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CSS2ReferenceGuide

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ThisisacompletereferenceguideforwebdeveloperswherehavedwelistedalltheCSS
propertiesdefinedintheWorldWideWebConsortium'sRecommendedSpecificationfor
CascadingStyleSheets,Level2
Aural
Background
Border
Classification
Dimension
Font

GeneratedContent
ListandMarker
Margin
Outlines
Padding
Positioning

Table
Text
Print
Pseudoclasses
Pseudoelements

Clickanypropertytoseeitsdescriptionwithexamples:
Property
azimuth

Description
Describesthepositionofasoundsourcealongthehorizontalaxisof
thelistener'senvironment.
Compositepropertyforthefollowingproperties:

background

backgroundattachment
backgroundcolor
backgroundimage
backgroundposition
backgroundrepeat

background
attachment

Determinesifthebackgroundimageisfixedinthewindoworscrollsas
thedocumentscrolls

backgroundcolor

Setsthebackgroundcolorofanelement

backgroundimage

Setsthebackgroundimageofanelement

backgroundposition

Setstheinitialpositionoftheelement'sbackgroundimage,if
specifiedvaluesnormallyarepairedtoprovidex,ypositionsdefault
positionis0%0%.

backgroundrepeat

Determineshowthebackgroundimageisrepeated(tiled)acrossan
element

border

Setsallfourofanelement'sbordersvalueisoneormoreofacolor,a
valueforborderwidth,andavalueforborderstyle

borderbottom

Setsanelement'sbottombordervalueisoneormoreofacolor,a
valueforborderbottomwidth,andavalueforborderstyle

borderbottomwidth

Setsthethicknessofanelement'sbottomborder.

bordercollapse

Setsthetableborderrenderingalgorithm

bordercolor

Setsthecolorofallfourofanelement'sbordersdefaultisthecolorof
theelement
Setsthecolorofanelement'sleftbordersdefaultisthecolorofthe

borderleftcolor

element

borderrightcolor

Setsthecolorofanelement'srightbordersdefaultisthecolorofthe
element

bordertopcolor

Setsthecolorofanelement'stopbordersdefaultisthecolorofthe
element

borderbottomcolor

Setsthecolorofanelement'sbottombordersdefaultisthecolorof
theelement

borderleft

Setsanelement'sleftbordervalueisoneormoreofacolor,avalue
forborderleftwidth,andavalueforborderstyle.

borderleftwidth

Setsthethicknessofanelement'sleftborder

borderright

Setsanelement'srightbordervalueisoneormoreofacolor,avalue
forborderrightwidth,andavalueforborderstyle.

borderrightwidth

Setsthethicknessofanelement'srightborder

borderspacing

Withseparateborderssetthespacingbetweenborders.Onevaluesets
verticalandhorizontalspacingandtwovaluessetshorizontaland
verticalspacingrespectively.

borderstyle

Setsthestyleofallfourofanelement'sborders

bordertop

Setsanelement'stopbordervalueisoneormoreofacolor,avalue
forbordertopwidth,andavalueforborderstyle

bordertopwidth

Setsthethicknessofanelement'stopborder.

borderwidth

Setsthethicknessofallfourofanelement'sborders

bottom

Usedwiththepositionpropertytoplacethebottomedgeofanelement

captionside

Setsthepositionforatablecaption

clear

Setswhichmarginsofanelementmustnotbeadjacenttoafloating
elementtheelementismoveddownuntilthatmarginisclear

clip

Setstheclippingmaskforanelement

color

Setsthecolorofanelement

content

Insertsgeneratedcontentaroundanelement.

counterincrement

Incrementsacounterby1valueisalistofcounternames,witheach
nameoptionallyfollowedbyavaluebywhichitisincremented.

counterreset

Resetsacountertozerovalueisalistofcounternames,witheach
nameoptionallyfollowedbyavaluetowhichitisreset.

