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AN ATM CELL BASED TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ON A PON STRUCTURE

G. DU CHAFFAUT

D. CHAPELAIN

- A. MADANI -

S. CARPENTIER

Centre National d'Etudes des Tblbcommunications


route de Tregastel BP 40 22301 Lannion cedex - FRANCE
Tel:733) 96 05 36 04 FAX: (33) 96 05 35 90

Kev words :

be as flexible as possible to allow system evolutions,

Fiber sharing, passive optical network, customer access

without removing and replacing the passive optical

connection,

link. In the following, we focuses only on the FITH

ATM,

local

loop,

broadband

communications, transmissionsystems.

phasis, describing an ATM transmission system and


giving

Abstract:

examples

of

applications to

residential

customers.

An ATM cell based transmissionsystem has been studied


and optimised for fiber sharing in the customer access

2- Video service Drovision :

connection; it is oriented towards B ISDN @revision of

In the case of residential applications, two kinds of

both interactive and distributive services) and take into

broadband services have been identified. Others are

account last CCITT works. A passive tree star topology

not broadband enough to influence the line bit rate.

with standard SM fiber is proposed allowing at least eight


customers to be connected.

Video channels :

A n example of application to residential customers is

Improvements in videocoding could likely result in

presented which takes into account possible evolutionary

distribution codecs at the following bit rates :

steps. It leads to a 622 Mbit/s downstream on one

- normal quality (NQ)

: 34 Mbit/s --> 17 Mbit/s

wavelength and a 2 to 20 Mbit//s per user upstream on

- HDTV (Ha)

: 140 Mbit/s -- > 70 Mbit/s

another wavelentgh.
A PON structure with a 622.080 Mbit/s downstream
1- Introduction :

allows x NQ plus y H Q to be carried depending on the

Moving from the existing copper and coaxial

codec bit rate (e.g. 17 NQ channels at 34 Mbit/s or 35

distribution network to an optical one takes a long

NQ channels at 17 Mbit/s or 4 HQ channels at 140

time and costs a lot of money. So intermediate steps

Mbit/s or 8 HQ channels at 70 Mbit/s). One part of

(e.g. FTTC) for a smooth introduction of the optical

these channels could be broadcasted to every customer

fiber in the local loop are to be found. Introduced after

whereas the other part could be switched TV channels

these steps, optical distribution systems would have to

selected by the customers connected on the same fiber.

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0 1990 IEEE

To improve the efficiency of the selection, a dynamic

The counterparts with fibre sharing are achromatic

allocation of the broadcasted and switched parts is

couplers added at the division point and more

handled.

constraints reported on terminal equipments.


A convenient way to introduce digital distributive

Interactive video semice :

services is the OLO concept as proposed in RACE

Fast video compression technology combined with CD

projects. It relies on the separation between interactive

ROM disk possibilities on one hand and introduction

and distributive services and allows independant

of low cost PC computers at home on the other hand

upgrades of the two kinds of services.

lead to new developments of interactive video


applications. A 1.5 Mbit/s bit rate is required for both

An early step for the introduction of optical fiber in the

directions.

local loop could be to broadcast analog video channels


using SCM with AM or FM modulations on a PON

3- A Dassive tree star structure :

structure (figure 1).

It seems that tree structure is more suitable for

Then using the same structure with a digital

distributive services. Indeed, it looks cheaper to

transmission system (an ATM one is proposed in the

broadcast only once a video service to a group of

following), it is possible to introduce digital video

customers rather than duplicate this service for each

distribution (figure 2).

customer as needed with a point to point topology. The

A next step could be to provide a more integrated

most part of the line bit rate is due to distributive

system as explained figure 3.

services, so it is of great interest to favour such a

The three cases described before have no active point

structure at least for residential customers.

in the access connection to avoid degradation of the

Furthermore, this leads to a reduction of costs for

optical line reliability, decrease the number of

ducts, optical fibers and jointing, and decreases the

maintenance entities to handle, and avoid civil works

number of equipments at the central side.

and need of remote power supply.

: Sub. Carrier

NT2 I

NT

c:+-.
I

figure 7

/;gum 2

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C P 2 UOIII.

NTZTbl

NTI

IUb

*I

LT

I-

figure 3

5- ATM transmission svstem :

the ATM layer. The phasing and access control fields

ATM has been choosen for the following reasons :

following the cell header are protected against line

- We have to cope with a large number of service bit

errors.

rates and their possible evolution in the future


including variable bit rate services.

Scrambling : a 15 stages self synchronized phased

- ATM multiplexing is very convenient for non

scrambler is used with the following advantages :

redondancy transmission when sharing a medium (e.g.

