ABSTRACT

The Goal of this project was to create a digital coin tosser that randomly
displays ''h''(HEADS) and ''t''(TAILS). A button is held to begin the roll, and
then, after the button is released, the head and tail h and t respectively displays
on 7 segment display. An important feature of this circuit is using a seven
segment cathode LED display. The end result is a digital die that rolls and
displays either the ''h(HEADS) or ''t(TAILS).
This circuit is operated by touching the push button. It is very difficult to
predict which LED will remain illuminated.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page

Certification .

Dedication

ii

Acknowledgement

..

iii

Table of content

iv

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE
1.0

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Preamble
1.2 Aims and objectives
1.3 Economics importance of the study
1.4 Terms of Definition

CHAPTER TWO
2.0

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Capacitors
2.2 Semiconductor
2.3 Integrated circuit
2.4 Push switch
2.5 Resistor
2.6 Switch
2.7 Seven-segment display

CHAPTER THREE
3.0

MYTHOLOGY AND DATA ANALYSIS

3.1 Assembly instruction

3.2 How its works
3.3 Component used

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0

TEST AND RESULT

4.1 Test
4.2 Result
4.3 Project Costing

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
Reference

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 PREAMBLE
This pocket sized circuit is that of an electronic coin tosser. Just throw the tosser by pressing
F1 and the display will impartially flash a head or tail. If the circuit is assembled closely on a
veroboard and if the panel size given in is adhered to. it will end up into a neat and pocket
sized device. The circuit is light weight and works off a flat 9 volt battery.
The circuit uses just one CMOS CD4069 hex inverter. The three gates work as an oscillator.
IC is optionally wired (as a buffer). The remaining 3 gates work as a flip-flop. S1 is used to
"throw" that is pay a chance. S2 is used to switch power on and off. The circuit can be will be
enclosed in a cards box sized enclosure.
1.2 AIMS AND OJECTIVES
1. This project involves building an electronic coin which can be used instead of an ordinary
one.
2. This circuit was not designed for people who can make up their mind nor have a coin to
use for a heads or tail coin toss. This circuit can also be used to ask it yes or no questions.
People in life are always faced with decisions and sometimes you cannot decide so, this is a
circuit that will help you make up your mind.
1.2 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF BLOWN FUSE ALARM
It is used to make those hard 50/50 decisions. This circuit can also be used to ask a yes or no
questions. People in life are always faced with decisions and sometimes you cannot decide
so, this is a circuit that will help you make up your mind.
1.3 TERMS OF DEFINATION
A digital coin tosser is an electronic, inexpensive circuit used to make a 50/50 decisions, just
like flipping a coin into the air to obtain either a head or tail.

CHAPTER TWO
2.0

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 CAPACITORS: A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive twoterminal electrical component used to store energy electrostatically in an electric
field.

TYPES OF CAPACITOR
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Variable Capacitor
Polarized Capacitor
Film Capacitor
Radial Capacitor
Ceramic Capacitor
Electrolytic Capacitor
Dielectric Capacitor

1. Variable Capacitor: A variable capacitor is a capacitor whose capacitance may be

intentionally and repeatedly changed mechanically or electronically.
2. Polarized Capacitor: Polyester capacitors are capacitors composed of metal plates with
polyester film between them, or a metallised film is deposited on the insulator. they have
distinct positive and negative poles
3. Film Capacitor: are electrical capacitors that contain an insulating plastic film which is
the dielectric, and is sometimes combined with paper as the carrier of electrodes.
4. Radial Capacitor: Radial capacitors have two leads which stick out from the bottom of
the capacitor. They are a different configuration to axial capacitors in that sense because
axial have one lead that sticks out from either end.
5. Ceramic Capacitor: Ceramic capacitors are some of the most common capacitors used,
especially in surface mount applications. They are made by coating a ceramic disc or
plate with a conductor and connecting several together.

6. Electrolytic Capacitor: Electrolytic capacitors are high voltage capacitors which

produce high value of capacitance in a small component at the expenses of wide
tolerance in the marked value and the necessity of connecting the capacitor so that one
terminal is always positive.
7. Dielectric Capacitor: A dielectric capacitor consists of two metal sheets placed on either
side of a layer of dielectric material. Dielectrics are materials like glass or plastics
(polymers) which are insulators.

2.2

SEMICONDUCTOR :

A semiconductor is a substance, usually a solid

chemical element or compound, that can conduct electricity under some conditions but not
others, making it a good medium for the control of electrical current.

TYPES OF SEMICONDUCTOR
1. Intrinsic Semiconductors
2. Extrinsic Semiconductors
1. Intrinsic

Semiconductors:

semiconductor

is

one

In

which

simple
is

made

words,
up

of

an
a

intrinsic

very

pure

semiconductor material. In more technical terminology it can stated

that an intrinsic semiconductor is one where the number of holes is
equal to the number of electrons in the conduction band.
2. Extrinsic Semiconductors: These are semiconductors in which the
pure state of the semiconductor material is deliberately diluted by
adding very minute quantities of impurities. To be more specific, the
impurities are known as dopants or doping agents.
we have two types of extrinsic semiconductors namely P-type and
N-type semiconductors.

2.3

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT: An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit

(also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small
plate ("chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon.

TYPES OF ICS
ICs can be categorized into two types
1. Analog or Linear ICs
2. Digital ICs
1. Analog or Linear ICs can produce continuous output depending on the input signal.
From the name of the IC we can deduce that the output is a linear function of the input
signal. Op-amp (operational amplifier) is one of the types of linear ICs which are used
in amplifiers, timers and counters, oscillators etc.
2. Unlike Analog ICs, Digital ICs never give a continuous output signal. Instead it
operates only during defined states. Digital ICs are used mostly in microprocessor and
various memory applications. Logic gates are the building blocks of Digital ICs which
operate either at 0 or 1.

