dgtww20150708 DL

July-August 2015
www.dieselgasturbine.com
WW_JulAug_C1.indd 1
7/17/15 3:20 PM
www.hilliardcorp.com
Elmira, New York Since 1905
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3/23/15 2:53 PM
DIESEL & GAS TURBINE PUBLICATIONS

President & CEO.......................................... Michael J. Osenga
Executive Vice President..........................Michael J. Brezonick
Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide

Editor & Publisher............................................... Brent Haight
Executive Editor.........................................................DJSlater
Deputy Editor....................................................... Mark Thayer
Regional Manager/Editor.....................................Ian Cameron
Regional Manager/Editor............................... Roberto Chellini
Regional Manager/Editor.................................Roberta Prandi
Field Editor/Business Manager.............................Bo Svensson
Associate Editor.......................................................Jack Burke
Associate Editor....................................................Chad Elmore
Associate Editor.........................................................Art Aiello
Associate Editor..................................................Angela Jarrell
Copy Editor......................................................Jerry Karpowicz
Digital Content Manager................................Catrina Boettner
Advertising Manager............................................ Sarah Yildiz
Circulation Manager...................................... Margaret Pieper
Production Manager........................................Marisa Roberts
Graphic Artist................................................. Brenda Burbach
Graphic Artist....................................................... Carla Lemke
Graphic Artist...................................................... Alyssa Loope
PUBLICATION HEADQUARTERS
20855 Watertown Road, Suite 220
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Telephone: +1 (262) 754-4100 Telefax: +1 (262) 754-4175
UNITED STATES - HOUSTON
Brent Haight, Editor & Publisher
Mark Thayer, Deputy Editor
12777 Jones Road, Suite 225
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Telephone: +1 (281) 890-5310 Telefax: +1 (281) 890-4805
GERMANY
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Linda Cameron, Advertising Manager
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Yokohama, 231-0824 Japan
Telephone: +81 45 624 3502 Telefax: +81 45 624 3503
HONG KONG
S.H. Mok, Branch Manager
Rm 1903A, 19/F, Sunbeam Commercial Building
469-471 Nathan Road
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Telephone: +852 31187930 Telefax: +852 23321565
KOREA
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Reprints of all articles published in Diesel & Gas Turbine
Worldwide are available. Please address inquiries to:
mgraesing@dieselpub.com
Tel: +1 (262) 754-4147 Telefax: +1 (262) 754-4177
WW163.indd 1
HAight Notes
Reader Mail Order Survey 2015
he July-August issue of Diesel

& Gas Turbine Worldwide brings
the third installment of our annual Order Survey. Each year, we
produce three reports based on
data collected directly from OEMs which
are designed to provide order details on
large-horsepower prime movers used in
power generation, mechanical drive and
marine propulsion applications.
The Power Generation Order Survey
(May 2015 D&GTW) examines reciprocating engines, steam turbines and gas
turbines for power generation service.
The Mechanical Drive Order Survey (June
2015 D&GTW) is devoted to engine orders
for mechanical drive applications including pumps, compressors, oil exploration
machinery, rail and other industrial applications. The Marine Propulsion Order Survey (July-August 2015 D&GTW) examines
mechanical drive, auxiliary and dieselelectric marine propulsions systems.
Each time a survey is published, we receive a flurry of questions from readers
about the survey process and the data
that is presented. With the conclusion
of this years Order Survey, I thought Id
share the five most commonly asked
questions and their answers, for those of
you who might have always wondered,
but never asked.
How is the information gathered?
Each year we send the survey directly
to OEMs, who complete and return
them to us. Order data from each OEM
is combined to provide an overview of
the specific prime-mover/application.
Each published report includes a list of
participating OEMs.
Can you send me individual OEM order details?
No. Our legal team has worked with the
legal teams of myriad OEMs to produce
documents that forbid the sharing, disclosing or discussion of specific OEM
order details. We have legally binding
policies, procedures and documents in
place that do not allow us to share specific OEM order data.

Can you tell me how many units XYZ Co.
reported?
No. Sorry. Neither written nor verbal, all
data is confidential and cant be disclosed
or discussed.
Can you provide a specific order breakdown by country?
The information that is published in each
order survey is all that is available. We have
worked with participating OEMs to create a regional breakdown that is widely
accepted throughout the industries that
each report covers. We send the regional
breakdown to OEMs at the beginning of
the survey process and publish it with each
report so readers can see which specific
countries fall into each geographic region.
If you add up the regional codes/fuel
type/engine speed ranges/etc., they
sometimes dont match the total number of units reported. Why?
OEMs provide the data that is presented
in each report. From time to time an OEM
will not provide specific information for
a certain data field or (in the case of fuel
type) may double report a unit (diesel fuel
and natural gas). We make every effort
to clarify the data, but ultimately we will
publish what is provided by the OEM rather than attempt to interpret, predict or
otherwise influence the data we receive.
As a reminder, PDF versions of each Order
Survey are available at our website.
We continually re-evaluate the Order Survey to ensure it is as detailed and comprehensive as possible without introducing
transparencies that would limit OEM participation. Your questions, comments and
suggestions are always welcome. A
Brent Haight
bhaight@dieselpub.com
2 July-August 2015
7/15/15 4:41 PM
Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide is the leading authority for

prime-mover products, technologies and news.
www.dieselgasturbine.com
july
-august
34
Contents
Testing Clean
Energy
Noise & Heat Reduction

6 Quiet Piping
10 Take The Heat
Controls, Sensors & Instrumentation

14 Military Orders Rigorous Controls
16 Cylinder Pressure-Based Controls In High
Power Density Gas Engines
21 On The Level
22 Collaborative Concoction
45 ABB Expands Symphony Plus Range
38
Marine Propulsion
24 An Addition To The ABB Azipod Family
40 New Trend For Long-Haul Tugs?
Liquid Gas
Injection
Marine Propulsion Order Survey

26 Hold Fast
Industry News
30 Next-Generation Ignition
38 Liquid Gas Injection
Power Generation
34 Testing Clean Energy
40
New Trend For

Long-Haul Tugs?
80
Cover Design: Alyssa Loope
celebrating
years
Follow @dgtww on:
PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.
MEMBER OF BPAWORLDWIDE
DIESEL & GAS TURBINE WORLDWIDE (ISSN 0278-5994) Volume 47, Number 6. Published monthly except, Jan/Feb &July/
Aug issues combined, by Diesel & Gas Turbine Publications, 20855 Watertown Road, Waukesha, WI 53186-1873 U.S.A.
Subscription rates are $85.00 per year/$10.00 per copy worldwide. Periodicals postage paid at Waukesha, WI 53186 and
at additional mailing offices. Copyright 2015 Diesel & Gas Turbine Publications. All Rights Reserved. Materials protected
by U.S. and international copyright laws and treaties. Unauthorized duplication and publication is expressly prohibited.
Canadian Publication Mail Agreement # 40035419. Return Undeliverable Canadian Addresses to: P.O. Box 456, Niagara
Falls, ON L2E 6V2, Canada. E-mail: mpieper@dieselpub.com. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: Circulation Man
ager, Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide, 20855 Watertown Road, Suite 220, Waukesha, WI 53186-1873 U.S.A.
WW_JulyAugust TOC.indd 1
In Every Issue
2 Haight Notes
4 PMO Report
8 Events & Meetings
20 Featured Products
42 Industry Drivers
43 Newsmakers
44 Literature Library
46 Index of Advertisers
47 Marketplace
48 World Viewpoint
3 July-August 2015
7/20/15 10:07 AM
PMO Report
Additional information on these

Prime-Mover Orders is available at
www.dieselgasturbine.com/pmo-report/
CATERPILLAR MARINE
Caterpillar Marine will supply Edison Chouest Offshore
four Cat C280-16 generator sets, each rated 5060 bkW at
900 r/min for two new vessels being constructed at Edison
Chouests La Ship shipyard in Houma, Louisiana, U.S.A.
GE
GE will supply a 9HA gas turbine to Bouchain, France, for a
new lectricit de France gas-fired power plant.
MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER

SYSTEMS AMERICAS INC.
Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Americas Inc. will supply three M501J gas turbines to Virginia Electric and Power
Company for the Greensville County Power Station in Virginia, U.S.A.
ROLLS-ROYCE
GE MARINE
GE Marine will supply one GE LM2500 gas turbine and two
diesel engines in a combined diesel and gas turbine propulsion system for the United States Coast Guards eighth National Security Cutter, Midgett.
GE Marine will supply two LM2500 aeroderivative marine gas
turbines for the Japanese Maritime Self Defense Forces new
26DD destroyer.
Ellwood.qxp
for a vessel currently under construction by Minaminippon

Shipbuilding Co. Ltd.
11/11/09
MAN DIESEL & TURBO
8:43 AM
Page 1
MAN Diesel & Turbo will supply a 7S50ME-B9.3-LGI engine
Rolls-Royce will supply four electricity generating sets for

two combined heat and power plants operated by P3P for
British tomato growers APS Salads. The gen-sets are based
on medium speed 12-cylinder Type B35:40 gas engines from
Bergen Engines.
Rolls-Royce will supply 589 MTU 8V 199 TE21 diesel engines for use in the British armys new Scout armored fighting vehicle.
SIEMENS
Siemens will supply two SGT6-8000H gas turbines and two
generators for the Empalme I combined cycle power plant in
Sonora, Mexico.
Siemens will supply an SGT5-4000F gas turbine, a dual casing SST-800/600 steam turbine, an SGen-1200A generator, an
SGen-100A generator and the related electrical and I&C equipment for the Ciner Kazan Soda combined cycle cogeneration
power plant in Turkey.
Siemens will supply 24 Siemens H-Class gas turbines, eight
units for each of Egypts planned Beni Suef, Burullus and New
Capital power plants.
We Manufacture and
Remanufacture the
Worlds Largest Engine
Crankshafts
Ellwood Crankshaft Group
WRTSIL
Wrtsil will supply two Wrtsil 9L46 gensets to the Pockwood Pond power generating station in the British Virgin Islands, owned by the British Islands Electricity Corp.
Wrtsil will supply a 12-cylinder Wrtsil 32 main engine for a fishing vessel being built by Simek AS in Norway
on behalf of the U.K. operator Antares (Whalsay) Fishing
Company Ltd. A
Irvine, PA, USA 16329

Hermitage, PA, USA 16148
1-800-247-1326
or 724-347-0250
ecgsales@elwd.com
www.ellwoodcrankshaftgroup.com
WW159.indd 1
Prime Mover: A machine that transforms energy from a chemical,

thermal, electrical or pressure form into a mechanical form. Electric
motors, engines and turbines are examples of prime movers.
Perez, Robert. 2013. Illustrated Dictionary Of Essential Process Machinery Terms;
DGTP Inc., Waukesha, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
4 July-August 2015
7/20/15 10:10 AM
RENEWING IS FREE!
SUNDAY
7
14
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
9 10
15 16
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDAY
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17 18 19 20
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31
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ON EQUIPMENT
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TO BE SURE YOU DONT MISS AN ISSUE
Still Free To Qualified Readers
www.dieselgasturbine.com/renew/
Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide is the leading authority for prime-mover products, technologies and news.
the prime-mover magazine since 1969
WW_Renew_Calendar.indd 1
7/16/15 2:12 PM
g GmbH &
auffenber
NOISE & HEAT
Co. KG
reduction
lter St
esy of Wa
oto court
Ph
With a specially shaped, two-part elastomer

insert, the new NRC clamps by Stauff are capable
of mechanically absorbing vibrations in the pipe
to reduce noise.
Quiet Piping
New clamps make pipe and tube
installations less noisy
tauff introduced its new NRC

clamps for noise- and vibrationreduced installation of pipes
and tubes with outside diameters between 6 and 88.9 mm.
The company explained that the working principle of the NRC clamps is based
on polyamide clamp bodies following
the design of its existing Standard Series
that comply with the German Industry
Standard DIN 3015, Part 1. The clamps
feature a specially shaped, two-part
elastomer insert that mechanically absorbs vibrations in the pipe and, as a result, reduces noise to a minimum.
The insert is particularly distinguished
by how little of its surface is in contact
with the pipe and clamp body, and as a
result is far more effective than the previously known solutions, Stauff said.
The tongue-groove contour of the insert and body, which is reversed and
thus diverges from DIN 3015, enables
the system to be used for the widest
possible range of pipe diameters per
clamp size, which contributes to flexibility and versatility.
This patented system permits combining the absorbing properties of the
clamp, which are so vital for this application, with the pipe-retaining forces required, said Ulrich Knig, chief research
and development officer of the Stauff
Group. Thanks to the functional design,
we have expanded the possibilities of
the DIN 3015 standard, without deviating from it in the dimensions relevant
for the installation.
The NRC clamps are completely compatible with commonly used steel or stainlesssteel mounting hardware, and if necessary
can simply be replaced or retrofitted.
Stauff explained that, particularly in
the field of civil shipping for example,
on cruise ships, yachts or port boats
effective noise damping has become
important in recent years as a criterion
in the planning of machinery, devices
and systems, and selecting the corresponding components, since it makes a
great contribution to comfort and facilitates communication on board. Furthermore, it is known that noise emissions
can have grave effects on a wide range
of maritime animals.
The International Maritime Organization
has also dealt with the determination of
noise thresholds, for example in engine
WW152.indd 1
and control rooms, in crew quarters, and

for the reduction of underwater noise in
order to protect the environment.
Stauff added that there is a rising demand for the reduction of noise emissions in mobile and stationary applications, such as in harbors and loading
areas. This is sanctioned by the European Community according to the crossindustry guidelines of the Outdoor Directive 2000/14/EC (on noise emissions
in the environment by equipment for
use outdoors) and to the 2006/42/EC Directive on machinery.
Apart from the regular NRC clamps,
Stauff also provides another version especially meant for use on the high seas,
which is manufactured completely with
flame-resistant materials according to
international standards and directives,
and meets the demanding requirements
for preventive fire protection.
In addition, Stauff pointed out that
all of the materials used in its products
are distinguished by their durability,
as for example against corrosion by
seawater, mineral oil and other oils,
and by their wide operational temperature range. A
6 July-August 2015
7/15/15 4:47 PM
Stop heat
Stop noise*
ISOLITE NoiseCAP
Acoustic package for a
stationary gas turbine
ISOLITE HeatCAP
Thermal insulation system
for a diesel marine engine
As a leading company in the high temperature range, ISOLITE produces effective

solutions for both thermal and acoustic
insulation.
From heat protection to acoustic encapsulation, for diesel aggregates or gas

turbines our products, including HeatCAP
and NoiseCAP, are always tailored to
your precise requirements.
ISOLITE managing energy.
ISOLITE GmbH | Industriestrasse 125 | 67063 Ludwigshafen | Germany

