Power Transmission and Distribution

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Power Transmission and Distribution

Communication in Substations with IEC 61850

Ruggedcom Switch Configuration
Markus Spangler, Siemens AG, PTD EA 13

02/2007

Power Transmission and Distribution

Design rules for optical rings

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

1. A maximum of 30 SIPROTEC devices is permitted per ring. This is also true

if multiple rings are connected to one switch.
2. If two switches are used, they should be directly connected with one
another.
3. If two switches are used, the output of information is redundant if the
information is obtained from both switches; this means that in case of a
failure of one switch all information is still available.
4. If two or more switches are used, the rings should always be connected to
different switches. The switches should be connected with one another.
5. The ends of rings with SIPROTEC 4 devices should always be connected to
two switches which are in turn connected with one another.
6. If rings contain more than one switch, the switches must be taken into
account for the total number of users.
7. If more than one external switch in used in a ring, the max. number of
SIPROTEC devices must be calculeted according the formula:
Number of SIPROTEC 4 devices + 3*number of ext. switches < 34
05/2007

Power Transmission and Distribution

Optical module with integrated switch and ring

redundancy
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Optical ring
with 27
devices / ring
(max. val)

just 2 external switches necessary

05/2007

Power Transmission and Distribution

Terms
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Bridge:
A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer
(layer 2) of the OSI model. Bridges are similar to repeaters or network hubs,
devices that connect network segments at the physical layer, however a
bridge works by using bridging where traffic from one network is managed
rather than simply rebroadcast to adjacent network segments
This method uses a forwarding database to send frames across network
segments. The forwarding database is initially empty and entries in the
database are built as the bridge receives frames. If an address entry is not
found in the forwarding database, the frame will be broadcasted to all ports
of the bridge, except the source address. By means of these broadcast
frames, the destination network will respond and a route will be created.
Along with recording the network segment to which a particular frame is to
be sent, bridges may also record a bandwidth metric to avoid looping when
multiple paths are available. Devices that have this transparent bridging
functionality are also known as adaptive bridges.

05/2007

Power Transmission and Distribution

Terms
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

HUB:
An Ethernet hub or concentrator is a device for connecting multiple twisted
pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices together, making them act as a single
segment. Hubs work at the physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI model. The
device is thus a form of multiport repeater. Ethernet hubs are also
responsible for forwarding a jam signal to all ports if it detects a collision
(collision domain).
A hubbed Ethernet network behaves like a shared-medium, that is, only one
device can successfully transmit at a time and each host remains
responsible for collision detection and retransmission.
n Ethernet hub, or repeater, is a fairly unsophisticated broadcast device.
Hubs do not manage any of the traffic that comes through them, and any
packet entering any port is broadcast out on every other port (every port
other than the port of entry).

05/2007

Power Transmission and Distribution

Terms
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Switch:
A switch is a networking device that performs transparent bridging (connection of
multiple network segments with forwarding based on MAC addresses) at up to the
speed of the hardware. Common hardware includes switches, which can connect
at 10, 100, or 1000 megabits per second (Mbit/s), at half or full duplex. Half duplex
means that the device can only send or receive at any given time, whereas full
duplex can send and receive at the same time.
If a network has only switches and no hubs then the collision domains are either
reduced to a single link or, if both ends support full duplex, eliminated altogether
There are four forwarding methods a switch can use:
Store and forward - The switch buffers and, typically, performs a checksum on
each frame before forwarding it on.
Cut through - The switch only reads up to the frame's hardware address before
starting to forward it. There is no error checking with this method.
Fragment free - A method which attempts to retain the benefits of both "Store and
Forward" and "Cut-through". Fragment Free checks the first 64 bytes of the frame,
where addressing information is stored. This way the frame will always reach its
intended destination. Error checking of the actual data in the packet is left for the
end device in Layer 3 or Layer 4 (OSI), typically a router.
Adaptive switching - A method of automatically switching between the other three
modes.
05/2007

Power Transmission and Distribution

Terms
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Router:
A router is a layer 3 computer networking device that buffers and forwards
data packets across an internetwork toward their destinations, through a
process known as routing. Routing occurs at layer 3 (the Network layer e.g.
IP) of the OSI seven-layer protocol stack.
A router acts as a junction between two or more networks to buffer and
transfer data packets among them.
Gateway:
is a node that serves as an entrance to another network, and vice-versa.
Gateways are most commonly used to transfer data between private
networks and the internet.

05/2007

Power Transmission and Distribution

Configuration of rugged-Switches:
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

1.) By hyperterminal
2.) by telnet
3.) by Internet Explorer

2./3.): The IP-Address of the switches must be configured first with

hyperterminal

Interesting information

http://www.ruggedcom.com/whitepapers.html
05/2007

Power Transmission and Distribution

Configuration of rugged-Switches with hyperterminal

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

05/2007

Power Transmission and Distribution

Establishing the hyperterminal connection:

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

05/2007

10

Power Transmission and Distribution

Configuring the hyperterminal connection

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

1.) Establish the communication via Null-Modem-Cable 1:1 extension (or

via 2pcs of DIGSI-cables) to the RS232 port of the switch
2.) Press Enter

05/2007

11

Power Transmission and Distribution

Configuring the hyperterminal connection

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

3.) Insert username and password admin and the main menu will appear

05/2007

12

Power Transmission and Distribution

Configuring the hyperterminal connection

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

4.) Set the IP-address of the switch by Administration, => Configure IP

Services,
the factory default IP-address of the switch is 192.168.0.1

Att: To transmit a config.csv-file by hyperterminal or tftp the tftp-Server must

be enabled
05/2007

13

Power Transmission and Distribution

Configuring the hyperterminal connection

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

5.) Set some system identification for the switch

Administration, => System Identification

05/2007

14

Power Transmission and Distribution

Configuring the hyperterminal connection

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

6.) Set the time and date Administration, => Configure Time and Date

7.) Leave hyperterminal and ping the IP-address of the switch to check
the communication
05/2007

15

Power Transmission and Distribution

Preparation of Internet Explorer

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

2.
4.
3.

