Pro
1) National Security
a) Israel
i) Draft speeches
ii) Occupation of Palestine
iii) Terrorism
b) Revolving door of Pentagon
i) 288 legislators now involved with
military contractors (Impact?)
2) Increase partisanship
a) Debate decreases
b) Fail to compromise 75% of time
3) Stifles progress in reforms
a) American Medical Association
b) Chamber of Commerce
c) Clean Energy Security Act
4) Disparity between rich and poor
a) U of Chicago – For every 10% more
spent, 6% less chance of success
5) Stopped production of electric car
a) Who Killed the Electric Car
6) Lobbyists have too much influence
a) 15:1 compared to public interest
groups – Lee Drutman
b) 25:1 compared to all other lobbyists
c) 22,000% return on investment -
MSNBC
7) Lobbying caused recession
a) Lobbying linked to high risk lending
i) http://www.responsiblelending.org/
tools-resources/headlines/IMF-
Study-Links-Lobbying-by-US-
Banks-to-High-Risk-Lending.html
ii) http://www.guardian.co.uk/busines
s/2010/jan/04/imf-study-links-
lobbying-high-risk-lending
8) Lobbying caused stalemate on climate
change talks
9) Archer Daniels Midland has pushed
ethanol subsidies, costing billions
a) http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-
241.html
10) Influence on Congress
a) 5 democrat senators took 19 million
and voted against health care reform
i) http://rawstory.com/2009/2009/09/
democratic-opponents-of-public-
option-faulted-for-health-industry-
Con
1) Citizen Participation
a) Wealthy always have more influence
i) U. of Chicago
ii) CATO – “Look to curry favor with
deep pockets”
b) Uniquely involves citizens
i) Baumgartner – Create public
legitimacy
(1) “In a world without lobbying…”
2) Serves Public Interests
a) NAACP, GLBT, Women’s Suffrage,
MADD, Seatbelts
i) Clarence Mitchell, Jr. (Library of
Congress via Wiki) - NAACP
ii) MADD has saved over 300,000
lives
(http://www.madd.org/getattachmen
t/719560b1-b2c2-4bac-a35e-
baf7568080fa/2007-2008-Annual-
Report--PDF.aspx)
iii) Seat Belts – saved 147,000 lives
(http://www-
nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-
01/esv/esv18/CD/Files/18ESV-
000500.pdf)
iv) Children’s Defense Fund -
champion policies and
programs that lift children
out of poverty; protect them
from abuse and neglect; and
ensure their access to health
care, quality education, and
a moral and spiritual
foundation.
3) Amicus Curiae Briefs
a) Improved Supreme Court decisions
b) Legitimacy of Supreme Court
4) Saved Genetic Engineering
5) Legislators cannot function without
a) Two types of information
i) Technical Info
ii) Constituent Info
(1) Identify a problem (GLBT)
b) 10,000 bills per year
i) No time, funding, or staff to learn
about all
6) F22 ceased
 ties/
b) 9 republican senators received $17
million to vote against health care –
Public Campaign Action Fund
i) http://www.campaignmoney.org/pr
essroom/2009/06/08/senators-who-
signed-letter-opposing-public-
health-plan-took-17-7-million-in-
campaign-cash-from-health-care-
Sources:
The People’s Business by Lee Drutman –
Chapter 6 – “Saving our Country from a
Corporate Takeover” (much is available on
Google Books).
http://www.pbs.org/moyers/moyersonamerica/
print/lobbyingclass_print.html
7) Harms Exaggerated
a) No significant effect on change
b) Corp. not fighting with public (2%
against public interest)
c) Align with values
8) Public Interest groups have “unique,
non-monetary resources” such as public
appeal and media access.
9) Lobbyists only lobby those who already
agree with side
10) Lobbyists will not mislead; their reputation
is to important
a) Political suicide
11) Big corporations use lobbying to do good
a) Shell Oil – Gulf Coast Wetlands
Restoration -2010
b) Exxonmobil
12) Gives individuals a chance to participate in
democracy (aside from voting)
13) There are lobbies on both sides of 98% of
all issues (CATO—can’t find source).
14) Required for research grants
a) http://www.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_
chem/Exobiology/politics.html
15) Easily dismissed as “special” interests until
they are yours.
16) Money only makes a 4% difference –
Baumgartner – Lobbying and Policy
Change
Sources: Lobbying and Policy Change by Frank
Baumgartner
Who Killed the Electric Car? (Video)
PRO

