DEVELOPMENT

OF

ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN NEPAL

A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH FOR ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT

What is the context?

In Nepal every day on average, 5 people were killed 11 were seriously

injured and 22 sustained minor injuries in about 25 road crashes over
the three years since 2010/2011.

In Nepal every day on average, 5 people were

killed 11 were seriously injured and 22
sustained minor injuries in about 25 road
crashes. These findings based on the data
collected over the three years since 2010/2011.
Th i s d at a m ay h ave b e e n gro s s l y
underestimated in the absence of formal
mechanism to collect road crash data in the
country and actual figures are expected to be
significantly higher. Until recently, in spite of
repeated alarms raised by several sectors of
society, a reduction in road trauma has not
been a key national objective. Road safety has
not been considered as a major strategic
component of Nepals road sector development programme. Interest in the road safety epidemic has
however increased significantly during the last few years in accord with the UN Decade of Action for
Road Safety 2011-2020. Government of Nepal in 2013 developed Nepal Road Safety Action Plan (20132020). National Road Safety Council (NRSC) has been recently established in Nepal and actions are being
taken on several fronts, albeit in isolated and fragmented ways.

Crash risk is the product of exposure, probability and severity

16000
Slight Injuries
14000
Serious Injuries
12000
Fatalities

4018

3986

1356

1734

1689

1837

1816

2005 / 06

2006/ 07

2007 / 08

2008 / 09

2009 / 10

2010 / 11

2011 / 12

2012 / 13

8000

4701

1131

2004 / 05

7813

4130

735

4138

3609

2583

815

2003 / 04

5245

1866

685

2663

1795

654

3655

14659 3925

623

2002 / 03

4138

2001 / 02

458
603

4039

785

4000

2000

5331

6000

7383

6457

8000

8503

10000

A preliminary framework for discussion and contribution to the development of

Road Safety Management System in Nepal

Why this proposal?

Road safety is a complex, integrated, dynamic and crash-free road or road network. A universal objective
multi-dimensional problem. Improvement in road is to reduce the number and severity of the crashes
safety requires actions on several fronts: engineering within the limits of available resources, science,
and social science, education and public awareness, technology, and legislatively mandated priorities.
law and enforcement, health and emergency services,
and media and publicity
This preliminary BIG PICTURE
campaigns, to name just a few.
proposal is prepared to provide
Road safety is a shared
Actions on multiple fronts are
an overview on the development
responsibility. Every
required in a complex
of the Nepal Road Safety
environment often with
Management System (NRSMS).
member of society can
conflicting and competing
It is expected that this will
contribute to improve
interests. A well-coordinated and
contribute to widespread
road safety.
concerted effort from all agencies
discussions and interests for
working on these fronts is
possible contributions to help
essential. This is possible only by implementing a develop this holistic system. A Safe System approach,
holistic Road Safety Management System (RSMS) which makes allowance for human error and
with vision.
minimises the consequences, especially the risk of
death and serious injury, has been accepted
There is no such a thing as absolute safety. There is internationally as an approach to manage road safety.
always a risk in any transport system. Road safety is This proposal is developed making this approach a
all about reducing the level of risk; it is not to develop core principle.

What does it contain?

There is a project for

every organisation and
a task to each member
of the society!

This proposal covers a wide range

of issues related to road safety:
from data analysis to potential
solutions. It contains a project for

every organisation and a task to

each member of the society. A
total of about 150 projects are
identified each contributing to the
development of road safety
management system. There is a
scope to include more projects
and subprojects as progress will
be made in implementing
identified projects and gaps would
be surfaced during the

implementation. After the review

of existing information and
international best practices, it is
proposed to develop NRSMS with
six (6) principal system
components. Each component
includes a number of projects and
sub-projects which will be scoped
and
developed
for
implementation in the next phase.

4 Component 1 (C1) Nepal Road Safety Information Management (NRSIM) and Database
System: Population, vehicle, drivers, traffic, road and summary crash statistics
4 Component 2 (C2) Governance and Planning: Leadership and commitment, institutional
framework (organisational structure, resources, roles and responsibilities), funding framework
(funding model), legal frameworks (acts and regulations) and technical frameworks (road safety
documents); road safety countermeasures; road safety evaluation and improvement process;
and road safety planning, policy and strategy (policy, vision, mission/targets, strategy and action
plans and activities).
4 Component 3 (C3) Pre-crash (Crash Prevention) Systems: Crash prevention and road risk
management system: road users, speeds, vehicles and roads

Sub-component 3.1 (C3.1) Safer Road Users: road use rules, driver licensing system,
public education and awareness, law enforcement, competence and training
Sub-component 3.2 (C3.2) Safer Speeds: Speed management system and speed limits
Sub-component 3.3 (C3.3) Safer Vehicles: Roadworthiness- national car assessment
program, vehicle standards compliance, vehicle inspection and maintenance system
Sub-component 3.4 (C3.4) Safer Roads: Road design and maintenance, traffic control
devices, road safety audit, roadside hazard management

4 Component 4(C4) Post-crash (Post-crash Response and Management) System: Post-crash

response and management system such as emergency preparedness, response and treatments
4 Component 5(C5) Crash Investigation and Database System: Road crash investigation, data
coding, data collection, data recording and creation of road crash database
4 Component 6(C6) Road Safety Research and Development: Road safety monitoring,
measurement, investigation and analysis

What are the indicative projects?

