LehmannIA SSM Ch7

Chapter 7
Using Quadratic Functions to Model Data

Homework 7.1
27. x 2 = 32
1.
16 = 4 4 = 4 4 = 2 2 = 4
3.
8 = 42 = 4 2 = 2 2
5.
12 = 4 3 = 4 3 = 2 3
7.
4
=
9
2 2
=
3 3
9.
6
=
49
11.
13.
15.
5
2
9
6
2
6
3
32
x = 16 2
x = 4 2
29. x 2 = 300
x = 300
2 2 2
=
3 3 3
x = 100 3
x = 10 3
6
=
7
49
2
x = 32
6
=
5 2
36
3
16 2
3
17.
3
=
2
19.
11
11
=
=
20
20
5 2
2
9 6 3 6
=
6
2
4
9 6
2
2
31. x 2 48 = 0
x 2 = 48
3
4 2
x = 48
x = 16 3
2
2
x = 4 3
33. x 2 = 9 ; there are no real number solutions.
3 2
4 4
3 2 3 2
=
42
8
35. x 2 + 25 = 0 means x 2 = 25 ; there are no real

number solutions.
37. 4 x 2 = 36
x2 = 9
6
=
2
4
11
11
x= 9
55
55
=
=
=
10
4 5 2 5 5 2 25
x = 3
39. 5 x 2 = 8
8
x2 =
5
21. x = 36
x = 36
2
x = 6
x=
23. x 2 = 5
x= 5
x=
25. x 3 = 0
x2 = 3
x=
x= 3
184
8
42
2 2
=
=
5
5
5
2 2
5
2 10
5
5
5
2 10
25
Homework 7.1
SSM: Intermediate Algebra

41. 3 x 2 14 = 0
51. 3(4 x + 7) 2 = 9
3 x 2 = 14
x2 =
(4 x + 7) 2 = 3 Since the square of a number is

nonnegative, there are no real number
solutions.
14
3
x=
x=
x=
14
14
=
3
3
14
3
3
3
53. 5( x 6)2 + 3 = 23
42
5( x 6)2 = 20
( x 6) 2 = 4
42
3
x6 = 4
x 6 = 2
x 6 = 2 or x 6 = 2
43. ( x 4)2 = 25
x = 8 or x = 4
x 4 = 25
x 4 = 5
55. 3(4 x 9)2 + 5 = 31
x 4 = 5 or x 4 = 5
x = 4 + 5 or x = 4 5
3(4 x 9) 2 = 36
x = 9 or x = 1
(4 x 9) 2 = 12
4 x 9 = 12
45. (8 x + 3) 2 = 36
4x 9 = 4 3
8 x + 3 = 36
4 x 9 = 2 3
8 x + 3 = 6
4x = 9 2 3
8 x + 3 = 6 or 8 x + 3 = 6
x=
8 x = 3 or 8 x = 9
x=
3
9
or x =
8
8
57. Solve for x when f(x) = 0
47. (9 x 7) 2 = 0
9x 7 = 0
0 = x 2 17
9x = 7
x=
92 3
4
x 2 = 17
7
9
x = 17
The x-intercepts are
49. (8 x 3) 2 + 6 = 90
59. Solve for x when h(x) = 0

0 = ( x 2) 2 4
(8 x 3) 2 = 84
8 x 3 = 84
( x 2)2 = 4
8 x 3 = 4 21
x2 = 4
8 x 3 = 2 21
x 2 = 2
8 x = 3 2 21
x 2 = 2 or x 2 = 2
3 2 21
x=
8
x = 4 or x = 0
The x-intercepts are ( 4, 0 ) and (0, 0 ) .
185
17, 0 and 17, 0 .
Homework 7.1

0 = 3( x + 1) 2 + 12
3( x + 1) 2 = 12
( x + 1) 2 = 4
x +1 = 4
x + 1 = 2
x + 1 = 2 or x + 1 = 2
x = 1 or x = 3
The x-intercepts are (1, 0 ) and ( 3, 0 ) .
0 = 2( x + 7) 2 + 9
2( x + 7) 2 = 9
9
2
9
x+7 =
2
( x + 7) 2 =
0 = 2( x + 5) 2 + 1
2( x + 5) 2 = 1
( x + 5) 2 =
1
2
x+7 =
Since the square of a number is nonnegative, there

are no real number solutions.
x+7 =
x = 7
0 = ( x 5) 2 9
( x 5) = 9
2
2
3
2
3
2
Rationalize the denominator:
( x 5) = 9
2
( x 5)2 = 3
x 5 = 3
x 5 = 3 or x 5 = 3
2
2
3 2
2
3 2
2
x 4.88 or x 9.12
x = 7
x = 8 or x = 2
The x-intercepts are (8, 0 ) and ( 2, 0 ) . Since these
So, the x-intercepts are ( 4.88, 0 ) and ( 9.12, 0 ) .

Since these points are symmetric, the average of
4.88 + ( 9.12)
= 7 , is the xthe x-coordinates,
2
coordinate of the vertex of f(x). Substitute -7 for x
in the function to find the y-coordinate of the
vertex:
points are symmetric, the average of the x8 + 2 10

=
= 5 , is the x-coordinate of
coordinates,
2
2
the vertex of f(x). Substitute 5 for x in the function
to find the y-coordinate of the vertex:
f ( x) = (5 5) 2 9 = 9
Therefore, the vertex is (5, -9).
h( x) = 2( 7 + 7) 2 + 9 = 9
Therefore, the vertex is (-7, 9).
186
Homework 7.2
73.
a a 2 a 2
= = 1 =
b b
b2
a
b
75. Answers may vary. Example:

You can solve quadratic equations by extracting
the square root as long as they can be placed in
vertex form. (Samples: x 2 81 = 0 or
2( x 1) 2 + 9 = 0 )
69. Solve for x when g(x) = 0
You can solve quadratic equations by factoring as

long as the quadratic expression contained in the
equation is not prime. (Samples:
x 2 81 = ( x 9)( x + 9) = 0 or x 2 + 4 x + 4 = 0 ).
0 = x 31
2
x 2 = 31
x = 31
Homework 7.2
x 5.57 or x 5.57
So, the x-intercepts are 31, 0 and
12
1. = 62 = 36 = c
2
31, 0 .
Since these points are symmetric, the average of

31 + ( 31)
= 0 , is the x2
coordinate of the vertex of f(x). Substitute 0 for x in
the function to find the y-coordinate of the vertex:
This expression is x 2 + 12 x + 36 and its factored
the x-coordinates,
form is ( x + 6 ) .
2
14
2
3.
= (7) = 49 = c
2
g ( x) = (0) 2 31 = 31
Therefore, the vertex is (0, -31).
This expression is x 2 14 x + 49 and its factored

form is ( x 7 ) .
2
( 7) 2 49
7
=c
5. = 2 =
2
4
2
This expression is x 2 7 x +
49
and its factored
4
form is x .
2
71. No, the student did not solve it correctly. They

should have factored the left hand side first.
32 9
3
7. = 2 = = c
2
4
2
x 2 10 x + 25 = 0
( x 5)( x 5) = 0
This expression is x 2 + 3 x +
( x 5) 2 = 0
form is x + .
2
x5 = 0
x=5
187
9
and its factored
4
Homework 7.2
x 2 2 x = 10
12
1
1 1 1
=c
9. = = 2 =
4
16
2 2 4
x 2 2 x + 1 = 10 + 1
( x 1)
1
1
This expression is x + x +
and its factored
2
16
2
x 1 = 11
x = 1 11
form is x + .
4
= 11
19. First, change the equation to the form

x 2 + bx = p; x 2 18 x = 3 .
(2) 2
4
4 1 4 2
=c
11. = = = 2 =
5
2
10
5
5
25

This expression is x 2
18
2
Since
= (9) = 81 , add 81 to both sides of
2
the equation.
4
4
x+
and its factored
5
25
form is x .
5
x 2 18 x = 3
x 2 18 x + 81 = 3 + 81
( x 9)
x 9 = 84
6
13. Since = 32 = 9 , add 9 to both sides of the
2
equation.
x 9 = 2 21
x = 9 2 21
x 2 + bx = p; x 2 + 18 x = 9 .
x2 + 6 x = 1
x + 6x + 9 = 1 + 9
2
( x + 3)
= 84
= 10
18
Since = (9) 2 = 81 , add 81 to both sides of
2
the equation.
x + 3 = 10
x = 3 10
x 2 + 18 x = 9
12
15. Since = 6 2 = 36 , add 36 to both sides of the
2
equation.
x 2 18 x + 81 = 9 + 81
( x + 9)
= 90
x 2 + 12 x = 2
x + 9 = 90
x 2 + 12 x + 36 = 2 + 36
x + 9 = 3 10
( x + 6)
x = 9 3 10
= 38
x + 6 = 38

x 2 + bx = p; x 2 + 4 x = 8 .
x = 6 38
4
Since = (2)2 = 4 , add 4 to both sides of the
2
equation.
2
17. Since = (1)2 = 1 , add 1 to both sides of the
2
equation.
188
Homework 7.2
x 2 + 4 x = 8
x+
x + 4 x + 4 = 8 + 4
2
( x + 2)
= 4
x+

2
(7) 2 49
49
7
25. Since = 2 =
, add
to both sides
4
2
2
4

of the equation.
49
49
= 3+
4
4
12 1
1
1
Since = 2 = , add
to both sides of the
4
2
4
2
equation.
7 12 49
x = +
2
4
4
x 2 + x = 7
1
1
x 2 + x + = 7 +
4
4
7
61
x =
2
4
x
x
7
61
=
2
4
1
28 1
+
x+ =
2
4
4
7
61
=
2
2
7
61
x=
2
2
7
61
x=
2
1
27
x+ 2 = 4

2
( 5) 2 25
25
5 1 5
31. Since = = 2 =
, add
to
2
2
4
4
16
16

both sides of the equation.
5
1
x2 x =
2
2
5
25 1 25
= +
x2 x +
2
16 2 16
52 25
25
5
27. Since = 2 =
, add
to both sides of
4
2
4
2
the equation.
x2 + 5x = 4
x2 + 5x +
5
41
=
2
2
5
41
x=
2
2
5 41
x=
2

x 2 + bx = p; x 2 + x = 7 .
x2 7 x = 3
x2 7 x +
5
41
=
2
4
25
25
= 4+
4
4
5
8 25
x = +
4 16 16
5
33
x =
4 16
5 16 25
x+ = +
2
4 4
5
41
x+ 2 = 4
189
Homework 7.2
x
x

35. Change the equation so that it is in the form
ax 2 + bx = p : 5 x 2 + 15 x = 9 . Divide both sides
5
33
=
4
16
5
33
=
4
4
5
33
x=
4
4
5 33
x=
4
by 5 so that a = 1: x 2 + 3 x =
2
9
32 9
3
to both sides of the
= 2 = , add
4
2
4
2
equation.
9
5
9
9 9
x 2 + 3x + = +
4
5 4
x 2 + 3x =
33. Divide both sides by 2 so that a = 1:

2
3
2
4
. Since = ( 2 ) = 4 , add 4 to
2
2
both sides of the equation.
x2 4 x =
3
36 45
x+ = +
2
20 20
3
9
x+ =
2
20
3
x 4x =
2
3
x2 4 x + 4 = + 4
2
3 8
2
( x 2) = +
2 2
11
2
( x 2) =
2
11
x2 =
2
2
x2 =
x+
2
2
3
9
=
2
20
3
9
=
2
20
3
3
x+ =
2
2 5
x+
11
2 5

11
9
. Since
5
x+
22
2
5
5
3 5
10
3
3 5
=
2
10
3 3 5
x=
2 10
22
2
4
22
x=
2
2
4 22
x=
2
15 3 5
10 10
15 3 5
x=
10
x = 2
x=
190
Homework 7.2
37. Divide both sides by 3 so that a = 1: x 2 +

