Delegate Manual COMUN 2015

Delegate Manual
COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org
Contents
1.
The United Nations ............................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 ORIGINS ........................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2. MISSION ......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.3. THE UN SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................. 3
1.3.1. GENERAL ASSEMBLY (GA) ........................................................................................................... 4
1.3.2. SECURITY COUNCIL (SC) .............................................................................................................. 4
1.3.3. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL (ECOSOC) ............................................................................. 5
1.3.4. TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL (TC) AND THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ) ...................... 5
Achievements............................................................................................................................................ 5
1.5. ACHIEVEMENTS .............................................................................................................................. 5
1.6. THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY ........................................................................................................ 6
2.
The Colombo Model United Nations .................................................................................................... 8

2.1 ORIGINS ........................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 PARTICIPATION AND PARTICIPANT IDENTIFICATION...................................................................... 8
2.3 BENEFITS ......................................................................................................................................... 8
2.4 CONFERENCE FORMAT ................................................................................................................... 9
2.5. EXPECTATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 9
3.
Mandates ............................................................................................................................................ 10
Functions of the General Assembly ........................................................................................................ 10
Disarmament and International Security Committee............................................................................. 12
Economical and Financial Committee ..................................................................................................... 15
The Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL) ............................................................ 17
United Nations Human Rights Council .................................................................................................... 20
Security Council....................................................................................................................................... 24
International Court of Justice ................................................................................................................. 31
The United Nations Peacebuilding Committee....................................................................................... 40
1.
Key Skills .............................................................................................................................................. 42

Research .................................................................................................................................................. 42
3.1.1. Importance ................................................................................................................................ 42
3.1.2. What to research ...................................................................................................................... 42
Page | 1
3.1.3. Useful sources of information................................................................................................... 43

Foreign Policy Statement ........................................................................................................................ 45
3.2. FOREIGN POLICY STATEMENT (FPS) ............................................................................................. 45
3.2.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 45
3.2.2. Guidelines for FPS Preparation ................................................................................................. 45
SAMPLE FOREIGN POLICY STATEMENT................................................................................................... 47
LIST OF PRE-AMS & OPERATIVES ............................................................................................................ 50
Formal Debating...................................................................................................................................... 51
3.6. FORMAL DEBATING ...................................................................................................................... 51
Negotiating.............................................................................................................................................. 53
3.3. NEGOTIATING............................................................................................................................... 53
Points to remember ................................................................................................................................ 55
Pre-ambulatory clauses ...................................................................................................................... 55
Operative Clauses ............................................................................................................................... 55
Rules and Procedure ............................................................................................................................... 56
4.1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 56
4.2. GENERAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................................. 56
Page | 2
1. The United Nations

Introduction
1.1 ORIGINS
On October 24th 1945, the United Nations came into force as an official organization. The UN charter
was signed by fifty nations in June of that year, in the closing stages of historys most destructive war,
with the hope that it would prevent such an atrocity from ever occurring again. This idea was not new.
Prior to World War II, the League of Nations was created as the peace keeping body and assigned with
the task of maintaining world peace. Although it died an undignified death, the principles behind it did
not. In 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the USA and Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Great
Britain signed the Atlantic Charter calling for the creation of a new organization, and for a more serious
commitment to it by the nations of the world. That call has been answered by 192 countries so far.
1.2. MISSION
The mission of the UN is first and foremost the safeguarding and promotion of peace. It also works
towards social progress, better living standards, and strengthening human rights. It achieves this
primarily through the provision of a global forum where all member nations are treated equally, no
matter what their standing, both in the world and in the issues discussed. Just as importantly, the UN
takes a direct role in alleviating the problems of the world. It does this via contributions from member
nations. Each member of the UN is obligated to bettering humanity to the best of its ability, whether
through contributing troops as peacekeepers, providing medical assistance, food supplies, and/or other
helpful measures.
1.3. THE UN SYSTEM
The United Nations is divided into six major organs:
- General Assembly (GA)
- Security Council (SC)
- Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
- Trusteeship Council (TC)
- International Court of Justice (ICJ)
- Secretariat
The Colombo Model United Nations simulates the first three committees of the General Assembly, the
Security Council, and ECOSOC which has been renewed for the 21st Session to the Futuristic ECOSOC. In
2013 we introduced the ICJ and the Human Rights Council, which will also be simulated in this years
conference.
Page | 3
The UN also consists of different programs and funds, through which various initiatives are managed.
These include the UN Childrens Fund (UNICEF) and the UN Development Program (UNDP). There are
also specialized, semi-autonomous agencies set up by the UN such as the World Bank, the World Health
Organization (WHO) and the International Labor Organization (ILO).
1.3.1. GENERAL ASSEMBLY (GA)

The GA is the largest body, with all 192 members represented by one vote each (except for Palestine). It
is divided into several committees, which study a wide range of issues. These committees try to reach a
consensus on the seriousness of a particular problem, ranging from global warming to arms smuggling,
and produce resolutions. Resolutions are recommendations made to the SC, a particular nation, or the
world in general as to what should be done. GA resolutions are not legally binding, but it is the most
accurate and influential barometer of world opinion. Therefore its resolutions can give or deny the
diplomatic force of world approval on the actions of even the most powerful nations. As
aforementioned, COMUN 2015 simulates the first two and fourth committees of the GA, each of which
deals with a unique range of discussion subjects:
- First Committee Security and Disarmament
- Second Committee Economic and Environmental Issues
- Third Committee Social, Cultural and Humanitarian Issues
-Fourth Committee- Special Political and Decolonization issues
1.3.2. SECURITY COUNCIL (SC)

The Security Council is mainly responsible for maintaining peace and security, and under Chapter VII of
the UN Charter, it is the only UN organ with the ability to enforce its decisions, utilizing all means from
economic sanctions to military intervention. The SC consists of fifteen members, five of whom are
permanent:
- China
- France
- Russia
- United Kingdom
- United States of America
These five countries have the power of veto: one vote against a resolution by these countries results in
its failure. This power was granted to these countries in order to assure their support for the UN
Charter, and has been the subject of much controversy in recent times. The other ten members are
Page | 4
elected by the GA, and hold membership for two years each. Each year, the membership of five SC
members expires, and the GA elects five new countries.
1.3.3. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL (ECOSOC)

ECOSOC is the central UN forum for economic and social issues such as living standards,
malnourishment, disease, and cultural cooperation. It consists of 54 members, each elected by the GA.
Today, ECOSOCs primary concern is the developing countries of the world. Typical problems dealt with
by ECOSOC over the years include human rights, the status of women, the narcotics trade, and
international extradition laws. It works through several UN agencies to accomplish its resolutions,
including the United Nations Chindrens Fund (UNICEF) and the International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA).
1.3.4. TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL (TC) AND THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ)
Of these two organs, only the ICJ is simulated by COMUN.

The TC was set up to oversee all post-second world war colonies, and was charged with helping them
attain independence and/or responsible governments. It was so successful that all of its original eleven
trust territories have been dissolved, either becoming part of another country, or becoming
independent UN member states. In 1994, the Palau islands gained independence and thus rendered the
Council obsolete, even though it still exists today.
The International Court of Justice, sometimes called the World Court, is the main judicial organ of the
United Nations, responsible for settling legal disputes between countries, and ruling on important issues
of international law. The Court is made up of thirty judges, elected by the SC and the GA. All rulings of
the Court are legally binding, and the duty of enforcing these rulings falls upon the Security Council. The
most recent work of the ICJ includes the mid-2004 inquiry by the Court which resulted in the ruling
against Israels construction of the Security Barrier in the West Bank. Interestingly, ICJ Judge Stephen M.
Schwebel participated in Model UN.
Achievements
1.5. ACHIEVEMENTS
The United Nations has several notable achievements, some spectacular, and some which have simply
passed unnoticed, yet vital parts of our lives. For example, each time we make an international phone
call, travel abroad, and send overseas mail, we are unknowingly using long established UN protocols for
efficient handling.
Page | 5
The UN has several milestones in its history. Among the best known is the WHOS eradication of
smallpox between 1967 and 1979, after which the disease ceased to claim a single victim. The UN has
also claimed many victories in stabilizing countries. For example, when it was discovered that an ethnic
cleansing campaign was under way in Kosovo, the SC gave its tacit approval to the North Atlantic Treaty
Alliance (NATO) air-strikes in 1999. It authorized the NATO peacekeeping mission and set up a UN
administration to provide for basic civil services. War criminals from the Kosovo crisis, including Former
Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic, are currently being tried in the War Crimes Tribunal in The
Hague, and free elections were held in November 2004.
In Indonesia, UN intervention has yielded successful results. Continued violence towards the province of
East Timor by Indonesian forces threatened to become a humanitarian disaster towards the late 1990s.
The province came under the administration of the United Nations, and despite attacks on UN staff, in
May 2002, East Timor swore in a stable, democratic government, and became the worlds newest
country.
After the US led invasion of Afghanistan in late 2001, the country remained in a state of questionable
stability, with years of Taliban rule leaving a country that many believed was not yet fit for democracy.
Despite this uncertainty, in late October 2004 the country held UN administered elections.
This success gave increased legitimacy to the government of President Hamid Karzai, and helped to take
Afghanistan one step closer to joining the ranks of free and secure nations.
1.6. THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