Phone: +49 (621) 91109-444 | info @isolite.de | www.isolite.de
Isolite_StopHeat_AL.indd 1
www.janus-wa.de
* We use innovative insulation systems

to keep energy where it belongs.
7/14/15 8:58 AM
18-20
Power-Gen Natural Gas

Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
+1 (918) 831-9160
www.power-gennaturalgas.com
1-3
Power-Gen Asia
Bangkok, Thailand
+44 1992 656 634
www.powergenasia.com
oct
sep aug
events & Meetings
14-17
Turbomachinery Symposium
Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
+1 (979) 845-7417
http://turbolab.tamu.edu
22-25
Engineering Congress
Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.
+1 (770) 271-7869
www.energycongress.com
Shanghai, China
+852 2811 8897
www.epchinashow.com
4-6
IAGT 2015 Symposium

Banff, Alberta, Canada
www.iagtcommittee.com
Power-Gen Middle East

Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
+44 1992 656610
www.power-gen-middleeast.com
5-7
Offshore Marine and Workboats Middle East

Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
+44 1206 545121
www.middleeastworkboats.com
5-8
NEVA
St. Petersburg, Russia
+44 1449 741801
http://neva.transtec-neva.com
Argentina Oil & Gas Expo

Buenos Aires, Argentina
+54 11 4514 1400
www.aogexpo.com.ar/en
30 - Oct. 2
14-16
World Energy
19-21
20-23
Kormarine
Busan, South Korea
+1 (203) 840-5821
www.kormarine.com
27-29
High-Horsepower Summit
Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.
+1 (888) 993-0302
www.hhpsummit.com
27-30
Gastech
Singapore
+44 203 615 2847
www.gastechsingapore.com
EP Shanghai
As part of ASEAN POWER WEEK
Conference & Exhibition

1 3 September 2015
IMPACT Exhibition & Convention Centre
Bangkok, Thailand
www.powergenasia.com
INVESTING IN A SUSTAINABLE TOMORROW

MAKE PLANS TO BE PART OF ASIAS PREMIER POWER EVENT EVENT AND
JOIN OVER 7,500 POWER INDUSTRY PROFESSIONALS UNDER ONE ROOF
POWER-GEN Asia, as part of ASEAN Power Week alongside Renewable Energy World Asia and the POWER-GEN Asia
Financial Forum, has become the leading force in delivering a platform for the power industry to meet, share information on
the challenges facing the power industry and discuss solutions for advancing Asias energy future.
EARLY BIRD DISCOUNT SAVE OVER 10%

Register yourself and your colleagues by 1 August 2015 as conference delegates and benefit from the Early Bird Discount Rate,
plus free entry to the exhibition. There is no better place to meet the key decision makers in the power generation industry.
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REGISTER NOW AT WWW.POWERGENASIA.COM
Owned &
Produced by:
Presented by:
WW160.indd 1
PowerGEN_Asia_PGA_JulAug_WW.indd
1
Official Supporters:
10:32 AM
7/17/15 10:16
Boldface indicates shows and conferences in which Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide is participating.
A more complete listing of trade shows is available at www.dieselgasturbine.com/events/
2-5
1-4
3-5
Power-Gen International
Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.A.
+1 (918) 831-9160
www.power-gen.com
15-16
Power & Electricity World Africa

Johannesburg, South Africa
+27 11 516 4031
www.terrapinn.com/exhibition/
power-electricity-world-africa/
index.stm
feb
2016
3-6
Europort
Rotterdam, Netherlands
+31 10 293 32 50
www.europort.nl
dec
GlobalCon
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
+1 (770) 279-4392
www.globalconevent.com
8-10
Power Nigeria
Lagos, Nigeria
+971 4 336 5161
www.power-nigeria.com
1-3
9-10
Marintec China
Shanghai, China
+852 2827 6211
www.marintecchina.com
International Seminar Rotor

Dynamics & Bearing
Cologne, Germany
+49 2267 6585 0
www.arla-online.com
International Workboat Show

New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A.
+1 (207) 842-5442
www.workboatshow.com
mar
nov
Follow dgtww on:
22-25
Asia Turbomachinery & Pump

Symposium
Singapore
+1 (979) 845-7417
http://atps.tamu.edu
20-23
Western Turbine Users Group

Palm Springs, California, U.S.A.
+1 (513) 604-8018
www.wtui.com
21-23
1-3
Middle East Electricity (M.E.E.)

Dubai, United Arab Emirates
+971 4 407 2472
www.middleeastelectricity.com
Shipping
Stamford, Connecticut, U.S.A.
+1 (203) 406-0109 x3717
www.cmashipping2016.com
3340 Clark C ad_Layout 1 3/4/15 11:03 AM Page 1
Need Rugged, Explosion-Proof Solenoid Valves for

Gas Turbine, Fuel Plate, or Generator Applications?
Clark Cooper EH70 and ER Series Valves are currently being
installed in new or overhauled gas turbines, and are available with
a standard CRN or explosion-proof ETL certified coil for power
generation applications such as gas turbine fuel plate (diesel or
CNG) pollutant control, generator (trip valves) in hydrogen purge
systems for emergency shut down, and others.
ER Series
EH70 Series
EH70 Series Powerful,

full-port, universal mount, pilotassisted, direct operated valve
1/2 to 2 pipe sizes (2-way)
Pressure ratings from
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Temps ranging from
-350 to 400F
Stainless steel valve body
UL/CSA certified for
hazardous locations
ETL and CRN Listed
ER Series Customizable
rotary shaft, pilot or direct
operated, 2 or 3-way valve
1/2 to 6 pipe sizes (2-way)
and (3-way) options
Temps ranging from -350
cryogenic to 550F
Stainless steel, naval bronze,
and other valve body materials
Normally open or normally
closed designs
CRN Listed
Continuous duty coils for all AC/DC voltages

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For more information, call 856-829-4580,

E-mail: sales@clarkcooper.com or visit
www.clarkcooper.com.
ClarkCooper_Apr15_WW.indd 1
WW160.indd 2
S O L E N O I D VA LV E S F O R A DVA N C E D A P P L I CAT I O N S
a Division of Magnatrol Valve

941 Hamilton Avenue, Roebling, NJ 08554
3/4/15 6:02 PM
7/17/15 10:32 AM
NOISE & HEAT
reduction
Take The Heat
by Bo
Svensson
Brazed-plate heat exchangers are efficient,

compact and flexible
or almost all types of engines, be they reciprocating

engines or gas turbines, there is a need for reliable
cooling of various fluids. Sometimes there is also a requirement for heating fluids. One manufacturer, SWEP,
spoke about some of the advantages brazed-plate heat
exchangers (BPHE) offer for many applications.
The compactness of BPHEs is highly valued in oil-cooling applications for engines and other applications where space for
the heat exchanger is limited. Sometimes access for maintenance is restricted. The footprint of a BPHE unit is 60% smaller
than for a plate heat exchanger (PHE) with gaskets, and around
75% smaller than for a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (S&T),
SWEP said.
Another advantage offered by the BPHE is that it can be located vertically or horizontally as preferred, integrated in the
engine architecture. In an engine application, it can be lying
over the engine rather than placed alongside it.
SWEP BPHEs cover the needs of several different types of oil
cooling, e.g., hydraulic, engine and transmission oil cooling.
The latest and most challenging technology introduction to
the heat exchanger market has been the so-called XXL-range,
presently meaning 6 in. (152.4 mm) ports, said Henrik Bjerre,
project manager at SWEP. Increasing the size of a BPHE, and in
particular the port diameter, carries many technical challenges.
Manufacturing of these units fully depends on the capillary
forces to get the brazing material to the right location in the
right amount, which in turn requires extremely tight tolerances
over a large surface, for hundreds of stacked plates carrying
each others weight.
The SWEP XXL-range, including the B633 and B649

BPHEs, offers a heat transfer capacity above 11 NTU (heat
transfer units) and flow capacities up to 435 m3/hr in the
range of 10 to 50 kPa pressure drop when 90C water
is cooled with 60C water. This graph is based on 25 to
100% of maximum number of plates.
SWEPs XXL-range models B633 and B649 are suitable for applications such as engine-oil cooler, condenser and evaporator
in steam and Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) plants, and heat recovery in chillers. The company said these heat exchangers are
The asymmetric plate pattern
used by SWEP makes it
possible to optimize the
channel geometry according
to the application area, and
thereby combine excellent
heat transfer with a lowpressure drop and a reduced
fluid charge.
continued on page 12
The plate design of a symmetric

BPHE is always a compromise,
where thermal performance
is balanced against pressure
loss of fluids. Improving heat
transfer too much would result
in excessive pressure loss.
WW151.indd 1
10 July-August 2015
7/15/15 4:54 PM
Boosting Your Energy Options

New gas engines with two-stage turbocharging
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exibility and greater efciency. Discover the power of turbocharged MAN gas technology at www.mandieselturbo.com
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6/25/15 1:13 PM
NOISE & HEAT
reduction
The B633 is a high capacity BPHE, suitable for a

diversity of applications. Together with the larger
B649, these are the first heat exchangers on the
market with 152.4 mm connections.
the first BPHEs on the market with DN150 (152.4 mm) connections and offer capacities at high temperature and pressure on
par with PHE products without the wear and tear of parts. The
working pressure of the B633/B649 at 155C is 25 bar for the
inner and outer circuits of the exchanger.
BPHEs can be very efficient. Up to 95% of the material in a
brazed-plate heat exchanger is used to transfer heat, as op-
Up to 95% of the material in a

brazed-plate heat exchanger
is used to transfer heat.
Andreas Mller, segment manager,
Engines & Energy, SWEP
with less weight, footprint and internal volume than technologies like shell and tube, coaxial and plate-type heat exchangers.
SWEP said the plate design of a symmetric BPHE is a compromise, where thermal performance is balanced against
pressure loss of fluids. Improving heat transfer too much
would result in excessive pressure loss, which would reduce
the systems performance.
The asymmetric plate pattern we use makes it possible to
optimize the channel geometry according to the application
area, thereby combining excellent heat transfer with a low
pressure drop and a reduced fluid charge, Mller said. The
result is a powerful improvement of system efficiency and sustainability, taking into consideration both thermal and hydraulic performance as well as a reduced refrigerant charge. And
there is no need to do compromises.
Mller said SWEPs portfolio of products offers solutions to
cope with challenges ranging from extremely viscous transmission oil to copper-free alternatives for sensitive oil or aggressive water. A
The working
pressure of the
B649 at 155C
is 25 bar for the
inner as well as
for the outer
circuit of the
exchanger. The
same is valid
for the smaller
B633 BPHE.
posed to other technologies, which use much of their material

for support equipment, shell, or frames, said Andreas Mller,
segment manager, Engines & Energy. The benefit of this is savings in energy consumption, space, spare parts and transportation and installation.
AsyMatrix is SWEPs asymmetric plate design technology for
BPHEs. The asymmetric channel configuration combines maximum heat transfer on the oil side with minimum pressure drop
on the secondary side. The increased energy efficiency and
better use of the structural material delivers a more sustainable
solution in suitable applications.
BPHEs offer the best performance-to-size ratio of heat transfer technologies available today, the company said. The selfsupporting plate geometry of a BPHE delivers high performance
WW151.indd 2
12 July-August 2015
7/15/15 4:55 PM
MTU_JA15_WW.indd 1
6/10/15 10:15 AM
High-voltage MIL-SPEC
panel protection.
Military Orders Rigorous Controls
by Ian
Cameron
Performance, reliability are key factors
echnology supplied by companies for use in military applications must be designed and
manufactured to the highest
standards to ensure that it
performs correctly and reliably. Equipment and components have
to meet stringent standards of performance to comply with what is known as
MIL-SPEC (United States defense standard) standards.
CMR Group (Controle Mesure Regulation) supplies MIL-SPEC-grade marine engine control equipment, instrumentation,
controls and power management for offshore, marine, engine and industrial applications. Core product groups include electronics and software, custom engineering
solutions, fuel systems, industrial sensors,
switchboards and wiring systems.
Three critical areas for military applications of marine engine control equipment are as follows:
vibration testing of shipboard equip-
ment for electromagnetic compatibility (MIL-S-167, rev. 1A)

e
lectromagnetic interference (MILS-461, rev. F)
h
igh-impact mechanical shock testing requirements for shipboard machinery (MIL-S-901, rev. D)
While MIL-STD 461 is the basis for
electromagnetic compliance for most
navies around the world, most civilian
organizations, including CMR Group
and its customers, use these specifications to test component robustness in
harsh environments with high electromagnetic pollution, which can be applied to nonmilitary oriented products,
said Flavio Massariello, deputy technical
manager, engine controls department
at CMR Group France. This is because
MIL-STD 461 effectively establishes
verification requirements for immunity
from electromagnetic interference
emissions and susceptibility applied
to electronic, electrical and electrome-
WW150.indd 1
chanical equipment and subsystems,

which may be designed or procured for
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) navies and other international
naval organizations and agencies.
He added that all CMR Group MILSPEC equipment is designed and classified as essential to the safety and
continued combat capability of end
users and provide continuous performance throughout the product operational life.
Massariello said that in addition to
compliance with previously mentioned
critical performance criteria, equipment
is also compliant with the following, in
which compliance is maintained by continuous review and analysis:
M
IL-STD-108 E, Definitions of Basic
Requirements for Enclosures for Electric and Electronic Equipment
M
IL-DTL-2212 J, Contactors and Controllers, Electric Motor AC or DC, and
Associated Switching Devices
14 July-August 2015
7/15/15 4:58 PM
Controls, Sensors &

instrumentation
Resilient MIL-SPEC panel mounts.
MIL-E-2036 D, Enclosure for Electric and Electronic Equipment, Naval

Shipboard
DOD-STD-2143, Magnetic Silencing
Requirements
MIL-E-917 E, Electric Power Equipment Basic Requirements
MIL-P-15024 E, Plates, Tags, and
Bands for Identification of Equipment
MIL-STD-454 N, Standard General Requirements for Electronic Equipment
CMR Group can deliver high-performance products for the naval fleet
environment one of the harshest
and most demanding in the marine
sector, Massariello said. With our detailed knowledge of military standards,
CMR Group brings real added value as
a technical partner in consulting original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)
to guide them through the labyrinth of
military standards, evaluating the appropriate solutions and identifying the most
robust and cost-effective solutions.
This is an approach thats proven successful for CMR Group in the work undertaken for customers in the marine
sector, reflected in contracts for the
provision for, among others, propulsion and power generation control systems for engines that need specifically
engineered MIL-SPEC technology for
applications based upon CMR Groups

CLARINUX Local Control Panel (LCP)
system and featuring the latest SCM-2
WW150.indd 2
Shinkawa_June14_WW.indd 1
module technology (signal acquisition).