cueafter

Playsthedesignatedsoundafteranelementisspoken

cuebefore

Playsthedesignatedsoundbeforeanelementisspoken

cursor

Definesshapofthecursor

direction

Definesdirectionoftheflowofanelementcontent

display

Controlshowanelementisdisplayed

elevation

Setstheheightatwhichasoundisplayed

emptycells

Withseparateborders,hidesemptycellsinatable

float

Determinesifanelementfloatstotheleftorright,allowingtextto
wraparounditorbedisplayedinline
Setsallthefontattributesforanelement.Valueisanyofthevalues
for:

font

fontstyle
fontvariant
fontweight
fontsize

lineheight
fontfamily
fontfamily

Definesthefontforanelement,eitherasaspecificfontorasoneof
thegenericserif,sansserif,cursive,fantasy,andmonospace.

fontsize

Definesthefontsize

fontsizeadjust

Adjuststhecurrentfont'saspectratio

fontstretch

Determinestheamounttostretchthecurrentfont

fontstyle

Definesthestyleoftheface,eithernormalorsometypeofslanted
style

fontvariant

Definesafonttobeinsmallcaps

fontweight

Definesthefontweight.ifanumberisused,itmustbeamultipleof
100between100and900400isnormal,700isthesameasthe
keywordbold

height

Definestheheightofanelement

left

Usedwiththepositionpropertytoplacetheleftedgeofanelement

letterspacing

Insertsadditionalspacebetweentextcharacters

lineheight

Setsthedistancebetweenadjacenttextbaselines
Defineslistrelatedstylesusinganyofthevaluesfor:

liststyle

liststyleimage

liststyleimage
liststyleposition
liststyletype
Definesanimagetobeusedasalistitem'smarker,inlieuofthe
valuefor:
liststyletype

liststyleposition

Indentsorextends(default)alistitem'smarkerwithrespecttothe
item'scontent

liststyletype

Definesalistitem'smarkereitherforunorderedlists(circle,disc,or
square)orfororderedlists(decimal,loweralpha,lowerroman,none,
upperalpha,orupperroman)

margin

Definesallfourofanelement'smargins

marginbottom

Definesthebottommarginofanelement.Defaultvalueis0.

marginleft

Definestheleftmarginofanelement.Defaultvalueis0.

marginright

Definestherightmarginofanelement.Defaultvalueis0.

margintop

Definesthetopmarginofanelement.Defaultvalueis0.

markeroffset

Themarkeroffsetpropertycanbeusedinbulletedlistsforspecifying
thedistancebetweenthenearestborderedgesofamarkerbox(or
bullet)anditsassociatedprincipalbox.

marks

Themarkspropertyisusedtosetcropmarksandcrossmarkson
pagedmedia.Thisisusedwiththe@pagerule.

maxheight

maxheightpropertyisusedtoconstraintheheightofanelement.

maxwidth

maxwidthpropertyisusedtosetthemaximumwidthofanelement.

minheight

minheightpropertyisusedtoconstraintheheightofanelement.

minwidth

minwidthpropertyisusedtoconstrainthewidthofanelement.

orphans

Setstheminimumnumberoflinesallowedinanorphanedparagraph

fragment
outline

Theoutlinepropertyisashorthandpropertytospecifyalloutline
properties.

outlinecolor

Theoutlinecolorpropertyisusedtospecifythecoloroftheoutline.
Notethat,unliketheborderproperty,outlinedoesnottakeupextra
spaceanditcanbenonrectangular.

outlinecolorstyle

Theoutlinestylepropertyisusedtospecifythestyleoftheoutline.
Notethat,unliketheborderproperty,outlinedoesnottakeupextra
spaceanditcanbenonrectangular.

outlinewidth

Theoutlinecolorpropertyisusedtospecifythecoloroftheoutline.
Notethat,unliketheborderproperty,outlinedoesnottakeupextra
spaceanditcanbenonrectangular.