1) National Security
a) Israel
i) Draft speeches
ii) Occupation of Palestine
iii) Terrorism
b) Revolving door of Pentagon
i) 288 legislators now involved with military contractors (Impact?)
2) Increase partisanship
a) Debate decreases
b) Fail to compromise 75% of time
3) Stifles progress in reforms
a) American Medical Association
b) Chamber of Commerce
c) Clean Energy Security Act
4) Disparity between rich and poor
a) U of Chicago – For every 10% more spent, 6% less chance of success
5) Stopped production of electric car
a) Who Killed the Electric Car
6) Lobbyists have too much influence
a) 15:1 compared to public interest groups – Lee Drutman
b) 25:1 compared to all other lobbyists
c) 22,000% return on investment - MSNBC
7) Lobbying caused recession
a) Lobbying linked to high risk lending
i) http://www.responsiblelending.org/tools-resources/headlines/IMF-Study-Links-
Lobbying-by-US-Banks-to-High-Risk-Lending.html
ii) http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/jan/04/imf-study-links-lobbying-high-risk-
lending
8) Lobbying caused stalemate on climate change talks
9) Archer Daniels Midland has pushed ethanol subsidies, costing billions
a) http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-241.html
10) Causes Congress to Ignore Constituents
a) 5 democrat senators took 19 million and voted against health care reform (when 81% of
democrats approved_
i) http://rawstory.com/2009/2009/09/democratic-opponents-of-public-option-faulted-
for-health-industry-ties/
b) 9 republican senators received $17 million to vote against health care – Public Campaign
Action Fund (when only 42% approved)
i) http://www.campaignmoney.org/pressroom/2009/06/08/senators-who-signed-letter-
opposing-public-health-plan-took-17-7-million-in-campaign-cash-from-health-care-
11) Lobbyists push for ethanol caused food crisis leading to increased poverty
a) “The Global Food Fight” – Foreign Policy, June 16, 2008

Sources:
The People’s Business by Lee Drutman – Chapter 6 – “Saving our Country from a Corporate
Takeover” (much is available on Google Books).
http://www.pbs.org/moyers/moyersonamerica/print/lobbyingclass_print.html
CON

1) Citizen Participation
a) Wealthy always have more influence
i) U. of Chicago
ii) CATO – “Look to curry favor with deep pockets”
b) Uniquely involves citizens
i) Baumgartner – Create public legitimacy
(1) “In a world without lobbying…”
2) Serves Public Interests
a) NAACP, GLBT, Women’s Suffrage, MADD, Seatbelts
i) Clarence Mitchell, Jr. (Library of Congress via Wiki)
b) Seat Belts – saved 147,000 lives
3) Amicus Curiae Briefs
a) Improved Supreme Court decisions
b) Legitimacy of Supreme Court
4) Saved Genetic Engineering
5) Legislators cannot function without
a) Two types of information
i) Technical Info
ii) Constituent Info
(1) Identify a problem (GLBT)
b) 10,000 bills per year
i) No time, funding, or staff to learn about all
6) F22 ceased
7) Harms Exaggerated
a) No significant effect on change
b) Corp. not fighting with public (2% against public interest)
c) Align with values
8) Public Interest groups have “unique, non-monetary resources” such as public appeal and
media access.
9) Lobbyists only lobby those who already agree with side
10) Lobbyists will not mislead; their reputation is to important
a) Political suicide
11) Big corporations use lobbying to do good
a) Shell Oil – Gulf Coast Wetlands Restoration -2010
b) Exxonmobil
12) Gives individuals a chance to participate in democracy (aside from voting)
13) There are lobbies on both sides of 98% of all issues (CATO—can’t find source).
14) Required for research grants
a) http://www.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/Exobiology/politics.html
15) Easily dismissed as “special” interests until they are yours.
16) Money only makes a 4% difference – Baumgartner – Lobbying and Policy Change

Sources:
Lobbying and Policy Change by Frank Baumgartner
Who Killed the Electric Car? (Video)