These developments deliver added
value, giving the CLARINUX system
the ability to handle multiple sensor interfaces for the monitoring,
management and control of a wide
range of engine performances and
functions. CMR Groups Clarine-121
304.3 mm display unit can be integrated within the control panel for
full graphic display, and is compatible
with engine control units electronic
controller parameters (high-pressure
common rails engines, gas engines,
dual-fuel engines, electronic fuel injection engines).
Stainless-steel control panels can be
designed and built in compliance with
military standards of shock, vibration
and electromagnetic interference and
low magnetic signature. Evidence of
the compatibility of the system to these
specialist standards has been confirmed
by testing in French and other European
government laboratories." A
15 July-August 2015
7/15/15 4:58 PM
5/12/14 10:43 AM
Cylinder Pressure-Based Controls In

High Power Density Gas Engines
Prechamber control loop based on miniaturized cylinder pressure
Es 10 MW Jenbacher J920
FleXtra gas engine offers
one of the best electrical
efficiencies in its class and
is designed for durability,
simple installation, and maintainability.
It consists of three modules, including
a generator, engine and turbocharger
auxiliary module, in a prefabricated,
standardized generator-set module.
Based on the experience of GEs type
6 gas engine combustion systems, the
J920 Jenbacher FleXtra unit is equipped
with an advanced prechamber combustion system with spark ignition. Individual gas mixing is achieved by port
injection in combination with cylinder

specific sensors to allow each cylinder
to be controlled to operate at optimal
performance. The J920 FleXtra mechanical structure is designed to allow peak
firing pressure well above 200 bar.
The J920 FleXtra is equipped with the
next generation of GEs Jenbacher gas
engine management system with cylinder individual optimization, adaptive
condition-based controls, protection of
core components and an intelligent safe
operation mode.
The most important aim in the J920
FleXtra design was to ensure a superior efficiency at high brake mean ef-
fective pressure levels, which on gas

engines implies using a lean-burn
combustion concept. This is due to the
fact that the operating range of the
engine narrows down.
The limit toward a richer combustion
without EGR is the tendency of a gas
engine to knock and misfire. Misfiring
happens when the in-cylinder mixture
becomes leaner. In this case, it is not
possible to properly ignite the mixture
any more, and it is scavenged to the exhaust. This leads not only to an obvious
drop in efficiency, but represents a significant increase in hydrocarbon emissions as well.
This technical paper by GEs Jenbacher gas engines product line was presented at the Dessau Gas Engine Conference 2015. Authors
are: H. Kopecek, N. Spyra, A. Birgel, K. Spreitzer, C. Trapp. Special contributions regarding software auto-coding and engine controller
implementation led by Michael Waldhart is well appreciated by the authors.
GEs J920 Jenbacher FleXtra gas engine has been

designed based on the experience of GEs type 6 gas
engine combustion systems, and is equipped with
an advanced prechamber combustion system with
spark ignition and individual-cylinder gas mixing.
This engine features the next generation of GEs
Jenbacher gas engine management system with
cylinder individual optimization.
WW161.indd 1
16 July-August 2015
7/16/15 1:14 PM
Coming Online
The Evolution Of
Gas Turbines For
Power Generation
By Dr. Rakesh K. Bhargava
WW_GT_Poster_GTxcel.indd 1
7/23/15 11:19 AM
Coming Online
The Evolution Of Gas Tur

June 1903
Worlds First Gas
Turbine With Net
Power Output
Jens William gidius Elling

in Norway designed and
constructed a gas turbine with
a net power output of 8.1 kW.
The design included intercooling and use of steam injection.
Design Features: P: 8.1 kW; TIT:
400C; PR: 7; Compressor: six
stages (centrifugal); Turbine:
one stage (radial)
A
B
C
D
E
F
W
S
G
T
Air Intake
Compressor, Three Stages
Double-Entry Centrifugal
Impellers + Three Stages
Single-Entry Impellers,
Water Injection Between
The Stages, h = 70+%
Compressed Air Bleed
Combustion Chamber
With Insulation
Fuel Feed
Water Cooler
Water Supply
Steam Duct
Exhaust
Turbine, Centripetal Type,
Dia 275 mm, h = 70+%
July 1939
Worlds First Utility-Type Gas Turbin

Became Operational
First Large Commercial Gas

Turbine Became Operational
The first large commercial gas turbine was a BBC

(now Alstom) unit driven by flue gases from a
Houdry Cracking process at Marcus Hook
Refinery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
The first utility-type gas turbine supplied by BBC

(now Alstom) became operational at Neuchatel
power station in Neuchatel, Switzerland. After m
than 60 years of service, it was moved to a muse
at Alstoms facility in Birr, Switzerland, in 2002. It
became one of ASMEs Mechanical Engineering
Landmarks in 1988.
Design Features: P: 4 MW; TIT: 547C; PR: 4.4; sc:

17.4%; Compressor: 23 stages; Turbine: seven sta
Design Features: P: 900 kW; TIT: 510C; PR: 3.1
December 1936
1995-1996
June 1990
Annular Hybrid Burner Ring Combustor

Technology Introduced
Worlds First Closed-Loop,
Steam Cooling Of Stationary
HGP Components
MHIs M501G, installed at the T-Point plant in a 1x1

combined-cycle configuration in Takasago, Japan,
was the worlds first closed-loop, steam-cooled gas
turbine (only for combustors transitions and stageone blade ring).
First F-Class Gas Tu
GE introduced the first F-c

range of 1200 to 1300C).
(model PG7191F became o
Electric & Powers Chesterf
was also GEs first impleme
drive instead of hot-end d
Siemens 60 Hz V84.3A (new designation SGT6-4000F),

an upgrade to the V84.3, used annular hybrid burner
ring combustor technology instead of the twin-silo
combustor design. The unit also utilized Pratt and
Whitneys aero-engine technology in the compressor
and turbine sections to enhance performance.
Horizontal-Silo Combustor
Configuration Introduced
Siemens changed its combustor design on the

60 Hz V84.3 gas turbine from the vertical-silo
configuration used on the V84.2 and earlier
models to a horizontal-silo configuration,
resulting in reduced cooling-air requirements.
Design Features: P: 254 MW; TIT: 1500C class;

PR: 20; sc: 38.7%; Compressor: 17 stages; Turbine:
four stages
Design Features: P: 150 M

13.5; sc: 34.5%; Compress
three stages
1993-1994
February 1997
Sponsored By:
7/23/15 11:20 AM
ine
By Dr. Rakesh K. Bhargava
as Turbines For Power Generation

June 1949
ty-Type Gas Turbine

onal
U.S. Entered Gas Turbine Power

Generation Market
turbine supplied by BBC

perational at Neuchatel
atel, Switzerland. After more
, it was moved to a museum
r, Switzerland, in 2002. It
Mechanical Engineering
W; TIT: 547C; PR: 4.4; sc:

stages; Turbine: seven stages
A GE Model 3001A installed at the Belle Isle station

of Oklahoma Gas & Electric Co. in Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma, U.S.A., was the first gas turbine used for
utility power generation in the United States. The
gas turbine was declared an ASME National Historic
Mechanical Engineering Landmark in 1984.
First Gas Turbine With Intercooling,

Reheat And Recuperation
Design Features: P: 3.5 MW; TIT: 760C; PR: 6;

Compressor: 15 stages; Turbine: two stages
Using an intercooled, reheat and recuperated Brayton

cycle, the gas turbine supplied by BBC (now Alstom)
and installed at a power plant in Beznau, Switzerland,
became the most efficient gas turbine at the time.
1946
1961
June 1990
1968
First F-Class Gas Turbine
Design Features: P: 150 MW; TIT: 1260C class; PR:

3.5; sc: 34.5%; Compressor: 18 stages; Turbine:
hree stages
The plant built by Austrian utility NEWAG

at Korneuburg A power station in Austria
consisted of two BBC (now Alstom) gas
turbines (Type 12), each rated at 25 MW with
26% simple-cycle thermal efficiency and
one steam turbine rated at 25 MW. The gas
turbines were designed with intercooling.
Design Features: Pnet (cc): 75 MW; TIT: 625C;
PR: 12; cc: 32%
Design Features: P: 27 MW; TIT: 650C; PR: 8; sc: 34%
GE introduced the first F-class gas turbine (TIT

ange of 1200 to 1300C). The first Frame 7F
model PG7191F became operational at Virginia
lectric & Powers Chesterfield power station)
was also GEs first implementation of cold-end
rive instead of hot-end drive.
Worlds First CombinedCycle Plant
First Commercialized
Complete Radial Design
Gas Turbine
GTCC Plant Achieved Record Net
Thermal Efficiency Of 47%
An Austrian utility, NEWAG, commissioned a 125 MW plant in a 1x1

combined-cycle configuration using one BBC (now Alstom) GT13D gas
turbine at the Korneuburg B plant near Vienna, Austria, and achieved
the highest combined-cycle thermal efficiency of the time, 47%.
Design Features: P: 81 MW; TIT: 990C, PR: 9.3; sc: 31.8%; Compressor:
17 stages; Turbine: five stages
June 1980
The first complete radial design

gas turbine, the Kongsberg
Vapenfabrikk AS (now DresserRand) Model KG2, became operational at the Norwegian Water
& Electricity Board in a standby
power generation service in
Lofoten, Norway.
Design Features: P: 1.2 MW; sc:
15.4%; Compressor: one stage;
Turbine: one stage
First Industrial
Aeroderivative Gas
Turbine Introduced
For Power Generation
Pratt and Whitneys first

FT4 two-spool gas turbine,
derived from its J75 aircraft
engine, became operational at
Edgemoore power station of
Delmarva Power & Light Co.
Design Features: P: 15 MW;
LPT: two stages; HPT: one
stage; PT: three stages
April 1963
Sponsored By:
7/23/15 11:28 AM
First Use Of Single-Crystal Casting

Rotor Blades In Industrial Gas Turbines
Siemens used single-crystal technology in heavyduty machines (first two stages of its V84.3A gas
turbine) to increase the TIT range and improve
material strength and other mechanical properties of
rotor blades. The first V84.3A (new designation SGT64000F) was installed at Kansas City Power & Lights
Hawthorn station in Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.A.
December 1997
Sep
Annular Sequential Combustion System Introduced
First
Of S
Com
ABB (now Alstom) introduced the annular sequential combustion system

in its GT24 gas turbine, which first became operational at Jersey Central
Power & Light Co.s Gilbert power station in Milford, New Jersey, U.S.A.
The annular combustion system included two annular combustion
chambers, called EV (EnVironmental) and SEV (Sequential EnVironmental), respectively. The system allowed increasing gas turbine thermal
efficiency without increasing TIT value, and also resulted in lower
NOX emissions.
Design Features: P: 166 MW; TIT:
1260C class; PR: 30; sc: 37.9%;
Compressor: 22 stages;
HPT: one stage; LPT:
four stages
Only Industrial Aeroderivative Gas

Turbine With Three Spools First
Introduced For Power Generation
Rolls-Royces three-spool Trent-60 gas turbine, derived

from its Trent 800 aircraft engine, became operational at
Whitby cogeneration plant in Whitby, Ontario, Canada,
in a cogeneration application. The machine can operate
in 50/60 Hz application without using a gearbox.
Design Features: P: 51.2 MW; PR: 35; sc: 42%; LPC:
two stages; IPC: eight stages; HPC: six stages; LPT: five
stages; IPT: one stage; HPT: one stage
Design Features: P: 167 MW; TIT: 1300C class; PR: 17;

sc: 38%; Compressor: 15 stages; Turbine: four stages
GE wa
rotatin
50 Hz
config
Wales
pared
Desig
480 M
class;
Comp
Turbin
September 1998
June 1997
July 2011
June 2014
First GTCC Plant To

Surpass 61% Efficiency
GT Combustion
Technology Achieved
Less Than 1 ppm NOX
Oxidation combustion,
developed by Ener-Core, was
implemented with Flex Energys
microturbine (Model MT250
rated at 250 kW) burning
low-calorie landfill gas and
successfully demonstrated NOX
emissions less than 1 ppm. The
unit was installed at Atteros
landfill facility located in Schinnen, Netherlands.
50 MW Class Gas Turbine Achieves

39.5% Efficiency
Siemens twin-shaft gas turbine, the SGT-750,

achieved 39.5% efficiency in a cogeneration application at Wingas Oil & Gas Co.s landfall station
of Nord Stream pipeline in Lubmin, Germany.
Design Features: P: 37.03 MW; TIT: 1260C; PR: 23.8;
sc: 39.5%; GGC: 13 stages: GGT: two stages; PT:
two stages
December 2013
MHIs (now MHPS) first 501J gas turbine using a

steam-cooled combustor and first-stage turbine
blade ring, installed in a 1x1 combined-cycle
arrangement at T-Point plant in Takasago, Japan,
surpassed 61% efficiency.
Design Features: P: 327 MW; TIT: 1600C class; PR: 23;
sc: 41%; Compressor: 15 stages; Turbine: four stages
First Operating Ai
H-Class Gas Turbin
Siemens first air-cooled 50 Hz H-class

bine, the SGT5-8000H, installed in a s
combined-cycle configuration, becam
tional at E.ONs Irsching-4 plant (now
rich Hartman). During testing, the pla
578 MW and 60.75% net efficiency.
Design Features: P: 375 MW; TIT: 148

PR: 19.2; sc: 40%; Compressor: 13 sta
Turbine: four stages
July 2011
Sponsored By:
7/23/15 11:28 AM
e Gas
rst
ation
urbine, derived
me operational at
ntario, Canada,
ine can operate
gearbox.
42%; LPC:
ages; LPT: five
September 2003
December 2004
First Closed-Loop Steam Cooling

Of Stationary And Rotating HGP
Components
Small Gas Turbine Reached

38.5% Efficiency
GE was first to use closed-loop steam cooling of both

rotating and stationary hot gas path components on its
50 Hz 9H gas turbine in a single-shaft combined-cycle
configuration at Baglan Bay power station in South
Wales, U.K. The unit featured a four-stage turbine compared to three stages in previous GE models.
Design Features: Pnet (cc):
480 MW; TRIT: 1400C
class; PR: 23; cc: ~60%;
Compressor: 18 stages;
Turbine: four stages
60 m Long Single-Shaft BFG-Fired GTCC
The worlds largest BFG-fired plant used MHIs M701F gas

turbine in a single-shaft combined-cycle arrangement
with total shaft length of about 60 m. The gas turbine
was installed at Kimitsu Cooperative Thermal Power Co.s
Unit No. 5 in Chiba Prefecture in Japan. The gas turbine,
with TIT of 1300C, produced net plant output of 300 MW
at 50% net thermal efficiency.
June 2004
Solar Turbines achieved high efficiency (38.5%) and low NOx

emissions (5 ppmv) in a unit with a power rating less than
5 MW. The first Mercury 50 gas turbine, developed as a part of
the U.S. Department of Energys ATS program and installed at
San Diego Veterans Administration hospital in La Jolla, California, U.S.A., was a single-shaft machine
utilizing recuperated Brayton cycle and
implemented with ultra-lean premix combustion technology.
Design Features:
P: 4.6 MW; TIT:
1093C; PR: 9.9; sc:
38.5%; Compressor:
10 stages; Turbine:
two stages
May 2005
January 2010
100 MW Class Simple Brayton
Cycle GT Exceeded 38% Efficiency
First Operating Air-Cooled
H-Class Gas Turbine
st air-cooled 50 Hz H-class gas turGT5-8000H, installed in a single-shaft

cycle configuration, became operaONs Irsching-4 plant (now called Ulan). During testing, the plant achieved
d 60.75% net efficiency.
The first Hitachi (now MHPS) H-80 50 Hz

dual-shaft gas turbine, developed for drop-in
repowering of existing 100 MW class CCPP and
installed at Shin Oita Power Station of Kyushu
Electric Power in Aosaki, Japan, exceeded 38%
efficiency.
Design Features: P: 112.4 MW; TRIT: 1488C;
PR: 19.3; sc: 38.2%; GGC: 17 stages; GGT: two
stages; PT: two stages
tures: P: 375 MW; TIT: 1488C class;

