Chapter 2, Solution 1.: COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System
Chapter 2, Solution 1.
(a)
(b)
We measure: R = 37 lb, α = 76°
R = 37 lb 76° !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(a)
(b)
We measure: R = 57 lb, α = 86°
R = 57 lb 86° !
(a) Parallelogram law:
(b) Triangle rule:
We measure:
R = 10.5 kN
α = 22.5°
R = 10.5 kN 22.5° !
(a) Parallelogram law:
We measure:
R = 5.4 kN α = 12°
R = 5.4 kN 12° !
(b) Triangle rule:
We measure:
R = 5.4 kN α = 12°
R = 5.4 kN 12° !
Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines

sin β sin 45°
(a) =
150 N 200 N
sin β = 0.53033
β = 32.028°
α + β + 45° = 180°
α = 103.0° !
(b) Using the Law of Sines
Fbb′ 200 N
=
sin α sin 45°
Fbb′ = 276 N !

sin α sin 45°
(a) =
120 N 200 N
sin α = 0.42426
α = 25.104°
or α = 25.1° !
(b) β + 45° + 25.104° = 180°
β = 109.896°
Using the Law of Sines
Faa′ 200 N
=
sin β sin 45°
Faa′ 200 N
=
sin109.896° sin 45°
or Faa′ = 266 N !
Using the triangle rule and the Law of Cosines,

Have: β = 180° − 45°
β = 135°
Then:
R 2 = ( 900 ) + ( 600 ) − 2 ( 900 )( 600 ) cos 135°

2 2
or R = 1390.57 N
Using the Law of Sines,

600 1390.57
=
sin γ sin135°
or γ = 17.7642°
and α = 90° − 17.7642°
α = 72.236°
(a) α = 72.2° !
(b) R = 1.391 kN !
By trigonometry: Law of Sines
F2 R 30
= =
sin α sin 38° sin β
α = 90° − 28° = 62°, β = 180° − 62° − 38° = 80°
Then:
F2 R 30 lb
= =
sin 62° sin 38° sin 80°
or (a) F2 = 26.9 lb !
(b) R = 18.75 lb !
Using the Law of Sines
F1 R 20 lb
= =
sin α sin 38° sin β
α = 90° − 10° = 80°, β = 180° − 80° − 38° = 62°
Then:
F1 R 20 lb
= =
sin 80° sin 38° sin 62°
or (a) F1 = 22.3 lb !
(b) R = 13.95 lb !
60 N 80 N
Using the Law of Sines: =
sin α sin10°
or α = 7.4832°
β = 180° − (10° + 7.4832° )
= 162.517°
Then:
R 80 N
=
sin162.517° sin10°
or R = 138.405 N
(a) α = 7.48° !
(b) R = 138.4 N !
Have: β = 180° − ( 35° + 25° )
= 120°
P R 80 lb
Then: = =
sin 35° sin120° sin 25°
or (a) P = 108.6 lb !
(b) R = 163.9 lb !
80 lb 70 lb
(a) Have: =
sin α sin 35°
sin α = 0.65552
α = 40.959°
or α = 41.0° !
(b) β = 180 − ( 35° + 40.959° )
= 104.041°
R 70 lb
Then: =
sin104.041° sin 35°
or R = 118.4 lb !
We observe that force P is minimum when α = 90°.
Then:
(a) P = ( 80 lb ) sin 35°
or P = 45.9 lb !
And:
(b) R = ( 80 lb ) cos 35°
or R = 65.5 lb !
For TBC to be a minimum,
R and TBC must be perpendicular.

Thus TBC = ( 70 N ) sin 4°
= 4.8829 N
And R = ( 70 N ) cos 4°
= 69.829 N
(a) TBC = 4.88 N 6.00° !

(b) R = 69.8 N !
Using the force triangle and the Laws of Cosines and Sines
We have:
γ = 180° − (15° + 30° )
= 135°
R 2 = (15 lb ) + ( 25 lb ) − 2 (15 lb )( 25 lb ) cos135°

2 2
Then:
= 1380.33 lb2
or R = 37.153 lb
and
25 lb 37.153 lb
=
sin β sin135°
 25 lb 
sin β =   sin135°
 37.153 lb 
= 0.47581
β = 28.412°
Then: α + β + 75° = 180°

α = 76.588°
R = 37.2 lb 76.6° !
Using the Law of Cosines and the Law of Sines,
R 2 = ( 45 lb ) + (15 lb ) − 2 ( 45 lb )(15 lb ) cos135°

2 2
or R = 56.609 lb
56.609 lb 15 lb
=
sin135° sinθ
or θ = 10.7991°
R = 56.6 lb 85.8° !
γ = 180° − 25° − 50°

γ = 105°
Using the Law of Cosines:
R 2 = ( 5 kN ) + ( 8 kN ) − 2 ( 5 kN )( 8 kN ) cos105°
2 2
or R = 10.4740 kN
Using the Law of Sines:

10.4740 kN 8 kN
=
sin105° sin β
or β = 47.542°
and α = 47.542° − 25°
α = 22.542°
R = 10.47 kN 22.5° "
We have: γ = 180° − ( 45° + 25° ) = 110°
R 2 = ( 30 kN ) + ( 20 kN ) − 2 ( 30 kN )( 20 kN ) cos110°
2 2
Then:
= 1710.42 kN 2
R = 41.357 kN
and
20 kN 41.357 kN
=
sin α sin110°
 20 kN 
sin α =   sin110°
 41.357 kN 
= 0.45443
α = 27.028°
Hence: φ = α + 45° = 72.028°

R = 41.4 kN 72.0° !
We have: γ = 180° − ( 45° + 25° ) = 110°
R 2 = ( 30 kN ) + ( 20 kN ) − 2 ( 30 kN )( 20 kN ) cos110°
2 2
Then:
= 1710.42 kN 2
R = 41.357 kN
and
20 kN 41.357 kN
=
sin α sin110°
 20 kN 
sin α =   sin110°
 41.357 kN 
= 0.45443
α = 27.028°
Hence: φ = α + 45° = 72.028°

R = 41.4 kN 72.0° !
We have: γ = 180° − ( 45° + 25° ) = 110°
R 2 = ( 30 kN ) + ( 20 kN ) − 2 ( 30 kN )( 20 kN ) cos110°
2 2
Then:
= 1710.42 kN 2
R = 41.357 kN
and
30 kN 41.357 kN
=
sin α sin110°
 30 kN 
sin α =   sin110°
 41.357 kN 
= 0.68164
α = 42.972°
Finally: φ = α + 45° = 87.972°

R = 41.4 kN 88.0° !
2.4 kN Force: Fx = ( 2.4 kN ) cos 50°
Fx = 1.543 kN
Fy = ( 2.4 kN ) sin 50°
Fy = 1.839 kN
1.85 kN Force: Fx = (1.85 kN ) cos 20°
Fx = 1.738 kN
Fy = (1.85 kN ) sin 20°
Fy = 0.633 kN
1.40 kN Force: Fx = (1.40 kN ) cos 35°
Fx = 1.147 kN
Fy = − (1.40 kN ) sin 35°

Fy = −0.803 kN
5 kips: Fx = ( 5 kips ) cos 40°
or Fx = 3.83 kips
Fy = ( 5 kips ) sin 40°
or Fy = 3.21 kips
7 kips: Fx = − ( 7 kips ) cos 70°
or Fx = −2.39 kips
Fy = ( 7 kips ) sin 70°
or Fy = 6.58 kips
9 kips: Fx = − ( 9 kips ) cos 20°
or Fx = −8.46 kips
Fy = ( 9 kips ) sin 20°

or Fy = 3.08 kips
Determine the following distances:
dOA = ( −160 mm )2 + ( 300 mm )2 = 340 mm
dOB = ( 600 mm )2 + ( 250 mm )2 = 650 mm
dOC = ( 600 mm )2 + ( −110 mm )2 = 610 mm
680 N Force: Fx = 680 N

( −160 mm )
340 mm
Fx = − 320 N !
Fy = 680 N
( 300 mm )
340 mm
Fy = 600 N !
390 N Force: Fx = 390 N

( 600 mm )
650 mm
Fx = 360 N !
Fy = 390 N
( 250 mm )
650 mm
Fy = 150 N !
610 N Force: Fx = 610 N

