Social Dimensions of Education

SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF
EDUCATION
A Review Material for the NCBTS-Based
2009 Licensure Examination for Teachers
Prepared by
Maria Ruth M.
Regalado
PNU-Manila
Competencies
1. Determine the roles of the teachers as active members of the community and as
global citizens responsible for the outcomes of their actions and for developing
other citizens.
2. Analyze historical, economic, socio-cultural, geographical, environmental,
political and social-psychological factors that affect the role of the school as an
agent of change.
3. Interpret educational problems in the light of philosophical and legal
foundations of education.
4. Apply the four pillars of learning in responding to the aspirations of the
community: learning to know; learning to do; learning to live together; learning
to be.
Content Coverage
1. Social Science Theories & Education
2. Four Pillars of Learning
3. Intercultural communication
4. Gender and development

5. Globalization and education
CONTENT UPDATE
I. Social Science Theories & Education
Definitions of the Theories

Consensus Theory (Dahrendorf)
- A general or widespread agreement among all members of a particular society
- Empharizes on socia| order, stability and social regulation
- Views social change as occurrIng in a slow and orderly fashion
- See shared norms and values as fundamental to rociety
Conflict Theory (Marx)

- A clash between idgas, principlec and people
- Emphasizes on the d-incnce$of some socian groups by others
- See social order as base` on eanipulation and control by doiioant groups
- Views social change as obcurring rapidly anl n a"dhsosderly fashion
- Foauser oj the svruggle of social classgs tk`ma)vain dominance and power
i socia| systems
Sd~uctQrel Functignalasm (Parsons)

- Sdates tàt the society is made!up of(vario}s in3tituthons that vork(tooetjer
in2gooperation
- Four(Functional Imperatiges (AGIL Scheme):
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2 SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF EDUCATION A Review Material for the NCBTS-Based Licensure

Examination for Teachers (LET)| Prepared by MARIA RUTH M. REGALADO, PNU-Manila
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and spiritual values.
- Recognizes growing interdependence and a common analysis of the risks and
challenges of the future
Learning to Be
- To better develop ones personality and to act with ever greater autonomy, judgment
and personal responsibility
- The complete fulfillment of the human person, in all richness of the personality, the
complexity of forms of expressions and various commitments as an individual,
member of a family or community, citizen and producer, inventor of techniques and
creative dreamer
- Believes in the holistic and integrated approach to educate the human person towards
the full development of the dimensions: physical, intellectual, aesthetic, ethical,
economic, socio-cultural, political, and spiritual
III. Intercultural Communication
Characterized by the growing number of contacts resulting in communication between

people with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds
Communication & Language
Types of Communication
1. Verbal
use of language

2. Non-verbal use of gestures, facial expressions, and other body movements

Language
- An abstract system of word meaning and symbols for all aspects of culture
- Inclusive of speech, written characters, numerals, symbols and gestures, and
expressions of non-verbal communication
- The key factor in the success of the human race in creating and preserving
culture
- A reflection of the kind of person one is, the level of education attained, and an
index to the behavior that may be expected
- Influences culture
Culture
A set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals that characterize a
particular society or population (Ember, 1999)
The learned norms, values, knowledge, artifacts, language, and symbols that are
constantly communicated among people who share a common way of life (Calhoun,
et.al., 1994)
The sum total of symbols, ideas, forms of expressions, and material products
associated with a system (Johnson, 1996)
Characteristics of Culture
1. Culture is learned.
2. Culture is shared by a group of people.
3. Culture is cumulative.
4. Cultures change.
5. Culture is dynamic.
6. Culture is ideational.
7. Culture is diverse.
8. Culture gives a range of permissible behavior patterns.
Components of Culture
1. Communication language, symbols
2. Cognitive ideas, knowledge, beliefs, values, accounts
3. Material tools, medicines, books, transportation, technologies
4. Behavioral norms, mores, laws, folkways, rituals
Organization of Culture
Cultural trait Culture complexes Culture pattern
Cultural Transmission
Enculturation
learning ones own culture