: 40%; Compressor: 13 stages;
ur stages
011
Downgrade Achieves Higher Efficiency

Worlds HighestEfficiency Gas Turbine
GEs first LMS-100PA gas turbine with intercooled Brayton cycle entered commercial
operation in a simple cycle peaking service
at Basin Electric Power Cooperatives Groton
Generation Station near Groton, South Dakota,
U.S.A. This two-spool aeroderivative gas
turbine was derived from GEs CF6 class aircraft
engine and heavy duty machine MS6001FA.
Siemens V94.2A gas turbine (new designation

SGT5-3000E) was designed by downgrading the
V94.3A (new designation SGT5-4000F) to achieve
higher efficiency than its predecessor, the V94.2
(new designation SGT5-2000E). While improvements are typically achieved through upgrades, the
downgrade of the later model improved efficiency
from 34.7% to 36.8%. The first modified unit became
operational at BASF Ludwigshafen chemical complex
in a cogeneration application.
Design Features: P: 103 MW; TIT: 1380C; PR:

42; sc: 44%; LPC: six stages; HPC: 14 stages;
HPT: two stages; IPT: two stages and PT:
five stages
July 2006
Sponsored By:
7/23/15 11:29 AM
140
1800
Gas Turbine Ordered
Capacity
120
1400
100
1200
1000
80
800
60
600
40
400
Yearly Capacity (GW)
Gas Turbine Units (Qty)
1600
20
200
77-78
78-79
79-80
80-81
81-82
82-83
83-84
84-85
85-86
86-87
87-88
88-89
89-90
90-91
91-92
92-93
93-94
94-95
95-96
96-97
97-98
98-99
99-00
00-01
01-02
02-03
03-04
04-05
05-06
06-07
07-08
08-09
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
(Data Courtesy Of Diesel & Gas Turbine

Worldwide Order Survey)
Rakesh Bhargava
April 2015
Year
Gas Turbine Order Trends (1977-2014)

70
Efficiency (%)
60
50
40
Heavy-Duty
Aeroderivative
M501J
Heavy-Duty (CC)
Aeroderivative (CC)
LM6000PG
LMS-100
L-30A
Beznau
30
20
Neuchtal
Belle Isle
10
0
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
Rakesh Bhargava
April 2015
Year
Thermal Efficiency Power Generation Application (1939-2014)

Sponsored By:
Diesel & Gas Turbine
Sourcing Guide
7/23/15 11:29 AM
1-2 MW
2-10 MW
10-30 MW
30-60 MW
60-120 MW
>180 MW
120-180 MW
100
60
40
20
77-78
78-79
79-80
80-81
81-82
82-83
83-84
84-85
85-86
86-87
87-88
88-89
89-90
90-91
91-92
92-93
93-94
94-95
95-96
96-97
97-98
98-99
99-00
00-01
01-02
02-03
03-04
04-05
05-06
06-07
07-08
08-09
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
% Of Yearly Total
80

Rakesh Bhargava
April 2015
Year
Global Gas Turbine Orders History By Power Range (1977-2014)

North America
Central & South America
Africa
Western Europe
Central, South East Asia

& Australia
Far East
Middle East
Eastern Europe & Russia
% Of Yearly Total
100
80
60
40

Year
2014
2013
2011
2012
2010
2009
08-09
07-08
06-07
05-06
04-05
03-04
02-03
01-02
00-01
99-00
98-99
97-98
96-97
95-96
94-95
93-94
92-93
91-92
90-91
89-90
88-89
87-88
86-87
85-86
84-85
83-84
82-83
81-82
80-81
79-80
78-79
77-78
20
Rakesh Bhargava
April 2015
Global Gas Turbine Orders History By Region (1977-2014)
7/23/15 11:29 AM
This poster was developed by Dr. Rakesh

Bhargava, founder and president of Innovative Turbomachinery Technologies.
Dr. Bhargava is a Fellow of ASME and an
active member of the API Committee
on Standards on Mechanical Equipment
(SOME). He has more than 35 years of experience with gas turbines, rotating and
reciprocating machines and packaged
process equipment, and delivers lectures,
papers and training on gas turbine and rotating equipment technology and issues.
He would like to thank Dr. Carlos Koeneke,
Ron Natole, Septimus Van Der Linden,
John Mcllvoy and gas turbine manufacturers for sharing the requested information.
Nomenclature & Acronyms

ATS
Advanced Turbine System
BFG
Blast Furnace Gas
CCPP Combined-Cycle Power Plant
GGC
Gas Generator Compressor
GGT
Gas Generator Turbine
GTCC Gas Turbine Combined Cycle
HPC
High-Pressure Compressor
HPT
High-Pressure Turbine
IPC
Intermediate-Pressure Compressor
IPT
Intermediate-Pressure Turbine
LPC
Low-Pressure Compressor
LPT
Low-Pressure Turbine
MPC
Medium-Pressure Compressor
P
Power (MW)
Pnet(cc) Net Output of CCPP
PR
Pressure Ratio (-)
PT
Power Turbine
TIT
Turbine Inlet Temperature (C)
TRIT
Turbine Rotor Inlet Temperature (C)
cc Thermal Efficiency
Combined Cycle (%)
Thermal Efficiency Simple Cycle (%)
sc
Delivered 10 times per year to more than 21 000

global subscribers, Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide is
the leading authority for prime-mover products, technologies and news. Available in print and digital form,
you can subscribe for free at www.dieselgasturbine.
com/subscribe/.
For a complete list of references, visit

dgtww.co/GTPower
2015 Diesel & Gas Turbine Publications
7/23/15 11:30 AM
CONTROLS, SENSORS &

instrumentation
taining an ignitable mixture. Hence

the design of the engine has separate
pipes for air and fuel gas. The gas is fed
to each individual cylinder just in front
of the intake ports by means of port injection (PI) valves. With this separated
approach, safety is increased and additional benefits with respect to controls are achieved. However, due to the
knocking tendency of gas engines, a homogenous mixture in the cylinder has to
be achieved through the advanced port
design of the J920 FleXtra.
Central low-pressure gas admission,
widely used in gas engines with less
than 5 MWel, offers a robust and cost
efficient solution for mixing gas with air.
For larger gas engines in the 10 MWel
range, port injection is the innovative
mixing concept. The advantages of
higher efficiency, better transient behavior and eliminating the risk of deflagration compensate the higher effort
compared to central gas mixing.
The main challenge for port-injection
WW161.indd 2
gas mixing is the short time for mixture

preparation. If fuel gas is admitted too
early into the intake port, the gas can
potentially flow to the next cylinders
downstream of the PI valve or the gas
can slip through the cylinder into the
exhaust duct during valve overlap. Admitting the gas too late would not allow
all the gas to enter the cylinder within
the next cycle. Residual gas is accumulated at the intake port and it is potentially purged into the exhaust duct as
hydrocarbon slip during the next gas
exchange cycle.
Especially for engines with early Miller
cycle, valve overlap and two-stage turbocharged engines with high scavenging
differential pressure, the time frame for
proper gas admission is less than 20 m/s.
Using port injection instead of a central gas mixer adds challenges as well as
opportunities to the control strategy of
the engine. Cylinder-individual gas admission valves close to the intake valves
offer the possibility to act on the gas
To move this limit to higher lambda ratios, an innovative prechamber design is

used on the J920 FleXtra, with the spark
plug placed in a chamber separated
from the main combustion chamber.
This prechamber is connected to the
main combustion chamber via several
bores. After ignition, the flame torches
from the combustion reach into the
main combustion chamber and ensure
the very lean mixture is ignited.
The misfire limit can therefore be
shifted and the operation range of the
engine can be extended. Lower hydrocarbon emissions are produced due to
less flame quenching effects.
To achieve high lambda combustion
in combination with advanced Miller
valve timing, very high boosting pressures are necessary. For this, GE is using a two-stage turbocharging layout
that achieves increased pressure ratio
at efficiencies higher than 75%.
To charge the J920 FleXtra with mixture would lead to big volumes con-
17 July-August 2015
7/16/15 1:14 PM
The chart displays the results of different

engine operation, in terms of air mass flow
versus indicated mean effective pressure.
Typical start-up behavior of the J920 FleXtra. The gas

engine is able to reach full load in less than five minutes
after the request under preheated conditions.
amount of the cylinder within the next

cycle. For idle speed control, fast load
rejection like in isolated mode, or grid
code compliance, the gas admission
to individual cylinders can be stopped,

and the engines power output reduced
from one cycle to another.
On the J920 FleXtra engine, the overall
WW161.indd 3
gas amount of all PI valves is controlled

by GEs Jenbacher Leanox concept. But
having a gas admission valve for each
cylinder requires a strategy to control
and adjust the gas amount and the ignition timing for each cylinder. Each PI
valve has flow tolerances, aging effects
and different boundary conditions at
the inlet and outlet due to oscillations in
the gas and in the air rail.
The J920 FleXtra closed loop control
concept with cylinder-pressure-based
combustion feedback makes the gas admission not only robust against different boundary conditions and changes
over the lifetime, but it also optimizes
each cylinder individually.
Closed-loop, pressure-based control allows not only operating the J920 engine
in an optimum mode when the engine
is new, but also to react on degradation
of the engine during its lifetime.
To be robust over the engines lifetime,
the controller is set up in steps: in a first
step the signals are checked for plausibility, and the status of the engine as
well as the status of each cylinder is assessed. In a next step the engine controller decides how to operate each cylinder based on the signals.
If abnormal combustion like knock occurs on a cylinder, the engine controller stabilizes the combustion. In case
a signal of a sensor is inaccurate or
shows significant noise, the cylinder is
operated in a safe mode, which is based
on the settings of the latest cycles with
proper signals.
The port injection valves are key components for the J920 FleXtra engine as they
impact the engine performance cycleby-cycle. The requirement on accuracy is
high; the flow of the valves has to be very
precise from cycle-to-cycle, and tightness is key to good controllability. For
long service intervals and short engine
downtime, the valves have to withstand
several hundred million cycles without a
significant decrease in performance.
Besides traditional benchmark criteria like highest full-load efficiency and
lowest emissions, gas engines are contiunually facing additional challenges
18 July-August 2015
7/16/15 1:15 PM
CONTROLS, SENSORS &

instrumentation
on transient performance and grid code

compliance. Fast-raising segments like
peaking or other applications related to
ancillary services require power plants
with fast load-tracking capabilities without any tradeoff in plant efficiency or
start-up reliability. Besides a robust
and at the same time versatile mechanical and thermodynamic design of
the engine, the control strategy plays a
key role here.
Key technology to be able to meet all
these requirements is the J920 FleXtra
cylinder individual combustion control
system making use of in-cylinder pressure sensing, distributed controllers with
embedded software architecture, the
main controller and the cylinder individual gas supply via port injection valves.
The in-cylinder pressure sensors are
specially designed to withstand the
harsh conditions regarding peak firing
pressures and temperatures inside the
cylinders. At the same time, these sensors, together with the corresponding
signal conditioning units, must maintain
an accuracy of less than 1% of full scale
over the whole operation range.
Besides a robust sensor design, it is important to develop adequate software
features that immediately detect any
sensor failures before any subsequent
control action on that ill-conditioned
signal could take place. A whole set of
such algorithms is implemented on the
J920 FleXtra engine controller to reliably detect and classify any fault of the
pressure signal.
Based on the fault classification performed by the main controller, the engine
is either intended to stop or can be further
operated under limited conditions.
The engine controller uses the cyclebased combustion information to calculate the optimum amount of gas as
well as the optimum ignition timing for
each cylinder individually. Hence, engine
operation at maximized efficiency is ensured under different boundary conditions like requested load, gas quality,
intake air temperature or ambient conditions. The system especially reduces the
spread of peak firing pressures among
different cylinders, trying to locate the

cylinder-individual optimum for different operation conditions.
Under transient load events, the controller immediately adapts the existing control optimization algorithms for highest
steady state efficiency automatically to
maintain fast load response of the engine.
Besides its very high efficiency level
WW161.indd 4
Harco_May15_WW.indd 1
and low emissions, the J920 engine is

able to ramp up and down in power at
80 kW/s, and takes about 100 from zero
to full load and reverse. Further, this engine is capable of operating as the single
power-generation unit in isolated grids,
ensuring high stability and low impact
on grid frequency and voltage in case of
fast load steps. A
19 July-August 2015
7/20/15
AM
2/19/15 10:32
9:43 AM
Binsfeld Engineering Inc. has released

the TorqueTrak TPM2 torque and power monitoring system for marine, energy and power generation applications.
The TPM2 model features a digital
RS422 full duplex, serial interface with
user selectable sample rates ranging
from 10 to 4800 samples per second.
Signal resolution is 15 bits for eight input ranges from 0 to 32 mV/V down to
0 to 0.25 mV/V.
The TPM2 uses strain gage technology
and does not require shaft modification or machine disassembly, Binsfeld
said. The system is ideal for continuous
long-term measurement and available
for shaft diameters from 19 to 1016 mm.
www.binsfeld.com
Ball Valves
Fan Drive Upgrade
Torque Monitoring System
featured products
Horton Inc. introduced the first generation of its line of complete fan and
fan drive upgrade packages available
for towable generator sets.
Currently available for a number of Caterpillar and Multiquip gen-sets, the upgrade packages are designed to improve
the performance of units operating with
first-fit direct drive fans, Horton said. The
packages key component, Hortons variable speed fan drive, ensures that the
units fan turns at the optimal speed to
provide proper engine cooling.
In addition to engine cooling, the upgrade packages provide decreased radiator clogging, reduced operating noise
and potential fuel savings up to 10%.
www.hortonww.com
Emerson Process Management has