The United Nations continues to face new challenges in the new century, not all of which regularly make
headlines. For example, one in six people in the world is still illiterate. 15,000 people are infected with
HIV each day. Every 22 minutes a person is injured or killed by a landmine. Solving these and other
issues will require a concerted international effort.
The most spectacular problems of the 21st century seem likely to come in the form of terrorism and
war. The terrorist attacks on the United States in 2001, and the ensuing war on terrorism provide by far
the most compelling reminder that, although many things have changed, war is still a part of our world,
and that no place is safe from turning into a battleground.
Even the neutrality of the United Nations has not removed it from the crosshairs. To date, 1700 UN
Peacekeepers have been killed while assisting in humanitarian crises. One of the most recent and
graphic demonstrations of UN vulnerability was the destruction of the UN building in Iraq, in April 2004,
which killed dozens.
In 2004, the UN played a crucial role in the development of a new Constitution in Afghanistan and
carrying out elections in the country, with His Excellency Kamid Harzai becoming the nations first ever
Page | 6
elected president. Similar achievements were witnessed in Iraq where elections, overseen by the UN,
were successful.
In 2005, the Kyoto treaty against global warming was put into action, a significant step forward in saving
humanity from the dangers of climate change. The UN also led Timor-Leste into becoming an
independent country, helping the nation continue its journey towards self-sufficiency and self reliability.
A tsunami early warning system for the Indian Ocean was formally launched in June 2005, becoming
fully operational in July 2006 to provide the region with protection against the ocean related hazards.
With the appointment of the new Secretary General, Mr Ban Ki-moon in January 2007, the United
Nations has entered yet another era of its universal work for the betterment of mankind. The creed of
our species remains the hope for a better tomorrow, and thus, the responsibility of the current
generation of diplomats is to adapt to this changing world, and to continue to serve the principles of the
UN, which despite all the challenges it has faced, still represents humanitys best hope for lasting peace.
Page | 7
2. The Colombo Model United Nations

2.1 ORIGINS
Simulation programs of the UN have existed for over 80 years, with the creation of the Model League of
Nations in 1923. Its successor, the Model United Nations, was created immediately following the signing
of the UN Charter in 1945. They were meant to provide students with experience in the world of
diplomacy via a simulation of the functioning of the UN. In 1994, Sri Lanka joined the rapidly growing
number of countries with an MUN program, with the creation of the Colombo Model United Nations
program. This was the brainchild of Sandra Fernando, an educator at the Overseas School of Colombo.
Her idea started off with a conference of four schools including OSC. In 2007, the thirteenth COMUN
conference was held. Over five hundred students from schools located not only in Sri Lanka, but also
South-east Asia participated. This very firmly maintained COMUNs position as the fifth largest studentrun MUN conference in the world.
2.2 PARTICIPATION AND PARTICIPANT IDENTIFICATION
COMUN is open to all students between the ages of 13 and 19 from schools anywhere in the world.
These students must be motivated to understand the challenges facing the world, and have strong
opinions and desires with relation to facing them. Most students at COMUN will be participating as
delegates, each representing one countrys stance within their committee. They will need to practice
diplomacy towards all of the other delegates to achieve an outcome that is favorable to their country as
well as the international community. The Organizing Committee is also run by students. Fifteen of these
will be chair people. These individuals will be responsible for presiding over caucuses and debates,
creating a cordial atmosphere while encouraging productive competition, and helping every single
delegate achieve his or her full potential. The rest of the organizing committee is made up of
Administrative Staff, or admin, as they more commonly known. These students provide the backbone of
every COMUN conference. They are responsible for such tasks as organizing IT resources, reserving and
setting up of venues, printing and distributing resolutions and other tasks, without which the conference
would not run.
2.3 BENEFITS
COMUN tests several aspects of a students personality and skills. In caucusing, students will need to be
patient with views contrary to their own, and be prepared to make small concessions while identifying
and striving for the greater goal. They must also be prepared to draw other delegates together, and
mediate disputes. After caucusing, they will produce a resolution. This process tests their knowledge of
current affairs, how they fit that knowledge into a particular viewpoint, and the way they think in
coming up with a solution. When debating these resolutions, delegates will be tested on their skills of
public speaking, intelligent use of questions to gain advantages in their positions, and their pace of
thinking in responding to these questions.
These tests, once faced, greatly benefit an individuals aspirations towards becoming a diplomat.
However, COMUN also prepares students for all walks of life by giving them greater confidence in
themselves, and a broader outlook of the world they live in.
Page | 8
2.4 CONFERENCE FORMAT

COMUN takes place over three days, usually between late February and early March. The first two days
are held at the Overseas School of Colombo, and the final day takes place at an outside conference
center. Here is a brief outline the timeline:
- Day 1: Caucusing and resolution writing. Delegates will spend the day forming alliances and debating
issues in an informal setting. Chairs will be evaluating their performance at these times to judge the
crowd dynamics. Resolutions will be written and submitted to the chairs for approval. Debate will begin
for SC, and may also do for ECOSOC, depending on the chair peoples decision.
- Day 2: Debating. The resolutions written on Day 1 will be debated upon within the committees in
which they were drafted. These debates are run by the Chairs of the committees.
The first resolution to pass on each issue in a GA Committee is put to voting in the entire GA on Day 3.
- Day 3: Debating. In the GA, resolutions passed in their respective committees are debated upon and
voted for/against. Debates will be presided over by the respective chair people of each committee and
the President of the GA. These resolutions are regarded as being submitted to the GA by a particular
committee, rather than a single nation.
The final day judges the level which the committee was able to compromise so as to take every nations
interests into account. Debates continue for SC and ECOSOC. Note: SC and ECOSOC may be faced at any
time with an emergency world crisis, and be asked to caucus, write a resolution, and debate the issue
immediately.
2.5. EXPECTATIONS
All delegates at COMUN are expected to be well-versed in current affairs, be good public speakers,
excellent negotiators, display exemplary concern for others, and above all, be enthusiastic in their
participation. Over the course of the next few pages, you will find essential information and advice that,
if taken to heart, will help give you the best opportunity to perform at the highest possible level in your
capacity at COMUN.
Page | 9
3. Mandates
Functions of the General Assembly
Article 11
The General Assembly may discuss any questions relating to the maintenance of international peace and
security brought before it by any Member of the United Nations, or by the Security Council, or by a state
which is not a Member of the United Nations. Any such question on which action is necessary shall be
referred to the Security Council by the General Assembly either before or after discussion.
The General Assembly may call the attention of the Security Council to situations which are likely to
endanger international peace and security.
Article 12
While the Security Council is exercising in respect of any dispute or situation the functions assigned to it
in the present Charter, the General Assembly shall not make any recommendation with regard to that
dispute or situation unless the Security Council so requests.
The Secretariat, with the consent of the Security Council, shall notify the General Assembly at each
session of any matters relative to the maintenance of international peace and security which are being
dealt with by the Security Council and shall similarly notify the General Assembly, or the Members of the
United Nations if the General Assembly is not in session, immediately the Security Council ceases to deal
with such matters.
Article 13
The General Assembly shall initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of:
Promoting international co-operation in the political field and encouraging the progressive development
of international law and its codification.
Promoting international co-operation in the economic, social, cultural, educational, and health fields,
and assisting in the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as
to race, sex, language, or religion.
Promoting the general principles of co-operation in the maintenance of international peace and
security, including the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments.
Page | 10
Promoting discussions and co-operation in the decolonization field, political aspects, public information
holding and the peaceful uses of space and other celestial bodies.
Article 14
The General Assembly may recommend measures for the peaceful adjustment of any situation,
regardless of origin, which it deems likely to impair the general welfare or friendly relations among
nations, including situations resulting from a violation of the provisions of the present Charter setting
forth the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.
Article 15
The General Assembly shall receive and consider annual and special reports from the Security Council;
these reports shall include an account of the measures that the Security Council has decided upon or
taken to maintain international peace and security.
The General Assembly shall receive and consider reports from the other organs of the United Nations.
Article 16
The General Assembly shall perform such functions with respect to the international trusteeship system
as are assigned to it under Chapters XII and XIII, including the approval of the trusteeship agreements for
areas not designated as strategic.
Page | 11
Disarmament and International Security Committee

Composition
Article 9
The Disarmament and International Security Council (DISEC) shall consist of all the Members of the
United Nations. Each Member shall have not more than five representatives in the DISEC.
Functions and Powers