Acculturation
learning new traits from another group

Assimilation
an individual loses entirely of previous group identity and takes

on that of another group.
Importance and Functions of Culture
Culture helps the individual fulfill his potential as a human being.
Through the development of culture, one can overcome physical disadvantages and
allows provision of needs.
Culture provides rules of proper conduct for living in a society.
Culture provides an individual his/her concepts of family, nation or class.
Cultural Relativism
An approach to the question of the nature and role of values in culture
An anthropological approach which posits that all cultures are of equal value and need
to be studied in a neutral point of view
Social Institutions
Structures and mechanisms of social orders and cooperation that govern the behavior
of its members
A group of social positions, connected by social relations, performing a social role
Characteristics of an Institution
Institutions are purposive.
Institutions are relatively permanent in their content.
Institutions are structured.
Institutions are a unified structure.
Institutions are necessarily value-laden.
Functions of Institutions
Simplify social behavior for the individual person
Provide ready-made forms of social relations and roles for the individual
Act as agencies of coordination and stability for the total culture.
Tend to control behavior
Essential Tasks
Replacing members or procreation
Teaching new members
Producing, distributing, and consuming goods and services
Preserving order
Providing and maintaining a sense of purpose
Major Social Institutions
Family
Education
Religion
Economic institutions
Government
Gender & Development
Shapes the lives of all people in all societies
Influences all aspects of our lives, the schooling we receive, the social roles we play,
and the power and authority we command
Theories of Gender Development
Social Learning Theory parents, reinforce appropriate gender role behaviors
Cognitive Development Theory children engage in symbolic thinking, acquire their
gender identity, then begin the process of acquiring gender-appropriate behaviors
Gender Schema Theory schema helps a child to develop gender identity, formulate an
appropriate gender role, and develop an integrated schema or picture of what gender is
and should be
Gender Stereotyping
The beliefs humans hold about the characteristics associated with males and females
Gender & Equality
Gives women and men the same entitlements to all aspects of human development,
including economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights, the same level of respect
of power to shape the outcomes of these choices
Gender Inequality
Four themes that characterize feminist theories about gender inequality:
Men and women are situated in society not only differently but also unequally.
Inequality results from the organization of society, not from any significant biological or
personality differences between men and women.
No significant pattern of natural variation distinguishes the sexes even if individual
human beings may vary somewhat from each other in their profile of potentials and
traits.
All inequality theories assume that both men and women will respond fairly easily and
naturally to more egalitarian social structures and situations
Globalization & Education
Global Education and Globalization
Globalization refers to an increasing interconnectedness and convergence of activities
and forms of life among diverse cultures throughout the world.
Globalization links individuals and institutions across the world with unprecedented
interconnection.
Education systems constitute the core of the globalization process.
Global education extends students awareness of the world in which they live by
opening them to the diverse heritage of human thoughts and action, and creativity.
Core Values and Competencies for Global Education
Peace and non-violence
Social justice and human rights
Economic well-being and equity
Cultural integrity
Ecological balance
Democratic participation
Core Skills and Competencies
Self-worth and self-affirmation
Affirmation of others
Critical thinking
Effective communication skills
Non-violent conflict resolution and mediation
Imagination
Effective organizing
Issues on Globalization
Socio-cultural Issues massive migration, managing difference, global changes in
culture
Economic Issues educational and employment opportunities, neo-liberal framework
Political Issues constraints on national/state policy due to external demands from
transnational institutions
Globalization and Its Impact on Education
Education as a service industry is part of the globalization process
Globalization may mean a more competitive and deregulated educational system.

Schools should be sites for counter hegemonic movements.
Content of Education curriculum upgrading, productivity orientation
The Fall Out of Globalization internationalization of education, finances, privatization
of secondary and higher education
SOURCES:
Bilbao, P. P. B.B. Corpuz, A. T. Llagas, and G. G. Salandanan. (2006). The teaching
profession. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
McNergney, R. F. and J. M. McNergney. (2001). Education: The practice and profession
of teaching. USA: Pearson Education, Inc.
Vega, V. A., N. G. Prieto, and M. L. Carreon. (2006). Social dimensions of education.
Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
CONTENT CHALLENGE
DIRECTIONS: Read each item carefully. Then choose the best answer.
Which social science theory is satisfied when people tend to agree and cooperate on a
certain issue?
Conflict Theory
C. Interaction Theory
Consensus Theory
D. Structural Functionalist Theory
Who advocated on the theory that presents the struggle of social classes to maintain
dominance and power in social systems?
Blumer
C. Marx
Dahrendorf
D. Mead
What is believed to be the state of a society if there is absence of conflict and no

