ENGLISH GRAMMAR

1. NOUNS are the words used for naming people, animals, places and
things.
Common nouns-are the names that we give to people, animals, places and
objects in general. Examples: boy, cat, park , bag
Proper nouns- are special names for people, places and objects. Proper
nouns begin with capital letters. Examples: Puan Azizah, Alor Gajah,
Proton Wira.
Singular and plural nouns. A singular noun is one person, animal or
thing. A plural noun is more than one person, animal or thing.
Collective Nouns- A collective noun refers to a group of people, things or
animals.Examples : a bouquet of flowers, a team of players, a school of
whales, a herd of elephants, a swarm of bees.
2. PRONOUNS words used to replace nouns.
3. ADJECTIVES are used to tell us more about the nouns or pronouns.
They are used to add more meaning to nouns or pronouns. They tell us
about the colour, shape, size or condition of a noun or pronoun. Examples:
The rafflesia is a big flower. This is a new dress.
4. ARTICLES . There are two types of articles. They are INDEFINITE
ARTICLES ( a, an ) and DEFINITE ARTICLES ( the).
5. PREPOSITIONS- are usually placed before nouns and pronouns to show
position, direction and time. Some examples of prepositions are by, in, at,
into, since, from, on, to, through, over, between, behind, above & etc.
6. VERBS are action words. The verb is a word used to say something
about a person or thing. It tells us what a person or thing does.
7. ADVERBS are words that are used to add meaning to verbs. We use
adverbs to tell us more about an action. Example : The baby slept (verb)
soundly (adverb) last night. Susan danced( verb) gracefully.(adverb)
8. SUBJECT- VERB AGREEMENT. In a sentence, the verb MUST
always agree with the subject.

9. WH-QUESTIONS AND RESPONSES. Wh-questions use the following

question words such as WHAT, WHOM, WHICH, WHERE, WHO,
WHOSE, WHEN, WHY and HOW.
10. CONJUNCTIONS. We use conjunctions to join words, group of
words or sentences. The most common conjunctions are and, but, either
or, neithernor, although, therefore, because, since, while, however &
etc.
11. TENSES are words that show the time of an action, an event or a
situation. Tenses are used to show whether the action is happening at that
time, is completed or is habitual. Tenses can be divided into three parts.
PRESENT TENSES, PAST TENSES and FUTURE TENSES.
12. SYNONYMS. Words similar in meanings.
13. ANTONYMS. Words opposite in meanings
14. HOMOPHONES. Similar sounding words eg buy - by, bye
15. SIMILES eg as happy as a king
16. IDIOMS eg rain cats and dogs MEANING rain very heavily.
17. PROVERBS eg. Kill two birds with one stone MEANING Achieve
two objectives by doing only one thing.