overflow

Determineshowoverflowcontentisrendered

padding

Definesallfourpaddingamountsaroundanelement

paddingbottom

Definesthebottompaddingofanelement.Defaultvalueis0

paddingleft

Definestheleftpaddingofanelement.Defaultvalueis0

paddingright

Definestherightpaddingofanelement.Defaultvalueis0

paddingtop

Definesthetoppaddingofanelement.Defaultvalueis0

page

Associatesanamedpagelayoutwithanelement

pagebreakafter

Forcesorsuppressespagebreaksafteranelement.

pagebreakbefore

Forcesorsuppressespagebreaksbeforeanelement.

pagebreakinside

Suppressespagebreakswithinanelement

pause

ThepausepropertyisCSSshorthandforspecifyingshorthandproperty
forspecifyingpausesinauralmedia.

pauseafter

Pausesamediaafterspeakinganelement

pausebefore

Pausesamediabeforespeakinganelement

pitch

Setstheaveragepitchofanelement'sspokencontent

pitchrange

Setstherangeofthepitch,from0(flat)to100(broad)defaultis50

playduring

IfaURLisprovided,itisplayedduringanelement'sspokencontent.
specifyingrepeatloopstheaudiomixcausesittomixwith,rather
thanreplace,otherbackgroundaudio.

position

Setsthepositioningmodelforanelement

quotes

Setsthequotesymbolsusedtoquotetext

richness

Setstherichnessofthevoice,from0(flat)to100(mellifluous)
defaultis50

right

Usedwiththepositionpropertytoplacetherightedgeofanelement.

size

Thesizepropertyisusedinpagedmediatospecifythesizeofthe
page.

speak

Determineshowanelement'scontentisspoken.

speakheader

Determinesiftableheadersarespokenonceforeachroworcolumnor
eachtimeacellisspoken.

speaknumeral

Determineshownumeralsarespoken

speakpunctuation

Determinesifpunctuationisspokenorusedforinflection

speechrate

Setstherateofspeechanumbersetstherateinwordsperminute

stress

Setsthestressofthevoice,from0(catatonic)to100(hyperactive)
defaultis50.

tablelayout

Determinesthetablerenderingalgorithm

textalign

Setsthetextalignmentstyleforanelement

textdecoration

Definesanydecorationforthetextvaluesmaybecombined

textindent

Definestheindentationofthefirstlineoftextinanelementdefaultis
0

textshadow

Createstextdropshadowsofvaryingcolorsandoffsets

texttransform

Transformsthetextintheelementaccordingly

top

Usedwiththepositionpropertytoplacethetopedgeofanelement.

verticalalign

Setstheverticalpositioningofanelement

visibility

Determinesifanelementisvisibleinthedocumentortable

voicefamily

Selectsanamedvoicefamilytospeakanelement'scontent

volume

Setsthevolumeofspokencontentnumericvaluesrangefrom0to
100

whitespace

Defineshowwhitespacewithinanelementishandled

widows

Setstheminimumnumberoflinesallowedinawidowedparagraph
fragment

width

Definesthewidthofanelement

wordspacing

Insertsadditionalspacebetweenwords

zindex

Setstherenderinglayerforthecurrentelement.

Pseudoclasses&Pseudoelements:
Property

Description

:active

Usethisclasstoaddspecialeffecttoanactivatedelement

:focus

Usethisclasstoaddspecialeffecttoanelementwhiletheelement
hasfocus

:hover

Usethisclasstoaddspecialeffecttoanelementwhenyoumouseover
it

:link

Usethisclasstoaddspecialeffecttoanunvisitedlink

:visited

Usethisclasstoaddspecialeffecttoavisitedlink

:firstchild

Usethisclasstoaddspecialeffecttoanelementthatisthefirstchild
ofsomeotherelement.

:lang

Usethisclasstospecifyalanguagetouseinaspecifiedelement

:firstletter

Usethiselementtoaddspecialeffecttothefirstletterofatext

:firstline

Usethiselementtoaddspecialeffecttothefirstlineofatext

:before

Usethiselementtoinsertsomecontentbeforeanelement

:after

Usethiselementtoinsertsomecontentafteranelement

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