( 600 mm )
610 mm
Fx = 600 N !
Fy = 610 N
( −110 mm )
610 mm
Fy = −110 N !
We compute the following distances:
OA = ( 48)2 + ( 90 )2 = 102 in.
OB = ( 56 )2 + ( 90 )2 = 106 in.
OC = (80 )2 + ( 60 )2 = 100 in.
Then:
204 lb Force:
48
Fx = − ( 204 lb ) , Fx = −96.0 lb
102
90
Fy = + ( 204 lb ) , Fy = 180.0 lb
102
212 lb Force:
56
Fx = + ( 212 lb ) , Fx = 112.0 lb
106
90
Fy = + ( 212 lb ) , Fy = 180.0 lb
106
400 lb Force:
80
Fx = − ( 400 lb ) , Fx = −320 lb
100
60
Fy = − ( 400 lb ) , Fy = −240 lb
100
Py
(a) P=
sin 35°
960 N
=
sin 35°
or P = 1674 N
Py
(b) Px =
tan 35°
960 N
=
tan 35°
or Px = 1371 N
Px
(a) P=
cos 40°
30 lb
P=
cos 40°
or P = 39.2 lb !
(b) Py = Px tan 40°
Py = ( 30 lb ) tan 40°
or Py = 25.2 lb !
(a) Py = 100 N
Py
P=
sin 75°
100 N
P=
sin 75°
or P = 103.5 N "
Py
(b) Px =
tan 75°
100 N
Px =
tan 75°
or Px = 26.8 N "
We note:
CB exerts force P on B along CB, and the horizontal component of P is Px = 260 lb.
Then:
(a) Px = P sin 50°
Px
P=
sin 50°
260 lb
=
sin 50°
= 339.40 lb P = 339 lb !
(b) Px = Py tan 50°
Px
Py =
tan 50°
260 lb
=
tan 50°
= 218.16 lb Py = 218 lb !
45 N
(a) P=
cos 20°
or P = 47.9 N !
(b) Px = ( 47.9 N ) sin 20°
or Px = 16.38 N !
18 N
(a) P=
sin 20°
or P = 52.6 N !
18 N
(b) Py =
tan 20°
or Py = 49.5 N !
From the solution to Problem 2.21:

F2.4 = (1.543 kN ) i + (1.839 kN ) j
F1.85 = (1.738 kN ) i + ( 0.633 kN ) j
F1.40 = (1.147 kN ) i − ( 0.803 kN ) j
R = ΣF = ( 4.428 kN ) i + (1.669 kN ) j
R= ( 4.428 kN )2 + (1.669 kN )2
= 4.7321 kN
1.669 kN
tan α =
4.428 kN
α = 20.652°
R = 4.73 kN 20.6° !
F5 = ( 3.83 kips ) i + ( 3.21 kips ) j
F7 = − ( 2.39 kips ) i + ( 6.58 kips ) j
F9 = − ( 8.46 kips ) i + ( 3.08 kips ) j
R = ΣF = − ( 7.02 kips ) i + (12.87 ) j
R= ( − 7.02 kips )2 + (12.87 kips )2 = 14.66 kips
 12.87 
α = tan −1   = 61.4°
 − 7.02 
R = 14.66 kips 61.4° !
FOA = − ( 48.0 lb ) i + ( 90.0 lb ) j
FOB = (112.0 lb ) i + (180.0 lb ) j
FOC = − ( 320 lb ) i − ( 240 lb ) j
R = ΣF = − ( 256 lb ) i + ( 30 lb ) j
R= ( − 256 lb )2 + ( 30 lb )2
= 257.75 lb
30 lb
tan α =
−256 lb
α = − 6.6839°
R = 258 lb 6.68° !
From Problem 2.23:
FOA = − ( 320 N ) i + ( 600 N ) j
FOB = ( 360 N ) i + (150 N ) j
FOC = ( 600 N ) i − (110 N ) j
R = ΣF = ( 640 N ) i + ( 640 N ) j
R= ( 640 N )2 + ( 640 N )2
= 905.097 N
640 N
tan α =
640 N
α = 45.0°
R = 905 N 45.0° !
Cable BC Force:
84
Fx = − (145 lb ) = −105 lb
116
80
Fy = (145 lb ) = 100 lb
116
100-lb Force:
3
Fx = − (100 lb ) = −60 lb
5
4
Fy = − (100 lb ) = −80 lb
5
156-lb Force:
12
Fx = (156 lb ) = 144 lb
13
5
Fy = − (156 lb ) = −60 lb
13
and
Rx = ΣFx = −21 lb, Ry = ΣFy = −40 lb
R= ( −21 lb )2 + ( −40 lb )2 = 45.177 lb

Further:
40
tan α =
21
40
α = tan −1 = 62.3°
21
Thus: R = 45.2 lb 62.3° !
(a) Since R is to be horizontal, Ry = 0

Then, Ry = ΣFy = 0
90 lb + ( 70 lb ) sin α − (130 lb ) cos α = 0
(13) cosα = ( 7 ) sin α + 9

13 1 − sin 2 α = ( 7 ) sin α + 9
Squaring both sides: ( )

169 1 − sin 2 α = ( 49 ) sin 2 α + (126 ) sin α + 81
( 218) sin 2 α + (126 ) sin α − 88 = 0

Solving by quadratic formula: sin α = 0.40899
or α = 24.1° !
(b) Since R is horizontal, R = Rx
Then, R = Rx = ΣFx
ΣFx = ( 70 ) cos 24.142° + (130 ) sin 24.142°

or R = 117.0 lb !
300-N Force:
Fx = ( 300 N ) cos 20° = 281.91 N
Fy = ( 300 N ) sin 20° = 102.61 N
400-N Force:
Fx = ( 400 N ) cos85° = 34.862 N
Fy = ( 400 N ) sin 85° = 398.48 N
600-N Force:
Fx = ( 600 N ) cos 5° = 597.72 N
Fy = − ( 600 N ) sin 5° = −52.293 N
and
Rx = ΣFx = 914.49 N
Ry = ΣFy = 448.80 N
R= ( 914.49 N )2 + ( 448.80 N )2 = 1018.68 N
Further:
448.80
tan α =
914.49
448.80
α = tan −1 = 26.1°
914.49
R = 1019 N 26.1° !
ΣFx :
Rx = ΣFx
Rx = ( 600 N ) cos 50° + ( 300 N ) cos85° − ( 700 N ) cos 50°
Rx = − 38.132 N
ΣFy :
Ry = ΣFy
Ry = ( 600 N ) sin 50° + ( 300 N ) sin 85° + ( 700 N ) sin 50°
Ry = 1294.72 N
R= ( − 38.132 N )2 + (1294.72 N )2
R = 1295 N
1294.72 N
tan α =
38.132 N
α = 88.3°
R = 1.295 kN 88.3° !
We have:
84 12 3
Rx = ΣFx = − TBC + (156 lb ) − (100 lb )
116 13 5
or Rx = −0.72414TBC + 84 lb
and
80 5 4
R y = ΣFy = TBC − (156 lb ) − (100 lb )
116 13 5
Ry = 0.68966TBC − 140 lb
(a) So, for R to be vertical,
Rx = −0.72414TBC + 84 lb = 0
TBC = 116.0 lb !
(b) Using
TBC = 116.0 lb
R = R y = 0.68966 (116.0 lb ) − 140 lb = −60 lb
R = R = 60.0 lb !
(a) Since R is to be vertical, Rx = 0
Then, Rx = ΣFx = 0
( 600 N ) cosα + ( 300 N ) cos (α + 35°) − ( 700 N ) cos α = 0

Expanding: 3 ( cos α cos 35° − sin α sin 35° ) − cos α = 0
1
cos 35° −  
Then: tan α = 3
sin 35°
α = 40.265°
α = 40.3° !
(b) Since R is vertical, R = Ry
Then: R = Ry = ΣFy
R = ( 600 N ) sin 40.265° + ( 300 N ) sin 75.265° + ( 700 N ) sin 40.265°
R = 1130 N
R = 1.130 kN !
Selecting the x axis along aa′, we write
Rx = ΣFx = 300 N + ( 400 N ) cos α + ( 600 N ) sin α (1)
R y = ΣFy = ( 400 N ) sin α − ( 600 N ) cos α (2)
(a) Setting R y = 0 in Equation (2):
600
Thus tan α = = 1.5
400
α = 56.3° !
(b) Substituting for α in Equation (1):
Rx = 300 N + ( 400 N ) cos 56.3° + ( 600 N ) sin 56.3°
Rx = 1021.11 N
R = Rx = 1021 N !
(a) Require Ry = ΣFy = 0:
( 900 lb ) cos 25° + (1200 lb ) sin 35° − TAE sin 65° = 0

or TAE = 1659.45 lb
TAE = 1659 lb !
(b) R = ΣFx
R = − ( 900 lb ) sin 25° − (1200 lb ) cos 35° − (1659.45 lb ) cos 65°
R = 2060 lb !
Free-Body Diagram Force Triangle
Law of Sines:
FAC TBC 400 lb