A list of indicative projects under each
component that help develop a comprehensive
Nepal Road Safety Management System
(NRSMS) is listed in this brochure. The list is not
exhaustive but only indicative to demonstrate
typical projects. These projects are neither
exclusive nor sequential. There is a need
additionally to source information from other
projects and programmes.
As this document is a summary of the BIG
PICTURE proposal, the details of the projects
are not presented at this stage. Only an
expanded summary covering objectives, short
Wide Centre Line Treatment (WCLT) to
description, references with national and
reduce Head On Crashes
international road safety initiatives, information
sources and expected outcomes of each project
is presented in this proposal to demonstrate the extent and nature of works required. Once the existing
information is further analysed and possible interests and contributions from relevant stakeholders become
clearer, these projects can be scoped and undertaken as and when funds become available.

How will the system be developed?

The system will be developed in stages:
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4
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4
4

Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 6
Stage 7
Stage 8
Stage 9

Consultations with relevant stakeholders

Development of BIG PICTURE proposal
Consolidation of existing projects and activities
Scoping, funding and delivery of short-term projects
Scoping, funding and delivery of medium-term projects
Scoping, funding and delivery of long-term projects
Development of full NRSMS
System improvement and upgrade (ongoing)

Project proposals will be finalised in Stage 4, 5 and

6 after consolidating existing project activities and
these projects will need to be implemented
concurrently with funding support from interested
agencies.
A building block approach involving several activities
is adopted. Each component of the system can be
developed concurrently and mostly independently.
When all the sub-systems or components are
delivered a full-scale safety management system will
eventually be established. For example, the crash
database system needed for safety management will
have to be developed in the first stage. This system
uses data collected from the crash investigation
system which would contain data from crashes duly
coded using an acceptable crash coding system

by severity and by type. Crash data obtained from a

well maintained central crash database system will
then be used to identify black spots and
corresponding types of treatment. Targeted road
safety initiatives can then be suggested to reduce
road crashes on that particular location.
The above is an example of one component/subsystem. Each sub-system or component will be
developed with the same approach. We have a longterm vision for the system. A prerequisite to realise
this vision and deliver the system is a robust
institutional, legal, funding and technical framework.
This is proposed as a part of governance component.
This framework needs to be developed in tandem
in order to sustain the above system and sub-systems.

What are the indicative short-term projects?

A list of indicative short-term projects under each component that helps kick-start a comprehensive Nepal
Road Safety Management System (NRSMS) is listed in this brochure. The list is not exhaustive but only
indicative to demonstrate typical projects. The list is neither complete nor sequential.

Where the money is expected to come from?

Financial contributions are essential to develop the system. Funding supports need to
be sought from interested funding agencies and from the government on projectby-project basis.
A number of specific projects will also be scoped, methodologies developed and
costed with a time frame for deliverables. Financial support will be sought from
interested funding agencies or from the government on project-by-project basis.
Individual agencies can select the entire management system development, or
a specific component of it, or a number of related components or projects of interest,
for funding. The beauty of this proposal is that all these projects individually designed,
funded and delivered will collectively be able to contribute to the BIG PICTURE, i.e., to
the development of the comprehensive Road Safety Management System in Nepal. It is
recognised that some of the projects identified in this proposal are already in the process of implementation
but in isolation and without the "big picture". These projects will be reviewed and improvements, if
required, will be identified and brought into the management system. We will work together with these
agencies so that projects already started would align with the proposed system. Expert advice will be
provided where necessary.

What time frame are we looking at to deliver the system?

It is not expected that all road safety system components discussed in this proposal can be completed
within the immediate future. Rather, it will provide strategic direction and help build the system step-bystep. The following tentative timelines are proposed to complete projects and develop a full system:
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Short-term projects: 0-5 years

Medium-term projects: 5-10 years
Long-term projects: 10-15 years
Full system development: 20 years
System improvement: ongoing

Even though it may take up to 20 years to develop the system and to make it fully operational, the proposed
system development model is a building block approach where short-term projects are expected to result
safety outcomes and associated operational level management system in near future. Projects in subsequent
stages are meant to establish robust and sustainable management system. The system needs to be
continuously refined and improved with the addition of newer and more complex research type projects.