introduced the Fisher Z500 line of
metal-seated ball valves.
The valves are engineered to withstand higher temperatures, pressures,
and erosive conditions than a standard
on/off ball valve, the company said. A
bi-directional sealing design offers a
solution to process backpressure and
shutoff requirements in both flow directions, safeguarding control valves
and other equipment in the line.
Fisher Z500 valves are designed with
an integral metal seat and self-energized metal body gasket to help eliminate leak paths and withstand extreme
temperature changes, Emerson said.
www.emersonprocess.com
W&O INTRODUCES
by GF Piping Systems
YOUR SOURCE FOR THE ONLY USCG APPROVED MARINE THERMOPLASTIC PIPING SYSTEM
W&O is the proud North American distributor for the groundbreaking SeaCor piping systems from Georg
Fischer the first and only commercially available United States Coast Guard-Approved (USCG) marine
thermoplastic piping system in the world. SeaCor is also the only thermoplastic piping system that meets
the requirements of Transport of Canada. Light in weight and long-lasting, the corrosion-resistant SeaCor
piping system is a unique, cost-saving solution to optimize vessel performance.
Transport
Canada
No. 164.141/36/0
Pipe
W&O.indd 1
WW_JulyAugust_Products.indd
1
Valves
Fittings
800.962.9696 wosupply.com
|
Actuation
Engineered Solutions
7/17/15
4/10/15 12:15
1:58 PM
Controls, Sensors &

instrumentation
Variohm EuroSensors new SST300 single- or dual-axis

inclinometers offer high precision in a small package
just 50 mm in diameter and about 50 mm in height.
On The Level
Variohm EuroSensor rolls out

new inclinometer
ariohm EuroSensor introduced its SST300 series

single or dual axis inclinometers with a combined
absolute accuracy of 0.01. The sensor is available in
six measurement ranges up to 60 and offers optional
temperature drift accuracy of 0.05 at ambient temperatures between -40 and 85C.
The company said the SST300 series offers high precision for
other important measurement parameters, including crossaxis sensitivity, offset, repeatability and hysteresis.
The compact cylindrical sensor measures just 50 mm in diameter with a nominal height of around 50 mm. Three fixing slots on
the base flange and a generous installation misalignment factor
makes for a straightforward setup of the sensor, Variohm said.
The inclinometer is approved for IP67 protection and has a high
resilience to shock and vibration. The company said it also has a
mean time between failures rating from 25 000 hours up.
The new SST300 series is suited to demanding tilt monitoring
applications, including drilling platforms and structural monitoring. The series includes a wide range of options for output,
mechanical installation and electrical connection. A choice of
interfaces is available, as for example RS232, RS485, CANopen,
as well as integrated mil-spec connectors.
Variohm EuroSensor designs, manufactures and sources a
comprehensive range of sensor technologies for linear and
rotary position, load, force, vibration and temperature, for applications in agriculture, construction, and research markets. A
WW154.indd 1
Kiene
7/7/04
3:33 PM
Page 1
SIMPLE. RUGGED. RELIABLE.

KIENE Cylinder Pressure Indicators
for measuring diesel engine
firing pressures...
Easy to use simple and reliable.
Reduce maintenance costs.
Improve engine availability.
Use to balance cylinders.
Pinpoint engine problems.
Optimize fuel consumption.
Fits any standard indicator valve.
Recommended and used by major
engine builders.
Minimal investment to monitor engine condition.
Contact us now for more information.
KIENE
DIESEL ACCESSORIES, INC.
Phone: 1-800-264-5950
Fax: 630-543-5953
www.kienediesel.com
E-mail: info@kienediesel.com
21 July-August 2015
7/16/15 1:23 PM
Controls, Sensors &

instrumentation
The Altronic Telematics

System is an engine
and compressor
automation platform
with built-in telematics
for remote diagnostics
and set point control.
Collaborative Concoction
Altronic, Enbase Energy Technology introduce
the Altronic Telematics System
ltronic and Enbase Energy Technology have collaborated to

create the Altronic Teematics
System (ATS). The system
is an engine and compressor automation platform with built-in
telematics for remote diagnostics and
set point control. ATS also includes a mobile application and analytics dashboard
that drives engine and compressor optimization and uptime performance.
There is no third-party hardware and
no field supervisory control and data
acquisition (SCADA) wiring required,
according to Altronic, allowing operators and packagers to receive critical information wirelessly. With the ability to
remotely configure set points on compatible Altronic controllers, field technicians no longer need to perform this
work on-site. A small staff of centralized
personnel can remotely perform these

functions for an entire fleet.
According to Altronic, the ATS provides
the industrys first Wi-Fi human-machine
interface, making secure readings attainable on Wi-Fi enabled smartphones,
tablets and other devices, allowing for
integration with operator SCADA systems without running cable or installing
additional gateways.
The Telematics System jointly developed with Enbase changes the game
entirely by effectively blurring the line
between the local control panel and the
remote monitoring/data analysis functions, said David Bell, senior vice president of sales and service at Altronic. By
providing access to the operating data
and system configuration away from the
panel 10 feet, 10 miles, or 10,000 miles
away the user retains full confidence in
WW158.indd 1
operating a proven set of controller hardware, including Altronic DE-3000 systems,

while simultaneously tapping into new
web/browser-based data collection and
analysis tools without regard to physical
location all served up to the user on
smart phones, tablets and/or laptop PCs.
Enbase Energy Technology, headquartered in Houston, Texas, U.S.A., is an oil
and gas technology company focused
on field automation, mobile applications and predictive analytics, serving
E&P, midstream and energy service companies world-wide.
Altronic is the lead plant for Hoerbiger
Engine Solutions, part of the Compression Technology Business Unit. Hoerbiger is active throughout the world as
a leading player in the fields of compression technology, drive technology and
automation technology. A
22 July-August 2015
7/16/15 1:27 PM
HItachi_OurFoundation_AL.indd 1
7/7/15 3:58 PM
ABB said that with its new Azipod D, shipping segments

such as offshore drilling, construction and support vessels
and ferries could benefit from the higher flexibility, reliability and energy efficiency provided by Azipod technology.
An Addition To The ABB

Azipod Family
Latest model could appeal to new

shipping sectors
BB has unveiled a new addition to its family of Azipod

electric propulsion products in a move the company
said makes the technology suitable to a wider range
of vessel types.
The Azipod system was first developed some 28
years ago, but ABB has developed a new version the Azipod
D with power ranges from 1.6 to 7 MW. The Azipod electric
WW155.indd 1
by Ian
Cameron
propulsion system is a streamlined, steerable pod motor

mounted below the ship with the propeller connected directly to the motor shaft.
ABB said its gearless Azipod system is already widely in
service with cruise vessels, icebreakers, ice-going cargo
vessels and accommodation ships. With the Azipod D, shipping segments such as offshore drilling, construction and
24 July-August 2015
7/17/15 1:51 PM
MARINE
propulson
WW155.indd 2
25
July-August 2015
High-Performance
Separators
Safeguarding your diesel
engines and gas turbines
Technology from GEA Westfalia Separator Group
protects the performance, safety and economy of
your power generator systems worldwide.
Our separators shield your diesel engines and gas
turbines from all aggressive by-products in fuel oils,
reducing service downtimes and failures.
Diesel engines are safe from destructive cat fines
in low-sulphur residual oils. Gas turbines are
protected from corrosion caused by sodium
and potassium in untreated oils.
GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH

Werner-Habig-Strae 1, 59302 Oelde, Germany
Phone: +49 2522 77-2118, Fax: +49 2522 77-32118
ws.info@gea.com, www.gea.com
engineering for a better world
EN-01-004
support vessels and ferries could benefit from the flexibility, reliability and energy efficiency provided by Azipod technology.
ABB hopes Azipod characteristics will make the technology particularly appealing to the offshore shipping
sector where most vessels operate in a dynamic positioning mode and require high reliability.
The new thruster gives designers and ship builders increased design flexibility to accommodate a wide range
of hull shapes and propeller sizes and offers simple installation, the company said.
The Azipod D requires up to 25% less installed power,
partly due to the new hybrid cooling that increases the
performance of the electric motor by up to 45%, ABB
said. There are open propeller and ducted versions of
the new Azipod covering the needs of high-thrust and
high-speed applications.
The gearless construction, high motor efficiency and
advanced hydrodynamic design result in fuel consumption that is typically 10 to 15% lower than with geared
thrusters, ABB said.
Technical solutions on the latest version have been
tested and proven in either Azipod C or Azipod X thrusters. Introduced in 2000, the gearless Azipod C is available as an open propeller version, Azipod CO for typical
ship applications, and as a nozzled version, Azipod CZ.
The power range of the C series varies from 1 to 4.7 MW,
and according to ABB, the thruster improves three aspects of operational profitability over a vessels lifetime
efficiency, reliability and cargo capacity.
As conventional geared propulsors are powered with
an inboard induction motor, an advanced feature of the
gearless thruster is the permanent magnet propulsion
motor, said ABB.
The company added that unlike normal electric motor
types, the rotor of a permanent magnet motor is naturally magnetized thus saving the additional power consumption for magnetizing.
In a separate move, ABB announced it recieved a US$60
million contract to deliver Azipod XO propulsion and
power systems to two Norwegian Cruise Line vessels
built by Meyer Werft of Germany and due for delivery in
2018 and 2019.
ABB also announced it had received record levels of orders for the marine part of the groups business, driven
by growth in demand for electrical propulsion systems
especially in the cruise and ice-going segments.
In 2014, the company won orders worth US$200 million to deliver power plants and Azipod propulsion systems to cruise customers and US$900 million to deliver
solutions to ice-going and icebreaking projects. A
7/17/15 1:54 PM
2015
Marine Propulsion
order survey
MECHANICAL DRIVE MARINE PROPULSION ORDERS, January December 2014
7.51 to 15.00
735
15.01 to 30.00
30.01 to 50.00
South
America
196
Central
America &
Caribbean
155
5.01 to 7.50
North
America
3.51 to 5.00
Diesel
Fuel
Central,
West, East &
South Africa
525
Above
1000
North
Africa
2.01 to 3.50
720 to
1000
Central
Asia
2403
Regions/Regional Codes
Southeast
Asia &
Australia
2637
1.01 to 2.00
Fuel
Far East
0.50 to 1.00
Engine Operating Speed Ranges

(r/min)
Middle
East
Total Engine
Output For
Each Output
Range (MW)
Eastern
Europe,
Russia & CIS
Number
Of
Units
Western
Europe
Output
Range
(MW)
2636
2637
531
10
101
833
483
649
18
446
1935
2268
129
628
52
152
646
453
381
78
18
222
282
490
30
142
14
36
136
126
41
12
18
680
45
48
61
102
49
27
61
38
18
1259
176
12
18
178
181
7570
717
16
16
717
10
669
29
244
4607
244
214
30
234
76
3300
76
76
73
50.01 and
above
19
1171
19
19
19
Totals
6990
24 868
1309
14
729
4938
45
1347
94
298
60
10
1066
121
Below
300
300 to
600
1633
3289
14
1359
Hold Fast
Heavy Natural
Fuel
Gas
5531 1412
by Brent
Haight
iesel & Gas Turbine Worldwides Marine Propulsion

Order Survey is the last of three reports designed
to provide details on the markets of large reciprocating engines, steam turbines and gas turbines
used in power generation, mechanical drive and
marine propulsion applications.
We divide the data into three reports in order to provide a
more in-depth look at key market segments for prime movers.
The Power Generation Order Survey (see May D&GTW 2015, p.
28) examines reciprocating engines, steam turbines and gas
turbines for power generation service. The Mechanical Drive
Order Survey (see June D&GTW 2015, p. 26) is devoted to engine orders for mechanical drive applications including pumps,
compressors, oil exploration machinery, rail and other industrial applications. The Marine Propulsion Order Survey examines
mechanical drive, auxiliary and diesel-electric marine propulsions systems.
Procedures
The Marine Propulsion Order Survey includes prime movers
beginning at 500 kW (0.5 MW). New orders are broken into diesel-electric, mechanical drive and auxiliary generating set orders. Fuel types include diesel fuel, heavy fuel and natural gas.
All data found in the survey was provided by participating
original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). An accompanying
table identifies those companies that participated in the 2015
survey. Every effort is made to ensure this survey is as complete
and comprehensive as possible and would not have the level
of detail it contains without the generous contributions of the
participating companies.
Data in this survey does not represent units shipped, but only
the total orders received during calendar-year 2014.
Geographic location is the ship-building site.
For reference, the geographic breakdown that was presented
to participating OEMs along with the survey forms is included
in this report.
It is important to note, some units reported in the 2015 Marine Propulsion Order Survey did not have complete information. In some cases OEMs chose not to provide engine output,
fuel type or geography for some of their reported orders.
Overview
The 2015 Marine Propulsion Order Survey echoes the theme
of the 2015 Power Generation Order Survey Hold Fast.
Last years Marine Propulsion Order Survey revealed the beginning of a turnaround for an industry plagued by years of decline. The 2015 survey shows an industry holding fast, despite
myriad challenges that have little to do with shipbuilding and
are affecting most industries worldwide.
Total units reported in the 2015 Marine Propulsion Order Survey (2014 data) equaled 12 123, a decrease of only 0.3% compared to last years report. Good news considering it could have
been much worse. Low oil prices, economic uncertainties and
geopolitical concerns continue to influence business decisions
around the globe.
The Far East was once again the top geographic location (all
reported driver types). With 6198 units destined for the Far
East, the region claimed 51% of all orders last year.
The Far East continues to set the tone for the global shipbuilding market, but the landscape is shifting. Orders destined for
the Far East, which includes China, Japan and South Korea (the
words three largest shipbuilding nations) fell 13% compared
to last years survey.
WW164.indd 1
2852 1135
26 July-August 2015
7/17/15 5:18 PM
MARINE AUXILIARY GENERATING SET ORDERS, January December 2014

Engine Operating Speed
Ranges (r/min)
Eastern
Europe,
Russia & CIS
Middle
East
Far East
Southeast
Asia &
Australia
Central
Asia
North
Africa
Central,
West, East &
South Africa
North
America
Central
America &
Caribbean
South
America
Number
Of
Units
Western
Europe
Fuel
Output
Range
(MW)
Total Engine
Output For
Each Output
Range (Mwe)
0.50 to 1.00
2560
1497
1640
808
686
1762
163
26
2091
102
53
88
27
1.01 to 2.00
1390
1441
608
374
386
586
10
190
16
673
68
296
92
46
2.01 to 3.50
352
791
194
158
169
173
10
38
16
181
97
16
3.51 to 5.00
200
738
200
158
36
13
185
5.01 and
above
40
Totals
4509
4507
2649
1340
1249
2684
56
404
48
21
3135
173
349
279
89
300 to
600
720 to
1000
Above
1000
Diesel
Fuel
Heavy
Fuel
Natural
Gas
DIESEL-ELECTRIC MARINE PROPULSION ORDERS, January December 2014

