Contest:

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 2
Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 3
DISCOVERY AND EXPLOITATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES ................................... 4
Geological Research .................................................................................................................. 4
Application of indicators............................................................................................................ 4
Division of Geologists models ................................................................................................... 5
Geological mapping as a method of Research ........................................................................... 5
ACTIVITIES OF EXPLOITATION ......................................................................................... 6
Types of exploration .................................................................................................................. 6
Underground mines .................................................................................................................... 6
Open pit mines ........................................................................................................................... 6
Mining drilling ........................................................................................................................... 6
Hydraulic mining ....................................................................................................................... 6
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 7
BIBLIOGRAPH ......................................................................................................................... 8

EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY OF MINERAL RESOURCES

INTRODUCTION
In the present work we will discuss about the discovery and exploration of mineral resources,
we will also explain how it is done geological research, for what purpose do it. To discover a
mineral deposit, first is made a mineral research after its recognition extends its exploration,
for the exploration of mineral resources plays an role in the economic development of a country
as large contributions back from the point of view socio-economic. Despite the serious impacts
that bring in the environment.

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EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY OF MINERAL RESOURCES

Objectives
General: The work is intended to provide general information about inherent exploration and
discovery of mineral resources.
specific:
Identify the methods used for the discovery of mineral resources.
Indicate and describe the types of mineral exploration.

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EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY OF MINERAL RESOURCES

DISCOVERY AND EXPLOITATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES

Mineral resources are concentrations of ore whose characteristics make its extraction can be
technically and economically feasible.
To begin with exploration activities desired material makes up the first geological research.

Geological Research
Geological Research is a set of activities needed before making a fundamental ("smart")
decision about the size, initial flowsheet of new mining operations - this aspect contains an
aspect of economic evaluation.
Prospecting is the stage preceding the reseach who leads the discovery of deposits and can be
divided into:
Search absolutely unknown mineral deposits;
Search deposits the probable extension of known deposits
The purpose of prospecting is to discover new mineral deposits that can be exploreted in the
present or in the future. The main objective of the Prospecting is to find the largest number of
mineral deposits to a minimum investment and optimum time. The demand deposits is based
on the identification and prosecution of indicators, once the deposit itself is very small, and this
often at great depths.

Application of indicators
Regional Location of deposits or setting most likely areas;
Immediate location within an ore deposit, also called
So a mineral deposit is a natural concentration of a useful mineral substance in favorable
economic circumstances can be exploreted profitably.
Geological model is a conceptual or empirical pattern that contains the main parameters of the
known mineral deposits, although the models can be descriptive, these are essentially
interpretive, explaining the relationships existing between the various parameters. The models
are a very powerful tool in the organization of information such that the prediction is more
conducive to accurate and correct and logical conclusions.

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EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY OF MINERAL RESOURCES

Division of Geologists models

Empirical models can be descriptive or and Generic.
-Empirical or descriptive models.
Based on the observation of similarities between the deposits. The analysis of these similarities
may show affinities between specific groups of deposits. This model considers the following
aspects: geological context, morphology, geochemistry, and mineralization zoning. Also
considering the frequency with which a certain parameter appears as a criterion for selecting
the area.
-Genetic model or metalognico
These Models reflect the logical thinking of scientists regarding the origin of different types of
deposits. These models consider the same aspects mentioned above and is based on the idea
that the compliance process produces features accordingly. The merit of this model is based on
the different geological parameters considered in the selection criteria area are explained on
the basis of causative geological processes. The model gives a rational and consistent
explanation of the characteristics of the deposit in terms of connecting them to the known
geological processes or postulates.

Geological mapping as a method of Research

The geological map is a graphical representation of horizontal projection of the geological
formations of a given region.
It is therefore essential that a geological map correctly performed to distinguish what was
observed by direct inspection of field, what was based on simple assumptions. Should not
indicate uncertainties or doubts, as well as the indication should be clear in the mind of the
observer. It is standard convention to indicate the facts observed by continuous lines and those
that correspond to simple inferences or hypotheses by dotted or dashed lines. The confidence
level can be represented by the withdrawal of these lines or points. The geological mapping is
one of the most important research methods especially during the recognition phase. It is the
method by which most concepts and designs are based, which can largely determines the
success of the operation program.

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EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY OF MINERAL RESOURCES

ACTIVITIES OF EXPLOITATION
Mining is an activity that explores the mineral resources of the seabed or subsoil, as well as its
treatment and transformation.

Types of exploration
Underground
Open pit mines
By drilling
Hydraulics.

Underground mines
The underground exploration characterized by excavations that are not in contact with the
outdoors, finding themselves surrounded by underground.

Open pit mines

The open pit mining is used when deposits of commercially useful minerals or rock are found
near the surface

Mining drilling
The exploration by drilling happens when the tomb, being underground, is exploited without
abandoning the surface, from surveys, for some explorations of rock salt and oil.

Hydraulic mining
Hydraulic operation can be both underground and open pit, which is to use the hydraulic
force, mainly water, in the working to dismantle the ore.

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EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY OF MINERAL RESOURCES

Conclusion
Starting from the observations of the results obtained in the research we concluded that the
exploration mineiral bring problems to the environment, with profound changes to the
landscape of the region where it is inserted;
- Cut vegetation;
- Removal of ground cover;
- Contamination of watercourses by minerals that are not removed;
- Destruction of ecosystems;
- Changing the landscape.
Therefore we conclude that after the exploration has to make the recovery of the affected area.

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EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY OF MINERAL RESOURCES

BIBLIOGRAPH
Dessureault et al. application of computers and operations research in the mineral industry.
Balkema. 2004
Tatiya, R. R. Surface and Underground Excavation, p. 152-154. 2005.
Hartman, H. L; Mutmansky, J.M. 2002. Inductor Mining Engineering. John Wiley.

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