= =
sin 25° sin 60° sin 95°
400 lb
(a) FAC = sin 25° = 169.691 lb FAC = 169.7 lb !
sin 95°
400
(b) TBC = sin 60° = 347.73 lb TBC = 348 lb !
sin 95°
Free-Body Diagram:
4 21
ΣFx = 0: − TCA + TCB = 0
5 29
 29  4 
or TCB =    TCA
 21  5 
3 20
ΣFy = 0: TCA + TCB − ( 3 kN ) = 0
5 29
3 20  29 4 
Then TCA +  × TCA  − ( 3 kN ) = 0
5 29  21 5 
or TCA = 2.2028 kN
(a) TCA = 2.20 kN !
(b) TCB = 2.43 kN !
Free-Body Diagram:
ΣFy = 0: − FB sin 50° + FC sin 70° = 0
sin 50°
FC = ( FB )
sin 70°
ΣFx = 0: − FB cos 50° − FC cos 70° + 940 N = 0
  sin 50°  
FB cos 50° + cos 70°    = 940
  sin 70°  
FB = 1019.96 N
sin 50°
FC = (1019.96 N )
sin 70°
or FC = 831 N !
FB = 1020 N !
Free-Body Diagram:
ΣFx = 0: − TAB cos 25° − TAC cos 40° + ( 70 lb ) cos10° = 0 (1)
ΣFy = 0: TAB sin 25° − TAC sin 40° + ( 70 lb ) sin10° = 0 (2)
Solving Equations (1) and (2) simultaneously:
(a) TAB = 38.6 lb !
(b) TAC = 44.3 lb !
Free-Body Diagram:
(a) ΣFx = 0: − TAB cos 30° + R cos 65° = 0
cos 30°
R= TAB
cos 65°
ΣFy = 0: − TAB sin 30° + R sin 65° − ( 550 N ) = 0
 cos 30° 
TAB  − sin 30° + sin 65°  − 550 = 0
 cos 65° 
or TAB = 405 N !
cos30°
(b) R= ( 450 N )
cos 65°
or R = 830 N !
Free-Body Diagram At B:
12 17
ΣFx = 0: − TBA + TBC = 0
13 293
or TBA = 1.07591 TBC
5 2
ΣFy = 0: TBA + TBC − 300 N = 0
13 293
 5  293
TBC =  300 − TBA 
 13  2
TBC = 2567.6 − 3.2918 TBA
TBC = 2567.6 − 3.2918 (1.07591TBC )
or TBC = 565.34 N
Free-Body Diagram At C:
17 24
ΣFx = 0: − TBC + TCD = 0
293 25
( 565.34 N )  
17 25
TCD =
293  24 
TCD = 584.86 N
2 7
ΣFy = 0: − TBC + TCD − WC = 0
293 25
2 7
WC = − ( 565.34 N ) + ( 584.86 N )
293 25
or WC = 97.7 N !
Free-Body Diagram:
ΣFx = 0:
− 8 kips + 15 kips − TD cos 40° = 0
TD = 9.1378 kips
TD = 9.14 kips !
ΣFy = 0: ( 9.1378 kips ) sin 40° − TC =0
TC = 5.87 kips !
Free-Body Diagram:
ΣFy = 0:
− 9 kips + TD sin 40° = 0
TD = 14.0015 kips
TD = 14.00 kips
ΣFx = 0:
− 6 kips + TB − (14.0015 kips ) cos 40° = 0
TB = 16.73 kips
TB = 16.73 kips
Free-Body Diagram:
ΣFx = 0: FC + ( 2.3 kN ) sin15° − ( 2.1 kN ) cos15° = 0
or FC = 1.433 kN
ΣFy = 0: FD − ( 2.3 kN ) cos15° + ( 2.1 kN ) sin15° = 0
or FD = 1.678 kN
Free-Body Diagram:
ΣFx = 0: − FB cos15° + 2.4 kN + (1.9 kN ) sin15° = 0
or FB = 2.9938 kN
FB = 2.99 kN
ΣFy = 0: FD − (1.9 kN ) cos15° + ( 2.9938 kN ) sin15° = 0
FD = 1.060 kN
From Similar Triangles we have:
L2 − ( 2.5 m ) = ( 8 − L ) − ( 5.45 m )
2 2 2
− 6.25 = 64 − 16 L − 29.7025
or L = 2.5342 m
5.45 m
And cos β =
8 m − 2.5342 m
or β = 4.3576°
2.5 m
Then cos α =
2.5342 m
or α = 9.4237°
ΣFx = 0:
− TABC cos α − ( 35 N ) cos α + TABC cos β = 0
or TABC =
( 35) cos 9.4237°
cos 4.3576° − cos 9.4237°
TABC = 3255.9 N
ΣFy = 0:
TABC sin α + ( 35 N ) sin α + TABC sin β − W = 0
sin 9.4237° ( 3255.9 N + 35 N ) + ( 3255.9 N ) sin 4.3576° − W = 0
or W = 786.22 N
(a) W = 786 N "
(b) TABC = 3.26 kN "
From Similar Triangles we have:
L2 − ( 3 m ) = ( 8 − L ) − ( 4.95 m )
2 2 2
− 9 = 64 − 16 L − 24.5025
or L = 3.0311 m
4.95 m
Then cos β =
8 m − 3.0311 m
or β = 4.9989°
3m
And cos α =
3.0311 m
or α = 8.2147°
(a) ΣFx = 0:
− TABC cos α − TDE cos α + TABC cos β = 0
cos β − cos α
or TDE = TABC
cos α
ΣFy = 0:
TABC sin α + TDE sin α + TABC sin β − ( 720 N ) = 0
  cos β − cos α  
TABC sin α + sin α   + sin β  = 720
  cos α  
TABC =
( 720 ) cosα
sin (α + β )
Substituting for α and β gives
TABC =
( 720 ) cos8.2147°
sin (8.2147° + 4.9989° )
TABC = 3117.5 N
or TABC = 3.12 kN "
cos 4.9989° − cos8.2147°

(b) TDE = ( 3117.5 N )
cos8.2147°
TDE = 20.338 N
or TDE = 20.3 N "

3 15 15
ΣFx = 0: − TAC + TBC − (150 lb ) = 0
5 17 17
17
or − TAC + 5 TBC = 750 (1)
5
4 8 8
ΣFy = 0: TAC + TBC − (150 lb ) − 190 lb = 0
5 17 17
17
or TAC + 2 TBC = 1107.5 (2)
5
Then adding Equations (1) and (2)
7 TBC = 1857.5
or TBC = 265.36 lb
Therefore (a) TAC = 169.6 lb !
(b) TBC = 265 lb !
3 15 15
ΣFx = 0: − TAC + TBC − (150 lb ) = 0
5 17 17
17
or − TAC + 5 TBC = 750 (1)
5
4 8 8
ΣFy = 0: TAC + TBC − (150 lb ) − W = 0
5 17 17
17 17
or TAC + 2 TBC = 300 + W (2)
5 4
17
Adding Equations (1) and (2) gives 7 TBC = 1050 + W
4
17
or TBC = 150 + W
28
17  17 
− TAC + 5 150 + W = 750
28 
Using Equation (1)
5 
25
or TAC = W
28
25
Now for T ≤ 240 lb ⇒ TAC : 240 = W
28
or W = 269 lb
17
TBC : 240 = 150 + W
28
or W = 148.2 lb
Therefore 0 ≤ W ≤ 148.2 lb !
Free-Body Diagram At A:
First note from geometry:
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AD are in the ratio 12:35:37.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AC are in the ratio 3:4:5.
The sides of the triangle with hypotenuse AB are also in the ratio
12:35:37.
Then:
4 35 12
ΣFx = 0: − ( 3W ) + (W ) + Fs = 0
5 37 37
or
Fs = 4.4833W
and
3 12 35
ΣFy = 0: ( 3W ) + (W ) + Fs − 400 N = 0
5 37 37
Then:
3 12 35
( 3W ) + (W ) + ( 4.4833W ) − 400 N = 0
5 37 37
or
W = 62.841 N
and
Fs = 281.74 N
or
(a) W = 62.8 N
(b) Have spring force
Fs = k ( LAB − LO )
Where
FAB = k AB ( LAB − LO )
and
LAB = ( 0.360 m )2 + (1.050 m )2 = 1.110 m
So:
281.74 N = 800 N/m (1.110 − LO ) m
or
LO = 758 mm
Free-Body Diagram At A:
First Note ...
With LAB = ( 22 in.)2 + (16.5 in.)2