disagreements manifest between members of a society?
Consensus
C. Interaction
Equilibrium
D. Symbiosis
Which functional imperative by Parsons is being described when a system must clearly
identify its primary tasks and work out ways to achieve them?
Adaptation
C. Integration
Goal attainment
D. Latency
What is the assumption of a functionalist perspective about why society chooses a
particular form or set-up?
That a society takes its particular form because that form works well for that society
given its particular situation.
That a society chooses a particular form based on the prevailing trends common in
other societies.
That a society tends to reject a particular form if it makes it subordinate to other
societies.
That a society prefers a particular form because it is always useful in different
situations.
Which pillar of education is being strengthened by a teacher who provides learning
opportunities for his/her students to develop their social skills and capacities to work
with other members of the class?
Learning to know
C. Learning to live together
Learning to do
D. Learning to be
Which is the result of successfully learning to live together?
There will be group consensus.
There will be peace and harmony.
There will be excellence in work habits.
There will be a continuous drive to discover new knowledge.
What should teachers do so that the pillar of learning to be could be strengthened?
Give tasks where the students would grow holistically
Focus on the cognitive and affective development of students
Point out to the students the basics of becoming a complete person
Facilitate activities that emphasize on the students behavioral competence
A teacher facilitates an inquiry task to be participated in by at least 4 members per
team. What pillar of learning is strengthened in this situation?
Learning to know
C. Learning to live together
Learning to do
D. Learning to be
What is being stressed by the 4 Pillars of Learning?
The importance of equipping individuals with the learning tools for adaptation and
interdependence.
The acquisition of updated knowledge about oneself, family, community and the world.
The acquisition of competence that enables people to work in teams in peace and
harmony.
The value of equality, fairness and social justice to achieve harmony ant peace across
the globe.
Which reflects the quality of a person?
Language
Educational attainment
Occupational skills
Structural context
What is not true about the relationship of culture and language?
The more languages one speaks, the richer his/her cultural background becomes.
The structure of a language determines the way in which speakers of that language
view the world.
No amount of training can produce the more advanced uses of language found in
people, no matter what their culture.
An understanding of language can provide individuals with a better appreciation of the
different cultures of people with whom they may relate.
Which transmission of culture involves the process of learning some new traits from
another culture?
Acculturation
Assimilation
Enculturation
Pluralism
Under which component of culture would books belong?
Behavioral
Cognitive
Communication
Material
Which exemplifies the function of culture where individuals can overcome their physical
disadvantages?
The invention of the cellular phones enables family members to communicate with one
another even between great distances.
The establishment of rules of proper conduct for living in a society ensures orderliness
and social justice.
The development of ones full potentials as a human being.
The creation of new needs and the arrangement of means to acquire them.
Which illustrates cultural relativism?
Practices that are considered taboo in a certain group but are acceptable to other
groups.
Learning the folkways and social traditions of ones own group.
A Tuguegaraoeo moves to a point where s/he speaks only Visayan and assumes the
folkways of the local group.
When students migrate from rural to urban areas, they learn some of the urban customs
and routines.
Which does not provide an understanding of multicultural education?
Teachers integrate content concepts that give emphasis to a particular ethnicity.
Every student must have an equal opportunity to achieve her or his full potential.
Every student must be prepared to competently participate in an increasingly
intercultural society.
Teachers must be prepared to effectively facilitate learning for every individual student,
no matter how culturally similar or different from themselves.
Which of these is the political function of schools?
Teach basic cognitive skills
Prepare students for their later occupational roles
Help students assimilate diverse cultural groups into a certain order
Socialize children into the various roles, behaviors and values of the society
Which social institution is concerned with the satisfaction of the material wants of a
society?
Economic
Educational
Government
Religious
Which gender development theory believes that parents reinforce appropriate gender
role behaviors?
Cognitive Developmental Theory
Gender Schema Theory
Interactionist Theory
Social Learning Theory
What does gender stereotyping mean?
The identification of factors that may influence the gender preference of a person
The beliefs humans hold about the characteristics associated with males and females
The actions done to equate the accessibility of guidance programs to improve gender
concepts
The training that promotes sensitivity between and among men and women as to their
capabilities and rights.
Which is the current understanding of the word gender?
Sexlessness
Prejudice against sexes
Discrimination against sexes
Subjectivity to sex preferences
Which situation does not manifest gender equality?
Men helping women advance their causes
Recognizing that women can improve themselves
Girls are enrolled in regular schools which used to be for boys only.
A glass ceiling which determines the peak of womens advancement in the levels of
management
Which is a socio-cultural issue concerning globalization?
Economic coordination has become increasingly regulated well-regulated
The challenge to engage and work through contrasting models of language and kinship
Constraints on national/state policy-making posed by external demands from
transnational institutions
Narrowing income of gaps between developed and developing countries through
improvements in basic education
Which does not contribute to the fall out of globalization?
Finance-related issues
Hiring of teachers
Internationalization of education
Privatization of secondary and higher education


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SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF

4. Gender and development

Definitions of the Theories

Conflict Theory (Marx)

Sd~uctQrel Functignalasm (Parsons)

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III. Intercultural Communication

Characterized by the growing number of contacts resulting in communication between

13 SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF EDUCATION A Review Material for the NCBTS-Based Licensure

2. Non-verbal use of gestures, facial expressions, and other body movements

learning ones own culture

learning new traits from another group

an individual loses entirely of previous group identity and takes

Globalization may mean a more competitive and deregulated educational system.

What is believed to be the state of a society if there is absence of conflict and no

21 SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF EDUCATION A Review Material for the NCBTS-Based Licensure

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