Article 10
The DISEC may discuss any questions or any matters within the scope of the present Charter or relating
to the powers and functions of any organs provided for in the present Charter, and, provided in Article
12, may exercise the right to make recommendations to the Members of the United Nations or to the
Security Council or to both on any such questions or matters.
Article 11
The DISEC may consider the general principles of co-operation in the maintenance of international
peace and security, including the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments,
and may make recommendations with regard to such principles to the Members or to the Security
Council or to both.
The DISEC may discuss any questions relating to the maintenance of international peace and security
brought before it by any Member of the United Nations, or by the Security Council, or by a state which is
not a Member of the United Nations in accordance with Article 35, paragraph 2, and, as provided in
Article 12, may make recommendations with regard to any such questions to the state or states
concerned or to the Security Council or to both. Any such question on which action is necessary shall be
referred to the Security Council by the General Assembly either before or after discussion.
The Disarmament and International Security Council may call the attention of the Security Council to
situations which are likely to endanger international peace and security. The powers of the General
Assembly set forth in this Article shall not limit the general scope of Article 10.
Page | 12
Article 12
While the Security Council is exercising in respect of any dispute or situation the functions assigned to it
in the present Charter, the DISEC shall not make any recommendation with regard to that dispute or
situation unless the Security Council so requests. The Secretary-General, with the consent of the
Security Council, shall notify the DISEC at each session of any matters relative to the maintenance of
international peace and security which are being dealt with by the Security Council and shall similarly
notify the DISEC, or the Members of the United Nations if the DISEC is not in session, immediately the
Security Council ceases to deal with such matters.
Article 13
The DISEC shall initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of: a. promoting
international co-operation in the political field and encouraging the progressive development of
international law and its codification; b. promoting international co-operation in the economic, social,
cultural, educational, and health fields, and assisting in the realization of human rights and fundamental
freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.
The further responsibilities, functions and powers of the General Assembly with respect to matters
mentioned in paragraph 1 (b) above are set forth in Chapters IX and X.
Article 14
Subject to the provisions of Article 12, the DISEC may recommend measures for the peaceful adjustment
of any situation, regardless of origin, which it deems likely to impair the general welfare or friendly
relations among nations, including situations resulting from a violation of the provisions of the present
Charter setting forth the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.
Article 15
The DISEC shall receive and consider annual and special reports from the Security Council; these reports
shall include an account of the measures that the Security Council has decided upon or taken to
maintain international peace and security.
The DISEC shall receive and consider reports from the other organs of the United Nations.
Article 16
Page | 13
The DISEC shall perform such functions with respect to the international trusteeship system as are
assigned to it under Chapters XII and XIII, including the approval of the trusteeship agreements for areas
not designated as strategic.
Article 26
According to Article 26 of United Nations Charter, DISECs mandate is to promote the establishment
and maintenance of international peace and security with the least diversion for armaments of the
worlds human and economic resources.
Voting
Article 18
Each member of the DISEC shall have one vote.
Decisions of the DISEC on important questions shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the members
present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of
international peace and security, the election of the non-permanent members of the Security Council,
the election of the members of the Economic and Social Council, the election of members of the
Trusteeship Council in accordance with paragraph 1 (c) of Article 86, the admission of new Members to
the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and privileges of membership, the expulsion of
Members, questions relating to the operation of the trusteeship system, and budgetary questions.
Decisions on other questions, including the determination of additional categories of questions to be
decided by a two-thirds majority, shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.
Procedure
Article 21
The DISEC shall adopt its own rules of procedure. It shall elect its President for each session.
Article 22
The DISEC may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its
functions.
Page | 14
Economical and Financial Committee

The main purpose of the committee is to deal with issues relating to global economic growth and
development such as macro-economic policy questions, financing for development, sustainable
development, human settlements, poverty eradication, globalization and interdependence, effective
and efficient use of resources and information and communication technologies for development,
factors that can prevent a financial crisis.
The Second Committee will also consider issues relating to Groups of Countries in special situations
such as the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs). It will also
consider the item on permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian
Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their
natural resources. The Second Committee makes recommendations for the peaceful settlement of any
situation that might impair friendly relations among nations.
According article 8 in the fourth chapter of the UN charter, the composition of the general assembly two
will be such that :
1)
It will be comprised of all the members of the United Nations.
2)
Each member shall not have more than five representatives in the United Nations.
Considering the voting procedure,

1) Each member of the General Assembly shall have one vote.
2) Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions shall be made by a two-thirds majority of
the members present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the
maintenance of international peace and security.
3) Decisions of the General Assembly on other questions shall be made by simple majority.
Analyzing the rules of procedure, the committee sessions starts off with the roll call where the delegates
have to confirm their presence by saying Present and voting then the agenda will be set through
voting. The floor for speakers list will be open. During the course of speakers list the floor for mod
caucus will be open. The mod caucus will be adopted based on the voting following the speech for and
against the mod caucus topic.
Thereafter, the committee will move into resolution writing and once the draft resolutions will be given
to the delegates. The debating on resolutions begins as the sponsor of the resolution explains the draft
resolution to the house then the sponsor can be open for points of information. The open debate on the
Page | 15
draft resolution will begin and at this point the floor will open for speeches for or against the resolution.
Once the resolutions are debated, the draft resolutions are voted upon. Finally the house will adjourned,
once all the resolutions are tabled.
Page | 16
The Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL)

The Special Political and Decolonization Committee may discuss matters pertaining to politics,
corruption and transparency, provided that any one nations politics is not forced to the extent that
sovereignty is infringed.
The Special Political and Decolonization Committee focuses on the aspects of decolonization and selfdetermination highlighting upon:
The United Nations mission of the decolonization of the 17 Non-Self-Governing Territories transmitted
under Article 73 of the Charter of the United Nations.
Economic and other activities which affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing
Territories.
Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations.
The Special Political and Decolonization Committee may make initiative studies and reports with respect
to the international co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space, and the aspects of development
associated with it, with respect to, but not limited to government and non-governmental or privatized
space operations development. Thereby, focusing on the existing treaties and laws on space developed
by the United Nations.
The Fourth committee of the General Assembly will address issues of sovereignty as well as cocerns of
new paradigms in international security also with discussions of a comprehensive review of the
operations of the United Nations Peacekeeping forces and all its aspects.
The committee may take appropriate steps to address the humanitarian issues and the arising concern
of the protection and aid of refugees, particularly in times of conflict and disaster, including issues
relating to the movement, aid and habitation of refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs).
The Fourth committee of the General Assembly corresponds with the United Nations Committee on
Information (COI) which deals with questions on public information. It is responsible for overseeing the
Page | 17
work of the Department of Public Information and providing its guidance on policies, programs and
activities. Holds reports of the Secretariat and other respective committees of the United Nations.
Authorizes the discussions on subject matters pertaining to atomic radiation with the collaboration of
the United Nations Scientific Committee (UNSCEAR) on effects of atomic radiation as well as the
assistance in mine action.
The Special Political and Decolonization Committee holds the ability to review the United Nations and its
policies within the respective norms of its subject matter.
Voting
Each member of the SPECPOL shall have one vote.
Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the
members present and voting.
These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of international peace
and security, political stability, social responsibility, steady improvement of decolonization and the
peaceful use of outer space.
All other rulings and motions shall be passed with a simple majority.
Procedure
The SPECPOL holds the authority for the creation of an ad hoc committee at any given situation of
arising emergency which calls for an establishment of such a specialized device.
The SPECPOL may collaborate with any particular UN body and Non Governmental Organization for the
purpose of acquiring information and assistance such as:
1) The UN Peacekeeping
2) The UN Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation
3) The Committee on Information
4) The UN committee on Peaceful uses of Outer Space.
Page | 18
Non members of the committee as well as any member of the United Nations can participate in the
deliberations of the committee. However, with the exception that these members will not be awarded
voting rights. Also, proposals submitted by these members will at the discretion of the committee, be
put to vote.
Page | 19
United Nations Human Rights Council

The Human Rights Council is an inter-governmental body within the United Nations system responsible
for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe and for addressing
situations of human rights violations and make recommendations on them. It has the ability to discuss
all thematic human rights issues and situations that require its attention throughout the year. It meets
at the UN Office at Geneva. The Commission is made up of 30 United Nations Member States which are
elected by the UN General Assembly.
The mandate of the UNHRC states that the Council is responsible for the promotion of universal human
rights and fundamental freedoms for all, without any discrimination in a fair and equal manner, as well
as addresses situations of violations of human rights and makes recommendations in order to rectify
such violations. In order to fulfill the responsibilities assigned to the Council, its guided by the principles
of universality, impartiality, objectivity and non-selectivity. The Council further serves as a platform for
dialogue on thematic issues on all human rights in addition to making recommendations to the General
Assembly on the development of international law regarding human rights. All resolutions passed by the
UNHRC must be justified to the General Assembly by the President and Vice President of the
Commission as well as the sponsors of the resolution.
The Human Rights Council also works with the UN Special Procedures established by the former
Commission on Human Rights and now assumed by the Council. These are made up of special
rapporteurs, special representatives, and independent experts and working groups that monitor,
examine, advice and publicly report on thematic issues or human rights situations in specific countries.
UNHRC Procedure
The Council will follow all COMUN procedure at all times while noting the following;
Provisional Agenda: The provisional agenda shall include the basic list of issues to be considered,
submitted to the Council by the organizing committee of COMUN.
Supplementary Items: These are additions to the agenda proposed by the Secretary General or a
member of the Council, and are accompanied by an explanation as to why he/she feels it is important to
consider the issue.
Adoption of the Agenda: The adoption of the Agenda will be occur at the start of conference and will be
limited to the selection of the topic of discussion only as suggests by a delegate. In the event of an
objection the Council will move into open debate followed by a council vote where a simple majority
vote is required.
Page | 20
Revision of the Agenda: During a session, the Council may revise the agenda by adding, deleting,
deferring, or amending items. Only important and urgent items shall be included to the agenda during a
session.
The Bureau of the Council

The Bureau of the Council shall be presided over by the President and Vice-President for the duration of
the conference. The Vice President assumes all the powers and responsibilities of the President during
his/her absence.
The President and the Vice -President holds executive power.
Special Rules and Procedures