LAB = 27.5 in.
LAD = ( 30 in.)2 + (16 in.)2

LAD = 34 in.
Then FAB = k AB ( LAB − LO )

= ( 9 lb/in.)( 27.5 in. − 22.5 in.)
= 45 lb
FAD = k AD ( LAD − LO )
= ( 3 lb/in.)( 34 in. − 22.5 in.)
= 34.5 lb
4 7 15
(a) ΣFx = 0: − ( 45 lb ) + TAC + ( 34.5 lb ) = 0
5 25 17
or TAC = 19.8529 lb
TAC = 19.85 lb !
3 24 8
(b) ΣFy = 0: ( 45 lb ) + (19.8529 lb ) + ( 34.5 lb ) − W = 0
5 25 17
W = 62.3 lb !
(a) For TAB to be a minimum
TAB must be perpendicular to TAC
∴ α + 10° = 60°
or α = 50.0° W
(b) Then TAB = ( 70 lb ) sin 30°
or TAB = 35.0 lb W
Note: In problems of this type, P may be directed along one of the cables, with T = Tmax in that cable and
T = 0 in the other, or P may be directed in such a way that T is maximum in both cables. The second
possibility is investigated first.
Force Triangle
Force triangle is isoceles with 2 β = 180° − 85°

β = 47.5°
P = 2 ( 900 N ) cos 47.5° = 1216 N
Since P > 0, solution is correct

(a) P = 1216 N !
α = 180° − 55° − 47.5° = 77.5°

(b) α = 77.5° !
Note: Refer to Note in Problem 2.60
Force Triangle
(a) Law of Cosines

P 2 = (1400 N ) + ( 700 N ) − 2 (1400 N )( 700 N ) cos85°
2 2
or P = 1510 N !
(b) Law of Sines

sin β sin 85°
=
1400 N 1510 N
sin β = 0.92362
β = 67.461°
α = 180° − 55° − 67.461°
or α = 57.5° !
Free-Body Diagram At C: ΣFx = 0:
2Tx − 1200 N = 0
Tx = 600 N
(Tx )2 + (Ty )
2
= T2
( 600 N )2 + (Ty ) = ( 870 N )

2 2
Ty = 630 N
By similar triangles:
AC 1.8 m
=
870 N 630 N
AC = 2.4857 m
L = 2( AC )
L = 2 ( 2.4857 m )
L = 4.97 m
L = 4.97 m "
TBC must be perpendicular to FAC to be as small as possible.
Free-Body Diagram: C Force Triangle is a Right Triangle
(a) We observe: α = 55°

α = 55° !
(b) TBC = ( 400 lb ) sin 60°
or TBC = 346.41 lb TBC = 346 lb !
At Collar A ... Have Fs = k ( L′AB − LAB )
For stretched length
L′AB = (12 in.)2 + (16 in.)2

L′AB = 20 in.
For unstretched length
LAB = 12 2 in.
Then (
Fs = 4 lb/in. 20 − 12 2 in. )
Fs = 12.1177 lb
For the collar ...
ΣFy = 0
4
−W + (12.1177 lb ) = 0
5
W = 9.69 lb !
At Collar A ...
ΣFy = 0:
h
− 9 lb + Fs = 0
12 + h 2
2
or hFs = 9 144 + h 2
Now Fs = k ( L′AB − LAB )
Where the stretched length
L′AB = (12 in.)2 + h2

LAB = 12 2 in.
Then hFs = 9 144 + h 2
Becomes h 3 lb/in.
 ( 144 + h 2
)
− 12 2  = 9 144 + h 2

or ( h − 3) 144 + h 2 = 12 2 h
Solving Numerically ... h = 16.81 in.
Free-Body Diagram: B (a) Have: TBD + FAB + TBC = 0
where magnitude and direction of TBD are known, and the direction
of FAB is known.
Then, in a force triangle:
By observation, TBC is minimum when α = 90.0°
(b) Have TBC = ( 310 N ) sin (180° − 70° − 30° )
= 305.29 N
TBC = 305 N
Since TAB = TBC = 140 lb, Force triangle is isosceles:
With 2β + 75° = 180°
β = 52.5°
Then α = 90° − 52.5° − 30°
α = 7.50°
P
= (140 lb ) cos 52.5°
2
P = 170.453 lb
P = 170.5 lb 7.50°
Free-Body Diagram of Pulley

( )
ΣFy = 0: 2T − ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
(a)
1
T = ( 2746.8 N )
2
T = 1373 N
(b) ( )
ΣFy = 0: 2T − ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
1
T = ( 2746.8 N )
2
T = 1373 N
( )
ΣFy = 0: 3T − ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
(c)
1
T = ( 2746.8 N )
3
T = 916 N
( )
ΣFy = 0: 3T − ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
(d) 1
T = ( 2746.8 N )
3
T = 916 N
( )
ΣFy = 0: 4T − ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
1
(e) T = ( 2746.8 N )
4
T = 687 N
Free-Body Diagram of Pulley and

Crate
(b)
( )
ΣFy = 0: 3T − ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
1
T = ( 2746.8 N )
3
T = 916 N
(d)
( )
ΣFy = 0: 4T − ( 280 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 0
1
T = ( 2746.8 N )
4
T = 687 N
Free-Body Diagram: Pulley C
(a) ΣFx = 0: TACB ( cos 30° − cos 50° ) − ( 800 N ) cos 50° = 0
Hence TACB = 2303.5 N
TACB = 2.30 kN
(b) ΣFy = 0: TACB ( sin 30° + sin 50° ) + ( 800 N ) sin 50° − Q = 0
( 2303.5 N )( sin 30° + sin 50° ) + (800 N ) sin 50° − Q = 0

or Q = 3529.2 N Q = 3.53 kN
Free-Body Diagram: Pulley C
ΣFx = 0: TACB ( cos 30° − cos 50° ) − P cos 50° = 0
or P = 0.34730TACB (1)
ΣFy = 0: TACB ( sin 30° + sin 50° ) + P sin 50° − 2000 N = 0
or 1.26604TACB + 0.76604 P = 2000 N (2)
(a) Substitute Equation (1) into Equation (2):
1.26604TACB + 0.76604 ( 0.34730TACB ) = 2000 N
Hence: TACB = 1305.41 N
TACB = 1305 N
(b) Using (1)
P = 0.34730 (1305.41 N ) = 453.37 N
P = 453 N
First replace 30 lb forces by their resultant Q:
Q = 2 ( 30 lb ) cos 25°
Q = 54.378 lb
Equivalent loading at A:
Law of Cosines:
(120 lb )2 = (100 lb )2 + ( 54.378 lb )2 − 2 (100 lb )( 54.378 lb ) cos (125° − α ) cos (125° − α ) = − 0.132685
This gives two values: 125° − α = 97.625°
α = 27.4°
125° − α = − 97.625°
α = 223°
Thus for R < 120 lb:
27.4° < α < 223° !
(a) Fx = ( 950 lb ) sin 50° cos 40°

= 557.48 lb
Fx = 557 lb !
Fy = − ( 950 lb ) cos 50°

= − 610.65 lb
Fy = − 611 lb !
Fz = ( 950 lb ) sin 50° sin 40°

= 467.78 lb
Fz = 468 lb !
557.48 lb
(b) cosθ x =
950 lb
or θ x = 54.1° !
− 610.65 lb
cosθ y =
950 lb
or θ y = 130.0° !
467.78 lb
cosθ z =
950 lb
or θ z = 60.5° !
(a) Fx = − ( 810 lb ) cos 45° sin 25°

= − 242.06 lb
Fx = −242 lb !
Fy = − ( 810 lb ) sin 45°

= − 572.76 lb
Fy = − 573 lb !
Fz = (810 lb ) cos 45° cos 25°

= 519.09 lb
Fz = 519 lb !
−242.06 lb
(b) cosθ x =
810 lb
or θ x = 107.4° !
− 572.76 lb
cosθ y =
810 lb
or θ y = 135.0° !
519.09 lb
cosθ z =
810 lb
or θ z = 50.1° !
(a) Fx = ( 900 N ) cos 30° cos 25°

= 706.40 N
Fx = 706 N !
Fy = ( 900 N ) sin 30°

= 450.00 N
Fy = 450 N !
Fz = − ( 900 N ) cos 30° sin 25°

= − 329.04 N
Fz = − 329 N !
706.40 N
(b) cosθ x =
900 N
or θ x = 38.3° !
450.00 N
cosθ y =
900 N
or θ y = 60.0° !
−329.40 N
cosθ z =
900 N
or θ z = 111.5° !
(a) Fx = − (1900 N ) sin 20° sin 70°
= − 610.65 N
Fx = − 611 N !
Fy = (1900 N ) cos 20°
= 1785.42 N
Fy = 1785 N !
Fz = (1900 N ) sin 20° cos 70°
= 222.26 N
Fz = 222 N !
−610.65 N
(b) cosθ x =
1900 N
or θ x = 108.7° !
1785.42 N
cosθ y =
1900 N
or θ y = 20.0° !
222.26 N
cosθ z =
1900 N
or θ z = 83.3° !
(a) Fx = (180 lb ) cos 35° sin 20°