Who can get involved?

Everyone!
All stakeholders, who have interests in road safety in Nepal can be
involved in one or more components or projects of the system.
Contributions from all stakeholders such as national and international
institutions, and bilateral and multilateral funding agencies are needed
in order to initiate, conduct and complete the road safety project
activities identified in this proposal. The contributions can be project
funding and in-kind support (donations, time and ideas). It is expected
that a full-scale Nepal Road Safety Management System (NRSMS) will
be institutionalised, implemented and sustained once these project
activities are completed, updated and monitored.

What can I do to help build the System?

Every responsible member of society can

help build the System

Each governmental and non-governmental agencies

having interest in road safety can take up a project
or a set of projects from one of the six components
identified in the "BIG PICTURE" Proposal depending
on its interest and capacity. The scoped project
proposals which will be developed during the project
preparation stage will be provided to these agencies.
Agencies can develop, formulate and implement an
entirely new project that would align with one of the
components and that would support the
development of NRSMS. In fact, any project that
would contribute to the development of NRSMS or
to improve road safety outcomes can be included.
Alternatively, interested agencies who are not
resourced to undertake safety projects on their own
may wish to contribute cash to undertake a specific
project or projects to Nepal Road Safety Research
Fund that will soon be formalised. The Fund can be

administered by Sustainable Transport and Traffic

Solutions, a not-for profit charity organisation
incorporated in Australia or by a separate
independent Board of Directors. Details of operation
of the Fund are yet to be developed. This will be done
before launching the Fund in consultation with
stakeholders and key agencies contributing to the
Fund. All expenses will be made public and it will be
transparent.
Other options of contributions are also possible.
These options may range from simply expressing
solidarity, participating in road safety activities
launched by interested agencies, volunteering in
road safety campaigns to helping develop road safety
awareness materials and running road safety classes
in schools, colleges and community groups or
interested local clubs.

Who are we?

Sustainable Transport and
Traffic Solutions (STTS) is a team
of people spread around the world
having desire to contribute
something to the community to
which they belong. Having
developed expertise in varied
sectors (mainly in traffic, transport
and allied fields) nationally and
internationally, they know the
problems, peoples and places on
both sides of the world and are
able to see clearly prospects for
practical solutions. The team
members are aware that what
works overseas might not work in
Nepal. Also, what is required in
Nepal may not be available
overseas. But when the basic
principles and policies required for
solutions available overseas are
blended with the real needs and
environment in Nepal, the
inefficiencies in reinventing an

Members of STTS have strong desire to

give something they know from their
overseas work back to the community to
which they belong

entirely new wheel for developing

potential solutions for problems
dominating the country can be
significantly reduced. One of the
potential problems, which has
been well recognised nationally
and globally, is how to reduce the
burden of road crashes on public
health and resulting negative
impacts on Nepals economy.
Thousands of people are getting
killed in Nepal for no fault of their
own. With the expansion of road
network and increase in the
number of vehicles across the
country, the problem of road safety
has been clearly felt by everyone
concerned. Roads built for the sake
of national development using the
scarce aid resources from around
the world are becoming death
traps. The dangers and potential
risks can be removed or reduced

by applying simple but sustainable

and practical solutions. STTS is a
team of like-minded people, who
have the similar feelings and
common interests to contribute to
develop such solutions. The team
moves forward with the vision that
no one should be killed or
seriously injured on the roads in
Nepal. The team aims to work
together with National Road Safety
Council (NRSC) which is
established to coordinate solutions
needed from various agencies to
the Government of Nepal. It will
collaborate with all relevant
government and non-government
agencies as well as multilateral and
bilateral aid agencies, overseas and
local road safety research agencies,
local and international businesses
and industries who have a stake in
road safety.

The following members have expressed their interest to work as a team and contribute to this work at the
time of developing this proposal. The team can be expanded as and when more interest to contribute is
received. In fact, contributions are open to everyone. Each team member identified below is expected to
lead a key strategy (or system component) area for potential solutions. Over time, more professionals can
be included in the project team attached to one or more of the relevant components. This is a loose and
flexible association of individual professionals, who are bound together with the desire to collaborate and
deliver meaningful outcomes, which will help to reduce road trauma and the burden on the public health
system and economy of Nepal. Key team members include:
Key team members include
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Dr. Partha Parajuli (Principal Engineer, Queensland Dept. of Transport & Main Roads, Australia)
Dr. Kali Prasad Nepal (Senior Lecturer, Deakin University, Australia)
Dr. Chandra Shrestha (Professor, Nepal Engineering College, Nepal)
Dr. Prem Chhetri (Professor, RMIT University, Australia)
Dr. Prakash Ranjitkar (Senior Lecturer, University of Auckland, New Zealand)
Dr. Nirajan Shiwakoti (Senior Lecturer, RMIT University, Australia)
Dr. Shyam Sharma (Region Traffic Engineering Manager, Oregon Dept. of Transportation, USA)
Dr. Ganesh Karkee (Senior Operations Engineer, Metropolitan Transportation Commission, USA)
Dr. Shovakar Dhakal (Associate Professor, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand)