Number
Of
Units
Engine Operating Speed Ranges

(r/min)
Middle
East
Far East
Southeast
Asia &
Australia
Central
Asia
North
Africa
Central,
West, East &
South Africa
North
America
Central
America &
Caribbean
South
America
Eastern
Europe,
Russia & CIS
Fuel
Western
Europe
Output
Range
(MW)
Total Engine
Output For
Each Output
Range (Mwe)
0.50 to 1.00
1.01 to 2.00
97
103
92
93
57
24
2.01 to 3.50
298
638
102
196
291
119
60
16
88
3.51 to 5.00
56
247
56
40
12
12
28
300 to
600
720 to
1000
Above
1000
Diesel Heavy
Fuel
Fuel
5.01 to 7.50
50
231
12
38
30
24
22
7.51 and above
111
903
79
32
36
26
26
73
12
Totals
616
2125
91
324
201
492
56
230
20
211
44
103
While North America posted 18% growth in orders compared

to last year, low oil prices continue to impact investments in
exploration and development, limiting demand for offshore
drilling and support vessels, which will impact orders in 2015.
Mechanical Drive Orders

Total reported mechanical drive orders reported this year
were 6990 units, a 2% decrease compared to last years survey.
Units sized 0.50 to 1.00 MW accounted for 39% of the mechanical drive orders.
Engine operating speeds above 1000 r/min comprised 74%
of the total mechanical drive units ordered in 2014. Diesel fuel
That trend may continue. Orders at Chinese shipyards (ranked

third in the word) have fallen 77% in first-quarter 2015 compared to last year.
Western Europe and North America once again came in second and third respectively. Western Europe logged 16% of the
total orders reported, while North America received 12% of all
orders reported.
The region to watch is Southeast Asia & Australia, which
claimed the number four spot with 11% of 2014 orders, a 39%
growth compared to last year. Southeast Asia & Australia is
poised to take over the number three spot in our survey, as the
Philippines continues its rise as a shipbuilding world leader and
the outlook for North American shipyards remains cautious.
Country Information For Regions/Regional Codes, D&GTW Annual Market Surveys

Western Europe
Andorra
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
Italy
Ireland
Malta
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
San Marino
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Eastern Europe,
Russia & CIS
Albania
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Estonia
Georgia
Hungary
Kazakhstan
WW164.indd 2
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Moldova
Poland
Republic of Macedonia
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovac Republic
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Middle East
Bahrain
Cyprus
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
continued
on page 28
27 July-August 2015
7/17/15 5:19 PM
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
2010
2011
2012
Years
2013
Number Of Units Ordered
2014
North America
Total Units Ordered, Five-Year Data
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2010
2011
2012
2013
Western Europe
2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Years
Far East
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2014
Southeast Asia & Australia

2010
2011
Years
again dominated the fuel type, representing 83% of the orders.

Top geographic location reflects the Far Easts continued
dominance in the shipbuilding industry. Mechanical drive marine propulsion engines destined for the Far East accounted for
43% of 2014 orders.
Western Europe claimed the number two spot (20%) followed
by Southeast Asia & Australia (17%).
As reported in last years Marine Propulsion Order Survey,
the Philippines rose to the worlds fourth-largest shipbuilding country behind China. Increased activity there helped dethrone North America as the number three geographic location for mechanical drive marine propulsion engine orders in
this years survey.
Look for Southeast Asia & Australia orders to continue to increase, next challenging Western Europe for the number two
geographic location.
Mechanical drive marine propulsion engine orders destined
for Southeast Asia & Australia increased 36% between 2013
and 2014.
Activity in the Philippines remains strong. In April, the Philippines reached the top of the global shipbuilding leader-
2012
Years
2013
2014
board for the first time, logging the most orders that month.
Analyst reports show that Philippine yards won new buildings of 590 000 compensated gross tonnage (cgt), followed
by Korea with 530 000 cgt, China with 290 000 cgt and Japan with 150 000 cgt of orders in April. One contract, between Hanjin Heavy Industries and CMA CGM, Frances biggest shipping company, revealed that the Philippines will
be building three of the worlds largest container vessels at
Subic. The 20 000 TEU ships are planned to be delivered by
the second half of 2017.
Currently operating a total of around 121 shipyards across its
territory, the Philippines is predicted to produce over 4.8 million in ship gross tonnage between 2015 and 2018, the most
in Southeast Asia.
Auxiliary Generating
Set Orders
Marine auxiliary gen-set orders totaled 4509 units, an increase
of 11% compared to last year. Engines in the output range of
0.50 to 1.00 MW once again recorded the most orders (57%).

Syria
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Far East
China
Hong Kong
Japan
Mongolia
North Korea
South Korea
Taiwan
Southeast Asia
& Australia
Australia
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
Fiji Islands
Indonesia
Kiribati
Laos
Malaysia
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Samoa
Singapore
Solomon Islands
Tahiti
Tonga
Thailand
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Vietnam
Central Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
India
WW164.indd 3
Maldives Islands
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
North Africa
Algeria
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
Comoros
Central, West,
East & South Africa
Congo
Angola
Cote dIvoire
Benin
Djibouti
Botswana
Equatorial Guinea
Burkina Faso
Eritrea
Burundi
Ethiopia
Cameroon
Gabon
Cape Verde
Gambia
Cen. African Rep.
Ghana
Chad
28 July-August 2015
7/17/15 5:35 PM
2015
Marine Propulsion
order survey
Combined Geographic Total All Reported Driver Types

Western
Europe
Eastern Europe,
Russia & CIS
Middle
East
Far East
Southeast
Asia &
Australia
Central
Asia
North
Africa
Central, West, East &

South Africa
North America
Central America &

Caribbean
South America
1981
162
322
6198
1352
410
14
1448
20
210
Engines operating at speeds between 720 and 1000 r/min

received 59% of the reported orders. Heavy fuel was the top
fuel, accounting for 60% of all engines ordered.
The Far East was the top geographic location for marine auxiliary gen-set orders, accounting for 70% of the total. Rounding out the top three spots: second place was Western Europe
(9%) followed by Central Asia (8%).
Mechanical Drive Marine Propulsion

Manufacturers Participating In The Survey
Caterpillar Inc.
Caterpillar Marine Power Systems
Cummins Marine
Fairbanks Morse
Hyundai Heavy Industries
MAN Diesel & Turbo
Diesel-Electric Orders
(including SEMT Pielstick license-built engines)
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Marine

Machinery & Engine Co. Ltd.
Niigata Power Systems
Rolls-Royce
Wrtsil
Yanmar Co. Ltd.
Diesel-electric marine propulsion orders totaled 616 units, a 36%

decrease compared to last year.
Demand was highest in the output range of 1.01 to 2.00 MW (48%).
Engines operating at speeds of 720 to 1000 r/min received 53%
of the orders.
Diesel fuel was the top choice, claiming 80% of the total orders.
Western Europe edged out the Far East to claim the top geographic location for diesel-electric orders, claiming 37% of all
orders. The Far East claimed 34% of order, followed by North
America (17%).
Marine Auxiliary Generating Unit Engine

Manufacturers Participating In The Survey
Caterpillar Inc.
Cummins Marine
Niigata Power Systems
Rolls-Royce
Wrtsil
Yanmar Co. Ltd.
Annual Surveys
On behalf of Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide, thank you to
all contributors for your continued participation in this annual survey process. It is our hope that the three surveys
combined will provide an accurate snapshot of the entire
large-horsepower prime-mover landscape, with fine-tuned
detail provided for three market segments through each
individual report power generation, marine propulsion
and mechanical drive. Electronic versions of past surveys
are available at our website: www.dieselgasturbine.com.
Questions, comments and suggestions should be directed
to bhaight@dieselpub.com. a
Diesel-Electric Marine Propulsion

Manufacturers Particpitating In The Survey
Caterpillar
Cummins Marine
Rolls-Royce
Wrtsil

Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Ivory Coast
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zaire
Zambia
Zimbabwe
North America
Canada
U.S.A.
Central America &
Caribbean
Bahamas
Bermuda
Belize
Costa Rica
WW164.indd 4
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
West Indies
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
29 July-August 2015
7/17/15 5:20 PM
industry
news
The new FTI (fast turbulent igniters)

from Woodward are designed to enable
higher combustion efficiencies and
reduced emissions.
Next-Generation Ignition
by Alan
Oetken
Improved ignition in high-BMEP, lean-burn gas engines

ing the spark energy, which shortens
plug life. To counter decreasing spark
plug life, J-gap manufacturers often increase the electrode area, which has a
quenching effect on the ignition, or
they use precious metals that increase
manufacturing complexity and cost. In
addition, the J-gap spark plugs spherical flame front has slower combustion
speed as the flame front moves across
the combustion chamber. This type of
flame front is often enhanced by high
in-chamber turbulence, which increases
ignition variability.
The relatively recent introduction of
prechamber spark plugs has addressed
some of these issues. But conventional
prechamber spark plugs tend to extend
into the combustion chamber, such that
heat is absorbed in the end cap, which
increases the risk of pre-ignition and
thermal runaway. In addition, conventional prechamber spark plugs have dif-
ficulty managing residual exhaust gases

during the exhaust stroke, causing inconsistent exchange of burned gas and
fresh charge in the prechamber, which
also leads to misfire and knock.
Woodwards new FTI (fast turbulent ignition) igniters are a leap forward in spark
igniters for high-BMEP, lean-burn gas engines fueled by natural gas or biogases.
When customized for specific engine
requirements, FTI igniters can extend operating limits to lower NOx emissions and
increase engine efficiency by enabling
engine timing to operate closer to top
dead center (TDC). These new igniters use
a unique prechamber design with patented features that dramatically reduces the
combustion coefficient of variation (COV)
while extending the igniters operating
life without precious metal electrodes.
The FTI igniters proprietary design
provides high-velocity ignition jets for
consistent shot-to-shot ignition. The
s high-BMEP gas engines move

toward leaner air-fuel ratio
operations to meet increasingly more stringent emissions requirements, the
air-fuel mixtures become more difficult
to ignite. Lean mixtures have slower
laminar flame speeds that can result in
engine misfire. Also, in large-bore engines the flame front has to travel further, so high fuel-charge turbulence is
used often to increase the flame front
speed, but this increased turbulence
makes the flame initiation more susceptible to ignition variability.
In high-performance gas engines, shotto-shot combustion variation typical of
some spark plug designs can lead to
poor ignition quality, excessive knock
margins, poor engine efficiency, and
higher exhaust emissions.
Traditional J-gap spark plugs try to
address performance issues by increas-
Alan Oetken is project manager of new product launches at Woodward Inc., Loveland, Colorado, U.S.A.
WW156.indd 1
30 July-August 2015
7/16/15 1:42 PM
PGIE-A10011-00-7600
Raising performance in
power plant operation
The new release of SPPA-T3000: Success starts in the control room
Get in touch: Our new release of SPPA-T3000 is infused with

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Experience our worldwide leading SPPA-T3000 control system.
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Siemens_AS15_RaisingPerfPwrPlntOp.indd 1
7/8/15 12:17 PM
industry
news
Comparison of the ignition flame front of conventional J-gap spark

plugs and Woodward FTI plugs, which generate high-velocity ignition
jets for consistent shot-to-shot ignition.
multijet flame front coming out of the FTI

igniters generates its own in-chamber
turbulence. This self-generating turbulence adds to the existing in-chamber
turbulence promoting rapid flame
growth throughout the fuel mixture.
FTI prechamber design increases the jet
velocity by as much as two times that of
conventional prechamber plugs.
Since the FTI doesnt rely on the hot
surface method to obtain fast combustion like conventional prechamber plugs,

it reduces the possibility of pre-ignition
(knock) and thermal runaway often associated with prechamber spark plugs,
especially as BMEP is increased. Also, the
FTI igniter properly manages residual exhaust exchange in the prechamber, keeping residual gases effects to a minimum
after the exhaust stroke and properly re-
charging the chamber during each shot.

Woodwards FTI igniters provide patented innovations that deliver longer
life with more consistent ignition of
lean-fuel mixtures in high-BMEP gas
engines. These improvements enable
better engine performance, higher combustion efficiencies and reduced emissions, while reducing both misfire and
knock in challenging applications. A
Comparison of the combustion coefficient of variation (COV) of conventional J-gap spark plugs and Woodward FTI
plugs over 100 samples. The more consistent combustion allows FTI igniters to extend operating limits to lower NOx
emissions and increase engine efficiency by enabling engine timing to operate closer to top dead center (TDC).
WW156.indd 2
32 July-August 2015
7/16/15 1:42 PM
NORTH AMERICAN
P ROD U C E D
HHPSummit_LowerYourFuel_AL.indd 1
7/17/15 1:20 PM
Power
generation
Burners, such as this model for the

Siemens SGT5-4000F gas turbine, are
tested in the companys new Clean Energy
Center near Berlin, Germany.
Testing Clean Energy
by Roberta
Prandi
Siemens new Clean Energy Center designed to optimize

components, processes of gas turbines
Jerry Klopf, Siemens director of the

CEC, gas turbines, engineering, explained that the CEC hosts combustion
system rig testing with two test rigs for
larger-frame gas turbines and one rig for
smaller gas turbines. Material testing is
also carried out, as well as rig testing for
the compressor and turbine sides.
Test beds are utilized for off-design
testing. We simply test the engine for its
known capabilities and beyond, Klopf
said. We can vary control parameters at
will to test these limits.
The center uses advanced instrumentation; for example, the latest technolo-
WW153.indd 1
gy in pressure and temperature sensors

that can withstand the most extreme
test conditions, strain gauge applications for the rotating components, tip
timing and clearance measurement,
combustion dynamics, and telemetry
on rotating components, to name a few.
Klopf said that one of the most interesting capabilities of the new test
center is its ELVis data management
system. ELVis stands for Engine Live
Data Visualization and, in practice, is
a web-based system that allows each
piece of test data to be treated as live
data. ELVis allows us to visualize test
fter an investment of roughly

100 million, Siemens opened
its Clean Energy Center (CEC)
near Berlin, Germany, in February 2015.
As the name partly suggests, the new
facility is a test center aimed at the optimization of components and processes
for more efficient gas turbines and a
more environmentally friendly operation. The center is fully integrated in
the Siemens global engineering group
for research in component testing and
engine testing, especially for what the
combustion process entails.
34 July-August 2015
7/16/15 2:00 PM
Data Centers, Hospitals, Critical Care Centers,

Nursing Homes, Grocery Stores, Climate-Controlled
Storage Facilities, First Responder Facilities
Increase your generator run

time by as much as 400%
BECAUSE YOU NEVER KNOW WHEN
YOULL NEED STANDBY POWER.
GTI Bi-Fuel A Product

of the HOERBIGER Group
Limited diesel fuel storage and irregular re-supply can

often cut emergency generator run time to 24 hours or
less. The GTI Bi-Fuel System can increase your run
time by as much as four times that of conventional,
all-diesel operation.
GTI BI-FUEL IS THE SOLUTION

This patented system draws low-pressure natural gas
into your diesel engine as supplemental fuel. It can
substitute up to 70% of your diesel fuel requirement,
extending generator run time and reducing your
dependence on diesel fuel re-supply. Proven in
thousands of installations, GTI Bi-Fuel is an easy
retrofit requiring no engine modification.
Find a distributor near you or learn more about
GTI Bi-Fuel at www.gti-altronic.com.
GTI_Altronic_Nov14WW.indd 1
9/10/14 2:10 PM
data in real time at Siemens engineering locations worldwide.