2
4
5
x= .
3
3
1
57
=
4
16
1
57
=
4
16
22 4
4
4 1 2
Since = = 2 = , add
to both
3
9
9
3 2 3
sides of the equation.
4
5
x=
3
3
4
4
5 4
x2 + x + = +
3
9 3 9
x2 +
2 15 4
x+ = +
3
9 9
x+
2
19
=
3
9
x+
2
19
=
3
9
x+
2
19
=
3
3
1
57
=
4
4
1
57
x=
4
4
1 57
x=
4

ax 2 + bx = p : 5 x 2 + 7 x = 3 . Divide both sides by
2 19
x+ =
3
9
5 so that a = 1: x 2 +
2
7
3
x=
5
5
7
49
3 49
2
= +
x + x+
5
100
5 100
x2 +
2 19
3
60 49
7
+
x+ =
10
100 100
11
7
x+ =
10
100

ax 2 + bx = p : 2 x 2 x = 7 . Divide both sides by 2
1
7
x = . Since
2
2
2
2
( 1) 2
1
1
1 1 1
, add
to both
= = 2 =
2
2
4
4
16
16

so that a = 1: x 2

5
1
43. Divide both sides by 8 so that a = 1: x 2 x = .
8
2
2
1
x2 x =
2
1
1
x2 x + =
2
16
7
3
x = . Since
5
5
72
49
49
7 1 7
, add
to both
= = 2 =
5
2
10
10
100
100

2
19
x=
3
3
x=
( 5) 2
25
25
5 1 5
=
Since = =
, add
2
8
2
16
16
256
256

to both sides of the equation.
5
1
x2 x =
8
2
5
25 1 25
= +
x2 x +
8
256 2 256
7
2
7 1
+
2 16
1
56 1
+
x =
4
16 16
1
57
x =
4
16
5
128 25
+
x =
16
256 256
5
153
x =
16
256
191
Homework 7.2
5
153
=
16
256
5
153
=
16
256
47. First, change the equation so that it is in the form

ax 2 + bx = p :
x( x 1) + 3 = 5( x + 1)
x2 x + 3 = 5x + 5
5
9 17
x =
16
16
x=
5 3 17
16
16
x=
5 3 17
16
x2 6x = 2
2
2
6
Since = ( 3 ) = 9 , add 9 to both sides of
2
the equation.
x2 6x = 2
45. First, change the equation so that it is in the form

ax 2 + bx = p :
x2 6x + 9 = 2 + 9
( x 3)
2 x( x 3) = 5 x
= 11
x 3 = 11
2x 6x = 5 x
2
x = 3 11
2x 5x = 5
2
49. No, the student did not solve the equation

correctly. The student should have first divided
both sides by 4 and then completed the square and
extracted the roots. The correct solution is:
Divide both sides by 2, so that a = 1:

x2
5
5
x=
2
2
4 x2 + 6 x = 1
2
3
x=
2
3
9
x2 + x + =
2
16
( 5) 2 25
25
5 1 5
Since = = 2 =
, add
4
16
16
2 2 4
to both sides of the equation.
5
x=
2
5
25
=
x2 x +
8
16
x2
x2 +
5
2
5 25
+
2 16
3
4 9
x+ = +
4 16 16
3 13
x+ =
4 16
5
40 25
+
x =
4
16 16
x+
3
13
=
4
16
x+
3
13
=
4
16
5
65
x =
4
16
5
65
=
4
16
5
65
=
4
16
1
4
1 9
+
4 16
x+
5
65
=
4
4
5
65
x=
4
4
5 65
x=
4
192
3
13
=
4
4
3
13
x=
4
4
3 13
x=
4
Homework 7.3
51. a.
3 = x 2 + 6 x + 13
0 = x 2 + 10 x + 25
( x + 5) 2 = 0
x 2 + 6 x = 10
x+5 = 0
x 2 + 6 x + 9 = 10 + 9
x = 5
( x + 3 ) = 1
2
59. Answers may vary.
Since the square of a number is nonnegative,

there are no real number solutions.
b.
Homework 7.3
1. a = 2, b = 5, c = 2
4 = x 2 + 6 x + 13
x2 + 6 x + 9 = 0
( x + 3)
x=
=0
x+3 = 0
x=
x = 3
c.
5 52 4 ( 2 )( 2 )
2 (2)
5 41
4
3. a = 3, b = 7, c = 2
5 = x 2 + 6 x + 13
x2 + 6 x + 8 = 0
x=
( x + 2 )( x + 4 ) = 0
x + 2 = 0 or x + 4 = 0
x = 2 or x = 4
x=
53. Solve for x when f(x) = 0:
7 7 2 4 (3)( 2 )
2 (3 )
7 73
6
5. a = 2, b = 5, c = 1
0 = x2 8x + 3
x 8 x = 3
x=
x 8 x + 16 = 3 + 16
( 5 )
( x 4) 2 = 13
x=
x 4 = 13
( 5 ) 4 ( 2 )(1)
2 (2)
2
5 17
4
7. a = 3, b = 2, c = 8
x = 4 13
x=
0 = x2 + 4 x + 5
x 2 + 4 x = 5
x=
x + 4 x + 4 = 5 + 4
2
( x + 2) 2 = 1
( 2 )
( 2 ) 4 (3)(8)
2 (3)
2
2 92
6
Since the square root of a negative number is not a

real number, there are no real solutions.
Since the square of a number is nonnegative there

are no real number solutions. Therefore, there are
no x-intercepts.
9. First write 2 x 2 + 5 x = 3 in the form

ax 2 + bx + c = 0 : 2 x 2 + 5 x 3 = 0
a = 2, b = 5, c = 3
193
Homework 7.3
x=
x=
x=
x=
x=
x=
15. First write 4 x 2 = 2 x + 3 in the form

ax 2 + bx + c = 0 : 4 x 2 2 x 3 = 0
5 52 4 ( 2 )( 3)
2 (2)
a = 4, b = 2, c = 3
5 49
4
5 7
4
5 + 7
5 7
or x =
4
4
2
12
or x =
4
4
1
or x = 3
2
x=
x=
(0 )
x=
204
6
x=
2 51
6
x=
51
3
x=
2 52
8
x=
2 2 13
8
x=
11. a = 3, b = 0, c = 17
x=
4 (3)( 17 )
2 (3 )
2 1 13
( 2 ) 4 ( 4 )( 3)
2 (4)
2
8
1 13
4
17. First write 3x ( x + 1) = 2 in the form

ax 2 + bx + c = 0 :
3 x ( x + 1) = 2
3 x 2 3 x = 2
3 x 2 3 x 2 = 0
a = 3, b = 3, c = 2
13. First write 2 x = 5 x in the form ax + bx + c = 0 :

2 x2 + 5x = 0
2
x=
a = 2, b = 5, c = 0
x=
5 5 4 ( 2 )(0 )
2
x=
( 2 )
2 (2)
( 3 )
( 3) 4 ( 3)( 2 )
2 ( 3 )
2
3 15
6

5 25
4
5 5
x=
4
5
+5
5 5
x=
or x =
4
4
0
10
x=
or x =
4
4
5
x = 0 or x =
2
x=
19. First write 3 ( x 2 2 ) = 5 x in the form

ax 2 + bx + c = 0 :
3 ( x2 2) = 5x
3x 2 6 = 5 x
3x 2 5 x 6 = 0
a = 3, b = 5, c = 6
194
Homework 7.3
x=
x=
( 5 )
25. a = 2, b = 5, c = 4
( 5 ) 4 (3)( 6 )
2 (3 )
2
x=
5 97
6
3 ( x + 4 ) = 2 x ( x 1)
3 x + 12 = 2 x 2 + 2 x
27. First write 2.8 x 2 7.1x = 4.4 in the form

ax 2 + bx + c = 0 : 2.8 x 2 7.1x 4.4 = 0
2 x + x + 12 = 0
2
a = 2, b = 1, c = 12
a = 2.8, b = 7.1, c = 4.4
1 12 4 ( 2 )(12 )
x=
2 (2 )
1 95
4
x=
5.4 x 2 52.92 x + 4.1 = 3.2 6.9 x

5.4 x 2 26.02 x + 0.9 = 0
2 (2 )
a = 5.4, b = 46.02, c = 0.9
x=
x=
7.1 99.69
5.6
form ax 2 + bx + c = 0 :
6 6 2 4 (1)( 3 )
29. First write 5.4 x( x + 9.8) + 4.1 = 3.2 6.9 x in the
a = 1, b = 6, c = 3
2 3 3
( 7.1) 4 ( 2.8 )( 4.4 )

2 ( 2.8 )
7.1 + 99.69
7.1 99.69
or x =
5.6
5.6
x 3.05 or x 0.52
23. First write 3 6x = x 2 in the form

ax 2 + bx + c = 0 : x 2 + 6 x 3 = 0
6 48
2
6 4 3
x=
2
( 7.1)
x=

x=
5 57
4
5 + 57
5 57
x=
or x =
4
4
x 3.14 or x 0.64
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 :
x=
( 5 ) 4 ( 2 )( 4 )
2 (2)
x=
21. First write 3 ( x + 4 ) = 2 x ( x 1) in the form
x=
( 5 )
x=
( 46.02 )
( 46.02 ) 4 ( 5.4 )(0.9 )

2 ( 5.4 )
2
46.02 2137.2804
10.8
46.02 + 2137.28
46.02 2137.28
x
or x
10.8
10.8
x 8.54 or x 0.020
x=
2
x = 3 3
31. x 2 = 25
x 2 25 = 0
( x + 5)( x 5) = 0
x + 5 = 0 or x 5 = 0
x = 5 or x = 5
195
Homework 7.3
33. x( x 8) = 16
43. 5 x 2 = 3 x + 8
5 x 2 3x 8 = 0
(5 x 8)( x + 1) = 0
x 2 8 x = 16
x 2 8 x + 16 = 0
5 x 8 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
( x 4)( x 4) = 0
x4 = 0
5 x = 8 or x = 1
x=4
x=
35. 4 x 2 = 80
45. 3 x 2 = 27 x
x 2 = 20
3 x 2 27 x = 0
x = 20
3 x( x 9) = 0
x = 2 5
x( x 9) = 0
x = 0 or x 9 = 0
37. (4 x + 3) + 2 = 22
2
( 4 x + 3)
8
or x = 1
5
x = 0 or x = 9
= 20
47. 2(2 x 2 + 1) = 3 x :
4 x + 3 = 20
4 x + 3 = 2 5
4 x 2 + 2 = 3x
4 x = 3 2 5
4 x2 3x + 2 = 0
x=
3 2 5
4
a = 4, b = 3, c = 2
39. 2 x(3 x 4) = x 5
6 x2 8x = x + 5
6x 9x 5 = 0
2
a = 6, b = 9, c = 5
(3) (3) 2 4(4)(2)

2(4)
x=
3 23
8

(9) (9) 2 4(6)(5)

x=
2(6)
x=
x=
49. x 2 + 12 x + 36 = 0
( x + 6)( x + 6) = 0
9 39
12
x+6= 0
x = 6

51. 24 x 2 18 x 60 = 0
41. 9 x 2 5 x = 0
6(4 x 2 3 x 10) = 0
x(9 x 5) = 0
4 x 2 3 x 10 = 0
x = 0 or 9 x 5 = 0
(4 x + 5)( x 2) = 0
x = 0 or 9 x = 5
4 x + 5 = 0 or x 2 = 0
5
x = 0 or x =
9
4 x = 5 or x = 2
x=
196
5
or x = 2
4
Homework 7.3
53. ( x 4)2 3 = 7
3
169
=
2
4
3
13
x =
2
2
3 13
x=
2 2
3 13
3 13
x= +
or x =
2 2
2 2
10
16
= 5
x = =8 or x =
2
2
x
( x 4) 2 = 10
x 4 = 10
x = 4 10
55. x( x + 1) = 7 x
x2 + x = 7 x
x2 + 2x = 7
x2 + 2x + 1 = 7 + 1
61. 5 x 2 = 35 x
( x + 1) 2 = 8
5 x 2 35 x = 0
x +1 = 8
5 x ( x 7) = 0
x + 1 = 2 2
5 x = 0 or x 7 = 0
x = 1 2 2
x = 0 or x = 7
57. 2 x(3 x 1) = 3( x 2)
63. 50 x = 5 x 2 + 105
6 x 2 2 x = 3x 6
5 x 2 50 x + 105 = 0
6x 5x + 6 = 0
5( x 2 25 x + 21) = 0
a = 6, b = 5, c = 6
x 2 25 x + 21 = 0
x=
(5) (5) 4(6)(6)