In order to establish a robust and long lasting

institutional framework under which this holistic
work can be progressed, an independent not-forprofit business entity Sustainable Transport and
Traffic Solutions (separate to team members
current affiliations) has been recently registered in
Australia to secure its legal status for doing business.
This has been done after the presentation of the draft
proposal in October 2014 in the stakeholders'
workshop which was attended by many Government
organisations and other interested agencies in Nepal.

Local support is expected to be provided by Nepal

Transportation Development & Research Centre
(NTDRC) as well as from Road Safety Society of Nepal
(RSSN). A local project partner, separate to NTDRC
or RSSN, may be nominated for each individual
project identified under this proposal based on the
actual need, interest, funding and nature of the
project. Interests have also been received from a
number of reputed transport and traffic consultants
operating in Australia and in Nepal to contribute to
this initiative.

One option of team structure with indicative responsibility areas is included later in this brochure.

Proposed Team Structure

&

Distribution of Responsibilities
Project Coordinator
Dr P Parajuli
Local Support
(NTDRC)
Deputy Project Coordinator (Governance)
Dr C Shrestha

Deputy Project Coordinator (Technical)

Dr K Nepal

Research &
Development
Dr K Nepal

Governance & Planning

Dr P Parajuli
Dr C Shrestha

Database System
Dr P Chhetri

Pre-Crash Systems
Dr S Sharma

Post-Crash
Management System
Dr G Karkee

Safer Road Users

Dr N Shiwakoti
Safer Vehicles
Dr S Dhakal
Safer Roads
Dr S Sharma
Safer Speeds
Dr P Ranjitkar

Crash Investigation
System
Dr P Parajuli

Where to from here?

Following the completion of consultation process (workshop of October 2014), the draft proposal has been
finalised incorporating feedbacks from stakeholders. A not for profit charity business entity has been
registered in Australia. A proposal (Business case) for project preparatory works has been completed which
proposes the following activities:
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Activity 1: Technical assistance to two sets of pilot projects involving countermeasures to reduce
Pedestrian crashes
w Mid-block crossings
w Gateway treatments
Road departure crashes
w Roadside barriers and audio tactile line marking (ATLM) on road edges
w Median treatments (wide centre line marking with or without ATLM, raised medians,
with the provision of passing lanes or 2+1 lanes as appropriate)
Activity 2: Scoping of all identified projects (short to medium term)
Activity 3: Development of Nepal Road Safety Information Management System and Crash Database
System
Activity 4: Technical support to NRSC and Capacity Building of local engineers on road safety
Activity 5: Refinement / Update of Big Picture Proposal and Ongoing Improvement

Apart from undertaking other important activities, the project proposal suggests to scope each of the
identified project in the BIG PICTURE Proposal, set priorities, estimate resources, budget and time frame,
and specify deliverables. It will also attempt to identify potential partners for completing the project. Each
core member of the team (Component Leader) contributes in scoping the projects in the component s/he
is nominated to lead. These activities are expected to lay the initial foundation stone for the development
of NRSMS with projects ready for taking up/ funding by interested agencies. The proposal for project
preparatory works will be submitted to the Government of Nepal for its consideration together with the
handing in of the BIG PICTURE Proposal.
Other future activities include:
4 Develop each project fully (this is expected to be an ongoing activity and may require a number of
iterations and staging depending on the nature of the project, interests and available funding)
4 Apply for funding for each individual project (some projects will be commenced even before securing
fund. Examples include: development of crash investigation guideline; review and update of existing
road safety audit policy, guideline and manual; road safety auditors accreditation policy; manual of
Nepal road rules; development of typical designs for pedestrian crossing and other crash reduction
treatments such as gateways, guard rails, crash cushion barriers, median treatments, intersection
treatments for immediate use by consultants and construction industries and other projects that do
not require external resources and field work). A number of funding application initiatives is already
under way.
4 Identify new projects, scope them, develop business case and apply for funding
4 Deliver projects
4 Provide assistance in the implementation of Road Safety Management System by putting all relevant
project outcomes together- some project outcomes are mandatory such as crash investigation and
recording system, training and data collection system while other project outcomes are complimentary.
In fact, an incremental change/improvement approach will be adopted as far as possible to get value
for money.
It is important to recognise that works on road safety improvement do not stop with the completion of
the development of the Road Safety Management System. The system is only a tool to manage road safety
better. We need to continue the work to reduce road trauma on an ongoing basis. The safety management
system is a way to provide a framework for delivering improved road safety in Nepal. It works in the fashion
similar to the road asset management system with which most engineers, planners and policy makers are
aware.