From our ELVis room in the Berlin test
center, we have live conversations with
our engineers in China, India, the United
States, Germany, Sweden, and with the
colleagues from the Rolls-Royce energy
aeroderivative gas turbine and compressor business acquisition in Canada.
The clear advantage is to be able to
share experience and valuable data
first-hand with the whole Siemens engineering group. It also gives the team
unprecedented flexibility in testing
management. We have reached a level
of work efficiency that cannot be obtained with testing in third-party facilities, Klopf said. This said, we still
maintain important cooperation projects, for example, with the German
Aerospace Center DLR in Cologne,
Germany; the National Research Center (NRC) in Ottawa, Canada; as well as
some university partners with smaller
testing rigs. In addition to that, CEC
in-house tests are complemented by
real-conditions testing of the engines
with worldwide customers.
ELVis is a very powerful analysis tool,
as Klopf said. For every single test, the
system filters between 2 and 4 million
pieces of measured data.
In more practical terms, after each
test is completed, the team needs a
mere two hours to produce crystal
clear test results (meaning significant
final data that can be shared with the
rest of the group), Klopf said. It then
takes two hours for the team in the test
room to prepare the rig for the next
test. The cycle works with maximum
precision approximately four hours
are needed for the rig to cool down between tests.
Tests, for now, are focused on the combustion process, where the main advantages in gas turbine efficiency can
be reached. In fact, Siemens has already
broken some significant limits in the
efficiency of gas turbines, for example
with the construction of the CCPP Lausward in Dsseldorf, Germany, which will
reach an electrical output of 595 000 kW
with net energy conversion efficiency
The Berlin gas turbine plant is Siemens biggest production site

worldwide. With 3700 employees, the facility manufactures, tests
and validates all Siemens large gas turbine models.
of more than 61% and an overall efficiency of the natural gas fuel of 85%1.
The company is working on further efficiency improvements, such as testing
new burner prototypes, combustion
behavior based on different variables
(flame stability, pressure, temperature,
ignition, and thermodynamic design),
and on the next generation H-class
combustion technology, where impor-
WW153.indd 2
tant results are expected in the short

term. Testing expansion steps could
also include turbine blades and vanes,
and compressor testing.
The Berlin CEC has been built on a
large open land area in Ludwigsfelde, a
site that offered the right characteristics
for this kind of installation. It is only 40
minutes from the existing Siemens Berlin gas turbine plant.
36 July-August 2015
7/16/15 2:00 PM
Power
generation
Klopf said that the area was already

equipped with gas turbine testing technology, because it hosted a large aerospace turbine testing center. In fact, the
CEC has a gas pipe available directly
at its door (20 bar), which is then compressed up to 50 bar at the sites compressor station a station that can handle natural gas as well as special gases.
Thanks to a high-pressure fuel tank farm
for liquid fuels and fuel gases, the facility
will be capable of testing all kind of fuels, including hydrogen. Klopf said that
there are a lot of customers requests for
gas turbine dual-fuel operation some
even for three-fuel options so fuel
flexibility is becoming more of a key
functionality for gas turbines.
Two different air-preheating systems
bring the air to the required temperature to supply pre-heated air to the test
cells. Three air compressors are also installed, with a capability of 50 kg/s.
Each test cell has its cooling tower,
specially developed by GEA Heat Exchangers in Netherlands, only us-
ing steel and plastic, not wood. The

exhaust stacks are supplied by BBM
Akustik Technologie in Germany, with
new noise-dampening features. Klopf
added that a higher airflow is brought
into the rig rooms and evacuated out
of the stacks, as a measure to make
the internal room atmosphere as nonexplosive as possible.
The CEC site hosts its own high-voltage
connection and switch yard, because
the installations use an average 40 to
50 MW per day.
A 10 000 kW diesel gen-set is also
available for emergency power, because data handling and ancillary systems, such as pumps, need back up in
case the main power supply should fail.
The plant also features a battery buffer
for emergency power storage.
Finally, the CEC has its own workshop with multifunctional capabilities,
which allows parallel preparation of
test campaigns and an instant adaptation to changed validation needs.
As mentioned, Klopf and his team of
> 20,000 OpHs
service free filter

operating lifetime
25 people benefit from the close proximity to the Siemens Berlin gas turbine
plant, the biggest Siemens production site worldwide with a workforce
of 3700.
Dr. Sebastian Piegert, responsible for
additive manufacturing in Siemens
Gas Turbines/Generators business unit,
explained that the Berlin plant includes
large turbine manufacturing, testing
and validation, as well as engineering/
research, new apparatus business for
E-, F- and H-class turbines, and service.
The facility dates back to 1904, with
the first establishment of the AEG
steam turbine factory, and over the
years has supplied more than 950 gas
turbines worldwide, for a total capacity of 140 000 MW. In its historically
protected halls, Siemens most powerful gas turbine, the SGT5-8000H, is
manufactured too. A
Read more about the Lausward power
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3
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2:29 PM
Liquid Gas Injection

MAN successfully demonstrates the
ME-LGI concept
itsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., a MAN Diesel &

Turbo licensee, has successfully demonstrated the ME-LGI
(liquid gas injection) concept using the first ME-LGI engine to be commercially produced. The engine, with
the type designation 7S50ME-B9.3-LGI, is bound
for a vessel under construction by Minaminippon Shipbuilding
Co. Ltd. for Mitsui O.S.K. Lines Ltd.
The ME-LGI concept can be applied to all MAN Diesel &
Turbo low-speed engines, either ordered as an original
unit or through retrofitting. With two injection concepts,
the ME-GI and the ME-LGI concept greatly expand the
companys dual-fuel portfolio and enable the exploitation of more low-flashpoint fuels such as methanol and LPG, the company said.
The engines ME prefix indicates that the new
engine benefits from electronic controls that
also encompass the fuel being injected by a
so-called fuel booster injection valve. This
fuel booster, specially developed for the
The LGI combustion chamber consists

of two LGI fuel valves and two oil-fuel
valves, the latter used for pilot oil
when running in LGI mode and as fuel
valves when running in normal mode.
WW157.indd 1
38 July-August 2015
7/16/15 2:05 PM
industry
news
ME-LGI engine, ensures that a low-pressure, fuel-gas supply system can be

employed, significantly reducing first-time costs and increasing reliability, according to the company.
MAN developed the ME-LGI engine in response to interest from
the shipping world in operating on alternatives to heavy fuel oil.
Methanol and LPG carriers have already operated at sea for many
years and several LPG tankers are currently being built as the
global LPG infrastructure grows. MAN Diesel & Turbo is currently working towards a Tier 3-compatible ME-LGI version.
The immediate market acceptance of our ME-GI engine
confirmed the growing demand for low-sulfur, non-HFO
options in the face of increasingly stricter sulfur limits in
fuel, said Ole Grne, senior vice president, low speed
promotion and sales, MAN Diesel & Turbo. In turn, extending our dual-fuel engine program with an MELGI unit that can run on liquid fuels was therefore a
natural step.
The interest in our ME-LGI engine confirms this
dual-fuel, low-speed trend and will offer even
more alternatives to HFO, which, apart from
methanol, will include LPG, dimethyl ether and
bio-ethanol, as well as several other, low-sulfur,
low-flashpoint fuels. A
The LGI parts, highlighted

in yellow, are based on the
ME design.
WW157.indd 2
39 July-August 2015
7/16/15 2:06 PM
The Titans are the first class

of American long-haul tugs
to be built with azimuth
stern drives as standard
equipment.
New Trend For Long-Haul Tugs?
Azimuth stern drives grow in popularity
atton Marine of Seattle, Washington, U.S.A., is noticing a

trend in the marine sector.
In the last 30 years, a revolution has occurred in ship
handling and docking. As ships increase in size, traditional tugs with
single or twin straight-shaft drives
have been replaced by highly specialized vessels using new technologies,
especially azimuth stern drives (ASD)
for propulsion and electronically controlled marine diesels.
More than 300 of these crafts have
been launched in the United States, all
featuring increased beam for improved
stability, all-round visibility in the pilot
house, and instant fingertip control of
the drive units to direct the propellers
and their thrust in any direction.
Now that this transformation is almost
complete, naval architects and small
shipyards foresee these developments
applying to the other American tug
fleet the boats that tow barges on
long coastal routes. Estimates state that
there are 300 to 400 of these boats with
an average age of almost 40 years. Many

designs date back to the 1950s.
Naval architects Jensen Maritime of
Seattle, in close cooperation with Ric
and Bob Shrewsbury of Western Towboat in Seattle, were responsible for
one of the first modern designs for
long-haul tugs in 1995. Their goal was
to create an efficient long-haul tugboat
that was able to maneuver and dock its
own barges unaided at remote Alaskan
ports. Their solution was to replace the
conventional straight shafts with ASDs,
and add many of the other features of
the ship-handling tugs.
The result was the Titan, a 36.5 m long,
10.6 m wide offshore tug with twin
1491 kW engines. Western Towboat will
soon launch its seventh Titan.
Over the years, the installed power
for the Titans engines has been increased by over 25% with upgrades
to meet the current EPA demands, but
little else has changed, said Jonathan
Parrott, Jensens vice president of new
design development.
The Titans have continued to provide
WW162.indd 1
by Peter
Marsh
exemplary service on the demanding

Alaskan routes. Now, with the new towing rules being proposed by the USCG,
new environmental regulations, and the
need to address crew comfort, the need
for new long-haul vessels continues to
be strong.
In 2012, two captains with more than
30 years of experience in the West Coast
towing business became frustrated with
the aged tugs. Robert Dorn and Gordon Smith took time off and decided
to survey the needs of typical offshore
operators, research the best-available
equipment, and build a boat that could
become the industry standard. They realized they couldnt improve on the Titan design, so they licensed it from the
Shrewsburys and contracted with the JT
Marine shipyard in Vancouver, Washington, U.S.A., to build two boats for their
new company called Hyak Maritime.
Although the hulls are identical, the
Hyak tugs differ from the Western boats
in the engine room. All Westerns big
tugs are powered by a high-speed V-16
diesel engines.
40 July-August 2015
7/16/15 2:20 PM
The Hyak tugs feature medium-speed, four-stroke GE 8L250 engines, producing 1998 kW at 900 r/min. The eight-cylinder inline
GE engine weighs nearly 18.1 tonnes and stands 3.3 m high.
The Hyak main engines are coupled to a pair of Schottel 1515
FP ASDs turning 2600 mm diameter stainless-steel propellers
via Centa flexible connectors and carbon-fiber shafts. Two John
Deere 6081A Kohler generator sets each provide 195 kW of
electrical service; each gen-set also provides full hydraulic power to the winches. The fuel capacity is 598 095 L. Tulio Celano at
Crescere Marine Engineering of Columbia City, Oregon, U.S.A.,
provided detail engineering.
The tugs were built to ABS + A1, AMS Machinery Class, Towing
Certification All Oceans standards, with the Marpol compliance
necessary to work in international ports. Their compact size results in a U.S. regulatory tonnage of 91 and international tonnage of 497, allowing them to operate with smaller crews than
offshore tugs. They were measured with 83.8 tonnes of bollard
pull and 14.5 knots free running speed, which enabled Crowley
Maritime to charter both boats, Hawaii and Washington, for its
ocean towing fleet. They were then put into service towing two
barges with an oil platform and associated equipment from the
Gulf Coast to Gabon in West Africa.
The GEs in the first two tugs have already demonstrated the
fuel efficiency of a 2983 kW boat with the power of a 4474 kW
vessel, saving over 3028 L of fuel and 113.5 L of lube oil daily
over a typical tug, Dorn said.
The GE L250 bore 250 mm, stroke 320 mm is specifically
engineered for marine applications with its accessories mounted on the engine for maintenance ease. The engine features
fuel control and refined timing from a high-pressure, common
MARINE
propulsion
The first two Hyak tugs are now working under the
colors of Crowley Maritime.
rail fuel system. The cylinder assembly includes a cylinder head,

intake and exhaust valves, valve linkage and a high-pressure fuel-injection pump and nozzle, which enables quick changeouts
and increased engine uptime.
With its success, Hyak moved ahead with an order for a third
Titan the Montana. A
The engine room looking forward, with the

John Deere gen-sets in the foreground, port
GE engine on the left, and switchboards on
the main bulkhead.
crank angle [CA]
WW162.indd 2
41 July-August 2015
Trafag_Dec14_WW.indd 1
9/2/14 9:45 AM
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Rail
EthosEnergy Poland S.A. has received

a contract for the design, manufacture, transportation and assembly of
four 150 MVA 242/13.8 kV generator
step-up and two 6 MVA 13.8/6 kV auxiliary transformers for the Porabka-Zar
hydropower station in Poland.
The project also calls for upgrading
the control and protection systems
for the facility and designing a new
water-cooling system for the transformers. EthosEnergy will also install
an anti-explosion transformer protection system.
The plant operates four 125 MW
Francis hydraulic turbines situated
500 m underground. It is the only underground power plant in Poland, the
company said.
Wrtsil
Wrtsil and Carnival Corp. have
partnered to optimize engine-room
operations aboard Carnivals fleet
of 101 ships across its nine global
brands. Wrtsil engine control and
monitoring systems, safety and fuelefficiency packages will be installed
and tested in pilot projects on several
Carnival vessels.
GE Transportation
GE Transportation has completed the
first production test of its GE Evolution Series Tier 4 engine. This production test evaluates the performance,
emissions and mechanical properties
of the engine. This is the first engine
to go through the companys newly
built test cell in Grove City, Pennsylva-
Power Generation
ETHOSENERGY
Siemens
Siemens has signed contracts worth
8 billion for high-efficiency natural
gas-fired power plants and wind power installations that will boost Egypts
power generation capacity by more
than 50% compared to the currently
installed base. The projects will add
an additional 16.4 GW to Egypts national grid to support the countrys
rapid economic development and
meet its growing populations demand for power.
The contracts which represent
Siemens largest order ever were
signed with an official ceremony in
Berlin, Germany, by Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi and German
Vice Chancellor Sigmar Gabriel.
Together with local Egyptian partners Elsewedy Electric and Orascom
Construction, Siemens will supply, on
WW_JulyAugust_Industry Drivers.indd 1
a turnkey basis, three natural gas-fired

combined cycle power plants, each
with a capacity of 4.8 GW, for a total
combined capacity of 14.4 GW. Each of
the three power plants, Beni Suef, Burullus and New Capital, will be powered by
eight Siemens H-Class gas turbines.
The plants will add power to the grid
in stages. Plans call for an initial 4.4 GW
to go online before summer 2017 and
the full 14.4 GW to become available
38 months after the financing has
closed and advance payments have
been received. Once completed, the
three power plants will be the largest
in the world, Siemens said.
Siemens will also deliver up to 12
wind farms in the Gulf of Suez and
West Nile areas, comprising around
600 wind turbines and an installed capacity of 2 GW.
Power Generation
nia, U.S.A., and will be sent to one of