Right of Reply: If a delegate desires to clarify a point he/she made which has been misunderstood by the
council, he/she could appeal the right of reply, and compose a concise statement to clarify the matter.
Request for a Vote: A proposal or motion shall be voted upon if any delegate or the head table desires
to.
The Council will be allowed to summon a delegate from the General Assembly during an emergency
situation if the need arises, under the approval of the head table.
Resolution
Maximum Sponsors: 3
Minimum Co-sponsors: -
COUNTRIES
Afghanistan
Angola
Australia
Bangladesh
Belarus
Page | 21
Brazil
Canada
China
Cuba
Denmark
DR Congo
France
Germany
India
Indonesia
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Mexico
Myanmar
Nigeria
Norway
Pakistan
Republic of Korea
Russian Federation
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Sri Lanka
Page | 22
Syria
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States of America
Yemen
Page | 23
Security Council
FUNCTIONS and POWERS
Article 24
1) In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United Nations, its Members confer on the
Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and
agree that in carrying out its duties under this responsibility the Security Council acts on their behalf.
2) In discharging these duties the Security Council shall act in accordance with the Purposes and
Principles of the United Nations.
3)The Security Council shall submit annual and, when necessary, special reports to the President of the
Security Council for mandatory approval.
Article 25
All Members and Bodies of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the
Security Council in accordance with the present Charter.
Article 26
In order to promote the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security with the
least diversion for armaments of the world's human and economic resources, the Security Council shall
be responsible for formulating, with the assistance of the Deputy Secretary General, plans to be
submitted to the Members of the United Nations for the establishment of a system for the regulation of
armaments.
Article 27
1.
Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote.
2.
Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of
nine members.
3.
Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of
nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions
under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.
PROCEDURE
Article 28
Page | 24
1) The Security Council shall hold periodic meetings at which each of its members may, if it so desires,
be represented by a member of the government or by some other specially designated representative at
the discretion of the President of Security Council.
2) The Security Council may hold meetings at such places other than the seat of the Organization as in its
judgment will best facilitate its work at the discretion of the President of the Security Council.
Article 29
1) The Security Council may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance
of its functions through vote of Security Council members without need for assent by other UN organs.
2) The said organs shall be subject to Article.......
Article 30
1) The Security Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure.
Article 31
1) Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council may participate,
without vote, in the discussion of any question brought before the Security Council whenever the latter
considers that the interests of that Member are specially affected.
Article 32
1) Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council or any state which
is not a Member of the United Nations, if it is a party to a dispute under consideration by the Security
Council, shall be invited to participate, without vote, in the discussion relating to the dispute. The
Security Council shall lay down such conditions as it deems just for the participation of a state which is
not a Member of the United Nations.
2) All subsidiary committees created by UN organs must receive final verdict by the Security Council.
Article 33
1) All bodies generated by the Security Council shall be subject to any changes made by any Security
Council, provided the said change has the majority vote by all members of that committee
COMPOSITION & PRIVILEGES

Article 34
1) The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China,
France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The
Page | 25
Secretariat shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the
Security Council.
2) Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative.
3) The Security Coucil shall be headed by the President, having auctoritas de potentia absoluta
4) All members of the Security Council shall be deemed to have acted under the authority of the
Secretariat
5) All members shall be exonerated of any previous or present liability in the causation of events
pertaining to the said charge
6) With reference to Article 33 the President shall have final authority on procedure
CHAPTER VI: PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES

Article 35
1.
The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of
international peace and security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry, mediation,
conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other
peaceful means of their own choice.
2.
The Security Council shall, when it deems necessary, call upon the parties to settle their dispute
by such means.
Article 36
The Security Council may investigate any dispute, or any situation which might lead to international
friction or give rise to a dispute, in order to determine whether the continuance of the dispute or
situation is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security.
Article 37
1.
Any Member of the United Nations may bring any dispute, or any situation of the nature
referred to in Article 34, to the attention of the Security Council.
2.
A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may bring to the attention of the Security
Council any dispute to which it is a party if it accepts in advance, for the purposes of the dispute, the
obligations of pacific settlement provided in the present Charter.
3.
The proceedings of the General Assembly in respect of matters brought to its attention under
this Article will be subject to the determination of the Security Council.
Page | 26
Article 38
1.
The Security Council may, at any stage of a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 or of a
situation of like nature, recommend appropriate procedures or methods of adjustment.
2.
The Security Council should take into consideration any procedures for the settlement of the
dispute which have already been adopted by the parties.
3.
In making recommendations under this Article the Security Council should also take into
consideration that legal disputes should as a descretionary referance by the parties to the International
Criminal Court in accordance with the provisions of the Statute of the Court.
Article 39
1.
Should the parties to a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 fail to settle it by the
means indicated in that Article, they shall refer it to the Security Council.
2.
If the Security Council deems that the continuance of the dispute is in fact likely to endanger the
maintenance of international peace and security, it shall decide whether to take action under Article 36
or to recommend such terms of settlement as it may consider appropriate.
Article 40
1) Without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 33 to 37, the Security Council may, if all the parties to
any dispute so request, make recommendations to the parties with a view to a pacific settlement of the
dispute.
CHAPTER VII: ACTION WITH RESPECT TO THREATS TO THE PEACE, BREACHES OF THE PEACE, AND ACTS
OF AGGRESSION
Article 41
1) The Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or
act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in
accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and security.
Article 42
1) In order to prevent an aggravation of the situation, the Security Council may, before making the
recommendations or deciding upon the measures provided for in Article 39, call upon the parties
concerned to comply with such provisional measures as it deems necessary or desirable. Such
provisional measures shall be without prejudice to the rights, claims, or position of the parties
concerned. The Security Council shall duly take account of failure to comply with such provisional
measures.
Page | 27
Article 43
1)The Security Council may decide what measures not involving the use of armed force are to be
employed to give effect to its decisions, and it may call upon the Members of the United Nations to
apply such measures. These may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of
rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of
diplomatic relations.
Article 44
1) Should the Security Council consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be inadequate or
have proved to be inadequate, it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to
maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade,
and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Nations
Article 45
1.
All Members of the United Nations, in order to contribute to the maintenance of international
peace and security, undertake to make available to the Security Council, on its call and in accordance
with a special agreement or agreements, armed forces, assistance, and facilities, including rights of
passage, necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.
2.
Such agreement or agreements shall govern the numbers and types of forces, their degree of
readiness and general location, and the nature of the facilities and assistance to be provided.
3.
The agreement or agreements shall be negotiated as soon as possible on the initiative of the
Security Council. They shall be concluded between the Security Council and Members or between the
Security Council and groups of Members and shall be subject to ratification by the signatory states in
accordance with their respective constitutional processes.
Article 46
When the Security Council has decided to use force it shall, before calling upon a Member not
represented on it to provide armed forces in fulfillment of the obligations assumed under Article 43.
Article 47
In order to enable the United Nations to take urgent military measures, Members shall hold immediately
available national air-force contingents for combined international enforcement action. The strength
and degree of readiness of these contingents and plans for their combined action shall be determined
within the limits laid down in the special agreement or agreements referred to in Article 43, by the
Security Council.
Article 48
Page | 28
1.
The action required to carry out the decisions of the Security Council for the maintenance of
international peace and security shall be taken by all the Members of the United Nations or by some of
them, as the Security Council may determine.
2.
Such decisions shall be carried out by the Members of the United Nations directly and through
their action in the appropriate international agencies of which they are members.
Article 49
1) The Members of the United Nations shall join in affording mutual assistance in carrying out the
measures decided upon by the Security Council.
Article 50
1) If preventive or enforcement measures against any state are taken by the Security Council, any other
state, whether a Member of the United Nations or not, which finds itself confronted with special
economic problems arising from the carrying out of those measures shall have the right to consult the
Security Council with regard to a solution of those problems.
Article 51
Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an
armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken
measures necessary to maintain international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the
exercise of this right of self-defense shall be immediately reported to the Security Council and shall not
in any way affect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to
take at any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace
and security.
Article 52
1.
Nothing in the present Charter precludes the existence of regional arrangements or agencies for
dealing with such matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security as are
appropriate for regional action provided that such arrangements or agencies and their activities are
consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.
2.
The Members of the United Nations entering into such arrangements or constituting such
agencies shall make every effort to achieve pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional
arrangements or by such regional agencies before referring them to the Security Council.
3.
The Security Council shall encourage the development of pacific settlement of local disputes
through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies either on the initiative of the states
concerned or by reference from the Security Council.
4.
This Article in no way impairs the application of Articles 34 and 35.
Page | 29
Article 53
1.
The Security Council shall, where appropriate, utilize such regional arrangements or agencies for
enforcement action under its authority. But no enforcement action shall be taken under regional
arrangements or by regional agencies without the authorization of the Security Council, with the
exception of measures against any enemy state, as defined in paragraph 2 of this Article, provided for
pursuant to Article 107 or in regional arrangements directed against renewal of aggressive policy on the
part of any such state, until such time as the Organization may, on request of the Governments
concerned, be charged with the responsibility for preventing further aggression by such a state.
2.
The term enemy state as used in paragraph 1 of this Article applies to any state as defined by
the Security Council.
Article 54
The Security Council shall at all times be kept fully informed of activities undertaken or in contemplation
under regional arrangements or by regional agencies for the maintenance of international peace and
security.
Page | 30
International Court of Justice