LIST OF INDICATIVE PROJECTS

Component C1: Nepal Road Safety Information Management System (NRSIM) and Database System

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Project 2.1
Project 2.2
Project 2.3
Project 2.4
Project 2.5
Project 2.6
Project 2.7

Development of Nepal Road Safety Divisions (NRSD)

Development of Population Database
Development of Road Inventory and Traffic Stream Database
Development of Road Vehicle and Driver Database
Development of Nepal Road Crash Summary Statistics for Public Use
International Comparisons and Benchmarking
Strengthening and Privatisation of NRSIM System

Component C2: Governance and Planning

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4

Project 3.1
Project 3.2
Project 3.3
Project 3.4
Project 8.1
Project 8.2
Project 9.1
Project 10.1
Project 10.2
Project 10.3

Development of Institutional Framework for Road Safety Management in Nepal

Development of Funding Framework for Road Safety in Nepal
Development of Legal Framework: Road Safety Acts, Rules and Regulations
Development of Technical Framework: Road Safety Documents & Resources
Development of Nepal Road Safety Measures (NRSM) or Treatments
Development of Nepal Road Safety Measures (NRSM) or Treatments Documents
Development of Nepal Road Safety Evaluation and Improvement (NRSEI) Process
Incorporation of Road Safety in National Planning and Policy
Development of Nepal Road Safety Strategy (NRSS)
Development of Indirect Strategies to Enhance Road Safety Outcomes

Component C3: Pre-Crash Systems

4 Sub-Component C3.1 Safer Road Users

Project 4.1
Project 4.2
Project 4.3
Project 4.4

Crash Prevention System: Development of Nepal Road Rules

Crash Prevention System: Graduated Licencing System
Crash Prevention System: Public Education and Awareness
Crash Prevention System: Law Enforcement

4 Sub-Component C3.2 Safer Speeds

Project 4.5 Crash Prevention System: Development of Speed Limits and Speed Management System

4 Sub-Component C3.3 Safer Vehicles

Project 4.6 Crash Prevention System: Vehicle Inspection and Roadworthiness

4 Sub-Component C3.4 Safer Roads

Project 4.7
Project 4.8
Project 4.9
Project 4.10

Crash Prevention System: Road Design and Maintenance

Crash Prevention System: Traffic Control Devices
Crash Prevention System: Development of Road Safety Audit System
Crash Prevention System: Roadside Hazard Management

Component C4: Post-Crash System

4 Project 5.1 Development of Robust Nepal Post-Crash Management System (NPCMS)

Component C5: Crash Investigation and Database System

4 Project 6.1 Development of Nepal Road Crash Investigation System (NRCIS)

4 Project 6.2 Nepal Road Crash Data Collection, Coding and Recording System
4 Project 7.1 Development of Nepal Road Crash Database System (NRCDS)
Component C6: Road Safety Research and Development

4 Project 11.1 Road Safety Research and Development

LIST OF INDICATIVE SHORT-TERM PROJECTS

Component C1: Nepal Road Safety Information Management System (N-RSIM) and Database System

4 Project C1/P2.1.1
4 Project C1/P2.1.2

Review, update or develop and implement NRSD

Develop (electronic) database of NRSD

4 Project C1/P2.2.1
4 Project C1/P2.2.2

Review and update or develop (electronic) population database

Collect and incorporate personal and socioeconomic variables required for road safety
analysis in the (electronic) population database system

4 Project C1/P2.3.1
4 Project C1/P2.3.2
4 Project C1/P2.3.3

Review and update or develop (electronic) road inventory database

Review and update or develop (electronic) traffic stream database
Plan, develop and implement automatic system of collecting dynamic traffic stream
(volume, composition, speed, axle loads etc.) data

4 Project C1/P2.4.1
4 Project C1/P2.4.2

Review and update or develop (electronic) road vehicle database

Review and update or develop (electronic) driver licence database

4 Project C1/P2.5.1
4 Project C1/P2.5.2

Develop a summary of Nepal road crash statistics

Develop Nepal road crash fact sheets

Component C2: Governance and Planning

4 Project C2/P3.1.1
4 Project C2/P3.1.2

Review and develop an institutional framework (organisational structure) that connects

national, regional and local road safety authorities (MoPIT/DoR/DoTM, MoFALD/DoLIDAR,
MoHP, Traffic Police, Municipalities, VDCs) and stakeholders
Establish dedicated road safety organisational units within various government

4 Project C2/P3.1.6
4 Project C2/P3.1.7

departments and other non-government organisations

Develop institutional capability and resources of DoTM
Develop documents outlining the roles, responsibilities, accountabilities and duty-ofcare of all levels of road safety organisational structure
Establish sound vertical and horizontal coordination mechanism across road safety
authorities
Train road safety authorities and stakeholders
Develop road safety portfolio/program/project governance framework