GEs locomotive assembly facilities to
be installed into a GE Evolution Series
Tier 4 locomotive.
The Grove City facility, with a total
production of 3000-plus engines a
year, serves the global transportation
industry in building new and remanufactured diesel engines for locomotives as well as for marine and stationary power applications.
The development of the Evolution
Series Tier 4 engine was part of the
larger US$600 million investment
made in the Evolution Series platform.
GE was able to create an engine that
required no aftertreatment to meet
the emissions targets. GE Transportation leveraged other GE business
units to develop elements of the Tier
4 engine, including the power assembly, exhaust gas recirculation,
common rail fuel system and turbocharger. The engine meets the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA)
Tier 4 locomotive emissions standards,
which took effect on January 1, 2015.
GE Transportation said it was able to
meet NOx and PM emissions reductions by at least 70% from Tier 3 emissions standards.
GE has signed a 20-year contractual

services agreement with GAMA Enerji for an 840 MW combined-cycle
power plant in Kirikkale in central Turkey. Once the site has been commissioned expected to happen in early
2016 GE will provide planned and
unplanned maintenance under availability and performance guarantees
for two GE 9F.05 gas turbines and a GE
209D steam turbine.
GE
Industry News
Power Generation
Power Generation
industry drivers
ATCO
ATCO Emissions Management received a contract from Iberdrola Energy Projects to design and supply two
acoustical buildings at the New Salem
Harbor Station in Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Iberdrola, the engineering, procurement and construction company
for the project, is building a new
combined-cycle gas turbine electric
generating plant on the site of the decommissioned coal-and-oil-fired Salem Harbor Station generating plant.
ATCO will design and supply acoustic envelopes for the combustion turbine generator/heat recovery steam
generator and steam turbine generator buildings, and also provide other
noise mitigation offerings to comply
with the citys noise policy and the
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection regulations.
The structural steel is specifically designed for a pre-manufactured panelized acoustic wall system and is engineered to carry the heavy loads of the
architectural louver system, a structure
not commonly found on power plants,
according to ATCO. ATCOs panelized
design will reduce installation time
and will be constructed entirely from
the exterior, the company said.
42 July-August 2015
7/17/15 12:00 PM
news makers
PAS Technologies Inc. has appointed

Enrique Hernandez as vice president
of integration and transitions.
Hernandez is responsible for leading
the companys acquisition integration
and new program introductions. He
brings more than 20 years of operational experience in repair and manufacturing operations, team building and
change management across cultures
and disciplines.
CMR U.S.
A. Smith
industrial equipment manufacturing.

Prior to this role, Powell served as senior project manager for Kuhn North
American in Brodhead, Wisconsin,
U.S.A. He has also worked in product
management for Case/Case IH, Ingersoll Rand and Liebherr Construction Equipment.
J. Powell
Smith previously served as vice
president of business development
with Rolls-Royce Naval Marine. Prior
to that, he was a marine engineering
artificer in the Royal Navy (U.K.) on
surface ships and submarines.
Powell, who will oversee the redesign
of the companys opposed-piston engine, comes to Fairbanks Morse Engine
with nearly 20 years of experience in
A. Rashid
Asif Rashid has been appointed as

the new managing director of control
instrumentation and electrical engineering at CMR U.S.
Prior to his U.S. move, Rashid was
the managing director of CMR CPC in
France and has also held senior roles
at General Motors, Delphi, SPX and
Kennametal Inc.
Fairbanks Morse Engine, an EnPro Industries company, has added two new
members to its staff: Andrew Smith
and Jeff Powell. Smith joins the company as the leader of its marine segment,
and Powell as a product manager.
Crestchic
E. Hernandez
Hernandez previously served as general manager European Operations, for

Chromalloy in Holland, France and the
U.K. Prior to that, he served Pratt & Whitney as general manager for the companys Turkish Engine Center in Istanbul
and as general manager of the Parts
Repair Operations in Loyang, Singapore.
Fairbanks Morse Engine
PAS Technologies
REINTJES
Dr.-Ing. Alexander Nrnberg has

taken over as chair of the board of directors of Reintjes GmbH, after Univ.Prof. Dr.-Ing. Horst Rulfs passed away
at the beginning of the year. Dr. Nrnberg has been a member of the Reintjes board of directors since May 2011.
Since 1996, Nrnberg has been managing director of HATLAPA Uetersener
Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG, a
shipbuilding supplier for deck machinery, steering gears and compressors.
Along with new Reintjes Chief Executive Officer Klaus Deleroi, he belongs
to the association Marine Equipment
and Systems and took over its management in 2003. He is also chairman
of the Center of Maritime Technologies in Hamburg, Germany.
Load bank manufacturer and testing solutions company Crestchic has

made a trio of senior appointments. The
company, headquartered in Burton-onTrent, England, has appointed Garry
Chamberlain as technical proposals
manager; Neil Barber as head of Engineering and Louise Passey as finance
manager. The company specializes in
worldwide load bank supply in the
oil and gas, marine, data center and
power generation sectors.
The Way to Lower Emissions,

Higher Efficiency and Optimum
Reliability of Your Engine.
100-580e-04.13
Get Better. With Kistler.
Combustion Pressure Measurement: More than 50 Years of Experience!

Kistler sensors are an important key to closed loop engine controls. Kistler combustion
pressure sensors have a track record of more than 100 millions running hours of online
measurements since 2002.
www.kistler.com
Kistler_TheWayToLower_AL.indd 1 1
WW_JulyAugust_Newsmakers.indd
7/17/15
7/15/15 12:03
9:32 AM
PM
literature library
High-Temp SCR Systems
Engineering Services
Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems

has published literature on its SCR
systems for high-temperature applications. Information is provided on
the benefits of the SCR systems, as
well as catalyst selection flexibility,
initial and life-cycle costs and construction and installation.
www.mhpowersystems.com
FEED Engineering Inc. (FEI) has

released literature on its engineering services. The companys engineering services are based on four
design principles: reliability, efficiency, safety, and environmental.
FEI is a representative of COMM
Engineering Inc.
www.feedengineering.com
Portable Heaters
Heat Exchangers
Aerotech Herman Nelson International has published a brochure on

its portable heaters. The company
provides a range of heaters, from
off-grid and flameless heaters to
recirculating and oil-fired electric
heaters.
www.hermannelson.com
Decommissioning
Service
Advanced Industrial Components

(AIC) has published a brochure
about its line of heat exchangers.
The brochure provides information on each product line, offering
descriptions and specifications of
each heat exchanger.
www.aicheatexchangers.com
Diesel Filtration System
A-Line E.D.S. decommissions transformers and associated electrical equipment, as well as provides
transformer recycling and removal
services. Other capabilities are
presented in a brochure from the
company.
www.alineeds.com
Refuel Systems has produced literature on its internal diesel filtration

system. The filtration systems are
designed to address problems associated with emulsified water and
biodiesel blended fuels, as well as
capturing particulate down to 0.5
of a micron.
www.refuelsystems.com
Industrial Construction
Heat Exchange Products
CCC Group Inc. has released a brochure on its capabilities. Founded

in 1947, the company provides integrated construction, fabrication
and specialty engineering services
to the United States and abroad.
www.cccgroupinc.com
Cooper Core Ltd. is a Canadianowned designer and manufacturer

of heat exchange products. Its
products include radiators, turbocharge air coolers, intercoolers, oil
coolers, fuel coolers, process coolers, and tube and shell coolers.
www.coppercore.com
WW_JulyAugust_Literature.indd 1
44 July-August 2015
7/17/15 12:11 PM
Controls, SEnsors &

instrumentation
ABB Expands Symphony

Plus Range
SD Series designed for total plant automation
The new Symphony Plus SD

Series control and I/O products
by ABB are utilized for total
plant automation.
BB has launched its Symphony Plus SD Series of flexible control and input/output (I/O) products, for
total plant automation across various application
types, irrespective of size or physical location.
The SD Series is designed to improve energy
efficiency and productivity in diverse operating environments within the power and water industries. The
new range is especially suited for applications where
control is distributed over a wide area often in harsh
conditions, ABB said.
The new series is the latest addition to the Symphony
Plus product family, ABBs flagship automation platform
for the power generation and water sectors.
The launch of the SD Series is a reaffirmation of ABBs
commitment to continue investing in the Symphony
Plus platform based on an evolution without obsolescence approach of introducing new technology with
enhanced benefits while protecting the long-term investment by ensuring full compatibility with existing
installations, said Massimo Danieli, managing director
of ABBs power generation business, a part of the companys Power Systems division.
The SD Series is a portfolio of DIN (Deutsches Institut
fr Normung) rail-mounted control and I/O products
based on a scalable architecture and flexible design.
ABB said the energy-efficient solution pays for itself
through reduced long-term energy, operational and
maintenance costs.
These products can withstand extreme operating conditions such as temperatures from -20 to 70C without the
need for additional environmental protection.
ABB reported more than 6500 Symphony installations
in operation all over the world, including more than 4500 in

power and water applications. A
WW149.indd 1
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ThermalStructures.indd 1
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index Of Advertisers
Need Fast Answers? Go To www.dieselgasturbine.com
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Altronic GTI Bi-Fuel 35
Kiene Diesel Accessories 21
Clark Cooper 9
Kistler Instrumente AG 43
*CMR Group Fourth Cover
*MAN Diesel & Turbo 11
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Power-Gen Asia 8
Shinkawa Electric 15
Siemens Energy International 31
Hitachi Nico Transmission Co., Ltd. 23
Thermal Structures, Inc. 45
IFT GmbH - INNOVATIVE FILTER TECHNOLOGY 37
Trafag AG sensors & controls 41
ISOLITE GmbH 7
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Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Support, Inc.

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Visit www.deutzamericas.com/corporation/employment.cfm
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7/17/15 4:29 PM
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world Viewpoint
by Ian Cameron
Ashbourne, England
Wind Power Hits Turbulence
f a recent power generation trade show

in Amsterdam proved one thing, it was
that, in many parts of the world, the
equipment supply industry is somewhat flat and, in some cases, in disarray.
That situation is not just confined to
power generation involving gas turbines and large
diesel engines.
In and around the fringes
of the exhibition, renewable power and its seemingly relentless march forward was prominent.
There was much debate
about the role of traditional conventional power and
the question remained as
to how much of a role it
would play in the coming
years in providing basic
supplies to homes, businesses and factories.
But is it wise for us to assume that renewables will be reliable when it comes
to keeping the lights on in the future?
Against the backdrop of pro-conventional power sources and their newfound momentum, the old argument
surfaced: What do you do for power
when the wind doesnt blow and the
sun doesnt shine?
As delegates returned home from
the exhibition with the green message still ringing in their ears, the U.K.
government pushed back against onshore wind farms, announcing in midJune its intentions to close a subsidy
scheme for the power source a year

earlier than expected.
We have a long-term plan to keep the
lights on and our homes warm, power
the economy with cleaner energy, and
keep bills as low as possible for hard-
Predictably, the announcement was

met with concern not just from environmentalists but also from the more
hard-headed, commercially savvy business community.
Cutting the Renewables Obligation
scheme early sends a worrying signal about the stability of
the U.K.s energy policy framework, said the U.K.s Confederation of British Industry,
which speaks on behalf of
190 000 businesses. This is a
blow not just to the industry,
and (it) could damage our reputation as a good place to invest in energy infrastructure.
One environmentalist group
added: Ministers have just
moved to raise everyones
energy bills by blocking the
cheapest form of clean power,
whilst continuing to back the impossibly expensive Hinkley C (a planned new
3.2 GW U.K. nuclear power station) and
going all out for unpopular, risky and
unproven fracking.
It added that the decision will send a
clear message to international investors
that the U.K. government is willing to
wreck our power sector to please their
most ideological backbenchers.
The subsidy decision is not a victory for
supporters of gas turbine or diesel-engine generated power, but a reminder
that the road to a renewable-powered
future will be far from smooth and is
likely to take longer than anticipated. A
But is it wise for us to

assume that renewables will
be reliable when it comes to
keeping the lights on in
the future?
working families, U.K. Energy and Climate Change Secretary Amber Rudd said.
As part of our plan, we are committed
to cutting our carbon emissions by fostering enterprise, competition, opportunity and growth. We want to help technologies stand on their own two feet, not
encourage a reliance on public subsidies.
So we are driving forward our commitment to end new onshore wind subsidies and give local communities the final
say over any new wind farms. Onshore
wind is an important part of our energy
mix and we now have enough subsidized projects in the pipeline to meet
our renewable energy commitments.
WW148.indd 1
48 July-August 2015
7/16/15 2:21 PM
BACK INSIDE COVER
OP16 RADIAL
GAS TURBINE
GENSETS
OIL & GAS: ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE

POWER GENERATION, FLARE ELIMINATION
MARINE: AUXILIARY AND STANDBY POWER, VOC
UTILIZATION FOR ONBOARD POWER GENERATION
INDUSTRIAL: COGENERATION, TRIGENERATION,
DIRECT DRYING
DISTRICT HEATING: HOTELS, SKI RESORTS,
DISTRICT COOLING, REMOTE SITES
WASTE TO ENERGY: MUNICIPAL WASTE,
SYNGAS, PYROLYSIS GAS
OPRA Turbines will exhibit at:
Power Gen Asia, 1-3 September, Bangkok, Thailand
The Green Expo, 23-25 September, Mexico City, Mexico
Vietnam Oil & Gas Show, 21-23 October, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
Power Gen International, 8-10 December, Las Vegas, USA
The 2MW class OP16 gas turbine is sophisticated

simplicity at its best, resulting in a robust design
for high reliability and dependability, with a
unique all radial configuration, efficient flow path
and advanced metallurgy.
op16
2mw range
all radial
gas turbine
sales: sales@opraturbines.com
tel +31 (0) 74 245 21 21
www.opraturbines.com
Hengelo, The Netherlands
OPRA_OP16RadialGas_AL.indd 1
Compact & Low Weight

Ultra Low emissions and Flexible Fuel Options
Highest Efficiency in its Power Class
High Temperature Exhaust Gas
Simple, Robust and Reliable
OPRA
!
T U R B I N E S
7/13/15 3:34 PM
// Tried and tested

over decades
Moteurs Baudouin DF12S (1970s)
Moteurs Baudouin new 12M26.3 (2015)
For more than half a century CMR has helped global high horsepower
manufacturers raise technical standards for their engine instrumentation.
It is a track record we are very proud of.
CMR_TriedAndTested_AL.indd 1
7/16/15 8:38 AM

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