FEATURES OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Very small size: Hundred times smaller than the discrete circuits.
Lesser weight: As large number of components can be packed into a single chip,
weight is reduced
Reduced cost: The mass production technique has helped to reduce the price,
High reliability: Due to absence of soldered connection, few interconnections and
small temperature rise failure rate is low.
Low power requirement: As the size is small power consumption is less.
Easy replacement: In case of failure chip can easily be replaced.

2.4 PUSH SWITCH : A push switch is a momentary or non-latching switch which

causes a temporary change in the state of an electrical circuit only while the switch is
physically actuated. An automatic mechanism (i.e. a spring) returns the switch to its default
position immediately afterwards, restoring the initial circuit condition.

There are two types:

1. A push to make switch allows electricity to flow between its two contacts when
held in. When the button is released, the circuit is broken. This type of switch is
also known as a Normally Open (NO) Switch. (Examples: doorbell, computer
case power switch, calculator buttons, individual keys on a keyboard)

Push-to-make switch electronic symbol

2. A push to break switch does the opposite, i.e. when the button is not pressed,
electricity can flow, but when it is pressed the circuit is broken. This type of
switch is also known as a Normally Closed (NC) Switch.

2.5

RESISTOR: A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that

implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. Resistors act to reduce current flow, and,
at the same time, act to lower voltage levels within circuits.

there are two major categories into which the different types of resistor can be fitted is into
whether they are
1. fixed resistors
2. variable resistors
types of fixed resistors
1. Carbon composition
2. Carbon film
3. Metal oxide film
4. Metal film
5. Wire wound
6. Thin film

2.7 SWITCH: A switch is an electrical that can break an electrical,

interrupting the corrector diverting it from one conductor to another.

TYPES OF SWITCH
1. mechanical
2. electromechanical
3. electronic

2.7 SEVEN-SEGMENT DISPLAY

A seven-segment display (SSD), or seven-segment indicator, is a form of
electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals that is an alternative to the
more complex dot matrix displays.
Seven-segment displays are widely used in digital clocks, electronic meters, basic
calculators, and other electronic devices that display numerical information.[1]
A seven segment display is the most basic electronic display device that can display digits
from 0-9.

APPLICATION
They find wide application in devices that display numeric information like
digital clocks, radio, microwave ovens, electronic meters etc.
They find wide application in devices that display numeric information like
digital clocks, radio, microwave ovens, electronic meters etc.

CHAPTER THREE
3.0

MYTHOLOGY AND DATA ANALYSIS

This is a standard 9v circuit which can be used to conduct a toss between two teams or
individuals. it uses a seven segment display and a CD4069 IC has the major components in
it.

3.1 ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTION

In this circuit gate N1 and N2 with resistor R1 and R2 and capacitor C1 and C2 are working
as a relaxation oscillator. Relaxation oscillator means circuit will not in stable state it will
repeatedly change state from low to high and then from high to low depending upon the
charging of a capacitor. If we are charging and discharging a capacitor with a constant voltage
source with a resistor then capacitor voltage may change exponentially. On the other hand, if
we charge and discharge a capacitor at a constant current source than it will change linearly.

And gate N3 just acts like a buffer, which keep apart the oscillator from the load. Gate N6
and N5 are used as a flip flop. When you press the switch S1 corresponding gate output will
go high N6 or N5 and head or tail, h or t will be display on 7 segment display.

circuit diagram of the digital coin tosser

3.2 HOW IT WORKS

To use we turn on power supply to circuit. The seven-segment display will
glow but not all LED will display (just the f,g,e,c) at first. to notify for
h(head).
When we press the push button, LED d,c on the seven-segment
display will flash jointly, with high speed up.

But when we release the push button, LEDs will stop flash, then its
displays either h(head) or t(tail)
In pressing the push button each time, It will light at any point(h,t) with
uncertain. Therefore resembles a flip coin.

3.3 COMPONENT USED

semiconductor
IC = CD4069
RESISTOR
R1, R2
3.3K
R3
1K
R4
470 ohms
CAPACITORS
C1, C2
10nF (10kpF)
MISCELLANEOUS
S1
Push button
S2
switch
PCB
IC socket - 14 pin
Cabinet

CHAPTER FOUR
TEST AND RESULT

4.0
4.1

TEST

4.2

RESULT
When the push button is pressed and hold, the LEDs start flashing, alternating back and
forth, much like a coin flips end over end when you toss it into the air. When the user
removes his finger from the two metal contacts, one of the two lights will stay lit,
indicating whether the result of the coin toss is heads or tails. Which light stays lit will be
essentially random.

4.3

PROJECT COSTING

The digital coin tosser is a low cost project that isn't too complex to bulid.
the components are less expensive and easily purchased in the market due to its low cost.

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATAION

I have successfully demonstrated the operation of the digital coin tosser circuit. With this in mind , i have
shown that Instead of flipping a coin into the air to see if it lands heads or tails, you build

an electronic device that does the coin toss. That way, you can make decisions even when
you're penniless.

5.1

RECOMMENDATION

I recommend that
1. digital coin tosser be encouraged.
2. student should be encouraged to invent new technology on their own
3. and if they are in-doubt they should seek out the advise of a qualified person.

REFERENCES
Electronic project hand book vol. 1 (1974);
Amrit Bir Tiwana

Applied digital electronics - Page 142

Dennis M. Ward