INTRODUCTION TO THE COURT
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It was
established by the Charter of the United Nations, signed on the 26th of June 1945 at San Francisco, in
pursuance of one of the primary purposes of the UN: to bring about by peaceful means, and in
conformity with the principles of justice and internal law, adjustment or settlement of international
disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace.
The ICJ thus has a twofold role: to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted
to it by states and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by duly authorized UN
organs and specialized agencies.
The court operates under a statute which forms part of the Charter, as well as under its own rules. It
began work in 1946, when it replaced the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) which had
been established in 1920 under the auspices of the League of Nations. The seat of the court is the Peace
Palace at The Hague (Netherlands).
GENERAL POWERS OF THE OFFICERS OF THE COURT

The President will act as the Presiding Officer of the Court. The President may in any moment transfer
his/her duties of Presiding Officer to the Vice president or a member of the Secretariat. The President
shall have the final decision over all committee disputes.
The Vice President shall assist the President in his/her duties.
The judges task is to pass judgements on a case, using international law as their justification. In order to
make a valid decision, it is essential to pay close attention to the testimonies of the witnesses, if present,
and to be critical towards the evidence and testimonies presented by both sides.
Witnesses are individuals who play an integral role in the Court, as they have deep background
knowledge of the case, the outline of the events and, most crucially, their role in them. Before testifying,
witnesses shall remain out of the Court.
Page | 31
PROCEDURE
RIGHT TO REPLY:
A justice whose personal integrity has been harmed may request a right to reply. A Right to Reply over a
Right to Reply is out of order. A Right to Reply could also be raised to clarify the house on factual errors
made by judges in their speeches/statements. The Presiding Officers decision to grant this right is unappealable. A Right to Reply may never interrupt a speaker.
POINT OF PARLIMENTARY INQUIRY:

When the floor is open, a justice may rise to a Point of Parliamentary Inquiry to pose a question to the
Presiding Officers regarding the rules and parliamentary procedure. A point of Parliamentary Inquiry
may never interrupt a speaker.
POINT OF PERSONAL PREVILAGE:

Whenever a justice experiences personal discomfort which impairs his/her ability to participate in the
proceedings, that individual may present a Point of Personal Privilege to request that the discomfort be
corrected. A Point of Personal Privilege may interrupt a speaker but this power should be used with the
utmost discretion. Points of Personal Privilege may interrupt a speaker, however, it should be for a
proper reason.
POINTS OF INFORMATION:
Justices who wish to ask substantive questions will be able to do so using Points of Information. A Point
of Information may never interrupt a speaker.
If a justice poses a Point of Information which is immaterial, based on hearsay, technically incorrect
(competence), prejudicial or based on speculation, the other justices have the right to raise an
objection. However, the objection can only be raised before the Point of Information is answered and
not during or after.
If the objection is deemed valid by the Presiding Officers, the Point of Information will go unanswered.
POINT OF IMPEACHMENT
If a justice feels that a verdict is unlawful then the justice thereby has the right to present it to the court
and justify the accusations. It is then under the discretion of the head table to pass it to the court to
Page | 32
vote. A 2/3 majority is needed in order for the verdict to be evoked and then debated upon to a point
where all justices unanimously agree that a lawful, just verdict is succumbed.
VOTING:
According to Article 18 of the Statue; Votes shall be taken by roll call. When voting on draft judgments
or judiciary opinions, justices may vote Yea, in favor of the applicant, Nay, in favor of the respondent,
or abstain. In the event of a tie, a second vote shall be taken in which no abstentions are permitted. If
the tie remains unbroken, the President shall have the casting vote and subsequently declare the case
closed.
VOCABULARY (USEFUL EXPRESSIONS):
Mister/Madam President When addressing the President.
Mister/Madam Vice-President When addressing the Vice-President.
Mister/Madam Rapporteur When addressing the Rapporteur.
Your Honor / Honorable Judge/Justice When addressing a fellow Judge.
The Applicant When addressing the state initiating the case.
The Respondent When addressing the accused state.
RESEARCH
HOW TO FIND AN ICJ DECISION ON A SPECIFIC TOPIC:
Go to the ICJ website at www.icj-cij.org
Click on Decision in the header.
If you know the year of your case, scroll down until you find it.
If you know the topic of the case, or one of the parties, use the Find function (Ctrl+F on a PC) and enter
the countrys name or keyword
When you find the case, click on the appropriate link.
To see the full text of the decision, click on the Judgment link on the left of the page, if it is available. If
it is not available, the case has not yet been decided.
Page | 33
.gov websites for Governments stance.

Media websites like www.reuters.com.
Statistics of states could be viewed at www.cia.gov
JUDICIARY OPINION
FORMAT BREAKDOWN:
Objective Summary of the case
The objective summary of the case is a basic interpretation of facts where the Judge is expected to write
up a 200 word summary of the case study. The judge may include personal opinions. However, this
portion of the Judiciary Opinion will be marked based on research.
Judgment
The Judgment is where the Judge has to describe and justify all suggested rulings that he/she wishes the
Court to pass on the relevant case or advisory opinion. This portion of the Judiciary Opinion will be
marked based on the Judges knowledge on international law.
NOTE: Judges are not supposed to write this section in the format of a resolution. They have the
freedom to write in continuous paragraphs, and are also expected to incorporate international law that
supports the rulings/decisions they recommend.
Bibliography
The bibliography section should consist of any and all links that aided the Judge in research. Any source
except for personal blogs or Wikipedia is accepted.
Page | 34
ARTICLE 1
The International Court of Justice established by the Charter of the United Nations as the principal
judicial organ of the United Nations shall be constituted and shall function in accordance with the
provisions of the present Statute.
CHAPTER I ORGANIZING THE COURT
ARTICLE 2
1. The Court shall be composed of a body of independent judges, elected regardless of their nationality
from among persons of high moral character, who possess the qualifications required in their respective
countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices, or are jurisconsults of recognized competence
in international law.
2. The court shall also be composed of:
A presiding authority comprising of a President and Vice President.
ARTICLE 3
1. The Court shall consist of fifteen members, no two of whom may be nationals of the same state.
2. A person who for the purposes of membership in the Court could be regarded as a national of more
than one state shall be deemed to be a national of the one in which he ordinarily exercises civil and
political rights.
ARTICLE 4
1. The members of the Court shall be elected by the General Assembly and by the Security Council from
a list of persons nominated by the national groups in the Secretary General, Undersecretary General and
President of the General Assembly, in accordance with the following provisions.
2. The declaration to be made by every member of the court in accordance with Article 8 of the statute
shall be as follows:
I solemnly declare, that I will perform my duties and exercise my powers as judge honorably, faithfully,
impartially and conscientiously
ARTICLE 5
1. No member of the Court may exercise any political or administrative function, or engage in any other
occupation of a professional nature.
2. Any doubt on this point shall be settled by the decision of the Court.
Page | 35
ARTICLE 6
1. No member of the Court may act as agent, counsel, or advocate in any case.
2. No member may participate in the decision of any case in which he has previously taken part as
agent, counsel, or advocate for one of the parties, or as a member of a national or international court,
or of a Council of enquiry, or in any other capacity.
3. Any doubt on this point shall be settled by the decision of the Court.
ARTICLE 7
The members of the Court, when engaged on the business of the Court, shall enjoy diplomatic privileges
and immunities.
ARTICLE 8
Every member of the Court shall, before taking up his duties, make a solemn declaration in open court
that he will exercise his powers impartially and conscientiously.
CHAPTER II COMPETENCE OF THE COURT
ARITCLE 9
1. The jurisdiction of the Court comprises all cases which the parties refer to it and all matters specially
provided for in the Charter of the United Nations or in treaties and conventions in force.
2. The states parties to the present Statute may at any time declare that they recognize as compulsory
ipso facto and without special agreement, in relation to any other state accepting the same obligation,
the jurisdiction of the Court in all legal disputes concerning:
A) The interpretation of a treaty;
B) Any question of international law;
C) The existence of any fact which, if established, would constitute a breach of an international
obligation;
D) The nature or extent of the reparation to be made for the breach of an international obligation.
3. The declarations referred to above may be made unconditionally or on condition of reciprocity on the
part of several or certain states, or for a certain time.
4. Such declarations shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall
transmit copies thereof to the parties to the Statute and to the Registrar of the Court.
Page | 36
5. Declarations made under Article 36 of the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and
which are still in force shall be deemed, as between the parties to the present Statute, to be
acceptances of the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice for the period which
they still have to run and in accordance with their terms.
6. In the event of a dispute as to whether the Court has jurisdiction, the matter shall be settled by the
decision of the Court.
ARTICLE 10
1. The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as are
submitted to it, shall apply:
A) International conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognized by
the contesting states;
B) International custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law;
C) The general principles of law recognized by civilized nations;
D) Subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified
publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law.
2. This provision shall not prejudice the power of the Court to decide a case ex aequo et bono, if the
parties agree thereto.
CHAPTER III PROCEDURE
ARTICLE 11
1. The president of the court has the authority to remove a judge from the court if the judge is found to
violate any articles of the statute or if the judge fails to meet the standard required by the court.
2. During the absence of the president the vice president may assume the role of the president.
3. In case of urgency the president, the Secretary General, the Under Secretary General and the
President of the General Assembly may convene the court at any time.
ARTICLE 12
1. The deliberations of the court shall take place in private and remain secret. The court may however,
at any time, decide in respect of its deliberations on other than judicial matters to publish or allow
publication of any part of them
2. Only judges, and the assessors, if any, take part in the courts judicial deliberations. No other person
shall be present except by permission of the court.
Page | 37
ARTICLE 13
1. The court may question agents, witnesses, experts and friends of the court following the prior
approval of the Secretary General or the Undersecretary General.
2. The time limit for the questioning of each individual shall be determined by the president of the court.
3. Unless on account of special circumstances the Court decides on a different form of words, every
witness, expert or friend of court shall make the following declaration before giving any evidence:
I solemnly declare upon my honor and conscience that I will speak the truth, the whole truth and
nothing but the truth
4. If the testimony of a witness or certain evidence is proven false, fake, irrelevant or questionable in
any general sense, a motion to dismiss the witness or the evidence by a justice is in order. The presiding
officer will recognize one speaker for and against the motion. The majority of two thirds justices are
needed for it to pass. If the motion passes, the justices will be instructed by the presiding officer to
disregard the testimony or evidence in their final decisions.
ARTICLE 14
Votes shall be taken by roll call. When voting on draft judgments or judiciary opinions, justices may vote
Yea, in favor of the applicant, Nay, in favor of the respondent, or abstain. In the event of a tie, a
second vote shall be taken in which no abstentions are permitted. If the tie remains unbroken, the
President shall have the casting vote and subsequently declare the case closed.
ARTICLE 15
1. The court will undertake the responsibility to hear legal case studies on individuals and subsequently
pass a judgment with the consent of the Secretary and/or Under Secretary general of the United
Nations.
2. Any judgments passed by the International court of Justice in accordance with Article 15 sub clause 1
Should take place with the presence of the Secretary General and/or Under Secretary General and/or
President of the General Assembly.
ARTICLE 16
Objections against motions, speeches or other statements are valid only on the following grounds:
A) Immaterial
B)
C) Competence
D) Prejudicial
Page | 38
E) Speculation
ARTICLE 17
In cases of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and crimes of aggression. Justices will be able
to desegregate the Rome Statute in order to pass legally binding judgments. With the concord of the
Secretary General, Under-Secretary General and President of the General Assembly
ARTICLE 18
In cases that are trialed that are not encompassed by the Rome Statute, justices are under the concord
to pass an investigative judgment with accordance with International law and the pillars of the Rome
Statute
Page | 39
The United Nations Peacebuilding Committee