= 50.430 lb
Fx = 50.4 lb !
Fy = − (180 lb ) sin 35°
= −103.244 lb
Fy = −103.2 lb !
Fz = (180 lb ) cos 35° cos 20°

= 138.555 lb
Fz = 138.6 lb !
50.430 lb
(b) cosθ x =
180 lb
or θ x = 73.7° !
−103.244 lb
cosθ y =
180 lb
or θ y = 125.0° !
138.555 lb
cosθ z =
180 lb
or θ z = 39.7° !
(a) Fx = (180 lb ) cos 30° cos 25°

= 141.279 lb
Fx = 141.3 lb !
Fy = − (180 lb ) sin 30°
= − 90.000 lb
Fy = − 90.0 lb !
Fz = (180 lb ) cos 30° sin 25°

= 65.880 lb
Fz = 65.9 lb !
141.279 lb
(b) cosθ x =
180 lb
or θ x = 38.3° !
−90.000 lb
cosθ y =
180 lb
or θ y = 120.0° !
65.880 lb
cosθ z =
180 lb
or θ z = 68.5° !
(a) Fx = − ( 220 N ) cos 60° cos 35°
= − 90.107 N
Fx = − 90.1 N W
Fy = ( 220 N ) sin 60°
= 190.526 N
Fy = 190.5 N W
Fz = − ( 220 N ) cos 60° sin 35°
= − 63.093 N
Fz = − 63.1 N W
−90.107 Ν
(b) cosθ x =
220 N
θ x = 114.2° W
190.526 N
cosθ y =
220 N
θ y = 30.0° W
−63.093 N
cosθ z =
220 N
θ z = 106.7° W
(a) Fx = 180 N
With Fx = F cos 60° cos 35°
180 N = F cos 60° cos 35°
or F = 439.38 N
F = 439 N !
180 N
(b) cosθ x =
439.48 N
θ x = 65.8° !
Fy = ( 439.48 N ) sin 60°
Fy = 380.60 N
380.60 N
cosθ y =
439.48 N
θ y = 30.0° !
Fz = − ( 439.48 N ) cos 60° sin 35°
Fz = −126.038 N
−126.038 N
cosθ z =
439.48 N
θ z = 106.7° !
F= Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2
F = ( 65 N )2 + ( − 80 N )2 + ( − 200 N )2
F = 225 N !
Fx 65 N
cosθ x = =
F 225 N
θ x = 73.2° !
Fy − 80 N
cosθ y = =
F 225 N
θ y = 110.8° !
Fz − 200 N
cosθ z = =
F 225 N
θ z = 152.7° !
F= Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2
F = ( 450 N )2 + ( 600 N )2 + ( −1800 N )2

F = 1950 N !
Fx 450 N
cosθ x = =
F 1950 N
θ x = 76.7° !
Fy 600 N
cosθ y = =
F 1950 N
θ y = 72.1° !
Fz −1800 N
cosθ z = =
F 1950 N
θ z = 157.4° !
We have ( cosθ x ) + cosθ y ( ) + ( cosθ z )2 = 1

2 2
(a)
( cosθ y ) = 1 − ( cosθ x ) − ( cosθ z )

2 2 2
Since Fy < 0 we must have cosθ y < 0
cosθ y = − 1 − ( cos 43.2° ) − cos ( 83.8° )

2 2
Thus
cosθ y = − 0.67597
θ y = 132.5° !
Fy
(b) Then: F =
cosθ y
− 50 lb
F=
− 0.67597
F = 73.968 lb
And Fx = F cosθ x
Fx = ( 73.968 lb ) cos 43.2°
Fx = 53.9 lb !
Fz = F cosθ z
Fz = ( 73.968 lb ) cos83.8°
Fz = 7.99 lb !
F = 74.0 lb !
We have ( cosθ x ) + cosθ y ( ) + ( cosθ z )2 = 1

2 2
(a)
or ( cosθ z ) = 1 − ( cosθ x ) − cosθ y( )

2 2 2
Since Fz < 0 we must have cosθ z < 0
cosθ z = − 1 − ( cos113.2° ) − cos ( 78.4° )

2 2
Thus
cosθ z = − 0.89687
θ z = 153.7° !
Fz − 35 lb
(b) Then: F = =
cosθ z − 0.89687
F = 39.025 lb
And Fx = F cosθ x
Fx = ( 39.025 lb ) cos113.2°
Fx = −15.37 lb !
Fy = F cosθ y
Fy = ( 39.025 lb ) cos 78.4°
Fy = 7.85 lb !
F = 39.0 lb !
(a) We have Fy = F cosθ y
Fy = ( 250 N ) cos 72.4°
Fy = 75.592 N
Fy = 75.6 N !
Then F 2 = Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2
( 250 N )2 = (80 N )2 + ( 75.592 N )2 + Fz2

Fz = 224.47 N
Fz = 224 N !
Fx
(b) cosθ x =
F
80 N
cosθ x =
250 N
θ x = 71.3° !
Fz
cosθ z =
F
224.47 N
cosθ z =
250 N
θ z = 26.1° !
(a) Have Fx = F cosθ x
Fx = ( 320 N ) cos104.5°
Fx = − 80.122 N
Fx = − 80.1 N !
Then: F 2 = Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2
( 320 N )2 = ( − 80.122 N )2 + Fy2 + ( −120 N )2

Fy = 285.62 N
Fy = 286 N !
Fy
(b) cosθ y =
F
285.62 N
cosθ y =
320 N
θ y = 26.8° !
Fz
cosθ z =
F
−120 N
cosθ z =
320 N
θ z = 112.0° !
!!!"
DB = ( 36 in.) i − ( 42 in.) j − ( 36 in.) k
DB = ( 36 in.)2 + ( − 42 in.)2 + ( − 36 in.)2 = 66 in.

!!!"
DB
TDB = TDBλDB = TDB
DB
55 lb
TDB = ( 36 in.) i − ( 42 in.) j − ( 36 in.) k 
66 in. 
= ( 30 lb ) i − ( 35 lb ) j − ( 30 lb ) k
∴ (TDB ) x = 30.0 lb !
(TDB ) y = − 35.0 lb !
(TDB ) z = − 30.0 lb !
!!!"
EB = ( 36 in.) i − ( 45 in.) j + ( 48 in.) k
EB = ( 36 in.)2 + ( − 45 in.)2 + ( 48 in.)2 = 75 in.

!!!"
EB
TEB = TEBλEB = TEB
EB
60 lb
TEB = ( 36 in.) i − ( 45 in.) j + ( 48 in.) k 
75 in. 
= ( 28.8 lb ) i − ( 36 lb ) j + ( 38.4 lb ) k
∴ (TEB ) x = 28.8 lb !
(TEB ) y = − 36.0 lb !
(TEB ) z = 38.4 lb !
!!!"
BA = ( 4 m ) i + ( 20 m ) j − ( 5 m ) k
BA = ( 4 m )2 + ( 20 m )2 + ( − 5 m )2 = 21 m
!!!"
BA 2100 N
F = F λ BA = F = ( 4 m ) i + ( 20 m ) j − ( 5 m ) k 
BA 21 m 
F = ( 400 N ) i + ( 2000 N ) j − ( 500 N ) k
Fx = + 400 N, Fy = + 2000 N, Fz = − 500 N !
!!!"
DA = ( 4 m ) i + ( 20 m ) j + (14.8 m ) k
DA = ( 4 m )2 + ( 20 m )2 + (14.8 m )2 = 25.2 m
!!!"
DA 1260 N
F = F λ DA = F = ( 4 m ) i + ( 20 m ) j + (14.8 m ) k 
DA 25.2 m 
F = ( 200 N ) i + (1000 N ) j + ( 740 N ) k
Fx = + 200 N, Fy = + 1000 N, Fz = + 740 N !
uuuv
BG = − (1 m ) i + (1.85 m ) j − ( 0.8 m ) k
BG = ( −1 m )2 + (1.85 m )2 + ( − 0.8 m )2
BG = 2.25 m
uuuv
BG
TBG = TBG λBG = TBG
BG
450 N
TBG =  − (1 m ) i + (1.85 m ) j − ( 0.8 m ) k 
2.25 m 
= − ( 200 N ) i + ( 370 N ) j − (160 N ) k
∴ (TBG ) x = − 200 N
(TBG ) y = 370 N
(TBG ) z = −160.0 N
uuuuv
BH = ( 0.75 m ) i + (1.5 m ) j − (1.5 m ) k
BH = ( 0.75 m )2 + (1.5 m )2 + ( −1.5 m )2