2(6)
x=
5 119
12
( x 3)( x 7) = 0
x 3 = 0 or x 7 = 0
x = 3 or x = 7
65. (3 x 1)2 = 7
3x 1 = 7

3x = 1 7
59. 2 x(3 x 1) = 3( x 2)
x=
2 x 6 x = 80
2
2( x 2 3 x) = 80
1 7
3
67. ( x 2)( x 5) = 1
x 3 x = 40
2
x 2 5 x 2 x + 10 = 1
9
9
x 3 x + = 40 +
4
4
2
x 2 7 x = 9
3 160 9
+
x =
2
4
4
x2 7 x +
49
49
= 9 +
4
4
7
36 49
x = +
2
4
4
3 169
x =
2
4
7 13
x =
2
4
197
Homework 7.3
75. 4( x 2) 2 + 3 = 1
7
13
=
2
4
4( x 2)( x 2) + 3 = 1
7
13
=
2
2
7
13
x=
2
2
7 13
x=
2
x
4( x 2 2 x 2 x + 4) + 3 = 1
4( x 2 4 x + 4) + 3 = 1
4 x 2 + 16 x 16 + 3 = 1
4 x 2 + 16 x 12 = 0
4( x 2 4 x + 3) = 0
x2 4 x + 3 = 0
69. ( x 1) 2 + ( x + 2) 2 = 0
( x 3)( x 1) = 0
x 2x + 1 + x + 4x + 4 = 0
x 3 = 0 or x 1 = 0
2x + 2x + 5 = 0
x = 3 or x = 1
5
=0
2
5
x2 + x =
2
1
5 1
x2 + x + = +
4
2 4
77. 4( x 2) 2 + 3 = 4( x 2)( x 2) + 3
x2 + x +
= 4( x 2 2 x 2 x + 4) + 3
= 4( x 2 4 x + 4) + 3
= 4 x 2 + 16 x 16 + 3
= 4 x 2 + 16 x 13
1
10 1
x+ = +
2
4 4
79. a.
1
9
x+ =
2
4
x+
Substitute 3 for f(x):

3 = x2 4 x + 8
x2 4 x + 5 = 0
1
9
=
2
4
a = 1, b = 4, c = 5
b 2 4ac = (4) 2 4(1)(5) = 16 20 = 4 < 0

So, there are no real number solutions, which

means there are no points on f at y = 3.
71. ( x + 2)( x 5) = x 2 5 x + 2 x 10 = x 2 3 x 10
b.
73. ( x + 2)( x 5) = 3
Substitute 4 for f(x):

4 = x2 4 x + 8
x 2 3 x 10 = 3
x2 4 x + 4 = 0
x 2 3 x 13 = 0
a = 1, b = 4, c = 4
b 2 4ac = (4) 2 4(1)(4) = 16 16 = 0
a = 1, b = 3, c = 13
x=
(3) (3) 2 4(1)(13)

2(1)
x=
3 61
2
So, there is one solution to the equation, which

means there is one point on f at y = 4.
198
Homework 7.3

c. Substitute 5 for f(x):
83. a.
5 = x2 4x + 8
x2 4 x + 3 = 0
a = 1, b = 4, c = 3
b 2 4ac = (4) 2 4(1)(3) = 16 12 = 4 > 0
So, there are two real number solutions, which
means there are two points on f at y = 5.
Yes, f does model the data well.
d.
b.
In 2007, t = 17. Solve for f(17)

f (17) = 30.32(17) 2 122.15(17) + 109.75
= 6795.68
6796 schools
c.
200 schools per state means 10,000 charter

schools. Solve for t when f(t) = 10,000.
10000 = 30.32t 2 122.15t + 109.75
0 = 30.32t 2 122.15t 9890.25
2 = x 6x + 7
2
122.15 (122.15) 2 4(30.32)( 9890.25)

2(30.32)
t 16.16 or t 20.19
t=
x2 6x + 5 = 0
( x 5)( x 1) = 0
x 5 = 0 or x 1 = 0
t 16 or t 20
x = 5 or x = 1
The solution t = -16 is model breakdown.

There will be 200 charter schools per state in
2010.
Therefore, two points at height 2 are (1, 2 ) and
(5, 2 ) . Since these points are symmetric and the

average of the x-coordinates at these points is
1+ 5
= 3 the x-coordinate of the vertex is 3.
2
Substitute 3 for x in f ( x) = x 2 6 x + 7 to find the
y-coordinate of the vertex:
85. a.
f (3) = 32 6(3) + 7 = 2 So the vertex is (3, 2 ) .
Yes, f does model the data well.

b.
f (13) = 23.43(13) 2 259.14(13) + 815.77

1406.65
1407
This means that in 2003, there will be1407
convictions of police officers.
199
Homework 7.3
c.

real number, there are no real number solutions,
and therefore, no x-intercepts.
2000 = 23.43t 2 259.14t + 815.77

0 = 23.43t 2 259.14t + 815.77
0 = 23.43t 2 259.14t 1184.23
t=
259.14
93. a.
(259.14) 4(23.43)( 1184.23)

2
mx + b = 0
mx + b b = 0 b
2(23.43)
mx = b
t 3.48 or t 14.54
mx
b
=
m
m
b
x=
m
t 3 or t 15
There were 2000 convictions of police officers
in 1987 and 2005.
87. No, the student did not solve the equation correctly
because they did not change the form into
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 first. Here is the correct way:
b.
7 x + 21 = 0
So, m = 7 and b = -21. Using the formula from
part a:
2 x2 + 5x = 1
x=
2 x2 + 5x 1 = 0
So, a = 2, b = 5, c = 1
21
= 3
7
x=
5 (5) 2 4(2)(1)
2(2)
Solving for x in the usual way:
x=
5 33
4
7 x + 21 21 = 0 21
7 x + 21 = 0
7 x = 21
7x
21
=
7
7
x = 3

0 = x2 4 x 6
x=
(4) (4) 2 4(1)(6)

2(1)
95. a = k, b = -12, c = 4
b 2 4ac = 0
4 40
x=
2
4 2 10
x=
2
x = 2 10
(12) 2 4(k )(4) = 0

144 16 k = 0
16k = 144
k =9
x 5.16 or x 1.16
97. a = 2, b = k, c = 8
The x-intercepts are (5.16, 0) and (-1.16, 0)
b 2 4ac = 0
k 2 4(2)(8) = 0
91. Solve for x when h(x) = 0:
k 2 64 = 0
0 = 3x 2 x + 5
2
k 2 = 64
(2) (2) 2 4(3)(5)

x=
2(3)
x=
k = 8
2 56
6
200
Homework 7.4

99. a = 9, b = -6, c = k

First, put the equation in the form ax 2 + bx + c = 0 .
Once you know the value of a, b, and c, substitute
these values into the quadratic formula.
b 2 4ac = 0
(6) 2 4(9)(k ) = 0
36 36 k = 0
36k = 36
x=
k =1
101. Factoring:
Homework 7.4
x 2 x 20 = 0
1. Substitute the given points into y = ax 2 + bx + c .
( x 5)( x + 4) = 0
(1, 6 ) : 6 = a (1) + b (1) + c

2
(2,11) :11 = a (2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
(3,8) : 8 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2
x 5 = 0 or x + 4 = 0
x = 5 or x = 4
Completing the square:
Simplify these equations:

a+b+c = 6
(1)
x 2 x = 20
x2 x +
4a + 2b + c = 11
1
1
= 20 +
4
4
(2 )
(3 )
9a + 3b + c = 18
Eliminate c by multiplying both sides of equation
(1) by -1:
a b c = 6
(4)
1
81
x =
2
4
1
81
=
2
4
1
9
x =
2
2
1 9
1 9
x = + or x =
2 2
2 2
10
8
x=
or x =
2
2
x = 5 or x = 4
x
Adding the left sides and right sides of equations

(2) and (4) gives:
3a + b = 5
(5)
(3) and (4) gives:
8a + 2b = 12
(6 )
Simplify:
4a + b = 6
(7 )
Eliminate b by multiplying equation (5) by -1 and
add each side to the corresponding side of equation
(7):
a =1
Next, substitute 1 for a in equation (5):
3 (1) + b = 5
Quadratic formula:
x 2 x 20 = 0
x=
b b 2 4ac
2a
(1) (1) 2 4(1)(20)

2(1)
b=2
Then, substitute 1 for a and 2 for b in equation (1):
a+b+c = 6
1 81
x=
2
1 9
x=
2
1+ 9
1 9
x=
or x =
2
2
x = 5 or x = 4
1+ 2 + c = 6
c=3
Therefore, a = 1, b = 2, and c = 3. So, the equation
is y = x 2 + 2 x + 3 .
201
Homework 7.4
9a + 3b + c = 19
(1) by -1:
a b c = 5
( 4)
(2) and (4) gives:
3a + b = 6
(5 )
a b c = 9
(4)
(2) and (4) gives:
3a + b = 2
(5 )
(3) and (4) gives:
15a + 3b = 24
(6 )
Simplify:
5a + b = 8
(7 )
(7):
2a = 6
a = 3
Next, substitute -3 for a in equation (5):
3 ( 3 ) + b = 2

(3) and (4) gives:
8a + 2b = 14
(6 )
b=7
Then, substitute -3 for a and 7 for b in equation (1):
a+b+c = 9
Simplify:
4a + b = 7
3 + 7 + c = 9
(1,5 ) : 5 = a (1) + b (1) + c

2
(2,11) :11 = a (2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
(3,19 ) :19 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2

a+b+c = 5
(1)
4a + 2b + c = 11
(2 )
(3)
(7 )
c=5
Therefore, a = -3, b = 7, and c = 5. So, the equation
is y = 3 x 2 + 7 x + 5 .

(7):
a =1
3 (1) + b = 6
(2, 2 ) : 2 = a ( 2 ) + b ( 2 ) + c
2
(3,11) :11 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2
(4, 24 ) : 24 = a (4 ) + b (4 ) + c
2
b=3
a+b+c = 5

a+b+c = 2
(1)
1+ 3 + c = 5
c =1
is y = x 2 + 3 x + 1 .
16a + 4b + c = 24
(1) by -1:
4a 2b c = 2
(4)
(1,9 ) : 9 = a (1) + b (1) + c

2
(2, 7 ) : 7 = a (2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
(4, 15 ) : 15 = a (4 ) + b (4 ) + c
2

(2) and (4) gives:
5a + b = 9
(5 )
(3) and (4) gives:
12a + 2b = 22
(6 )

a+b+c = 9
(1)
4a + 2b + c = 7
(2)
(3 )
9a + 3b + c = 11
(2 )
(3 )
Simplify:
6a + b = 11
16a + 4b + c = 15
(1) by -1:
202
(7 )
Homework 7.4

(7):
a=2
5 (2) + b = 9
a + b + c = 3
1 + 2 + c = 3
c = 6
Therefore, a = 1, b = 2, and c = -6. So, the equation
is y = x 2 + 2 x 6 .
b = 1
Then, substitute 2 for a and -1 for b in equation (1):
4a + 2b + c = 2
(3, 7 ) : 7 = a (3) + b (3) + c

2
(4, 0 ) : 0 = a (4 ) + b (4 ) + c
2
(5, 11) : 11 = a (5 ) + b (5) + c
2
4(2) + 2(1) + c = 2
82+c = 2
c = 4
Therefore, a = 2, b = -1, and c = -4. So, the
equation is y = 2 x 2 x 4 .

