Power Transmission and Distribution

OSI Layer Reference Model Protocol Stack

No. 1 with
Energy Automation

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

APPLICATION LAYER:
This top layer, the easiest one to access in the OSI
model, defines the way in which applications,
including e-mail, file transfer and client/server
software, communicate with each other.
PRESENTATION LAYER:
This layer governs the way data is presented.
Essentially, it translates messages between nodes
(stations on the network), using text compression,
security encryption and other forms of data
conversion.
SESSION LAYER:
This layer coordinates communications by
managing the interaction between an end user and
a resource on the network. In other words, it
keeps everything tidy and running smoothly
throughout a session, from log in to log out.

Energy Automation

Satish Bhat

Aug-09

Page 26

Power Transmission and Distribution

OSI Layer Reference Model Protocol Stack

No. 1 with
Energy Automation

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Energy Automation

TRANSPORT LAYER:
This layer polices data integrity and validity
across the network. It breaks up large messages
into smaller packets (also known as frames) that
can be sent by the Data Link Layer below. It also
detects any lost packets and confirms the
delivery of a complete message at the receiving
end.
NETWORK LAYER:
This layer controls the routing of messages
across different networks. Routable network
protocols have a network address and a node
address so packets can be forwarded across the
entire network. The Network Layer also controls
flow and traffic management.

Satish Bhat

Aug-09

Page 27

Power Transmission and Distribution

OSI Layer Reference Model Protocol Stack

No. 1 with
Energy Automation

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Energy Automation

DATA LINK LAYER:

This layer is the mechanism used to synchronize
and control the exchange of data from node to
node and check errors in the information
received. At this layer, data transmits in
topology-specific frames, such as Ethernet or
token ring frames.
PHYSICAL LAYER:
This lowest layer is charged with passing data to
and from the physical media that connect nodes.
It deals with the wire, the network adapter, the
electrical signals, etc., and controls the flow of
information between devices.

Satish Bhat

Aug-09

Page 28