No proxy server

1.

05/2007

16

Power Transmission and Distribution

Preparation of Internet Explorer

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

If you have to use the proxy server than you have to set the IP-addresses
of all bus-participants under Exceptions`

2.
4.

3.

No proxy server

1.

05/2007

17

Power Transmission and Distribution

Configuring the switch with telnet:

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Further settings can be done

more comfortable with telnet

user name:
admin
Password:
admin

05/2007

18

Power Transmission and Distribution

Configuring the switch with Internet Explorer:

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Further settings can be done

more comfortable with the Internet Explorer
login-menu

used FW-verison of the

switch, use always the
newest one, if possible

factory default
Username: admin
Password: admin
05/2007

19

Power Transmission and Distribution

Configuring the switch with Internet Explorer:

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Main Menu of the switch

05/2007

20

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Administration
most important are:
Configure IP Services
Parameters
time and date
(SNTP)

05/2007

21

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Ethernet Ports
most important are:
Configure Port
Parameters
Configure Port
Mirroring
(troubleshooting)

05/2007

22

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Recommended settings in further topics of main menu of RUGGEDCOM:

Ethernet Ports => Configure Port Parameters

FO
Ports

05/2007

23

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

for switch-to-switch Ports (Ring) set

the parameter like in the picture

05/2007

24

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Ethernet ports
most important are:
Bridge RSTP Parameters
Port RSTP Parameter

05/2007

25

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Recommended settings in further topics of main menu of RUGGEDCOM:

Spanning Tree => Configure Bridge RSTP Parameters

eRSTP just in pure Ruggedcom rings

0= highest priority

05/2007

26

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Hello-Telegrams:
The entire RSTP algoriths is based on ring control telegrams, the hello telegrams,
which are repeated in a Hello Time interval. These telegrams originate from the
designated port, which has always a matching root port. The aging time (MaxAgeTime)
stored in the root bridge is entered in the telegram to be transmitted. This time is of
prime importance for determining the stability of a ring. The Hello Time is a
configurable parameter which is set by default to 2 seconds.
Aging time:
Hello telegrams are subject to aging; the aging time is incremented internally in each
switch, and used when a new hello telegram is transmitted via the root port. (defaultvalue: 20 seconds)
Transmit Counter:max. amount of messages after reconfiguration. Value can be set
to 100, value should be higher than the amount of switches. (default-value: 32)
Forward Delay:
duration in which the switch learns the MAC-addresses of the connected devices
without forwarding the traffic (learning state). With a low value the forwarding state will
be reached earlier, but the disadvantage is that unlearned MAC-addresses will be
flooded to all ports (default-value: 15 seconds)
listening-delay is also referenced to forward delay

05/2007

27

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Bridge Priority:
Bridge priority is used to determine the Root-Bridge
Root-Bridge is the switch with the lowest ID
Root-Bridge should be in the center of the network
if all switches use the same priority, the switch with the lowest MAC-address
will be the Root-Bridge automatically
Cost Style:
choose RSTP with 32 bit
the dedicated physical links will be allocated costs in that way. The costs
are more like an indication of the available bandwidth of this segment. With
these values the segment for the logical separation of the ring will be done.

05/2007

28

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Recommended settings in further topics of main menu of RUGGEDCOM:

Spanning Tree => Configure Port RSTP Parameters

FO ring Ports

05/2007

29

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

design rules for Edge Ports (True/False)

If the connected devices are not able to build up a ring, the appropriate port
of the external switch must be set as edge port.

SIPROTEC 4 devices which are directly connected via an electrical interface

need an edge port.
SIPROTEC 4 devices with optical interface which are set to line mode need
an edge port.
SIPROTEC 4 devices with optical interface which are set to switch mode
must never be connected to an edge port.
External switches forming a ring must never be connected to an edge port,
since it does not allow to form a ring.

RSTP-Port-Priority can be left to factory default (128)

05/2007

30

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

VLAN
With inserting addtitional informationbits to the ethernet frame a LAN
segment can be devided in several independent subnets.
An existing physical switch can segmented in different logical switches
in that way.
So called trunk ports can carry frames of different VLAN.
Subscriber of a VLAN can communicate to each other furthermore.
GOOSE messages work with VLAN-Tagging.
A certain part of this information of the ethernet frame contains the
priority bit.
With a VLAN you separate your network in different broadcast domains,
so you reach a lower networkload in case of broadcasts.
For communication between the different VLAN you need a layer 3
instance, a router.
With VLAN you can save components (and thereby money) because
logical devided networks run on the same plattform
05/2007

31

Power Transmission and Distribution

VLAN - how it works

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

05/2007

32

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

VLAN
most important are:
Global VLAN
Parameters
Port VLAN
Parameters

05/2007

33

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Here you can activate the

VLAN awareness

05/2007

34

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

here you can choose port type:

edge or trunk
the number of the VLAN-ID
and the choice of tagged/untagged

05/2007

35

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

here you can create

additional VLANs
give them names
and insert forbidden ports
IGMP (for multicast
grouping) set default to off

05/2007

36

Power Transmission and Distribution

Switch settings
Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Alarming

Alarm = on means, that every link down of this port will be indicaded at
the fail-safe contact and be transmitted via SNMP as well. This feature is
usefull for trunk connections and ports with always connected and active
devices
05/2007
37

Power Transmission and Distribution

Power Automation

Progress. Its that simple.

Thank you very much for your attention.

05/2007

38