9a + 3b + c = 7
(1)
25a + 5b + c = 11
(1) by -1:
9a 3b c = 7
(4)
(1, 3) : 3 = a (1) + b (1) + c

2
(3,9 ) : 9 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2
(5, 29 ) : 29 = a (5 ) + b (5) + c
2

(2) and (4) gives:
7a + b = 7
(5 )
(3) and (4) gives:
16a + 2b = 18
(6 )

a + b + c = 3
(1)
9a + 3b + c = 9
(2)
(3 )
16a + 4b + c = 0
(2)
(3)
25a + 5b + c = 29
(1) by -1:
a b c = 3
(4)
(2) and (4) gives:
8a + 2b = 12
(5 )
Simplify:
8a + b = 9
(7 )

(7):
a = 2
7 ( 2 ) + b = 7
Simplify:
4a + b = 6
(6 )
(3) and (4) gives:
24a + 4b = 32
(7 )
b=7
9a + 3b + c = 7
Simplify:
6a + b = 8
9(2) + 3(7) + c = 7
(8 )
(8):
2a = 2
a =1
4(1) + b = 6
b=2
18 + 21 + c = 7
c=4
is y = 2 x 2 + 7 x + 4 .
203
Homework 7.4
4a 2b c = 5
(4)
(2) and (4) gives:
12a + 2b = 8
(5 )
Simplify:
6a + b = 4
(6 )
(3) and (4) gives:
21a + 3b = 18
(7 )
Simplify:
7a + b = 6
(8 )
(8):
a=2
6 (2 ) + b = 4
(3, 2 ) : 2 = a (3) + b (3) + c

2
(4,16 ) :16 = a (4 ) + b (4 ) + c
2
(5,36 ) : 36 = a (5) + b (5 ) + c
2

9a + 3b + c = 2
(1)
(2)
(3 )
16a + 4b + c = 16
25a + 5b + c = 36
(1) by -1:
9a 3b c = 2
(4)
(2) and (4) gives:
7a + b = 14
(5 )
(3) and (4) gives:
16a + 2b = 34
(6 )
Simplify:
8a + b = 17
b = 8
4a + 2b + c = 5
(7 )
4(2) + 2(8) + c = 5

(7):
a=3
7 (3) + b = 14
8 16 = 5
c=3
Therefore, a = 2, b = -8, and c = 3. So, the equation
is y = 2 x 2 8 x + 3 .
b = 7
a+b+c = 2
(1, 1) : 1 = a (1) + b (1) + c

2
(2, 1) : 1 = a (2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
(3,3) : 3 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2
3 7 + c = 2
c = 4
Therefore, a = 3, b = -7, and c = -4. So, the
equation is y = 3 x 2 7 x 4 .

a + b + c = 1
(1)
4a + 2b + c = 1
15. Substitute the given points into y = ax + bx + c .

2
9a + 3b + c = 3
(1) by -1:
a b c = 1
(4)
(2, 5 ) : 5 = a (2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
(4,3) : 3 = a (4 ) + b (4 ) + c
2
(5,13) :13 = a (5) + b (5) + c
2

(2) and (4) gives:
3a + b = 0
(5 )

4a + 2b + c = 5
(1)
16a + 4b + c = 3
(2 )
(3)

(3) and (4) gives:
8a + 2b = 4
(6 )
Simplify:
(2 )
(3)
25a + 5b + c = 13
(1) by -1:
204
Homework 7.4
4a + b = 2
(7 )
(7):
a=2
3 (2 ) + b = 0
(0, 1) : 1 = a (0 ) + b (0 ) + c
2
(1,3) : 3 = a (1) + b (1) + c
2
(2,13) :13 = a (2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2

c = 1
(1)
b = 6
a + b + c = 1
2 6 + c = 1
4a + 2b + c = 13
Since c = -1, substitute -1 for c in equations (2) and
(3):
a + b + (1) = 3
c=3
is y = 2 x 2 6 x + 3 .
4a + 2b + (1) = 13
Simplifying these equations gives:
a+b = 4
(4 )
(0, 4 ) : 4 = a (0 ) + b (0 ) + c
2
(2,8 ) : 8 = a ( 2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
(3,1) :1 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2
4a + 2b = 14
a=3
3+b = 4
(2 )
(3)
9a + 3b + c = 1
Since c = 4, substitute 4 for c in equations (2) and
(3):
4a + 2b + 4 = 8
b =1
Therefore, a = 3, b = 1, and c = -1. So, the
equation is y = 3 x 2 + x 1 .
9a + 3b + 4 = 1
4a + 2b = 4
(4 )
9a + 3b = 3
(5 )
To eliminate b, multiply both sides of equation (4)

by -2 and add each side to the corresponding side
in equation (5):
2a = 6

c=4
(1)
4a + 2b + c = 8
(2 )
(3 )
a+b+c = 3
(0,17 ) :17 = a (0 ) + b (0 ) + c
2
(2,11) :11 = a (2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
(3, 2 ) : 2 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2
(5 )

by -3 and both sides of equation (5) by 2:
12a 6b = 12
(6 )

c = 17
(1)
18a + 6b = 6
4a + 2b + c = 11
(7 )
Adding the left and the right sides of equations (6)

and (7) gives:
6a = 18
(2 )
(3)
9a + 3b + c = 2
Since c = 17, substitute 17 for c in equations (2)
and (3):
4a + 2b + 17 = 11
a = 3
4(3) + 2b = 4
9a + 3b + 17 = 2
4a + 2b = 6
(4 )
2b = 16
b=8
is y = 3 x 2 + 8 x + 4 .
9a + 3b = 15
(5 )

by -3 and both sides of equation (5) by 2:
205
Homework 7.4
(6 )
(7 )
12a 6b = 18
18a + 6b = 30

is y = x 2 .
Adding the left and the right sides of equations (6)

and (7) gives:
6a = 12
27. Substitute the given points into

f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c .
(1,1) :1 = a (1) + b (1) + c

2
(2, 2 ) : 2 = a (2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
(3,3) : 3 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2
a = 2
4(2) + 2b = 6
2b = 2

a +b+c =1
(1)
b =1
Therefore, a = -2, b = 1, and c = 17. So, the
equation is y = 2 x 2 + x + 17 .
4a + 2b + c = 2
9a + 3b + c = 3
(1) by -1:
a b c = 1
(4)
(1,1) :1 = a (1) + b (1) + c

2
(2, 4 ) : 4 = a (2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
(3,9 ) : 9 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2

(2) and (4) gives:
3a + b = 1
(5 )

a +b +c =1
(1)

(3) and (4) gives:
8a + 2b = 2
(6 )
Simplify:
4a + b = 1
(7 )
(2 )
(3)
4a + 2b + c = 4
9a + 3b + c = 9
(1) by -1:
a b c = 1
(4)

(7):
a=0
3 (0 ) + b = 1

(2) and (4) gives:
3a + b = 3
(5 )
(3) and (4) gives:
8a + 2b = 8
(6 )
Simplify:
4a + b = 4
(2 )
(3)
b =1
a +b +c =1
0 +1+ c = 1
(7 )

(7):
a =1
3 (1) + b = 3
c=0
is f ( x ) = x , which is a linear function.
30. Solve for a in y = a ( x h) 2 + k by substituting 5
for h and -7 for k since (5, -7) is the vertex, and
substitute 8 for x and 11 for y since (8, 11) lies on
the parabola:
b=0
a +b +c =1
1+ 0 + c = 1
c=0
206
Homework 7.4
35. Three possible points are (2, 8), (3, 4), and (6, 4).
Substitute the given points into y = ax 2 + bx + c .
y = a ( x h) 2 + k
11 = a (8 5) 2 + (7)
(2,8 ) : 8 = a ( 2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
(3, 4 ) : 4 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2
(6, 4 ) : 4 = a (6 ) + b (6 ) + c
2
11 = 9a 7
18 = 9a
a=2
Since a = 2, y = 2( x 5) 2 7 or, expanding the
solution:
y = 2( x 5)( x 5) 7
= 2( x 2 10 x + 25) 7
= 2 x 2 20 x + 50 7

4a + 2b + c = 8
(1)
9a + 3b + c = 4
36a + 6b + c = 4
(1) by -1:
4a 2b c = 8
(4)
(2) and (4) gives:
5a + b = 4
(5 )
= 2 x 2 20 x + 43
(0, 4 ) : 4 = a (0 ) + b (0 ) + c
2
(1, 0 ) : 0 = a (1) + b (1) + c
2
(2, 0 ) : 0 = a (2 ) + b ( 2 ) + c
2

(3) and (4) gives:
32a + 4b = 4
(6 )

c=4
(1)
Simplify:
8a + b = 1
(7 )
(7):
3a = 3
(2)
(3 )
a+b+c = 0
4a + 2b + c = 0
(3):
a+b+4 = 0
a =1
5 (1) + b = 4
4a + 2b + 4 = 0
a + b = 4
(4 )
4a + 2b = 4
(2 )
(3 )
b = 9
4a + 2b + c = 8
(5 )

(5):
2a = 4
4(1) + 2(9) + c = 8
4 18 + c = 8
a=2
2 + b = 4
c = 22
Therefore, a = 1, b = -9, and c = 22. So, the
equation is y = x 2 9 x + 22 .
b = 6
is y = 2 x 2 6 x + 4 .
37. Solve for a in y = a ( x h) 2 + k by substituting 5

for h and 8 for k since (5, 8) is the vertex, and
substitute 4 for x and 6 for y since (4, 6) lies on the
parabola:
y = a ( x h) 2 + k
33. Linear: y = 2x+2 since the slope is 2 and the yintercept is (0l, 2);
Quadratic: answers may vary. Example:
y = 2 x2 + 2 ;
6 = a (4 5)2 + 8
6 = a+8
Exponential: y = 2(2) x .
a = 2
207
Homework 7.5

The quadratic regression equation, which is
f (t ) = 0.66t 2 + 21.49t 95.85 , fits the data well.
This equation can be verified by graphing it with
the scattergram:
Since a = -2, y = 2( x 5) 2 + 8 or expanding the

solution:
y = 2( x 5)( x 5) 42
= 2( x 2 10 x + 25) 42
= 2 x 2 + 20 x 50 42
= 2 x 2 + 20 x 42
(0, 2) , (1,1) , and
6, 4 .
The equation of the parabola through these points

is y = x 2 2 x + 2 .
7. a.
First draw a scattergram of the data.
Homework 7.5
1. a.
A quadratic function would be reasonable.
b.
A linear function would be reasonable.
c.
An exponential function would be reasonable.
d.
None of the mentioned types of functions

would be reasonable for this scattergram.
The linear regression equation is :

f (t ) = 5.09t + 11.75
The exponential regression equation is :
f (t ) = 16.63(1.14)t
The quadratic regression equation is :
f (t ) = 0.277t 2 + 1.976t + 16.493
3.
b.
The exponential model gives the best estimate.
The data does not suggest a quadratic relationship

based on the scattergram above. A quadratic
function is not a reasonable function.
5. First, draw a scattergram of the data.
9. First draw a scattergram of the data:
208
Homework 7.5

The quadratic regression equation, which is
f (t ) = 0.013t 2 1.188t + 28.239 , fits the data well.
the scattergram:
The quadratic function is the best model since

the value of f(d) will eventually return to 0 as
the horizontal distance increases.
15. a.
First draw a scattergram for C. The quadratic

regression equation,
C (t ) = 0.90t 2 19.94t + 121.38 , is the best
model for this data (as can be seen from the
scattergram below.
11. First draw a scattergram of the data:
Next, draw a scattergram of the data for H.

The quadratic regression equation,
H (t ) = 2.48t 1.30 , is the best model for this
data (as can be seen from the scattergram
below.
The quadratic regression equation is, which is
f (t ) = 0.0067t 2 0.12t + 6.39 , fits the data well.
the scattergram:.
b.
13. a., b. The quadratic function
f (d ) = 0.000333d 2 + 0.152d + 4 , is the best
model for the three points (0, 4), (60.5, 12) and
(127.3, 18).
209
Graph the two regression equations on the

same coordinate axes on your calculator. Use
your calculator to find the points of
intersection.
Homework 7.6

b.
The intersection points for C and H are

(8.1,18.8) and (16.8, 40.5) . These points
mean that the sales of Corona and Heineken
beers were equal in 1988 and in 1997, when
the sales were at 18.8 million cases, and 40.5
million cases, respectively for each company.
The parabola has a minimum point at the

vertex, since a is positive. Using a graphing
calculator, find that this minimum point is
approximately (45.77, 1.01).
Homework 7.6
1. a.
Solve for t when f (t ) = 0 :

0 = 0.66t 2 + 21.49t 95.85
21.49 (21.49) 2 4(0.66)(95.85)
2(0.66)
t 5.33 or t 27.23
t=
So, according to this model, a 46-year-old

driver has 1 fatal crash per 100 million miles.
5. a.
The t-intercepts are (5.33, 0 ) and ( 27.23, 0 ) .

