C =
+ ln x + C
x
x/
9
9
5.
Ze2
(ln x)8 + 1
dx
x
Solution:
Ze2
(ln x)8 + 1
(ln x)9
dx =
+ ln x
x
9
e2
=
1
ln e2
9
9
2
+ ln e
(ln 1)9
+ ln 1
9
29
+2
9
0=
530
9
Integrating by Substitution
Lecture Notes
6.
3x
dx
+ 1)7
(x2
page 4
1
du.
2x
Z
Z
Z
Z
3
1
3
3x 1
3x
du =
du =
u
dx =
u7 2x
2
u7
2
(x2 + 1)7
1
=
+C
2
4 (x + 1)6
7.
Z
( 3x + 4) e
12x3
dx =
3x4 + 1
3x2 +8x
12x3 1
du =
u 12x3
1
+C
4u6
( 3x + 4) e
( 3x + 4) e
1
du.
12x3
1
du = ln juj + C = ln 3x4 + 1 + C
u
dx
3x2 +8x
dx =
=
9.
3u 6
+C =
2 6
1
du.
( 6x + 8)
Z
du = ( 3x + 4) eu
Solution: Let u =
Z2
du =
12x3
dx
3x4 + 1
8.
3x2 +8x
1
( 3x + 4) eu
( 6x + 8)
Z
1
1
1
eu du = eu + C = e
2
2
2
3x2 +8x
1
du
2 ( 3x + 4)
+C
dx
Solution:
Z2
( 3x + 4) e
3x2 +8x
1
dx = e
2
3x2 +8x
10.
20x
(x2
+ 1)20
Z
11.
1
e
2
3(2)2 +8(2)
3(0)2 +8(0)
1 4
e
2
e0 =
1 4
e
2
dx
Solution:
=
0
20x
20
(x2 + 1)
dx =
20x 1
du = 10
u20 2x
20
1
du
2x
du = 10
19
19
+C =
10 2
x +1
19
19
+C
ex
dx
ex + 1
ex
dx =
ex + 1
ex 1
du =
u ex
1
du.
ex
1
du = ln juj + C = ln (ex + 1) + C
u
Last revised:: August 2, 2010
Integrating by Substitution
Lecture Notes
12.
1
2x
page 5
dx
1
1. Then du = 2dx and so dx = du.
2
Z
Z
p
p
1
1
1 1
p
du =
u 1=2 du =
2u1=2 + C = u + C = 2x
dx =
2
2
u 2
1
Solution: Let u = 2x
Z
13.
14.
1
2x
x
dx
x+1
Solution: Let u = x + 1. Then du = dx and also, x = u 1.
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
p
u
1
u 1
1
x
p du =
p
p du =
p
u p du = u1=2
dx =
u
u
u
u
x+1
2 3=2
2
=
u
2u1=2 + C = (x + 1)3=2 2 (x + 1)1=2 + C
3
3
Z15
1+C
1=2
du
x
dx
x+1
Solution:
Z15
x
dx =
x+1
2
(x + 1)3=2
3
15
2 (x + 1)1=2
0
2
2
(15 + 1)3=2 2 (15 + 1)1=2
(0 + 1)3=2 2 (0 + 1)1=2
3
3
2
2 3=2
163=2
2 161=2
1
2 11=2
3
3
2
2
128
2
126
(64) 2 (4)
2 =
8
+2=
6 = 36
3
3
3
3
3
=
=
=
15.
Z3
ex e
ex + e
x
x
dx
Solution: Let u = ex + e
u = e0 + e
Z3
Then du = (ex
x ) dx
ex e
ex + e
x
x
dx =
16.
x:
e3 +e
Z
2
e
u
1
(ex
x)
1
(ex
x)
ex
and so dx =
du =
e3 +e
Z
2
1
du = ln juj
u
e3 +e
= ln e3 + e
ln 2
1
p
dx
x ( x + 1)
p
1
x + 1. Then du = p dx and so dx = 2 xdu.
2 x
Z
Z
Z
p
p
1
1
1
p p
p
du = 2 ln juj + C = 2 ln x + 1 + C
dx =
2 xdu = 2
u
x ( x + 1)
xu
Solution: Let u =
Integrating by Substitution
Lecture Notes
17.
Z1
x2
page 6
8x + 3
dx
x+2
Solution: We will rst work out the indenite integral. We perform the division betweeen the polynomials
rst
x2 8x + 3
23
= x 10 +
x+2
x+2
so the integral is
Z 2
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
x
8x + 3
23
23
1
dx = x 10 +
dx = x 10 dx +
dx = x 10 dx + 23
dx
x+2
x+2
x+2
x+2
The two integrals will be computed using dierent methods. Clearly,
Z
x2
10x + C1
x 10 dx =
2
Z
1
The integral
dx can be computed via substitution. Let u = x + 2. Then du = dx.
x+2
Z
Z
1
1
23
dx = 23
du = 23 ln juj + C2 = 23 ln jx + 2j + C2
x+2
u
x2
8x + 3
dx =
x+2
=
x2
2
x2
2
10x + C1 + 23 ln jx + 2j + C2
10x + 23 ln jx + 2j + C
x2
8x + 3
dx =
x+2
x2
2
10x + 23 ln jx + 2j
=
=
18.
Z1
xe
3x2
12
02
10 (1) + 23 ln j1 + 2j
10 (0) + 23 ln j0 + 2j
2
2
19
+ 23 ln 3 23 ln 2
0:174 302 51
2
dx
Solution: We will rst work out the indenite integral. Let u = 3x2 . Then du =
1
dx =
du.
6x
Z
Z
Z
1
1 u
1 3x2
1
2
xe 3x dx = xeu
du =
eu du =
e +C =
e
+C
6x
6
6
6
To compute the improper integral, we take the limit of denite integrals.
!
Z1
ZN
1 3x2 N
3x2
3x2
xe
dx = lim
xe
dx = lim
e
= lim
N !1
N !1
N !1
6
0
0
3N 2
2
e 3(0 )
=
since lim
1
e
6
6xdx and so
2
N !1 e3N
1
lim e
6 N !1
3N 2
1 =
1
lim 1
6 N !1
1
e3N 2
1
6
= 0.
Integrating by Substitution
Lecture Notes
19.
Z1
3e
3x
page 7
dx
3e
3x
dx =
1
3
3eu
du =
3x. Then du =
eu du =
eu + C =
3dx and so dx =
3x
1
du.
3
+C
3e
3x
dx =
lim
N !1
ZN
3e
3x
3x
dx
since lim
20.
N !1 e3N
lim
N !1
= lim
N !1
3N
3(0)
= lim
N !1
1
e3N
=1
= 0.
2x + 5
p
dx
x 3
Solution: Let u = x
Z
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