The mandate of the United Nations Peacebuilding Committee (UNPC) tasks it with maintaining and
improving peace in and facilitating the development of countries that have emerged from conflict,
through the implementation and support of efforts that engender Peacebuilding and sustainable
development.
To bring together all relevant actors, to marshal resources and to advise on and develop
integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery;
This means that the UNPC must organize and create a multilateral strategy to help a country recover
from conflict.
To develop and improve the reconstruction and institution-building efforts necessary for
recovery from conflict and to develop integrated strategies in order to bring about sustainable
development;
This means that the UNPC must ameliorate the holistic process of recovery from conflict in a manner
that is sustainable.
To provide recommendations and information on, and to improve the coordination of all
relevant actors within and outside the United Nations, and develop best practices,
This means that the UNPC must advise the parties involved in the peacebuilding process and improve
their coordination, and develop best practices.
To ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and to extend the period of
attention given by the international community to postconflict recovery.
Page | 40
Page | 41
1. Key Skills
Research
3.1.1. Importance
The importance of research stems from the fact that it provides delegates with their source of
information for a particular committee topic, let it be the situation in the Korean Peninsula or the role of
sustainable development. Research is a fundamental key in writing a brilliant Foreign Policy Statement
and assists delegates when creating resolutions.
3.1.2. What to research

Primarily delegates should gather information based on their given country, therefore there is a wide
range of topics delegates should consider when doing research.
This includes:
- Geography:
Size, location, natural resources, region and neighboring states.
- Statistics:
Population, population density, growth rates
- Society:
Ethnicities and their representation, religious groups and influences, languages, customs and traditions
- Economy:
Type and size of economy (planned, mixed or free market economy), imports/exports, trading partners
and views on trade.
- Government:
Type of government ( religious, secular, monarchy etc.), leaders stance on important issues
- History:
Significant historical events, disputes and conflicts, whether internal or external
- International relations:
Page | 42
Historical allies and enemies, membership of international organizations (e.g: WTO, EU etc. )
Delegates will have to prepare and build a keen intellect on the topics being discussed. They should also
infer how influential or neighboring states ought to react to a particular or sudden situation, as this will
be a prominent factor when forming alliances during resolution writing.
3.1.3. Useful sources of information

The internet is not the only domain for information. There are other numerous sources of information
which provide a valuable amount of knowledge to the delegate for his/her research. This includes:
- Books:
Libraries can house useful information relating to the delegates country. The United Nations information
centre library in Colombo contains copies of past UN resolutions.
- Foreign newspapers:
These can often be accessed online if you cannot find hard copies. These are excellent sources of
information, and the bias towards a certain side of an issue can give a delegate an insight into the
national mood of the delegates country.
- Embassies:
Foreign Embassies can be extremely useful in providing information about their countries position on
the issues you are researching and discussing about. The executive committee recommends delegates to
visit these embassies as a delegation. In the past, delegations have had very productive meetings with
embassy officials and have received valuable information from them.
- News broadcasts:
It is recommended that delegates watch at least a few minutes of international news everyday to keep
levels of general knowledge up to mark. Media sources such as BBC and CNN have excellent reputations
in providing an in depth coverage of daily events.
- Web sites:
Certain web sites should be approached with caution as they may or may not be credible. It is advisable
to visit official websites; examples of these are:
- UN Home page http://www.un.org/en/

- Worldwide news agencies such as http://www.reuters.com/
- Regional Organizations
Page | 43
o E.g. EU, http://europa.eu/index_en.htm

- Government Websites
o These can make excellent sources of information.
o E.g. http://www.priu.gov.lk/ (government site for Sri Lanka)
- Business and Financial News Websites should often be compared with each other for more accurate
information.
- It is also important to remember that not all websites are 100% reliable in their information (general
information may be biased) therefore it is advised that delegates should be quite cautious when
researching about a particular issue or topic. Websites such as Wikipedia are not always reliable.
Page | 44
Foreign Policy Statement

3.2. FOREIGN POLICY STATEMENT (FPS)
3.2.1. Introduction
A document that each participating delegate must prepare and submit to the chairs of their committees
is called the Foreign Policy Statement (FPS). This document presents the delegates countrys current
stance on the topic of discussion, the actions that have been taken for or against the topic, as well as
any future plans the country has made. The FPS is extremely important as the delegate must adopt
his/her countrys stance throughout the entire conference.
The FPS conveys only the countrys position on the topic at hand, and should not contain any of the
delegates personal opinions or notions. It is vital that the delegate sticks to their countrys position on
the topic during the conference, as the chairs will constantly be verifying all the information provided by
the delegate with the submitted FPS, to make sure the delegate is in accordance with the government
he/she represents.
The FPS is written in a precise format, and must be submitted to the chairs of each delegates
committee by the set deadline. Each FPS is graded by the chairs, and they shall decide on the best FPS
written in their committee. An award is presented at the end of the conference in each committee, to
the delegate who submits the best FPS.
3.2.2. Guidelines for FPS Preparation
The FPS focuses on three key areas in relation to a topic:

- The countrys stance on the stated topic
- The actions already implemented by the country in relation to the topic
- The future actions the country is planning on implementing in relation to the topic
An ideal FPS is not one that is filled with facts and statistics. For a truly excellent FPS, the delegate must
address each of the mentioned criteria in a very concise, methodical and informative manner that is
logical in its structure and information presentation. In addition to all of this, a high standard of research
must be evident as well. Listed below, are some ways in improving an FPS:
Page | 45
+ Excellent Research:
An effective FPS is one that informs its reader of exactly what is relevant. The key to this, is research.
The delegate must provide accurate and precise information, and this can be done by researching in
depth about their topic in general, as well as their countrys position. Delegates may use books,
newspapers, the internet and any other means to obtain their information but it must be certain that
the gathered information is current, as well as completely accurate. Also all the information included in
the FPS must be relevant to the topic. It is important that delegates do not simply copy information from
their sources, as this is plagiarism. As a representative of a nation, it is up to you to make sure that your
FPS does not include directly copied information unless you may be quoting facts or statistics or
statements made by public figures, in which case it must be stated explicitly. If plagiarism is observed, it
reflects very poorly on the delegate, and represents laziness and disinterest, and will not impress the
chairs.
+ Concise, Logical Presentation:

The presentation of the research is also a very important aspect of the FPS. It should not be a simple
regurgitation of facts and research; instead it must be structured in a clear and comprehensive manner.
The three main questions should be clearly answered, with sufficient information and presented
systematically. This is in fact, a very important criterion, because in essence, a good FPS will display
logical presentation, an accurate and a comprehensive presentation of required information in a clear
and understandable manner.
+ Good Language Skills:

Many delegates try to hide their lack of research and information with complex and obscure language.
This in many cases is quite clear and does not impress the chairs at all. Good language refers to the
effectiveness of communicating the information, in the clear and logical manner as mentioned above, in
an official and engaging tone. It is not supposed to be poetic or overly descriptive in any way, and must
maintain formality in its entirety. It must present all the information the delegate decides to include
efficiently and must be grammatically accurate.
If these criteria are adhered to and are observable in an FPS, it will impress the chairs.
Page | 46
SAMPLE FOREIGN POLICY STATEMENT

Committee: General Assembly 2
Name of delegate: xxx
Delegation: Pakistan
Date: xxth February 2010
School: xxx
Questions
1. External debt sustainability and development
2. Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the occupied Palestinian territory,
including East-Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over
their natural resources.
1 a) Does my country support question one?