- no error vultiplication or propagation

transmission of distributive services).

- reasonable hardware complexity

- In case of switched TV issued from a remote emitting

point and routed through cross connect nodes, ATM

between cell boundaries and scrambler length)

offers an interesting flexibility.

- good efficiency for transmission aspects

high immunity against malicious user (no relation

- Fiber sharing implies packet oriented transmission


for upstream.

Synchronisation criterias : synchronisation process is

- Confidency between users connected to the same

based on the recognition of a four bytes pattern and

fiber requires to filter information flow. This is simply

confirmed using the CRC code from cell headers as

done by reading cell headers.

shown on the figure 5.

- To move towards an ISDN network switching all


kinds of services, ATM is considered as a good
candidate.
A transmission system has been studied at the U
reference point which is described below :

Maintenance ceZZ : the PL OAM cell (figure 4) is


inserted every 134 cells. It carries F1 (regeneration
section OAM flow) and F2 (digital section OAM flow)
as defined in I610 draft recommendation and use a
specific pattern in the header. This cell is not passed to

non scrumbled par/

.ccrantblcd psrl

figura 4

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Timing characteristics :

Upstream access control :

Propagation time : the maximum length retained to

CMI code is prefered for the upstream specially

connect subscribers to a local exchange (figure 6) is

because of the easy and fast clock recovery associated

(hax).
This covers about 93% of subscribers in

which is very suitable with transmission of non phased

6 km

France (quite similar for other countries in Europe).

blocks.

The maximum distance between the division point and

For low bit rate upstream (2 Mbit/s per user), there is

each subscriber does not exceed 500 meters (lma).

no need to take into account dtt. Access control to the

This gives the following maximum propagation times:

medium is obtained by decoding the MAC field


(Medium Access Control) carried by the PL OAh4 cell
(every 92.0 ps). Each NT is activated during a fixed

time slot (figure 7); if there is no information cell to


transmit, the block is completed with empty cells. A 4
cells fifo is needed in the NT to buffer the upstream
information flow (downstream at 622.080 Mbit/s).

DisDersion time dtt for the DP-NT-DP delay is due to :

- dispersion time dtp from length differences between

-1

usern

DP and NTs :
dtp = 2.lmmtpd
tpd is the optical propagation time

Upgrading the system for higher bit rates (10 to 20

dtp= 5 I . ~ S

Mbit/s per user), leads to take into account dtt (figure

8). This is done when connecting a new NT. The LT

dispersion time dtd from optical and electronic

equipment sends a RFI message (Request For

devices

Identification) to the concerned NT. The new NT

dtd< = 1 ps

answers by sending a message including its UID (User


Identification) and PHS (Phasis Status). Then the LT
processes the correct delay to send to the NT. A PHL
(phasis to load) message is sent and decoded by the
new NT. As previously, a 4 cells fifo buffer is needed.

303.2.4
0123

pj!,
I

rl
\

mer f
mer2

UDI, PHS

Iuser n

Rh

figure 8

7- User eauipment :

8- BiblioeraDhy :

Considering the overcost on user equipment as soon as

CCITT SGXVIII draft recommendations Geneva May 1990

the distance between NT1 and NT2 requires signal


regeneration and maintenance process, it is clearly

MOLENE system.

prefered on a technical and economic point of view to

J. Abiven. ECHO DES RECHERCHES NO138 4th term

set NT1 close to NT2, at least for residential

1989

customers. Obviously, this implies to face and cope


with constraints due to national regulations.

Fiber optic point to multipoint interface. Configuration for


Broadband ISDN

A convenient implementation to reduce the user

Hiroshi Uno and Naoya Aragaki. J. LIGHTWAVE

equipment cost is to use a parallel interface between

TECHNOLOGY vol. 7 NO11 Nov. 1989

NT1 and NT2. It is based on primitives exchanged


between ATM and TC layers (I321 CCIIT draft

Experimental data link using SM fiber and ping pong

recommendation ):

transmission

- the TC layer provides to the ATM layer: data

A. Jaillard, H. Prigent, Y. Guillauseau. EFOC LAN 1989

indication

- the ATM layer provides to the TC layer: data request

Broadband Upgrade Options for Passive Optical Networks


J.R. Stern, A.R. Beaumont, D.W. Faulkner, D.B. Payne,

In case of no cell available (empty cells or cells issued

J.W. Ballance IEEE Workshop on PON May 1990.

for other users in case of fiber sharing), no data is


passed through the parallel interface.

A Study of Optical Passive Bus Network K. IGUCHI


IEEE Workshop on PON May 1990.

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