= 2.25 m
uuuuv
BH
TBH = TBH λBH = TBH
BH
600 N
TBH = ( 0.75 m ) i + (1.5 m ) j − (1.5 m ) k 
2.25 m 
= ( 200 N ) i + ( 400 N ) j − ( 400 N ) k
∴ (TBH ) x = 200 N
(TBH ) y = 400 N
(TBH ) z = − 400 N
P = ( 4 kips ) [ cos 30° sin 20°i − sin 30°j + cos 30° cos 20°k ]
= (1.18479 kips ) i − ( 2 kips ) j + ( 3.2552 kips ) k
Q = (8 kips ) [ − cos 45° sin15°i + sin 45°j − cos 45° cos15°k ]
= − (1.46410 kips ) i + ( 5.6569 kips ) j − ( 5.4641 kips ) k
R = P + Q = − ( 0.27931 kip ) i + ( 3.6569 kips ) j − ( 2.2089 kips ) k
R= ( − 0.27931 kip)2 + (3.6569 kips )2 + ( − 2.2089 kips)2

R = 4.2814 kips or R = 4.28 kips
Rx − 0.27931 kip
cosθ x = = = − 0.065238
R 4.2814 kips
Ry 3.6569 kips
cos θ y = = = 0.85414
R 4.2814 kips
Rz − 2.2089 kips
cos θ z = = = − 0.51593
R 4.2814 kips
or θ x = 93.7°
θ y = 31.3°
θ z = 121.1°
P = ( 6 kips ) [ cos 30° sin 20°i − sin 30°j + cos 30° cos 20°k ]
= (1.77719 kips ) i − ( 3 kips ) j + ( 4.8828 kips ) k
Q = ( 7 kips ) [ − cos 45° sin15°i + sin 45°j − cos 45° cos15°k ]
= − (1.28109 kips ) i + ( 4.94975 kips ) j − ( 4.7811 kips ) k
R = P + Q = ( 0.49610 kip ) i + (1.94975 kips ) j + ( 0.101700 kip ) k
R= ( 0.49610 kip)2 + (1.94975 kips)2 + ( 0.101700 kip)2

R = 2.0144 kips or R = 2.01 kips
Rx 0.49610 kip
cos θ x = = = 0.24628
R 2.0144 kips
Ry 1.94975 kips
cos θ y = = = 0.967906
R 2.0144 kips
Rz 0.101700 kip
cos θ z = = = 0.050486
R 2.0144 kips
or θ x = 75.7°
θ y = 14.56°
θ z = 87.1°
uuur
AB = − ( 600 mm ) i + ( 360 mm ) j + ( 270 mm ) k
AB = ( − 600 mm )2 + (360 mm )2 + ( 270 mm )2

AB = 750 mm
uuuv
AC = − ( 600 mm ) i + ( 320 mm ) j − ( 510 mm ) k
AC = ( − 600 mm )2 + ( 320 mm )2 + ( −510 mm )2

AC = 850 mm
uuur
AB 510 N
TAB = TAB =  − ( 600 mm ) i + ( 360 mm ) j + ( 270 mm ) k 
AB 750 mm 
TAB = − ( 408 N ) i + ( 244.8 N ) j + (183.6 N ) k
uuur
AC 765 N
TAC = TAC =  − ( 600 mm ) i + ( 320 mm ) j − ( 510 mm ) k 
AC 850 mm 
TAC = − ( 540 N ) i + ( 288 N ) j − ( 459 N ) k
R = TAB + TAC = − ( 948 N ) i + ( 532.8 N ) j − ( 275.4 N ) k
Then R = 1121.80 N R = 1122 N

− 948 N
and cos θ x = θ x = 147.7°
1121.80 N
532.8 N
cos θ y = θ y = 61.6°
1121.80 N
− 275.4 N
cos θ z = θ z = 104.2°
1121.80 N
!!!"
AB = − ( 600 mm ) i + ( 360 mm ) j + ( 270 mm ) k
AB = ( − 600 mm )2 + ( 360 mm)2 + ( 270 mm) 2 = 750 mm
AB = 750 mm
!!!"
AC = − ( 600 mm ) i + ( 320 mm ) j − ( 510 mm ) k
AC = ( − 600 mm )2 + ( 320 mm) 2 + ( − 510 mm) 2 = 850 mm
AC = 850 mm
!!!"
AB 765 N
AB 750 mm 
TAB = − ( 612 N ) i + ( 367.2 N ) j + ( 275.4 N ) k

!!!"
AC 510 N
AC 850 mm 
TAC = − ( 360 N ) i + (192 N ) j − ( 306 N ) k
R = TAB + TAC = − ( 972 N ) i + ( 559.2 N ) j − ( 30.6 N ) k
Then R = 1121.80 N R = 1122 N !

− 972 N
cos θ x = θ x = 150.1° !
1121.80 N
559.2 N
cos θ y = θ y = 60.1° !
1121.80 N
− 30.6 N
cos θ z = θ z = 91.6° !
1121.80 N
Have TAB = ( 760 lb )( sin 50° cos 40°i − cos 50°j + sin 50° sin 40°k )
TAC = TAC ( − cos 45° sin 25°i − sin 45° j + cos 45° cos 25°k )
(a) R A = TAB + TAC ( RA ) x = 0

∴ ( RA ) x = ΣFx = 0:
( 760 lb) sin 50° cos 40° − TAC cos 45° sin 25° = 0
or TAC = 1492.41 lb
∴ TAC = 1492 lb
(b) ( RA ) y = ΣFy = ( − 760 lb) cos 50° − (1492.41 lb) sin 45°
( RA ) y = −1543.81 lb
( RA ) z = ΣFz = ( 760 lb) sin 50° sin 40° + (1492.41 lb) cos 45° cos 25°
( RA ) z = 1330.65 lb
∴ R A = − (1543.81 lb ) j + (1330.65 lb ) k
Then RA = 2038.1 lb RA = 2040 lb
0
cosθ x = θ x = 90.0°
2038.1 lb
−1543.81 lb
cos θ y = θ y = 139.2°
2038.1 lb
1330.65 lb
cos θ z = θ z = 49.2°
2038.1 lb
Have TAB = TAB ( sin 50° cos 40°i − cos 50°j + sin 50° sin 40°k )
TAC = ( 980 lb )( − cos 45° sin 25°i − sin 45°j + cos 45° cos 25°k )
(a) R A = TAB + TAC ( RA ) x = 0

∴ ( RA ) x = ΣFx = 0:
TAB sin 50° cos 40° − ( 980 lb ) cos 45° sin 25° = 0
or TAB = 499.06 lb
∴ TAB = 499 lb
(b) ( RA ) y = ΣFy = − ( 499.06 lb) cos 50° − (980 lb) sin 45°
( RA ) y = −1013.75 lb
( RA ) z = ΣFz = ( 499.06 lb) sin 50° sin 40° + (980 lb) cos 45° cos 25°
( RA ) z = 873.78 lb
∴ R A = − (1013.75 lb ) j + (873.78 lb ) k
Then RA = 1338.35 lb RA = 1338 lb
0
and cos θ x = θ x = 90.0°
1338.35 lb
−1013.75 lb
cos θ y = θ y = 139.2°
1338.35 lb
873.78 lb
cos θ z = θ z = 49.2°
1338.35 lb
!!!"
Cable AB: AB = − ( 600 mm ) i + ( 360 mm ) j + ( 270 mm ) k
AB = ( − 600 mm )2 + ( 360 mm)2 + ( 270 mm) 2 = 750 mm

!!!"
AB 600 N
AB 750 mm 
TAB = − ( 480 N ) i + ( 288 N ) j + ( 216 N ) k
!!!"
Cable AC: AC = − ( 600 mm ) i + ( 320 mm ) j − ( 510 mm ) k
AC = ( − 600 mm )2 + ( 320 mm) 2 + ( − 510 mm) 2 = 850 mm