So, according to this model, no firms
performed drug tests on employees in 1985 or
2027.
b.
Any value of t that cause the percentage of

firms performing drug tests to be negative.
This would occur in years before 1985
(t < 5.33) and years after 2027 (t < 27.23) .
c.
Find the vertex of f:

The t-coordinate of the vertex is
5.33 + 27.23
= 16.28 . Now, find f(16.28):
2
So the maximum height is approximately 21.3

feet.
b.
f (16.28)
Find f(400):
f (400)
= 0.66(16.28)2 + 21.49(16.28) 95.85

= 79.08
= 0.000333(400)2 + 0.152(400) + 20.18

= 11.52
So, the percentage of firms performing drug

tests will reach a maximum of 79% in the year
1996.
3. a.
Using a graphing calculator, find that the

maximum point of the parabola is
approximately (228, 21.3).
According to the model, the height of the ball

is approximately 11.5 feet when the ball goes a
horizontal distance of 400 feet. Therefore, the
player did hit a home run.
Answers may vary. Example:

7. a.
For a person who is 21 years old, find f(21):

f (21)
f (30) = 0.108(30) 2 + 4.29(30) + 21.83

= 53.33
= 0.013(21) 1.19(21) + 28.24

= 8.98
2
According to this model, in 2010, 53.33% of

households will have cable. Model breakdown
has likely occurred.
According to the model, a 21-year-old driver

has approximately 9 fatal crashes per 100
million miles.
b.
210
Solve for t when f (t ) = 30
Homework 7.6
30 = 0.108t 2 + 4.29t + 21.83
0.0067t 2 0.12t + 6.39 = 300
0 = 0.108t 2 + 4.29t 8.17
0.0067t 2 0.12 293.61 = 0
4.29 (4.29)2 4(0.108)(8.17)

2(0.108)
t 2.01 or t 37.72
c.
0.12 (0.12)2 4(0.0067)(293.61)

2(0.0067)
t 200.6 or t 218.5
t=
t=
According to this model, 30% of households

had cable in 1982 and will have cable in 2018.
Model breakdown has likely occurred for the
2018 prediction.
So, according to the model, the population of

the U.S. was 300 million in 1589 (model
breakdown) and will be 300 million in 2009.
c.

d.
So, according to the model, the maximum

percentage of households with cable television
will be 64.4% and this will occur in 2000.
d.
The vertex of the parabola is approximately

(8.96,5.85) . It can be found by graphing the
model with a graphing calculator.
Since the percent will never go below 0, model

breakdown occurs for years before 1976. Since
the percent decreases for all values of t greater
than 19.9, model breakdown also occurs for
years after 2000.
9. Solve for t when C(t) = H(t)

0.90t 2 19.94t + 121.38 = 2.48t 1.30
The portion of the parabola to the left of the

vertex suggests that the population decreased
before 1796, which is false. Model breakdown
occurs for years prior to 1796.
0.90t 2 22.42t + 122.68 = 0

22.42 (22.42) 2 4(0.90)(122.68)
2(0.90)
t 8.1 or t 16.8
t=
e.
P
So, sales of Corona and Heineken were about the

same in 1988 and 1997.
11. a.
f (217) = 0.0067(217)2 0.12(217) + 6.39

295.85
b.
Let f (t ) = 300
211
Homework 7.6
14. a.
E (209) = 3.9(1.030) 212 2053.8
0 = 1.30t 2 + 28.99t 61.29
According to the model E, the U.S. population

was 2.1 billion people in 2002. This is a much
higher [prediction than the actual value of
286.7 million.
t=
28.99 (28.99) 2 4(1.30)(61.29)
2(1.30)
t 2.36 or t 19.94
So, according to the model, there were no
schools with Internet access in 1992 and there
will be no schools with Internet access in
2010 (model breakdown for the 2010
prediction).
b.
c.
f(t) is quadratic, so find the vertex. The vertex

is approximately (11.5, 100.33). It can be
found by graphing the model with a graphing
calculator.
Yes, there is a great difference in these

predictions. The model E gives more accurate
predictions for years between 1790 and 1860
only.
15. a.
First, draw a scattergram of the data.

This means that the model predicts that the
percentage of schools with Internet access will
reach a maximum of 100% in 2001.
d.
p = f (t ) = 1.30t 2 + 28.99t 61.29 , is the

best model for this data (as can be seen from
the scattergram below.
From part b, we know that the model predicts

there will be no Internet access at 1992 ( t =
2.36) or 2010 (t = 19.94) (the latter is likely
model breakdown). Model breakdown occurs
for certain before 1992 (t < 2.36) and after
2010 (t > 19.94) as the percent of schools with
Internet access can not be negative.
e.
Better model
b.
Solve for t when f (t ) = 0 :
212
Chapter 7 Review Exercises

17. a.
So, the quadratic model predicts that there will

be enough wind energy to meet the needs of
the world in 2049.
Linear: f (t ) = 1.86t 1.61

Exponential: f (t ) = 1.63(1.26)
Quadratic: f (t ) = 0.25t 2 0.92t + 2.62
e.

An exponential model gets larger faster than a
quadratic model, so the exponential function
will take less time to obtain enough power to
supply the world.
19. Answers may vary.
The quadratic and exponential models fit the

data well.
b.
c.
The exponential model, as it gives values

lower than 1.9 (the 1990 capacity) for years
before 1990, whereas the quadratic model
gives values higher than 1.9 for years before
1990.
Since 1 MW meets the needs of 1000 people.
1 thousand MW meets the needs of
(1000)(1000) = 1 million people. There are 6.2
billion people in the world (or, 6200 million
people). So, 6200 thousand MW are needed.
Let f(t) = 6200 and solve for t:
6200 = 1.63(1.26)t
72 = 36 2 = 36 2 = 6 2
2.
3
3
3 5
15
=
=
=
5
5
5
5 5
3.
50
=
49
4.
49
49
7
=
=
100
100 10
50
49
25 2 5 2
=
7
7
5. 6 x 2 3 x 2 = 0
6200
= 1.26t
1.63
6200
log(1.26t ) = log
1.63
6200
t log(1.26) = log
1.63
x=
(3) (3) 2 4(6)(2)

2(6)
x=
3 57
12
6. 5 x 2 = 7
7
x2 =
5
6200
log
1.63
t=
log(1.26)
t 35.7
So, according to the exponential model, there
will be enough wind energy to meet the needs
of the world in 2026.
d.
1.
=
=
Let f(t) = 6200 and solve for t:
6200 = 0.25t 2 0.92t + 2.62
0 = 0.25t 2 0.92t 6197.38

0.92 (0.92) 2 4(0.25)(6197.38)
2(0.25)
t 155.6 (model breakdown) or t 159.3
t=
213
7
5
7
5
7
5
35
5
5
5

12. x 2 2 x 24 = 0
( x 6)( x + 4) = 0
7. 5( x 3) 2 + 4 = 7
5( x 3)2 = 3
( x 3) 2 =
3
5
x3 =
3
5
3
x3 =
x=
x = 6 or x = 4
13. 4 x 2 25 = 0
(2 x 5)(2 x + 5) = 0
2 x 5 = 0 or 2x + 5 = 0
2 x = 5 or 2x = 5
15
5
x3 =
x = 3
x 6 = 0 or x + 4 = 0
x=
15
5
14. 3 x 2 7 x + 2 = 0
(3 x 1)( x 2) = 0
15 15
5
3 x 1 = 0 or x 2 = 0
3 x = 1 or x = 2
8. x 2 = 98
x=
x = 98
= 49 2
1
or x = 2
3
15. 25 x 2 9 = 0
(5 x 3)(5 x + 3) = 0
= 7 2
5 x 3 = 0 or 5 x + 3 = 0
9. ( x + 1)( x 7) = 4
5 x = 3 or 5x = 3
x2 7 x + x 7 = 4
x=
x 2 6 x 11 = 0
x=
5
5
or x =
2
2
(6) (6) 2 4(1)(11)

2(1)
3
3
or x =
5
5
16. 3 x 2 1 = x 2 5 x + 1
2 x2 + 5x 2 = 0
6 80
2
64 5
=
2
= 3 2 5
=
x=
5 52 4(2)(2)
2(2)
x=
5 41
4
17. 2 x 2 = 4 5 x
2 x2 + 5x 4 = 0
10. 2( x + 4)2 = 9
9
2
9
x+4=
2
Since the square of a negative number is not a real
number, there are no real solutions.
11. 3 x 2 = 6 x
3x 2 6 x = 0
( x + 4) 2 =
3 x( x 2) = 0
3 x = 0 or x 2 = 0
x = 0 or x = 2
214
x=
5 52 4(2)(4)
2(5)
x=
5 57
10

18. 4 x x 2 = 1
x 2 4 x = 1
22. 2( x 2 x) = 3( x 2 2 x) + 5
2 x 2 2 x = 3x 2 6 + 5
x 4 x + 4 = 1 + 4
2
x2 4 x + 5 = 0
( x 2) = 3
2
x2 = 3
x = 2 3
19. 3 x 2 + x = 5 x 2 + x + 5
2 x2 5 = 0
5
2
x=
x=
x=
x=
(4) (4) 2 4(1)(5)

2(1)
x=
4 4
2

2 x2 = 5
x2 =
x=
23. ( x + 2) 2 + ( x 3) 2 = 2
x2 + 4x + 4 + x2 6x + 9 = 2
5
2
2 x 2 2 x + 13 = 2
2 x 2 2 x + 11 = 0
5
2
5
2
x=
(2) (2) 2 4(2)(11)

2(2)
x=
2 84
4
2
2
10
2

20. 2 x(2 x 5) + 13 = 3 x 2 + 5
24. 5(5 x 2 8) = 0
4 x 2 10 x + 13 = 3 x 2 + 5
x 2 10 x + 8 = 0
25 x 2 40 = 9
(10) (10) 2 4(1)(8)

x=
2(1)
25 x 2 = 49
x2 =
10 68
2
10 2 17
x=
2
x = 5 17
x=
49
25
49
25
x=
x=
7
5
25. 2.7 x 2 5.1x = 9.4

2.7 x 2 5.1x 9.4 = 0
21. 3 x( x 7) + 13 = 2 x 2 7
3 x 2 21x + 13 = 2 x 2 7
(5.1) (5.1) 2 4(2.7)(9.4)

2(2.7)
x 1.15 or x 3.04
x=
x 2 21x + 20 = 0
( x 20)( x 1) = 0
x 20 = 0 or x 1 = 0
x = 20 or x = 1
215

30. x( x 3) + 2 = 2 x( x + 1) + 1
26. 1.7( x 2 2.3) = 3.4 2.8 x
x 2 3x + 2 = 2 x 2 + 2 x + 1
1.7 x 2 3.91 = 3.4 2.8 x
1 = x2 + 5x
1.7 x 2 + 2.8 x 7.31 = 0

2.8 2.82 4(1.7)(7.31)
2(1.7)
x 3.05 or x 1.41
x2 + 5x +
x=
25
25
= 1+
4
4
2
5
29
x+ =
2
4
27. x 2 + 6 x 4 = 0
x2 + 6 x = 4
x+
x2 + 6 x + 9 = 4 + 9
x+
( x + 3) = 13
2
x + 3 = 13
x = 3 13
28. 8 x 2 + 12 x + 8 = 0
3
x2 + x + 1 = 0
2
3
9
9
x 2 + x + = 1 +
2
16
16
3 x 2 10 = 0
3 x 2 = 10
3
7
x+ =
4
16
x2 =
3
7
=
4
16
x=
x=
29. 2 x 2 = 3 x + 6
2 x 2 + 3x = 6
10
3
3
3
30
3
32. Solve for x when g ( x ) = 0 :

