Professional Documents
Culture Documents
18)
1. A low-rise building of flat roof is subjected to a typhoon. The maximum wind speed of
the typhoon is 40m/s. There are openings at the surfaces of the building. The pressure
coefficients and the corresponding areas of the openings are shown in Fig. Q1. Determine
the internal pressure coefficients and hence the lift force at the roof given that the area of
the roof is 20mx20m. Density of air=1.23kg/m3
Roof
Cpe2= -1.2, A2=1m2
Cpe1=1.0, A1=3m2
Cpi1
A5=0.5m2
u=40m/s
Cpi2
Fig. Q1
2. A concrete house of 10m height and cross-section area 10x10m is to be constructed on the
top of an escarpment as shown in Fig. Q2. Determine the design wind load of the house
using the Hong Kong Wind Code. Explain why there is a wind speed increase for wind
blowing uphill.
house
wind
30m
10m
20o
30o
20m
Fig. Q2
50m
3. A wind tunnel test has been carried out to determine the wind induced pressure and
force on a building of width 30m, height 100m and under the 50 yr extreme wind speed
of 59.5m/s. Dimensional analysis shows that
b d Vh
b d Vh
C p p , ,
; C F F , ,
h h
h h
where Cp=pressure coefficient, CF=force coefficient, h=height, b=width, d=depth,
V=velocity, =kinematic viscosity of air = 1.46x10-5 m2/s. The geometric scale ratio is
1:400 (model to prototype) and a velocity 10m/s is used in the wind tunnel. Determine
the Reynolds number in the model and in the prototype conditions. Explain why
Reynolds number similarity is not required. Hence determine the pressure coefficient at a
particular point and the building and force coefficient of the building if the pressure and
force measured in the model is 50N/m2 and 1.5N. The same fluid (air) is used in the wind
tunnel and the density of air=1.23kg/m3.
3. Determine the maximum discharge of a 0.75m x 0.75m concrete box culvert (f=0.025)
with round entrance (Ke=0.2) if the culvert slope is 0.005, the length is 5m, the headwater
level is 1.2m above the inlet bottom invert level, and the tailwater level is 1m above the
outlet bottom invert level of the box culvert.
Determine the tailwater level if the box culvert is operated under the inlet control
condition. What is then the discharge?