4 Project C2/P3.2.1
4 Project C2/P3.2.2

Develop Nepal road safety funding framework and model

Establish a committee to review and implement road safety funding model

4 Project C2/P3.3.1
4 Project C2/P3.3.2

Review and update Motor Vehicles and Transport Management Act, 2049 (1993)
Review and update Motor Vehicle and Transport Management Regulations, 2055
(1999)
Review and update Motor Vehicles and Transport Management Rules, 2054 (1997)
Review and update Motor Vehicle and Transport Management Ordinance, 2050 (1993)
Review and update Local Self Governance Act, 2055 (1999)
Develop Nepal Road Safety Act

4 Project C2/P3.1.3
4 Project C2/P3.1.4
4 Project C2/P3.1.5

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Project C2/P3.3.3
Project C2/P3.3.4
Project C2/P3.3.5
Project C2/P3.3.6

4 Project C2/P3.4.1
4 Project C2/P3.4.2
4 Project C2/P3.4.3
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Project C2/P8.1.1
Project C2/P8.1.2
Project C2/P8.1.3
Project C6/P8.2.1

Review and update or develop road safety technical documents (standards, strategies,
policy, action plans, manuals, guidelines, reports, forms and checklists etc.)
Review and update or develop (electronic) library of road safety technical documents
Review and update or develop documents (strategy, policy, manual, guidelines, forms,
checklists etc.) for insurance system (driver, passengers, vehicles etc.)
Develop Nepal road safety measures of key crash types
Develop Nepal road safety measures of all crash types
Implement pilot/trial for at least two selected low-cost high-benefit treatments
Develop documents (framework, policy, manuals, guidelines) for Nepal road safety
measures

4 Project C2/P9.1.1
4 Project C2/P9.1.2
4 Project C2/P9.1.3
4 Project C2/P9.1.4

Develop documents (strategy, policy, action plan, manuals, guidelines, forms, checklists)
for Nepal Road Safety Evaluation and Improvement (NRSEI) process
Develop network screening modalities
Develop project prioritisations modalities
Develop safety effectiveness monitoring and evaluation system

4 Project C2/P10.1.1 Review and update or incorporate road safety as a part of national and road sector
policy and programmes

4 Project C2/P10.1.2 Review and update or incorporate road safety as a major strategic component of Nepals
road sector programmes

4 Project C2/P10.2.1 Develop Nepal Safety Strategy (NRSS)

4 Project C2/P10.2.2 Develop mechanism to monitor implementation of NRSS
4 Project C2/P10.3.1 Introduce road-safety impact assessment and controls in all major land development
programs and projects

Component C3: Pre-Crash (Crash Prevention) Systems

4 Sub-Component C3.1 Safer Road Users

Project C3.1/P4.1.1 Review and update or develop Nepal Road Rules
Project C3.1/P4.1.2 Develop simplified versions of Nepal Road Rules for driver training and education
Project C3.1/P4.2.1 Review, update or develop and implement Graduated Licensing System
Project C3.1/P4.2.2 Review and update or develop documents (strategy, policy, manuals, guidelines, forms,
checklists) for Graduated Licensing System
Project C3.1/P4.2.3 Develop a network of adequate, modern and state-of-the-arts driver training areas or
centres
Project C3.1/P4.2.4 Train driving school instructors and driving inspectors
Project C3.1/P4.3.1 Review, update or develop and implement road safety advertising materials and
resources (posters, print media, TV/Radio)
Project C3.1/P4.2.2 Review, update or develop and implement regular road-safety education programmes
for professional drivers
Project C3.1/P4.2.3 Conduct road-safety awareness campaigns for vulnerable road users (school children,
elderly, disabled and alcohol-and-drug affected persons)
Project C3.1/P4.3.4 Train drivers and other road users
Project C3.1/P4.3.5 Develop a comprehensive code-of-conduct for all road-users (drivers, passengers,
pedestrians, street-vendors)
Project C3.1/P4.3.6 Review, update or develop and implement road safety education in school curriculum
with regular revisions
Project C3.1/P4.3.7 Review, update or develop and implement road safety courses at the universities
Project C3.1/P4.3.8 Develop road safety research centres at the universities
Review, update or develop and implement a system of enforcing Nepal Road Rules
Review, update or develop and implement a system of prosecuting rule offenders
Train law enforcement officers and undertake trials for enforcing rules
Review, update or develop and implement random roadside checking system
(registration, driving licence, drink driving, seat-belts, helmet, child restraints, vehicle
roadworthiness, passenger limits, load limits, dimensions, modifications) for compliance
Project C3.1/P4.4.5 Review, update or develop and implement strict safety rules for public and commercial
vehicles
Project C3.1/P4.4.6 Develop measures (engineering + others) and provide logistic supports for monitoring
road users behaviour (CCTV cameras, radar guns, vehicles)