2( x + 3) 2 + 5 = 0
3
57
x+ =
4
16
2( x + 3) 2 = 5
5
2
5
x+3 =
2
3
57
=
4
16
3
=
4
3
x=
4
3
x=
4
10
3
30
30
, 0 and
, 0 .
3
3
3
x=3
2
3
9
9
x2 + x + = 3 +
2
16
16
x2 +
x+
10
3
x=

x+
5
29
=
2
2
5
29
x=
2
2
5 29
x=
2
31. Solve for x when f ( x) = 0 :
x+
5
29
=
2
4
( x + 3)2 =
57
4
57
4
57
216
x+3 =
5
2
2 x2 3x 4 = 0
2
2
10
2
10
x = 3
2
6 10
x=
2
x=
(3) (3) 2 4(2)(4)

2(2)
x=
3 41
4
x+3 =
3 + 41
, 0 and
4
3 41
,0 .
4
6 + 10
, 0 and
2
6 10
, 0 .
36. Solve for x when g ( x ) = 0 :

3 x 2 + 5 x + 7 = 0
33. Solve for x when h( x) = 0 :
x=
5 52 4(3)(7)
2(3)
x=
5 109
6
x=
1(5 109)
6
x=
5 109
6
3x 2 + 2 x 2 = 0
2 2 2 4(3)(2)
x=
2(3)
2 28
x=
6
2 2 7
x=
6
x=
5 + 109
, 0 and
6
5 109
, 0 .
1 7
3
1 7
, 0 and
3
1 + 7
, 0 .
37. Factoring:
x2 2 x 8 = 0
( x 4)( x + 2) = 0
34. Solve for x when k ( x ) = 0 :
x 4 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
5 x 2 + 3 x 1 = 0
x=
3 3 4(5)(1)
2(5)
x=
3 11
10
x = 4 or x = 2
Completing the square:

x2 2 x 8 = 0
x2 2 x = 8
x2 2x +1 = 8 +1
( x 1) 2 = 9

real number, there are no real number solutions.
Therefore, there are no x-intercepts.
x 1 = 9
x 1 = 3
x 1 = 3 or x 1 = 3
x = 4 or x = 2
217
Quadratic Formula:
x2 2 x 8 = 0
x=
c.
(2) (2) 2 4(1)(8)

2(1)
2 36
2
26
x=
2
2+6 8
2 6 4
=
x=
= or x =
2
2
2
2
x = 4 or x = 2
x=
d.
38. Find k when the discriminant equals 0:

b 2 4ac = 0
k 4(3)(12) = 0
k 2 144 = 0
k 2 = 144
x = 144
(6) (6) 2 4(3)(2)

2(3)
x=
6 12
6
x=
62 3
6
x=
3 3
3
Answers may vary.
6 = a (3 (4)) 2 + 3
x = 12
6 = a (3 + 4)2 + 3
6 = a (1) + 3
3x 2 6 x + 7 = 3
3x 2 6 x + 4 = 0
x=
(6) (6) 2 4(3)(4)

2(3)
x=
6 12
6
3=a
So, the equation is y = 3( x + 4) 2 + 3
(1,3) : 3 = a (1) + b (1) + c

2
(2, 6 ) : 6 = a (2 ) + b ( 2 ) + c
2
(3,13) :13 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2
Since the square root of a negative is not a real

number, there are no real number solutions.
There is no such value for x.
b.
x=
40. Using the equation y = a ( x h) 2 + k , substitute -4

for h and 3 for k since the vertex is (-4, 3). Also,
substitute -3 for x and 6 for y since (-3, 6) lies on
the parabola.
y = a ( x h) 2 + k
39. a.
3x 2 6 x + 7 = 5
3x 2 6 x + 2 = 0

a+b+c = 3
(1)
3x 2 6 x + 7 = 4
3x 2 6 x + 3 = 0
(2 )
(3)
4a + 2b + c = 6
(6) (6) 2 4(3)(3)

x=
2(3)
9a + 3b + c = 13
(1) by -1:
a b c = 3
(4)
(2) and (4) gives:
3a + b = 3
(5 )
6 0
6
6
x = =1
6
x=

(3) and (4) gives:
8a + 2b = 10
(6 )
Simplify:
4a + b = 5
218
(7 )

(7):
a=2
3 (2 ) + b = 3
a+b+c = 4
2 + 5 + c = 4
c =1
is y = 2 x 2 + 5 x + 1 .
b = 3
a+b+c = 3
(2,9 ) : 9 = a ( 2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
(3,18) :18 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2
(5, 48) : 48 = a (5) + b (5) + c
2
2 + (3) + c = 3
c=4
is y = 2 x 2 3 x + 4 .

4a + 2b + c = 9
(1)
(1, 4 ) : 4 = a (1) + b (1) + c

2
(3, 2 ) : 2 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2
(4, 11) : 11 = a ( 4 ) + b (4 ) + c
25a + 5b + c = 48
(1) by -1:
4a 2b c = 9
(4)

a+b+c = 4
(1)

(2) and (4) gives:
5a + b = 9
(5 )
(3) and (4) gives:
21a + 3b = 39
(6 )
(2)
(3)
9a + 3b + c = 2
16a + 4b + c = 11
(1) by -1:
a b c = 4
(4)
(2) and (4) gives:
8a + 2b = 6
(5 )
Simplify:
4a + b = 3
(2 )
(3 )
9a + 3b + c = 18
Simplify:
7a + b = 13
(7 )

(7):
2a = 4
(6 )
a=2
5 (2) + b = 9

(3) and (4) gives:
15a + 3b = 15
(7 )
Simplify:
5a + b = 5
(8 )
b = 1
4a + 2b + c = 9

(8):
a = 2
4 ( 2 ) + b = 3
4(2) + 2(1) + c = 9
82+c = 9
c=3
is y = 2 x 2 x + 3 .
b=5
219
(0,5 ) : 5 = a (0 ) + b (0 ) + c
2
(2,3) : 3 = a ( 2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
(4, 15 ) : 15 = a (4 ) + b (4 ) + c
9a + 3b = 15

in equation (5):
6a = 18

c=5
(1)
a = 3
a +b =1
(2 )
(3)
4a + 2b + c = 3
16a + 4b + c = 15
(3):
4a + 2b + (5) = 3
(3) + b = 1
b=4
equation is y = 3 x 2 + 4 x + 7 .
16a + 4b + (5) = 15
4a + 2b = 2
(4 )
(0,3) : 3 = a (0 ) + b (0 ) + c
2
(2,13) :13 = a (2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
(3, 24 ) : 24 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2
(5 )
16a + 4b = 20

in equation (5):
8a = 16

c=3
(1)
a = 2
4a + 2b = 2
(2 )
(3)
4a + 2b + c = 13
9a + 3b + c = 24
(3):
4a + 2b + (3) = 13
4(2) + 2b = 2
2b = 6
b=3
equation is y = 2 x 2 + 3 x + 5 .
9a + 3b + (3) = 24
4a + 2b = 10
(4 )
9a + 3b = 21
(0, 7 ) : 7 = a (0 ) + b (0 ) + c
2
(1,8 ) : 8 = a (1) + b (1) + c
2
(3, 8) : 8 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2
(5 )

by -3 and multiply both sides of equation (5) by 2
12a 6b = 30
(6 )
18a + 6b = 42

c=7
(1)
a+b+c =8
(4 )
(5 )
a +b =1
(7 )
To solve for a, add the corresponding sides of

equations (6) and (7) together:
6a = 12
(2 )
(3 )
a=2
4a + 2b = 10
9a + 3b + c = 8
(3):
a + b + (7) = 8
4(2) + 2b = 10
2b = 2
9a + 3b + (7) = 8
b =1
is y = 2 x 2 + x + 3 .
220

47. Linear:
2a + b = 3
2(1) + b = 3
24
= 2
1 0
y intercept = (0, 4)
slope = m =
b = 5
Therefore, a = 1, b = -5, and c = 7. So, the
equation is y = x 2 5 x + 7 .
So, y = 2 x + 4
49. a.
Exponential:
As the value of x increases by 1, the value of y is
1
multiplied by ,, so the base b = . The y2
intercept is (0, 4). Therefore, the exponential
1
function is y = 4
2
First, draw a scattergram of the data. The

quadratic regression equation,
f (t ) = 0.0123t 2 + 1.85t + 0.64 , is the best
model for this data.
Quadratic:
Answers may vary. Example: y = 2 x 2 + 4
b.
Find f(18)
f (18) = 0.0123(18) 2 + 1.85(19) + 0.64 29.9
(0, 7 ) : 7 = a (0 ) + b (0 ) + c
2
(2,1) :1 = a ( 2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
(5, 7 ) : 7 = a (5) + b (5 ) + c
2
So, about 30% of 18-year-old Americans

voted.
c.

c=7
(1)
4a + 2b + c = 1
50 = 0.0123t 2 + 1.85t + 0.64
(2 )
(3 )
0 = 0.0123t 2 + 1.85t 49.36
25a + 5b + c = 7
(3):
4a + 2b + (7) = 1
1.85 1.852 4(0.0123)(49.36)

2(0.0123)
t 34.7 or t 115.7
t=
25a + 5b + (7) = 7
4a + 2b = 6
(4 )
25a + 5b = 0
t 115.7 is model breakdown. So, according

to the model, 50% of people at age 35 vote.
d.
(5 )

2a + b = 3
(6 )
5a + b = 0
Solve for t when f(t) = 50

(7 )

in equation (7):
3a = 3
a =1
So the age of Americans who are most likely

to vote is age 75.
221
Chapter 7 Test
e.
5. 6 x 2 = 100
100
x2 =
6
50
2
x =
3
Candidates tend to focus on issues for older

people because they are the most likely to
vote.
50. a.
x=
x=
x=
x=
b. Using quadratic regression:

f (t ) = 0.037t 2 0.47t + 31.84
x=
=
This means that in 2001, 65.1% of the grades

at Princeton will be As.
3
5 2
3
5 6
3
1 12 4(3)(4)
2(3)
1 47
6

100 = 0.037t 2 0.47t + 31.84
d.
50
6. 3 x 2 + x 4 = 0
f (37) = 0.037(37)2 0.47(37) + 31.84 65.1
c.
50
3
0 = 0.037t 2 0.47t 68.16

7. 4( x 3) 2 + 1 = 7
0.47 (0.47) 2 4(0.037)(68.16)

t=
2(0.037)
t 37.04 or t 49.74
4( x 3) 2 = 6
6
4
3
2
( x 3) =
2
3
x3 =
2
( x 3) 2 =
In 1933 and in 20020, all grades at Princeton

will be As. Model breakdown has occurred.
Chapter 7 Test
1.
2.
3.
32 = 16 2 = 16 2 = 4 2
7
2
20
=
75
x3 =
7 2
=
2
2 2
20
75
2 5
5 3
3
2
2
2
6
2
6
x = 3
2
6 6
x=
2
2
8. 3 x 21x = 0
3 x( x 7) = 0
x3 =
2 5
5 3
3
3
2 15
15
4. x 2 3 x 10 = 0
( x 5)( x + 2) = 0
x 5 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
x = 5 or x = 2
3 x = 0 or x 7 = 0
x = 0 or x = 7
222
Chapter 7 Test

9. x 2 81 = 0
( x 9)( x + 9) = 0
14. 3.7 x 2 = 2.4 5.9 x

3.7 x 2 + 5.9 x 2.4 = 0
x 9 = 0 or x + 9 = 0
5.9 5.92 4(3.7)(2.4)

2(3.7)
x 1.93 or x 0.34
x=
x = 9 or x = 9
10. ( x 3)( x + 5) = 6
x 2 + 5 x 3 x 15 = 6
15. x 2 8 x 2 = 0
x2 8x = 2
x + 2 x 21 = 0
2
x 2 + 2 x = 21
x 2 8 x + 16 = 2 + 16
x + 2 x + 1 = 21 + 1
( x 4)2 = 18
( x + 1) 2 = 22
x 4 = 18
x + 1 = 22
x 4 = 3 2
x = 1 22
x = 43 2
11. 5( x + 4) 2 = 10
16. 2( x 2 4) = 3 x
( x + 4) 2 = 2
2 x 2 8 = 3 x
x + 4 = 2
2 x 2 + 3x = 8
3
x2 + x = 4
2
3
9
9
x2 + x + = 4 +
2
16
16

