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Neuron
to Brain
FIFTH EDITION
John G. Nicholls
International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy
A. Robert Martin
Emeritus, University of Colorado School of Medicine
Paul A. Fuchs
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
David A. Brown
University College London
Mathew E. Diamond
International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy
David A. Weisblat
University of California, Berkeley
PART I
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
PART IV
PART V
385
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
99
CHAPTER 7
113
CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 9
63
77
129
453
475
PART VI
Development and
Regeneration of the
Nervous System 529
183
243
PART VII
Conclusion
613
615
337
23
Electrical Properties of
Neurons and Glia 61
Intercellular
Communication
335
PART II
PART III
Integrative Mechanisms
317
Contents
Integrative Mechanisms 18
Complexity of the Information Conveyed by Action
Potentials 19
Reverse Traffic of Signals from Higher to Lower
Centers 19
Higher Functions of the Brain 20
Cellular and Molecular Biology of Neurons 20
Signals for Development of the Nervous System 20
Regeneration of the Nervous System after Injury 21
30
xiv Contents
57
Orientation Columns 50
A Receptor Superfamily 81
64
83
Voltage-Activated Channels 86
81
67
74
Glutamate Receptors 92
ATP-Activated Channels 94
Channels Activated by Cyclic Nucleotides 94
Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels 94
Voltage-Sensitive Chloride Channels 94
Inward-Rectifying Potassium Channels 95
2P Channels 95
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels 95
Diversity of Subunits 95
Conclusion 96
Contents xv
104
134
116
136
ATPases 154
SodiumCalcium Exchangers 155
Chloride Transporters 155
Transport Molecules for Neurotransmitters 155
Signicance of Transport Mechanisms 156
xvi Contents
177
177
G Proteins 216
Contents xvii
238
CHAPTER 13 Release of
Neurotransmitters 243
251
Glutamate 279
GABA (-Aminobutyric acid) and glycine 279
Acetylcholine 281
Biogenic Amines 287
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) 290
Peptides 292
Substance P 293
Opioid Peptides 293
Orexins (Hypocretins) 294
Vasopressin and Oxytocin: The Social Brain 296
xviii Contents
313
317
340
Contents xix
395
Olfaction 397
404
415
418
Transduction
xx Contents
Somatosensory System Organization and Texture
Sensation in Rats and Mice 440
CHAPTER 23 Constructing
Perception 475
What Is the Function of Cortical Processing? 476
Tactile Working Memory Task and its Representation
in Primary Somatosensory Cortex 476
480
484
Contents xxi
Terminology 512
Supraspinal Control of Motoneurons 512
Lateral Motor Pathways 512
Medial Motor Pathways 513
Motor Cortex and the Execution of Voluntary
Movement 514
541
529
552
xxii Contents
581
Contents xxiii
615
G1
Bibliography
Index
BB1
I1