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- dimensioning
Huhtala 2010
Tp
Tm
Cm
Cp
p p
Qlp
pm
pC p
Q p C p Qlp
vp
hmp
tp
Huhtala 2010
Q
pC p
m Cm
m
Qlm
Q mCm Qlm
vm
m Cm
Q
p C p p p C p p p
pT p
Tp
hmp
Qp p
tp
pT p
TL
mTm
mCm pm
mTm
Qpm
Tm
Cm pm
Huhtala 2006
Flow types
Laminar:
Flow rate is linearly dependent on pressure. Flow rate
is dependent on oil viscosity, which is changing as a
function of temperature. Q K p , K is dependent on
flow area shape and lenght.
Turbulent:
Flow rate is nonlinearly dependent on pressure. Oil
viscosity is not effecting to flow rate. Q K p
or
2p
Q Cq A
Huhtala 2006
Tp
Tm
Cm
Cp
p
Qlp k p p
TL
Qlm k m p
pC p
m Cm
V0 d p
mCm k m p
B dt
C
p
k pkm V0 d p
m p p
Cm Cm
Cm B dt
Q p C p k p p
Huhtala 2006
Cm max
C m min
Cp
C p max
m kCp
m pC p
p const
p const
Cm const
Huhtala 2006
Cm
C p max
Cm max
1
Cm
Displacement
control of pump
and motor
Cm
1
Cm max 3
Cm
1
Cm max 2
m
p
Cm
1
Cm max
Cp
C p max
1/3
Huhtala 2006
1/2
Cp
C p max
Cm
C m max
1
2
Load types
Constant torque or force
Constant power
Inertia force
Tm T
Fm F
Pm Tm m P
Pm Fm vm F
d m
dt
dv
Fm m m
dt
Tm J
d m
f m
dt
dv
Fm m m fvm
dt
Tm J
Huhtala 2006
m p
m p
Constant power
Cp
Cm
Cp
Cm
T
C hmm
2
m
k m
P
k pkm V0 d P
QC m tm
Cm B dt Qtm
V0
d 2 m
d m
k p k m 2
m p
J
C m C m2 hmm
dt
dt
C
B
m
hmm
Cp
Inertia force
V0
d 2 m f k p k m
V f d m
d m
k p k m 2
m p
2
J
2
m 2 0
C m C m hmm
dt
dt
dt
C
B
C
B
m
hmm
m hmm
m
hmm
Cp
Huhtala 2006
Example 1
Hydrostatic drive consists of variable displacement pump and constant
displacement motor
Qmax = 500 ml/s
Volumetric displacement of the motor Vm = 2Cm = 25 ml/r
System maximum pressure pmax = 70 bar
Efficiecies are 100%
Define
Maximum power
Maximum rotational speed
Maximum torque at motor axle
If constant output power is 2 kW, so define
Minimum rotational speed
Torque, when motor is running at full speed
If the torque is constant at lower rotational speeds than minimum speed, so
define the rotational speed when 20% of the system maximum power is reached
Huhtala 2006
Example 1
Max Power
Pm ax pm axQ m ax 70 105 500 106 W
3500W
Max rotational speed
Q
500
nm m ax m ax
r/s 20 r/s
Vm
25
Max torque
25 106
Tm C m pm ax
70 105 Nm
2
27.87 Nm
Huhtala 2006
Tm
700W 2n 27.87 Nm
n 4 r/s ( 11.43 r/s)
Hydrostatic drive
V gp
V gm
n p , vp
T p , mhp
nm , vm
Q
Tm , mhm
i
Dieselmoottori
Fa ma g
P, n
Tr ,n r
f ,
Huhtala 2006
v
F
F [N]
F (max)
F (min)
Piste 1
Corner power
F(max), v(max)
Piste 2
v (max)
Huhtala 2006
v [km/h]
Huhtala 2006
Example continues
Corner power
PCP
F [kN]
1
Corner power
(Nurkka teho)
Moottorin
teho
Conversion ratio
3
4
V [km/h]
Huhtala 2006
35000
W 97.2 KW
3600
PCP
PDhst gear
97.2
7.3
19.7 0.8 0.85
R p Rm R 7.3 2.7
Huhtala 2006
Example continues
In our case it should be used variable displacement units,
because the conversion ratio is 7.3.
If we are using variable displacement pump and constant motor,
the pump size will be increasing. That is because the whole
conversion range will be executed by means of the pump
Rp 7.3 ja Rm 1
Huhtala 2006
Vp
Fvaad vvaad
pmaxn phst gear Rm
Huhtala 2006
Example continues
The size of the hydraulic motor is defined as
Vm
Fvaad vvaad
pm axnm m ax mhm gear
where
nm m ax
Huhtala 2006
vvaad igear
r
Example continues
According to the equations the size
of the components will be as
defined in the table. The gear ratio
between hydraulic motor and
wheel is igear = 18.
Kardaani
Diesel
Variable pump/
Constant motor
Variable pump/
variable motor
pmax (bar)
350
400
350
400
66/71
57/56
26/25
23/25
48/46
42/42
48/46
42/44
Huhtala 2006
Kardaani
Jakovaihde
Tasauspyrst
Tasauspyrst
Drive Diagram
1.0
1000
0.9
900
0.8
0.7
700
0.6
600
0.5
500
0.4
400
0.3
300
0.2
200
100
0
0
Hydraulic efficiency
2
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0.1
0
[km /h]
Velocity v
Proj. resp.
Date 07.12.2004
No.
File VPVM.FA4
FADI 4.1
IHA/Huhtala
[daN ]
Drive Diagram
1.0
1200
0.9
1100
Both variable
0.8
1000
900
0.7
800
0.6
700
0.5
600
0.4
500
400
0.3
300
0.2
200
100
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
Velocity v
Proj. resp.
Date 07.12.2004
Huhtala 2006
No.
File VPFM.FA4
FADI 4.1
IHA/Huhtala
35
0.1
0
[km /h]
Hydraulic efficiency
800
Variable pump /
constant motor
Example continues
When using low speed motors the size of the motors are Vm =
160 cm3/r (4 motors). The pump size is almost the same as
previous case.
Diesel
Huhtala 2006
900
850
800
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
Drive Diagram
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
10
20
30
Velocity v
Proj. resp.
Date 07.12.2004
Huhtala 2006
1.0
No.
File VPFM.FA4
FADI 4.1
IHA/Huhtala
40
20
[km/h]
Hydraulic efficiency
[daN]