Project C3.1/P4.4.1
Project C3.1/P4.4.2
Project C3.1/P4.4.3
Project C3.1/P4.4.4

4 Sub-Component C3.2 Safer Speeds

Project C3.2/P4.5.1 Review and update or develop posted speed limit system
Project C3.2/P4.5.2 Develop documents (strategy, policy, framework, action plan, manuals, guidelines,
forms, checklists) for posted speed limit system
Project C3.2/P4.5.3 Review, update or develop and implement a system for enforcing speed limits
Project C3.2/P4.5.4 Review, update or develop and implement pedestrian-friendly zones (school zones,
market zones)
Project C3.2/P4.5.5 Review and update or develop speed limit system at pedestrian-friendly zones
Project C3.1/P4.4.6 Develop measures (engineering + others) and provide logistic supports for monitoring
speed limits (speed cameras, radar guns, vehicles)

4 Sub-Component C3.4 Safer Roads

Project C3.4/P4.7.1
Project C3.4/P4.7.2
Project C3.4/P4.7.3
Project C3.4/P4.7.4
Project C3.4/P4.7.5
Project C3.4/P4.7.6

Project C3.4/P4.7.7
Project C3.4/P4.8.1
Project C3.4/P4.8.2
Project C3.4/P4.8.3
Project C3.4/P4.8.4
Project C3.4/P4.8.5
Project C3.4/P4.9.1
Project C3.4/P4.9.2
Project C3.4/P4.9.3
Project C3.4/P4.9.4
Project C3.4/P4.9.5

Review and update Nepal Road Design Standards

Review and update Nepal Road Maintenance Standards
Train engineers for safety retrofit and trial projects
Review and update or develop road-maintenance priority system
Develop design guideline for safer roads and construct required infrastructures
Develop and implement a system of reporting road safety progresses by responsible
road safety authorities
Develop and implement a system of prosecuting road authorities for failing to
provide a safe road environment
Review and update or develop documents (policy, manual, guidelines, forms,
checklists) for traffic control devices
Review, update or develop and implement a system of mandatory work-zone safety
planning
Develop a system to monitor compliance and to enforce laws to regarding traffic
control devices
Review, update or design and implement pedestrian crossings at specified locations
Review and update or develop Assets Management Plan for traffic control devices
Review, update or develop and implement Nepal Road Safety Audit (NRSA) System
Review and update or develop documents (strategy, policy, manual, guidelines,
forms, checklists) for Nepal Road Safety Audit (NRSA) System
Pilot the Nepal Road Safety Audit to samples of SRN
Review, update or develop and implement a system of modifying existing unsafe
roads identified by Nepal road safety audit (NRSA)
Train road safety authorities and stakeholders on safe roads and safety audits

Project C3.4/P4.10.1 Review, update or develop and implement Nepal roadside hazard management
system
Project C3.4/P4.10.2 Review and update or develop documents (strategy, policy, action plan, manual,
guidelines, forms, checklists) for Nepal roadside hazard management system
Project C3.4/P4.10.3 Review, update or develop and implement adequate delineation measures on all
roads
Project C3.4/P4.10.4 Review existing practice of installing guard rails
Project C3.4/P4.10.5 Review, update or develop documents (design standards, specifications, manuals,
guidelines, forms, checklists) for guard rails and other road side barriers
Component C4: Post-Crash (Response and Management) System

4 Project C4/P5.1.1 Review and update or develop post-crash response and management system
4 Project C4/P5.1.2 Review and update or develop documents (framework, strategy, policy, directives,
manual, guidelines, forms, checklists) for post-crash response and management
system
4 Project C4/P5.1.3 Review and update or develop post-crash emergency communication systems (tollfree telephone number, telephone booths, SMS, email, website etc.)
4 Project C4/P5.1.4 Set up an optimal (response time and/or cost minimizing) network of ambulance
services (on-road, helicopters, paramedics) throughout Nepal

4 Project C4/P5.1.5 Develop post-cash facility site maps

4 Project C4/P5.1.6 Develop a national ambulance management documents (strategy, policy, directives,
manual, guidelines, forms, checklists)

4 Project C4/P5.1.7 Develop code-of-conduct for managing crash scenes

4 Project C4/P5.1.8 Train emergency agencies (e.g. Traffic Police, Civilian Police, Army, Fire-brigade,
Paramedics etc.) for improving post-crash response and for managing crash-scenes

4 Project C4/P5.1.9 Open trauma care centers across Nepal

4 Project C4/P5.1.10 Train medical personnel for trauma-care services at all levels (primary, secondary,
tertiary) with expertise on treatment of road crash victims