!!!"
AC TAC
AC 850 mm 
60 32 51
TAC = − TAC i + TAC j − TAC k
85 85 85
Load P: P = − Pj
( RA ) z
51
(a) = ΣFz = 0: ( 216 N ) − TAC = 0 or TAC = 360 N !
85
( RA ) y = ΣFy = 0:
32
(b) ( 288 N ) + TAC − P = 0 or P = 424 N !
85
uuur
Cable AB: AB = − ( 4 m ) i − ( 20 m ) j + ( 5 m ) k
AB = ( − 4 m)2 + ( −20 m)2 + (5 m )2 = 21 m

uuur
= AB  − ( 4 m ) i − ( 20 m ) j + ( 5 m ) k 
AB T
TAB = TAB
AB 21 m
uuur
Cable AC: AC = (12 m ) i − ( 20 m ) j + ( 3.6 m ) k
AC = (12 m )2 + ( − 20 m )2 + ( 3.6 m )2
= 23.6 m
uuur
(12 m ) i − ( 20 m ) j + ( 3.6 m ) k 
AC 1770 N
TAC = TAC =
AC 23.6 m 
= ( 900 N ) i − (1500 N ) j + ( 270 N ) k
uuur
Cable AD: AD = − ( 4 m ) i − ( 20 m ) j + (14.8 m ) k
AD = ( − 4 m )2 + ( − 20 m )2 + (14.8 m )2
= 25.2 m
uuur
 − ( 4 m ) i − ( 20 m ) j + (14.8 m ) k 
AD TAD
TAD = TAD =
AD 25.2 m 
 − (10 m ) i − ( 50 m ) j − ( 37 m ) k 
TAD
=
63 m 
Now...
R = TAB + TAC + TAD and R = Rj; Rx = Rz = 0
4 10
ΣFx = 0: −
TAB + 900 − TAD = 0 (1)
21 63
5 37
ΣFy = 0: TAB + 270 − TAD = 0 (2)
21 63
Solving equations (1) and (2) simultaneously yields:
TAD = 1.775 kN !
TAB = 3.25 kN !
d AB = ( −450 mm) 2 + ( 600 mm )2 = 750 mm
d AC = ( 600 mm )2 + ( − 320 mm)2 = 680 mm
d AD = ( 500 mm)2 + ( 600 mm )2 + ( 360 mm )2 = 860 mm

TAB
TAB =  − ( 450 mm ) i + ( 600 mm ) j
750 mm 
TAB = ( − 0.6 i + 0.8 j) TAB
TAC
TAC = ( 600 mm ) j − ( 320 mm ) k 
680 mm 
 15 8 
TAC =  j − k  TAC
 17 17 
TAD
TAD = ( 500 mm ) i + ( 600 mm ) j + ( 360 mm ) k 
860 mm 
 25 30 18 
TAD =  i + j+ k  TAD
 43 43 43 
W = −W j
At point A: ΣF = 0: TAB + TAC + TAD + W = 0
25
i component: − 0.6 TAB + TAD = 0
43
 5   25 
or TAB =     TAD (1)
 3   43 
18 18
k component: − TAC + TAD = 0
17 43
 17   18 
or TAC =     TAD (2)
 8   43 
15 30
j component: 0.8 TAB + TAC + TAD − W = 0
17 43
15  17 18  30
0.8 TAB +  ⋅ TAD  + TAD − W = 0
17 8 43 43
255
0.8 TAB + TAD − W = 0 (3)
172
From Equation (1):
 5   25 
6 kN =     TAD
 3   43 
or TAD = 6.1920 kN
From Equation (3):
255
0.8 ( 6 kN ) + ( 6.1920 kN ) − W = 0
172
∴ W = 13.98 kN !
See Problem 2.101 for the figure and the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3)
below.
 5   25 
TAB =     TAD (1)
 3   43 
 17   18 
TAC =     TAD (2)
 8   43 
255
0.8 TAB + TAD − W = 0 (3)
172
From Equation (1)
 5   25 
TAB =     ( 4.3 kN )
 3   43 
or TAB = 4.1667 kN
From Equation (3)
0.8 ( 4.1667 kN ) + ( 4.3 kN ) − W = 0

255
172
∴ W = 9.71 kN !
uuur
AB = − ( 4.20 m ) i − ( 5.60 m ) j
AB = ( − 4.20 m ) + ( − 5.60 m ) = 7.00 m

2 2
uuur
AC = ( 2.40 m ) i − ( 5.60 m ) j + ( 4.20 m ) k
AC = ( 2.40 m ) + ( − 5.60 m ) + ( 4.20 m ) = 7.40 m

2 2 2
uuur
AD = − ( 5.60 m ) j − ( 3.30 m ) k
AD = ( − 5.60 m ) + ( − 3.30 m ) = 6.50 m

2 2
uuur
AB TAB
TAB = TAB λ AB = TAB = ( − 4.20i − 5.60j)
AB 7.00 m
 3 4 
TAB =  − i − j TAB
 5 5 
uuur
AC TAC
TAC = TAC λ AC = TAC = ( 2.40i − 5.60j + 4.20k )
AC 7.40 m
 12 28 21 
TAC =  i − j+ k  TAC
 37 37 37 
uuur
AD TAD
TAD = TAD λ AD = TAD = ( − 5.60 j − 3.30k )
AD 6.50 m
 56 33 
TAD =  − j − k  TAD
 65 65 
P = Pj
For equilibrium at point A: ΣF = 0
TAB + TAC + TAD + P = 0
3 12
i component: − TAB + TAC = 0
5 37
20
or TAB = TAC (1)
37
4 28 56
j component: − TAB − TAC − TAD + P = 0
5 37 65
4 28 56  65 7 
− TAB − TAC −  ⋅ TAC  + P = 0
5 37 65 11 37
4 700
− TAB − TAC + P = 0 (2)
5 407
21 33
k component: TAC − TAD = 0
37 65
 65   7 
or TAD =     TAC (3)
 11   37 
From Equation (1):

 20 
259 N =   TAC
 37 
or TAC = 479.15 N
4 700
From Equation (2): − ( 259 N ) − ( 479.15 N ) + P = 0
5 407
∴ P = 1031 N !
See Problem 2.103 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3)
20
TAB = TAC (1)
37
4 700
− TAB − TAC + P = 0 (2)
5 407
 65  7 
TAD =    TAC (3)
 11  37 
Substituting for TAC = 444 N into Equation (1)
20
Gives TAB = ( 444 N )
37
or TAB = 240 N
And from Equation (3)
4 700
− ( 240 N ) − ( 444 N ) + P = 0
5 407
∴ P = 956 N !
d BA = ( −11 in.)2 + ( 9.6 in.)2 = 14.6 in.
dCA = ( 9.6 in.)2 + ( − 7.2 in.)2 = 12.0 in.
d DA = ( 9.6 in.)2 + ( 9.6 in.)2 + ( 4.8 in.)2 = 14.4 in.

FBA
FBA = FBAλBA = ( −11 in.) i + ( 9.6 in.) j
14.6 in. 
  11   9.6  
= FBA  −  i +   j
  14.6   14.6  
FCA
FCA = FCAλCA = ( 9.6 in.) j − ( 7.2 in.) k 
12.0 in. 
 4  3 
= FCA   j −   k 
 5  5 
FDA
FDA = FDAλDA = ( 9.6 in.) i + ( 9.6 in.) j + ( 4.8 in.) k 
14.4 in. 
 2  2 1 
= FDA   i +   j +   k 
 3  3  3 
P = −Pj
At point A: ΣF = 0: FBA + FCA + FDA + P = 0
 11  2
i component: −  FBA +   FDA = 0 (1)
 14.6  3
 9.6  4 2

j component:  14.6  FBA +  5  FCA +  3  FDA − P = 0 (2)
     
3 1
k component: −   FCA +   FDA = 0 (3)
5 3
continued
 14.6  2 
From Equation (1) FBA =    FDA
 11  3 
 14.6  2 
29.2 lb =    FDA
 11  3 
or FDA = 33 lb
5
Solving Eqn. (3) for FCA gives: FCA =   FDA
9
5
FCA =   ( 33 lb )
9
Substituting into Eqn. (2) for FBA , FDA, and FCA in terms of FDA gives:
 9.6   4  5  2
 14.6  ( 29.2 lb ) +  5  9  ( 33 lb ) +  3  ( 33 lb ) − P = 0
      