Yes
b) What has my country done to support or condemn question one?
Debt sustainability is generally defined by IMF and World Bank as the ability of a country
to meet its current and future debt provision obligations without resorting to debt deferment or
accumulation of debts and without compromising growth. Consequently Pakistan is barely able to
meet the said conditions of debt sustainability. It has been concluded that the primary fiscal and
current account imbalances were the main causes of public debt sustainability issues. Both the
public and external debt ratios have remained far from the sustainable levels during 1970s to 2000s.
The steadily rising growth rate in the early 2000s i.e. the year 2000 to the year 2007 from 3.1% to
6.6% indicated that the external debt sustainability conditions had been met to a certain extent with
a reasonable growth rate, however these conditions did not hold for long and growth rates fell to
2.7% in the year 2009, nevertheless as of recent growth rates are gaining and currently stand at a
4.8%. Regardless of the constantly fluctuating growth rates which may be considered a cause of
concern it should be noted that the GDP growth rate in Pakistan never fell to below 0% indicating
that Pakistan was not affected adversely by the credit crunch or the global recession and that there
always has been a certain degree of growth and development.
There are several indicators as to the fact that the external assistance offered to Pakistan
has been used for the purpose of development, there have been improvements in the literacy rate,
life expectancy, reserves of gold and such, and a reduction in infant mortality, deaths due to HIV
Page | 47
and so on. However pressing problems seem to be the continued and drastic increase in both
unemployment and inflation. Although the problem of inflation could be attributed to the rising
prices of oil and the rise in global food prices and therefore having a direct effect on the rates of
unemployment due to the falling levels of demand for both goods and labour due to higher prices,
the Pakistani government are making an effort to address this problem through subsidization of
local industries and encouragement of Foreign Direct Investment with incentives for Multinational
Companies to relocate in Pakistan.
c) What does my country plan to do in the future to condemn or support question one?
Pakistan being a rather small but open economy has always borrowed externally to finance
its savings and foreign exchange gap. Pakistan further recognizes the importance of using aid to
fund the savings gap which would directly result in increased levels of investment and fund the
foreign exchange gap which would mean that now capital goods can be purchased from abroad to
increase the amount of consumer goods in the long run. However the expected level of growth and
development are harder to achieve with Pakistans rising debt servicing costs. 67% of the net
revenue receipts of the federal government are allocated to foreign debt repayment and debt
servicing costs. According to the a statement released by the government recently the danger of
debt default continues to increase as foreign exchange reserves fell by over 70% due to rising oil
prices. Nevertheless the government of Pakistan is doing all it can to prevent defaulting from the
debt owed by trying to increase its sources of revenue by promoting exports and encouraging
Foreign Direct Investment. Pakistan further only calls for debt relief in dire and drastic
circumstances and stresses that it does not recommend debt relief as a primary option. Pakistan
has been in the past struggling with the issue of debt sustainability and will do all within its power
to continue to pay its debts however also calls upon for emergency debt relief in the face of a
natural disaster as with the floods of 2010.
1 a) Does my country support question two?
Yes
b) What has my country done to support or condemn question two?
The Israeli Palestinian conflict and the Israeli- Arab war has been one of great concern
to the government of Pakistan over a long period of time and as per a statement made by the
President of Pakistan, Pakistan will not recognize the state of Israel until an independent
Palestinian state has been established. The Pakistani government has always strongly believed that
the Palestinians be given permanent sovereignty of the currently occupied Palestinian territory.
Although many have attributed this support rendered to Palestine to the lack of diplomatic relations
between Pakistan and Israel, the Pakistani government like the rest of the Arab world have far
more profound reasons for this support. The government of Pakistan deems it unfair that the
Israelis have been exploiting, damaging and depleting the natural resources of Palestine namely
Page | 48
oil, causing the country to fall into stark levels of poverty with extremely low levels of growth.
Moreover Pakistan believes that as a nation the Palestinians have the constitutional right to the
resources and wealth of the state therefore proving that by harming the environment, including
dumping of waste materials in the occupied Palestinian and Syrian territories, and by destroying
vital infrastructure, including water pipelines and sewage networks and by constructing a wall in
the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, Israel has violated
international law and critically deprived the Palestinian people of their natural resources.
The Pakistani government in the past has always shown its support for Palestine concerning
the issue, adding to the refusal of Pakistan to recognize the state of Israel, Pakistan also sent in
pilots to aid the Arab forces in the Arab-Israeli war. Although many negotiations have been
attempted over the years in between Pakistan and Israel, Pakistan has always stood its ground and
continues to support Palestine in the situation. Pakistan further approves the advancement of the
negotiations of the peace process in the Middle East as endorsed by the Security Council in the
past. Pakistan further believes that the Israelis should withdraw from the Gaza Strip and dismantles
all strongholds and settlements within the aforementioned territory. This continued territorial
dispute will only lead to the further exploitation of Palestine for its oil, especially given the rising
prices of oil and therefore Pakistan believes that the Palestinians have the right to claim restitution
due to the illegal measures taken upon by the occupying Power which has not only caused damage
and depletion to the natural resources of Palestine but the acts of terror and prolonged battles have
left its mark upon the citizens of both countries.
c) What does my country plan to do in the future to support to condemn question two?
Pakistan believes that if Palestine is given control of its resources and sovereignty the
nation could flourish provided that it is given sufficient aid as it would be emerging from dire
circumstances. This would be in the best interests of Pakistan and other nations as now diplomatic
relations can be established with Israel and peace in Palestine would mean an increase in the level
of trade having a sound impact on Pakistans economy. This would increase exports for Pakistan
which means that the Balance of Payments will improve and increase our stocks of foreign
exchange. Pakistan believes that a settling of this conflict and providing the Palestinian people the
constitutional right to their wealth and resources will encourage growth in the Middle East, as a
growing nation always has positive spillover effects on its neighbours and trade partners. The
settling of this war could also mend ties between other nations which have taken opposite sides on
this issue. The end to the conflict also means that now money used in the past for defense could
be funneled into more productive channels such as health and education causing growth and
development and therefore the government of Pakistan believes that they are justified in their
support of Palestine.
Page | 49
LIST OF PRE-AMS & OPERATIVES

Sample Pre-ambulatory Phrases
Acknowledging
Affirming
Alarmed by
Appreciating
Approving
Aware of
Bearing in mind
Believing
Condemning
Confident
Conscious
Considering
Contemplating
Convinced
Concerned
Declaring
Desiring
Determined
Distressed
Disturbed
Emphasizing
Encouraged
Endorsing
Examining
Expressing its appreciation
Expressing its satisfaction
Expressing serious concern
Expecting
Fulfilling
Fully alarmed
Fully aware
Fully believing
Further deploring
Further recalling
Grieved
Guided by
Having adopted
Having considered
Having considered further
Having devoted attention
Having examined
Having heard
Having received
Having studied
Keeping in mind
Mindful
Noting with regret
Noting with deep concern
Noting with satisfaction
Noting further
Noting with approval
Observing
Reaffirming
Realizing
Recalling
Recognizing
Referring
Regretting
Retaining
Seeking
Stressing
Supporting
Taking into account
Taking into consideration
Taking note
Viewing with appreciation
Welcoming
Deeply
Sample Operating phrases

Accepts
Appreciates
Calls upon
Confirms
Declares accordingly
Directs
Endorses
Has resolved
Proclaims
Regrets
Requests
Stresses
Adopts
Affirms
Approves
Authorizes
Concurs
Commends
Congratulates
Considers
Demands
Deplores
Draws the attention
Emphasizes
Expresses its appreciation
Instructs
Invites
Reaffirms
Recognizes
Reminds
Renews
Resolves
Rejects
Suggests
Supports
Appeals
Calls
Condemns
Decides
Designates
Encourages
Expresses its hope
Notes
Recommends
Repeats
Solemnly affirms
Takes note of
Page | 50
Takes note with appreciation

Welcomes
Underlines
Strongly
Transmits
Urges
Trusts
Further
Formal Debating
3.6. FORMAL DEBATING
3.6.1. Speeches
Formal debating can take place at the beginning of a session where delegates express the views, explain
the stance of their country regarding the topic and bring forth solutions to solve the topic being
discussed.
This is done using moderated caucus topics during the speakers list and during the discussion of
resolutions and amendments.
3.6.2. Prepared Speeches

Prepared speeches are those that are delivered during the opening statements at conference. A good
prepared speech contains:
- An introduction explaining your countrys interest in solving the problem Specific suggestions on how
to solve the problem
- Supporting arguments
- A conclusion
3.6.3. Impromptu Speeches