4 Project C4/P5.1.11 Develop a priority system for caring major crash victims at trauma centers
4 Project C4/P5.1.12 Investigate funding sources and develop a funding model to assist medical
rehabilitation and disability of crash victims

4 Project C4/P5.1.13 Develop documents (strategy and policy) to fund medical rehabilitation and disability
of crash victims

4 Project C4/P5.1.14 Develop policy for employment opportunities for people with crash disabilities
4 Project C4/P5.1.15 Develop and maintain a comprehensive post-crash injury surveillance system in
hospitals and healthcare centers (uniform/standard entry in trauma registry and
improved crash reporting)

Component C5: Crash Investigation and Database System

4 Project C5/P6.1.1
4 Project C5/P6.1.2
4 Project C5/P6.1.3
4 Project C5/P6.1.4
4 Project C5/P6.2.1
4 Project C5/P6.2.2
4 Project C5/P6.2.3
4
4
4
4

Project C5/P6.2.4
Project C5/P6.2.5
Project C5/P6.2.6
Project C5/P6.2.7

Review, update or develop and implement Nepal road crash investigation system (NRCIS)
Review and update or develop documents (policy, manual, guidelines, forms, checklists)
for NRCIS
Review and update or develop Terms-of-Reference (ToR) for crash investigators
Train crash investigators and develop a network of authorised crash investigators
Review, update or develop and implement Nepal Road Crash and Severity Classification
(NRCSC) system
Review, update or develop and implement Nepal Road Crash Data Coding, Collection
and Recording System
Review and update or develop documents (policy, legal requirements, manual, guidelines,
forms, checklists) for Nepal Road Crash Data Coding, Collection and Recording System
Review, update or develop and implement Nepal crash coding system
Review and update or develop a list of crash contributing factors
Review and update Nepal Road Crash Record
Review, develop and utilize modern technologies to collect crash data

Component C6: Road Safety Research and Development

Develop road safety performance statistics
Investigate black spots and develop countermeasures
Review and develop crash cost (human capital approach)
Review and develop crash cost (willingness-to-pay approach)
Develop (base) crash modification factors (CMFs)
Develop safety performance functions (SPFs)
Investigate key crash types and develop countermeasures
Undertake KAP (knowledge-attitude-practice) study on risk acceptance (both providers
and users of road transport service)
4 Project C6/P11.1.9 Undertake needs assessment/feasibility of developing NRAM/NRAP
4 Project C6/P11.1.10 Establish strategic/optimal (response time minimizing, cost minimizing) location of
post-crash response facilities

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

Project C6/P11.1.1
Project C6/P11.1.2
Project C6/P11.1.3
Project C6/P11.1.4
Project C6/P11.1.5
Project C6/P11.1.6
Project C6/P11.1.7
Project C6/P11.1.8

Project 4.9 Crash Prevention System: Development of Road Safety Audit System

(Component C3.4: Pre-crash Systems: Safer Roads)

1. Objective:

4 To develop and implement Road Safety Audit process

2. Description:

4 Develop a compulsory comprehensive road safety auditing process for both existing and new roads.
Develop road safety tools/checklists to be used for auditing process. Develop a system to train expert
road safety auditors.
4 Road Safety Audit projects:
Develop Road Safety Audit Policy
Develop Manual of Road Safety Audit-review existing and improve
Develop training manuals and training programs for auditors
Develop auditors licensing system

4 Systematic safety audit, safety impact and/or road assessment policies and practices in place
4 Develop tools such as NepRAP (similar to AusRAP, EuroRAP)
4 Develop tools such as NepRAM (similar to ANRAM)
3. Reference to UN Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020

4 Pillar 2: Safer Roads and Mobility (Activity 3 - Activity 5: Auditing System for New and Existing Roads)
4. Reference to Nepal Road Safety Action Plan (2013-2020)

4 Pillar 2: Safer Roads and Mobility [Activity B(1): Develop road safety audit manual for non-strategic
roads and gradually enforce safety audits in all roads (strategic and non-strategic roads),
Activity B(2): Introduce compliance policy for safety audits recommendations (strategic and non-strategic
roads)]
5. Information Source:

4 National existing manuals and laws

4 International best practices
6. Outcome:

4 Nepal Road Safety Auditing System

This brochure is prepared to provide an overview on the development of

Nepal Road Safety Management System (NRSMS)
Dr. Kali Prasad Nepal
Senior Lecturer in Civil Engineering (Traffic and Transportation)
Deakin University, Australia
Email: kpnepal@hotmail.com
Dr. Partha Mani Parajuli
Principal Engineer
Queensland Department of Transport & Main Roads, Australia
Email: pmparajuli@gmail.com
K. P. Nepal and P. M. Parajuli