12. 2 x( x + 5) = 4 x 3
2 x2 + 6 x + 3 = 0
3
64 9
x + 4 = 16 + 16
6 6 2 4(2)(3)
x=
2(2)
3
73
x+ =
4
16
6 12
4
6
2 3
x=
4
3 3
x=
2
x+
2 x 2 + 10 x = 4 x 3
x=
3
=
4
3
x=
4
3
x=
4
x+
13. 9 x 2 = 16 + 24 x
9 x 2 24 x 16 = 0
x=
(24) (24)2 4(9)(16)

2(9)
x=
24 1152
18
x=
24 24 2
18
x=
44 3
3
3
73
=
4
16
223
73
4
73
4
73
Chapter 7 Test
h( x) = 2(3 3) 2 + 5 = 5
3x 8 x + 1 = 0
2
Therefore, the vertex is (3, 5).
(8) (8) 2 4(3)(1)

x=
2(3)
x=
8 52
6
x=
8 2 13
6
x=
4 13
3
4 + 13
, 0 and
3
4 13
, 0 .
19. Solve for a when the discriminant equals 0:

b 2 4ac = 0
(4) 2 4(a )(4a ) = 0
16 16a 2 = 0
16a 2 = 16
0 = 2( x 3) 2 + 5
a2 = 1
2( x 3) 2 = 5
a = 1
5
2
5
x3 =
2
( x 3) 2 =
x3 =
(1, 4 ) : 4 = a (1) + b (1) + c

2
(2,9 ) : 9 = a ( 2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
(3,16 ) :16 = a (3) + b (3) + c
2
2
x3 =
5
2

a+b+c = 4
(1)
4a + 2b + c = 9
(2 )
(3)
9a + 3b + c = 16
(1) by -1:
a b c = 4
(4)
Solve for x :
10
2
10
x = 3
2
x 1.42 or x 4.58
x3 =

(2) and (4) gives:
3a + b = 5
(5)
Simplify:
8a + 2b = 12
(6 )
So, the x-intercepts are approximately (1.42,0 )
and ( 4.58, 0 ) . Since these points are symmetric,

(3) and (4) gives:
4a + b = 6
(7 )
1.42 + 4.58
=3,
the average of the x-coordinates,
2
is the x-coordinate of the vertex of f(x). Substitute 3
for x in the function to find the y-coordinate of the
vertex:

(7):
224
Chapter 7 Test

a =1
Substitute 1 for a in equation (5):
3 (1) + b = 5
c.
x 2 6 x + 11 = 3
x2 6 x + 8 = 0
x=
b=2
a+b+c = 4
(6) (6) 2 4(1)(8)

2(1)
6 4
2
62
x=
2
8
4
x=
or x =
2
2
x = 4 or x = 2
x=
1+ 2 + c = 4
c =1
is y = x 2 + 2 x + 1 .
21. Using the equation y = a ( x h) 2 + k , substitute 5
for h and 3 for k since the vertex is (5, 3). Also,
substitute 3 for x and 11 for y since (3,11) lies on
the parabola.
y = a ( x h) 2 + k
23. a.
11 = a (3 5) 2 + 3

quadratic regression equation,
f (t ) = 1.14t 2 + 25.26t 81.2 , is the best
model for this data.
11 = a (3 5) 2 + 3
11 = a ( 2) 2 + 3
11 = 4a + 3
8 = 4a
a=2
So, the equation is y = 2( x 5) 2 + 3
22. a.
b.
x 2 6 x + 11 = 1
x 2 6 x + 10 = 0
So, 41.2% of television shows will be at least

an hour long in 2005.
(6) (6) 2 4(1)(10)

x=
2(1)
c.
6 4
x=
2
0 = 1.14t 2 + 1.85t 131.2

25.26 25.26 2 4(1.14)(131.2)
2(1.14)
t 8.31 or t 13.8
t=
x 2 6 x + 11 = 2
x2 6 x + 9 = 0
x=

50 = 1.14t 2 + 25.26t 81.2

number, there are no real number solutions.
There is no such value for x.
b.
f (15) = 1.14(15) 2 + 25.26(15) 81.2 41.2
So, according to the model, 50% of television

shows will be at least an hour long in 1996 and
in 2004.
(6) (6) 4(1)(9)

2(1)
2
6 0
2
6
x= =3
2
x=
225
Cumulative Review Chapters 1-7

d.
2.
0 = 1.14t 2 + 25.26t 81.2
5
7 1
x=
6
2 3
5
21 2
x=
6
6 6
5
19
x=
6
6
6 5
19 6
x=
5 6
6 5
19
x=
5
25.26 25.26 2 4(1.14)(81.2)

2(1.14)
t 3.90 or t 18.26
t=
So, the t-intercepts are (3.90, 0 ) and
(18.26, 0 ) . This means that according to the
model no television shows were at least an

hour in 1994 and none will be at least an hour
in 2008. (Model breakdown has probably
occurred.
e.
5
1 7
x+ =
6
3 2
Model breakdown will definitely occur for

years before 1994 (t < 3.90) and for years after
2008 (t > 18.26) because there cant be less
than zero shows that last at least an hour.
3. log 4 ( x + 3) = 2
x + 3 = 42
x + 3 = 16
24. Using a graphing calculator, find that the

maximum point of the parabola is approximately
(2.50, 103).
x = 13
4. 3e x 5 = 49
3e x = 54
ex =
54
3
54
ln(e x ) = ln
3
54
x ln(e) = ln
3
54
x = ln 2.8904
3
So, the maximum height reached by the ball is 103

feet at 2.5 seconds.
Cumulative Review of Chapters 1-7
5. 5b 6 + 4 = 82
5b 6 = 78
1. 5 x 2 = 24
24
x2 =
5
=
=
=
=
b6 =
24
5
78 6
b = 1.5807
5
24
6. 3 x 2 5 x 4 = 0
5
2 6
5
78
5
5
5
2 30
5
226
x=
(5) (5) 2 4(3)(4)

2(3)
x=
5 73
6
11. 2(5 x + 2) 1 = 9( x 3)
10 x + 4 1 = 9 x 27
7. 3(2)4 x 5 = 95
95
(2)4 x 5 =
3
log(2) 4 x 5
10 x + 3 = 9 x 27
x = 30
95
= log
3
12. 3log 2 (4 x 4 ) 2 log 2 (4 x 3 ) = 5
95
(4 x 5) log(2) = log
3
95
log
3
4x 5 =
log(2)
log 2 (4 x 4 )3 log 2 (4 x 3 ) 2 = 5
log 2 (64 x12 ) log 2 (16 x 6 ) = 5
64 x12
=5
log 2
6
16 x
log 2 ( 4 x 6 ) = 5
95
log
3 +5
4x =
log(2)
4 x 6 = 25
4 x 6 = 32
95
log
3 +5
log(2)
2.4962
x=
4
8. 2(3 x 2 10) = 7 x
x6 = 8
1
x = (8) 6
x 1.4142
6 x 2 20 = 7 x
13. 2 x(3x 4) + 5 = 3 x2
6 x 2 + 7 x 20 = 0
6 x2 8x + 5 = 3 x2
(3 x 4)(2 x + 5) = 0
7 x2 8x + 2 = 0
3 x 4 = 0 or 2 x + 5 = 0
x=
3 x = 4 or 2 x = 5
x=
4
5
or x =
3
2
(8) (8) 2 4(7)(2)

2(7)
8 8
14
8 2 2
x=
14
4 2
x=
7
x=
9. log b (65) = 4
b 4 = 65
1
b = 65 4
b 2.8394
14. 3ln(2 x 4 ) + 2 ln(3 x 7 ) = 8
10. 3 x 2 + 5 x 2 = 12 x + 20
8 x 2 12 x 20 = 0
ln(2 x 4 )3 + ln(3 x 7 ) 2 = 8
ln(8 x12 ) + ln(9 x14 ) = 8
4(2 x 2 3 x 5) = 0
ln(72 x 26 ) = 8
2 x2 3x 5 = 0
(2 x 5)( x + 1) = 0
72 x 26 = e8
e8
72
2 x 5 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
2 x = 5 or x = 1
x 26 =
5
or x = 1
x=
2
e8 26
x = 1.1540
72
227

37 x = 37
15. 5( x 3)2 + 4 = 13
x =1
Substitute 1 for x in one of the original equations to
solve for y:
4(1) 7 y = 10
5( x 3)2 = 9
( x 3) 2 =
9
5
9
5
3
x3 =
x3 =
7 y = 14
y=2
The solution is (1, 2).
5
3
x3 =
x3 =
x = 3
x=
18. Substitute y = 3 x 1 in 2 x 3 y = 11
2 x 3(3 x 1) = 11
2 x 9 x + 3 = 11
7 x = 14
x=2
Substitute 2 for x in one of the original equations to
solve for y:
y = 3x 1
3 5
5
3 5
5
15 3 5
5
= 3(2) 1
=5
16. 2 x 2 + 3 x 6 = 0
2 x 2 + 3x = 6
The solution is (2, 5).

1
5
x y = by
2
2
3
3
3
15
. This gives x + y = . Add the left
5
10
5
10
sides and the right sides of the equations:
3
3
15
x+ y =
10
5
10
2
3
6
x y =
5
5
5
This yields:
3
2
15 6
x+ x = +
10
5
10 5
3
4
15 12
x+ x = +
10
10
10 10
1
3
x=
10
10
10 1
3 10
x=
1 10
10 1
x = 3
Substitute -3 for x in one of the original equations
to solve for y:
3
x=3
2
3
9
9
x2 + x + = 3 +
2
16
16
19. In order to eliminate y, multiply
x2 +
3
48 9
+
x+ =
4
16
16
3
57
x+ =
4
16
x+
3
57
=
4
16
3
=
4
3
x=
4
3
x=
4
x+
57
4
57
4
57
17. In order to eliminate y, multiply 4 x 7 y = 10 by

4 and 3 x + 4 y = 11 by 7. This gives:
16 x 28 y = 40
21x + 28 y = 77
Add corresponding sides to obtain x:
228

1
5
(3) y =
2
2
3
5
y=
2
2
3 5
y=
2 2
8
y = = 4
2
So the solution is (-3, -4).
6b8 c 3
23. 4 1
8b c
6b8 c 3
4 1
8b c
3b12 c 2
=
4
3b12
= 2
4c
27b36
=
64c 6
6 x 8 < 5 18 x 15
6 x 8 < 18 x 10
24 x < 2
1
12
1
,
12
x<
= ln(8 x 21 16 x10 )
= ln(128 x 31 )
1
12
25. 3log b (4 x8 ) 4 log b (2 x 3 )

= log b (4 x8 )3 log b (2 x 3 ) 4
1 2 4
21. (2b c ) (3b c )

3 12 15
= (2 b c
= log b (64 x 24 ) log b (16 x12 )
4 8
)(3 b c )
4
64 x 24
= log b
12
16 x
15 8
= (8 81)(b b )(c c )
12
= log b ( 4 x12 )
= 648b8 c 23
22.
10b c
26. (3 x 4) 2 = (3 x 4)(3 x 4)
= 9 x 2 12 x 12 x + 16
= 9 x 2 24 x + 16
15b 2 c 5
=
=
2b
3 1

4 2
27. (5 x 7)(5 x + 7)
2 3
5 5
= 25 x 2 + 35 x 35 x 49
3
2b
3 2
+
4 4
= 25 x 2 49
28. 3 x( x 2 5)( x3 + 8)
= 3 x( x5 + 8 x 2 5 x3 40)
2b 4 c
=
3
2
= 1 1
3b 4 c 5
= ln(8 x 21 ) + ln(16 x10 )
4 5 3
2
5
= ln(2 x 7 )3 + ln(4 x 5 )2
24. 3ln(2 x 7 ) + 2 ln(4 x5 )
648b
c 23
3b8 ( 4) c 3 ( 1)
=
20. 2(3 x 4) < 5 3(6 x + 5)