Making an Impromptu speech might seem like a daunting task but it doesnt have to be. Follow this
guide in order to become a good impromptu speaker;
- Make quick notes to remind you of your points and the flow of your speech.
- Pay attention to the speeches made by other delegates, it can help you avoid repeating topics, and can
add more content to your own speech.
- Address specific clauses from resolutions and explain why you support or oppose it.
Page | 51
3.6.4. Speech Presentation

Good public speaking skills are essential at the United Nations. A good Orator will capture the attention
of the house and deliver the necessary content with the required effect. Here are some tips to help with
speech presentation:
- The Golden Rule: Display character in your speech
- Plan your speech
- Project and articulate
- Make eye contact with the audience
- Content is key. So deliver the necessary content with effect.
- Be Courteous and diplomatic in your delivery.
You represent the national interest of your delegation. Therefore ensure that it is the opinion of your
delegation that is conveyed in your speech and not your own.
Page | 52
Negotiating
3.3. NEGOTIATING
3.3.1. Overview
The art of negotiation is one aspect which COMUN aims to promote in all its delegates. Debating on
political issues at an international scale, delegates must understand that each country cannot get what
they want. A give or take relationship must be established amongst countries which will be facilitated
through negotiation.
3.3.2. Objectives, Strategies and Tactics

Comprehending your countrys stance will allow you to easily understand its objectives too. Delegates
must question what their countrys stance is on an issue, what action they would like taken and how it is
to be executed. Understanding and asking these questions on every issue will help you understand your
country better.
There are certain strategies and tactic delegates may employ during caucusing and debating to
strengthen their position.
- Aggression: This can be done by pin pointing out errors in other delegates speeches. This may be done
if a country goes against its foreign policy or falsely condemns another country.
- Surrendering: This may seem as a weak approach but do not undermine its capability of setting your
reputation. If a fellow delegate points out a mistake in your argument accept it and move on, its a more
dignified way of dealing with the situation. However, since they have pointed out an error in your
argument they may try to further point out alternative fallacies in your points raised.
Tactics that can be used are as follows:

- Dividing the issue: Sometimes countries are more divided on a matter than you actually think they are.
It would be beneficial to find points of agreements with other delegates and work towards those. You
should try to negotiate on disagreements.
- Horse-trading: When delegates disagree on more than one issue it is advisable that one delegate gets
to have his or her way on one issue and the other on another issue. This will be considered a win-win
situation.
Page | 53
3.3.3. Negotiating in COMUN: Caucusing

Caucusing is the phase of negotiation during conference. This is an informal debate between delegates
and during this time delegates will form a consensus on one side of the argument. Normally delegates
will form two or more group centered behind one side of the argument. These groups may decide to
either produce resolutions supporting their views or launch a series of attacks on other resolutions
during debates. Alongside this, delegates may form voting blocs where they agree to vote on the same
resolution.
3.3.4. The Presence of Chairs

Chairs are present to keep order of the debate that takes place, ensuring that things do not go out of
hand and the formal register is maintained. In addition to this, they monitor the quality of debate
amongst delegates. Also, they are there to help delegates out so if any problems arise, do not hesitate
to ask them!
Page | 54
Points to remember
Pre-ambulatory clauses
Describe the recent history of the issue.
Reference past UN actions and UN resolutions passed concerning the topic where relevant.
Operative Clauses
Include solutions to the problem rather than restating the problem.
Given that every committee functions to reach a consensus on an issue, do not be blatantly political.
Ensure that co-submitting nations are not going against their foreign policy statement by supporting
your resolution.
Write a resolution with an international point of view as opposed to a single countrys wishes.
Refer issues which need further discussion to appropriate existing bodies.
Do not create new Councils, committees or bodies without considering the funding available for these
entities.
Ensure that the resolution caters to the requirements of the committee you are in.
Always reference previous UN resolutions if clauses are being adopted from them, if not it will be
considered plagiarism.
If there are two opposing sides to an issue, always include clauses in your resolution with maybe a more
neutral stance. This will display your level of diplomacy.
Page | 55
Rules and Procedure

4.1. INTRODUCTION
This section of the manual contains information that should be understood thoroughly by delegates,
chairs, and admin. The major part of this section contains rules that apply to all delegates at COMUN.
Since the SC and ECOSOC share most of these rules, the parts of this section pertaining to those councils
shall only contain information on rules and procedures that are unique to them. The councils also share
many rules with each other, and delegates of SC are advised to read the page on ECOSOC, and vice
versa. This section contains several hypothetical quotes of dialogue between chairs and delegates. While
these quotes are based on established patterns of procedure, the exact wording used by delegates and
chairs may be slightly different. What is important is that the style and general patterns of these
dialogues are understood. The enumeration of certain rules and procedures within this manual shall not
be taken to suggest that delegates should only adhere to those rules stated here. At all times, delegates
are expected to follow accepted norms of etiquette, be diplomatic and courteous to all, and maintain
high personal standards of behavior, whether or not they are addressed in this manual.
4.2. GENERAL INFORMATION
4.2.1. Patterns of Formality

Delegates should:
- Address the chair as Mister/Madam Chairman.
- Address the chairpersons as a whole as The Chair, or The Head Table.
- Address a person with a title of office if present in the room, e.g. Mister/Madam, etc.
- Address the chair before speaking.
- Respect and accept the chairs decisions at all times.
- Speak through the chair when addressing another delegate.
- Do not speak without first obtaining the floor.
- Do not use the pronoun you when addressing the chair or other delegates.
- Speak in third person.
- Do not speak when another delegate is on the floor.
Chairs should:
- Speak in third person, e.g. The Chair believes
Page | 56
- Address the delegate in an impersonal manner. E.g. The chair asks the delegate of X
4.2.2. Call to Order
This procedure is carried out by the chairpersons at the opening of any meeting or debate. The chair
opens a meeting by standing, waiting or signaling for silence, and then announcing: The meeting shall
now come to order. The admin by order of the Chair will then take a roll call if necessary.
4.2.3. Agenda
The agenda is the order of the collection of issues debated by each committee. The agenda is proposed
by the President, and should first be approved by the committee before commencing its business.
4.2.4. Voting
For resolutions and amendments:
- Voting is normally carried out via a show of placards.
- The three choices are to be in favor, be opposed to, and abstain.
- If voting results are very close and the outcome is in doubt, a delegate may request a division of
assembly, a recount of the votes via a roll call, in which members are called in alphabetical order to
state what their decision is. The chair may deny such a request if he or she feels that it is unnecessary.
For procedural matters:
- Always carried out via a show of placards.
In SC:
- Voting on resolutions is always via a roll call.
- Voting on amendments and procedural matters is always via a show of placards.
4.2.5. Obtaining, Yielding, and Being Assigned the Floor

Obtaining the floor:
The floor can be obtained by a member of the assembly who wishes to make a motion or speech. The
floor is obtained by being recognized by the chair through the following ways:
- The delegate who wishes to be recognized raises his or her placard when no one is speaking.
- The chair announces, The chair recognizes the delegate of X
- The delegate requests, I wish to obtain the floor.
Page | 57
Yielding the floor:

When a delegate finishes speaking, the chair asks, Does the delegate wish to yield the floor back to the
chair, or to another delegate? The delegate may reply, The delegate yields the floor to the chair, or
The delegate yields the floor to the delegate of X The floor may only be yielded once consecutively,
and never to a member of the same delegation. A delegate must speak if yielded the floor.
4.2.6. Types of Motions
A motion is a call by a delegate, or the chairs, to perform a certain action. Chairs generally have the
power to deny most motions, including the motion to appeal (explained later).
There are four different types of motions:
1. Resolutions (Main Motions)
2. Subsidiary Motions
3. Privileged Motions
4. Incidental Motions
Page | 58

Delegate Manual COMUN 2015

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Delegate Manual COMUN 2015

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Delegate Manual

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

The United Nations ............................................................................................................................... 3

The Colombo Model United Nations .................................................................................................... 8

Key Skills .............................................................................................................................................. 42

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

3.1.3. Useful sources of information................................................................................................... 43

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

1. The United Nations

1.3.1. GENERAL ASSEMBLY (GA)

1.3.2. SECURITY COUNCIL (SC)

1.3.3. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL (ECOSOC)

Of these two organs, only the ICJ is simulated by COMUN.

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

1.6. THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

2. The Colombo Model United Nations

2.4 CONFERENCE FORMAT

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

Disarmament and International Security Committee

Functions and Powers

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

Economical and Financial Committee

It will be comprised of all the members of the United Nations.

Considering the voting procedure,

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

The Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL)

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

United Nations Human Rights Council

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

The Bureau of the Council

Special Rules and Procedures

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote.

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

COMPOSITION & PRIVILEGES

CHAPTER VI: PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

This Article in no way impairs the application of Articles 34 and 35.

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

International Court of Justice

GENERAL POWERS OF THE OFFICERS OF THE COURT

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

POINT OF PARLIMENTARY INQUIRY:

POINT OF PERSONAL PREVILAGE:

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

.gov websites for Governments stance.

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

The United Nations Peacebuilding Committee

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

COMUN 2015 | www.comun2015.org

3.1.2. What to research

3.1.3. Useful sources of information

- UN Home page http://www.un.org/en/