2(3 x 4) < 5 3(6 x + 5)
= 3 x( x5 5 x3 + 8 x 2 40)
1
5
= 3 x 6 + 15 x 4 24 x 3 + 120 x
229

40. h 1 (7) = 4 since h(4) = 7
29. (2 x 3)( x 2 + 4 x 5)
= 2 x3 + 8 x 2 10 x 3 x 2 12 x + 15
41. The x-intercept of k is (2, 0)
= 2 x3 + 5 x 2 22 x + 15
30.
42.
f ( x) = 2( x 5) 2 + 3
= 2( x 5)( x 5) + 3
= 2( x 2 5 x 5 x + 25) + 3
= 2( x 2 10 x + 25) + 3
= 2 x 2 + 20 x 50 + 3
= 2 x 2 + 20 x 47
31. 81x 2 25 = (9 x ) 2 5 2 = (9 x 5)(9 x + 5)

32. x 3 13 x 2 + 40 x
= x( x 2 13 x + 40)
43.
= x( x 8)( x 5)
33. 8 x 2 + 22 x 21 = (2 x + 7)(4 x 3)
34. x 3 + 4 x 2 9 x 36 :
= x 2 ( x + 4) 9( x + 4)
= ( x + 4)( x 2 9)
= ( x + 4)( x 3)( x + 3)
35. Since the y-intercept is (0, 20) and as x increases
by 1, f(x) decreases by 3: f ( x) = 3 x + 20
44. First, change the form into y = mx + b

2 x 5 y = 20
36. As x increases by 1, g(x) increases by a factor of 3,

so the base b = 3. Substitute a point from the table
into g ( x) = ab x and solve for a.
5 y = 2 x + 20
12 = a (3) 2
y=
12 = 9a
4
3
So, the equation is:
a=
g ( x) =
4 x
(3)
3
37. For the function k, as x increases by 1, k(x)

increases by 4, so the slope is 4.
38. g (4) = 108
39. x = 1 since g (1) = 4
230
2
x4
5

45.
49. m =
y2 y1
4 ( 2) 6
=
= =3
x2 x1 3 (5) 2
50. First, change the form of the equation given to

y = mx + b .
3x 4 y = 5
4 y = 3 x + 5
y=
3
5
x
4
4
4
The slope of the perpendicular line will be . So
3
the equation of the perpendicular line will be
4
y = x + b . Substitute the given point into this
3
equation to solve for b.
46.
4
6 = ( 2) + b
3
8
6 = +b
3
8
b = 6
3
18 8
b=
3 3
10
b=
3
47.
4
10
So, the equation is y = x +
or
3
3
y = 1.33 x + 3.33 .
51. The equation is of the form y = ab x . Since (0, 78)
is on the curve, a = 78. So, the equation is of the
form: y = 78b x . Now substitute (9, 13) into the
equation and solve for b.
13 = 78b9
48.
b9 =
13
78
1
13 9
b = 0.82
78
So, the equation is y = 78(0.82) x .
52. Both points satisfy the equation y = ab x ; we have
the system of equations:
83 = ab5
27 = ab 2
231
Combining these two equations yields

83 ab5
=
27 ab 2
83
= b3
27
a + b + c = 1
1 + 2 + c = 1
c = 4
Therefore, a = 1, b = 2, and c = -4. So, the equation
is y = x 2 + 2 x 4 .
83 3
b = 1.45
27
So the equation is of the form: y = a (1.45) x
To find a, substitute (2, 27) into y = a (1.45)
54. a.
63
=3
1 0
y intercept = (0,3)
slope = m =
27 = a (1.45) 2
So, y = 3 x + 3
27 = 2.1025a
a = 12.84
So, the equation is y = 12.84(1.45) x
Exponential:
As the value of x increases by 1, the value of y
is multiplied by 2,, so the base b = 2. The yintercept is (0, 3). Therefore, the exponential

2
(1, 1) : 1 = a (1) + b (1) + c

2
(2, 4 ) : 4 = a ( 2 ) + b ( 2 ) + c
2
(4, 20 ) : 20 = a (4 ) + b (4 ) + c
2
function is y = 3 ( 2 )
Quadratic:
Answers may vary. Example: y = 3 x 2 + 3 .

a + b + c = 1
(1)
4a + 2b + c = 4
Linear:
b.
(2 )
(3 )
16a + 4b + c = 20
(1) by -1:
a b c = 1
(4)
(2) and (4) gives:
3a + b = 5
(5)
(3) and (4) gives:
15a + 3b = 21
(6 )
55. x 2 + 6 x 5 = 3
x2 6 x + 8 = 0
( x 4)( x 2) = 0
Simplify:
5a + b = 7
(7 )
(7):
2a = 2
x 4 = 0 or x 2 = 0
x = 4 or x = 2
56. x 2 + 6 x 5 = 4
x2 6x + 9 = 0
a =1
3 (1) + b = 5
( x 3)( x 3) = 0
( x 3) 2 = 0
x3 = 0
b=2
x=3
232

65.
57. x 2 + 6 x 5 = 5
x 2 6 x + 10 = 0
x=
6 (6) 2 4(1)(10)
2(1)
6 4
2
number, there are no real number solutions. There
is no such value for x.
x=
58. To find the x-intercepts, let f(x) = 0 and solve for x:
66. g ( x) = 3 x
x2 + 6x 5 = 0
g 1 ( x) = log 3 ( x)
x2 6x + 5 = 0
( x 5)( x 1) = 0
67.
x 5 = 0 or x 1 = 0
x = 5 or x = 1
The x-intercepts are (5, 0) and (1, 0).
2
x +1
5
Replace f ( x) with y :
2
x +1
5
Solve for x :
y=
59. To find the y-intercept, find f(0)
60.
f ( x) =
f (0) = (0) 2 + 6(0) 5 = 5

The y-intercept is (0. -5)
y 1 =
2
x
5
5
( y 1) = x
2
5
5
x= y
2
2
Replace x with g 1 ( y ) :
5
5
y
2
2
Write in terms of x :
g 1 ( y ) =
5
5
x
2
2
linear regression equation,
f (t ) = 3.97t + 3.02 , is the best model for this
data.
g 1 ( x) =
68. a.
61. log 2 (16) = 4 since 2 4 = 16

62. log b (b3 ) = 3 since b3 = b3
1
1
63. log 5 = log 5 2
25
5
64.
log 9 (2) =
2
= log 5 (5 ) = 2
log(2)
0.3155
log(9)
233
b.
f (18) = 3.97(18) + 3.02 = 74.48 . In 2008,

74.48% of companies will offer stock options
to at least half of their employees.
e.
Since the base of the exponential model is b =

1.22, the rate of growth is approximately 1.221 = 0.22 or 22% per year.
c.
100 = 3.97t + 3.02

96.98 = 3.97t
f.
Quadratic model:
5 = 0.0216t 2 0.19t + 0.88
t 24.43
All companies will offer stock options to at
least half of their employees in 2014.
d.
0 = 0.0216t 2 0.19t 4.12

0.19 (0.19)2 4(0.0216)(4.12)
2(0.0216)
t 10.1 or t 18.9
t=
Set f(t) = 0 and solve for t

0 = 3.97t + 3.02
3.02 = 3.97t
t = -10.1 is model breakdown, so the year that

the quadratic model predicts that sakes will
reach $5 billion in 2009.
3.02
0.76
3.97
So, the t-intercept is (-0.76, 0). This means
that no companies offered stock options to at
least half of their employees in 1989. Model
breakdown has occurred.
t=
e.
69. a.
Exponential model:
5 = 0.15(1.22)t
33.3333 = 1.22t
t < -0.76 (since there cant be less than 0

percent offering stock options) or t> 24.43
(because there cant be more than 100 percent
of companies offering stock options).
log(1.22)t = log(33.33333)
t log(1.22) = log(33.33333)
log(33.33333)
log(1.22)
t 17.6
t=
Find the different models using the regression

feature on a graphing calculator:
So the year that the exponential model

predicts that sakes will reach $5 billion in
2008.
Linear: f (t ) = 0.18t 0.61

Exponential: f (t ) = 0.15(1.22)t
Quadratic: f (t ) = 0.0216t 2 0.19t + 0.88
b.
Answers may vary. Example: both the

quadratic and exponential functions model the
data well.
c.
Quadratic model

It makes sense that the year predicted by the
exponential model is before the year predicted
by the quadratic model, as the exponential
model is a steeper curve, and rises quicker
than the quadratic model.
70. a.
d.

minimum point of the parabola is
This means that the minimum sales revenues

was 0.46 billion dollars.
234
First, draw a scattergram of the data for h. The

linear regression equation, h(t ) = 2.4t + 10.7 ,
is the best model for this data.

First, draw a scattergram of the data for c. The
linear regression equation, c(t ) = t + 53 , is the
best model for this data.
b.
The rates of change are the slopes of the

respective models.
Rate of change at Hartford: 2.4 percent per
year.
Rate of change in Connecticut: 1 percent per
year.
c.
h(18) = 2.4(18) + 10.7 = 53.9 . This means that

in 2008, the percent of students who will score
above the goals in Hartford will be 53.9%.
c(18) = 18 + 53 = 71 . This means that in 2008,
the percent of students who will score above
the goals in Connecticut will be 71%.
d.
Solve for t when h(t ) = c(t )

2.4t + 10.7 = t + 53
1.4t = 42.3
t 30.21
So, the percentage of Hartford and
Connecticut students who will score above the
goals will be equal in 2020.
235

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LehmannIA SSM Ch7

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Chapter 7

Using Quadratic Functions to Model Data

35. x 2 + 25 = 0 means x 2 = 25 ; there are no real

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

(4 x + 7) 2 = 3 Since the square of a number is

55. 3(4 x 9)2 + 5 = 31

57. Solve for x when f(x) = 0

59. Solve for x when h(x) = 0

17, 0 and 17, 0 .

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

61. Solve for x when f(x) = 0

67. Solve for x when h(x) = 0

The x-intercepts are (1, 0 ) and ( 3, 0 ) .

63. Solve for x when h(x) = 0

Since the square of a number is nonnegative, there

65. Solve for x when f(x) = 0

Rationalize the denominator:

So, the x-intercepts are ( 4.88, 0 ) and ( 9.12, 0 ) .

points are symmetric, the average of the x8 + 2 10

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

75. Answers may vary. Example:

You can solve quadratic equations by factoring as

So, the x-intercepts are 31, 0 and

Since these points are symmetric, the average of

This expression is x 2 + 12 x + 36 and its factored

This expression is x 2 14 x + 49 and its factored

71. No, the student did not solve it correctly. They

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

19. First, change the equation to the form

23. First, change the equation to the form

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

Since the square of a number is nonnegative, there

Since the square of a number is nonnegative, there

29. First, change the equation to the form

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

33. Divide both sides by 2 so that a = 1:

Rationalize the denominator:

Rationalize the denominator:

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

37. Divide both sides by 3 so that a = 1: x 2 +

41. Change the equation so that it is in the form

39. Change the equation so that it is in the form

Since the square of a number is nonnegative, there

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

47. First, change the equation so that it is in the form

45. First, change the equation so that it is in the form

49. No, the student did not solve the equation

Divide both sides by 2, so that a = 1:

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

59. Answers may vary.

Since the square of a number is nonnegative,

53. Solve for x when f(x) = 0:

Since the square root of a negative number is not a

Since the square of a number is nonnegative there

9. First write 2 x 2 + 5 x = 3 in the form

57. Solve for x when f(x) = 0:

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

15. First write 4 x 2 = 2 x + 3 in the form

17. First write 3x ( x + 1) = 2 in the form

13. First write 2 x = 5 x in the form ax + bx + c = 0 :

Since the square root of a negative number is not a

19. First write 3 ( x 2 2 ) = 5 x in the form

SSM: Intermediate Algebra

27. First write 2.8 x 2 7.1x = 4.4 in the form