∴
P = 55.9 lb "
See Problem 2.105 for the figure and the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and
(3) below.
 11  2
−  FBA +   FDA = 0 (1)
 14.6  3
 9.6  4 2
  FBA +   FCA +   FDA − P = 0 (2)
 14.6  5 3
 3 1
−   FCA +   FDA = 0 (3)
5  3
 14.6  2 
From Equation (1): FBA =    FDA
 11  3 
5
From Equation (3): FCA =   FDA
9
Substituting into Equation (2) for FBA and FCA gives:
 9.6  14.6  2   4  5  2
    FDA +    FDA +   FDA − P = 0
 14.6  11  3   5  9  3
 838 
or   FDA = P
 495 
 838 
Since P = 45 lb   FDA = 45 lb
 495 
or FDA = 26.581 lb
 14.6  2 
and FBA =    ( 26.581 lb )
 11  3 
or FBA = 23.5 lb
5
and FCA =   ( 26.581 lb )
9
or FCA = 14.77 lb
and FDA = 26.6 lb
The force in each cable can be written as the product of the magnitude of
the force and the unit vector along the cable. That is, with
uuur
AC = (18 m ) i − ( 30 m ) j + ( 5.4 m ) k
AC = (18 m )2 + ( −30 m )2 + ( 5.4 m )2 = 35.4 m

uuur
AC TAC
TAC = T λ AC = TAC = (18 m ) i − ( 30 m ) j + ( 5.4 m ) k 
AC 35.4 m 
TAC = TAC ( 0.50847i − 0.84746 j + 0.152542k )
and
uuur
AB = − ( 6 m ) i − ( 30 m ) j + ( 7.5 m ) k
AB = ( −6 m )2 + ( −30 m )2 + ( 7.5 m )2 = 31.5 m

uuur
AB TAB
TAB = T λ AB = TAB =  − ( 6 m ) i − ( 30 m ) j + ( 7.5 m ) k 
AB 31.5 m 
TAB = TAB ( −0.190476i − 0.95238j + 0.23810k )

uuur
Finally AD = − ( 6 m ) i − ( 30 m ) j − ( 22.2 m ) k
AD = ( −6 m )2 + ( −30 m )2 + ( −22.2 m )2 = 37.8 m

uuur
AD TAD
TAD = T λ AD = TAD =  − ( 6 m ) i − ( 30 m ) j − ( 22.2 m ) k 
AD 37.8 m 
TAD = TAD ( −0.158730i − 0.79365j − 0.58730k )
continued
With P = Pj, at A:
ΣF = 0: TAB + TAC + TAD + Pj = 0
Equating the factors of i, j, and k to zero, we obtain the linear algebraic

equations:
i : − 0.190476TAB + 0.50847TAC − 0.158730TAD = 0 (1)
j: − 0.95238TAB − 0.84746TAC − 0.79365TAD + P = 0 (2)
k : 0.23810TAB + 0.152542TAC − 0.58730TAD = 0 (3)
In Equations (1), (2) and (3), set TAB = 3.6 kN, and, using conventional
methods for solving Linear Algebraic Equations (MATLAB or Maple,
for example), we obtain:
TAC = 1.963 kN
TAD = 1.969 kN
P = 6.66 kN "
Based on the results of Problem 2.107, particularly Equations (1), (2) and (3), we substitute TAC = 2.6 kN and
solve the three resulting linear equations using conventional tools for solving Linear Algebraic Equations
(MATLAB or Maple, for example), to obtain
TAB = 4.77 kN
TAD = 2.61 kN
P = 8.81 kN !
!!!"
AB = − ( 6.5 ft ) i − (8 ft ) j + ( 2 ft ) k
AB = ( −6.5 ft )2 + ( −8 ft )2 + ( 2 ft )2 = 10.5 ft
TAB
TAB =  − ( 6.5 ft ) i − ( 8 ft ) j + ( 2 ft ) k 
10.5 ft 
= TAB ( −0.61905i − 0.76190 j + 0.190476k )

!!!"
AC = (1 ft ) i − ( 8 ft ) j + ( 4 ft ) k
AC = (1 ft )2 + ( −8 ft )2 + ( 4 ft )2 = 9 ft
TAC
TAC = (1 ft ) i − ( 8 ft ) j + ( 4 ft ) k 
9 ft 
= TAC ( 0.111111i − 0.88889 j + 0.44444k )

!!!"
AD = (1.75 ft ) i − ( 8 ft ) j − (1 ft ) k
AD = (1.75 ft )2 + ( −8 ft )2 + ( −1 ft )2 = 8.25 ft
TAD
TAD = (1.75 ft ) i − ( 8 ft ) j − (1 ft ) k 
8.25 ft 
= TAD ( 0.21212i − 0.96970 j − 0.121212k )
At A ΣF = 0
ΣFx = 0: −0.61905TAB + 0.111111TAC + 0.21212TAD = 0 (1)
ΣFy = 0: −0.76190TAB − 0.88889TAC − 0.96970TAD + W = 0 (2)
ΣFz = 0: 0.190476TAB + 0.44444TAC − 0.121212TAD = 0 (3)
Substituting for W = 320 lb and Solving Equations (1), (2), (3) simultaneously yields:
TAB = 86.2 lb !
TAC = 27.7 lb !
TAD = 237 lb !
See Problem 2.109 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3) shown below.
− 0.61905 TAB + 0.111111TAC + 0.21212 TAD = 0 (1)
− 0.76190 TAB − 0.88889 TAC − 0.96970 TAD + W = 0 (2)

0.190476 TAB + 0.44444 TAC − 0.121212TAD = 0 (3)
Now substituting for TAD = 220 lb Gives:
− 0.61905 TAB + 0.111111TAC + 46.662 = 0 (4)
− 0.76190 TAB − 0.88889 TAC − 213.33 + W = 0 (5)
0.190476 TAB + 0.44444 TAC − 26.666 = 0 (6)
Solving Equations (4) and (6) simultaneously gives
TAB = 79.992 lb and TAC = 25.716 lb
Substituting into Equation (5) yields
W = 297 lb
Note that because the line of action of each of the cords passes through the vertex A of the cone, the cords all
have the same length, and the unit vectors lying along the cords are parallel to the unit vectors lying along the
generators of the cone.
Thus, for example, the unit vector along BE is identical to the unit vector along the generator AB.
cos 45°i + 8j − sin 45°k

Hence: λ AB = λ BE =
65
 cos 45°i + 8j − sin 45°k 

It follows that: TBE = TBE λ BE = TBE  
 65 
 cos 30°i + 8j + sin 30°k 

TCF = TCF λ CF = TCF  
 65 
 − cos15°i + 8 j − sin15°k 
TDG = TDG λ DG = TDG  
 65 
At A: ΣF = 0: TBE + TCF + TDG + W + P = 0
Then, isolating the factors of i, j, and k, we obtain three algebraic equations:
TBE T T
i: cos 45° + CF cos 30° − DG cos15° + P = 0
65 65 65
or TBE cos 45° + TCF cos30° − TDG cos15° + P 65 = 0 (1)
8 8 8
j: TBE + TCF + TDG −W = 0
65 65 65
65
or TBE + TCF + TDG − W =0 (2)
8
TBE T T
k: − sin 45° + CF sin 30° − DG sin15° = 0
65 65 65
or −TBE sin 45° + TCF sin 30° − TDG sin15° = 0 (3)
With P = 0 and the tension in cord BE = 0.2 lb:
Solving the resulting Equations (1), (2), and (3) using conventional methods in Linear Algebra (elimination,
matrix methods or iteration – with MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain:
TCF = 0.669 lb
TDG = 0.746 lb
W = 1.603 lb
See Problem 2.111 for the Figure and the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3)
below:
i : TBE cos 45° + TCF cos 30° − TDG cos15° + 65 P = 0 (1)
65
j: TBE + TCF + TDG − W =0 (2)
8
k : − TBE sin 45° + TCF sin 30° − TDG sin15° = 0 (3)
With W = 1.6 lb , the range of values of P for which the cord CF is taut can found by solving Equations (1),
(2), and (3) for the tension TCF as a function of P and requiring it to be positive (> 0).
Solving (1), (2), and (3) with unknown P, using conventional methods in Linear Algebra (elimination, matrix
methods or iteration – with MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain:
TCF = ( −1.729P + 0.668 ) lb
Hence, for TCF > 0 −1.729P + 0.668 > 0

or P < 0.386 lb
∴ φ ≤ P < 0.386 lb !
d DA = ( 400 mm )2 + ( − 600 mm )2 = 721.11 mm
d DB = ( − 200 mm )2 + ( − 600 mm )2 + (150 mm )2 = 650 mm
d DC = ( − 200 mm )2 + ( − 600 mm )2 + ( −150 mm )2 = 650 mm

TDA = TDAλDA
TDA
= ( 400 mm ) i − ( 600 mm ) j
721.11 mm 
= TDA ( 0.55470i − 0.83205 j)
TDB = TDBλDB
TDB
=  − ( 200 mm ) i − ( 600 mm ) j + (150 mm ) k 
650 mm 
 4 12 3 
= TDB  − i − j + k
 13 13 13 
TDC = TDC λDC
TDC
TDC =  − ( 200 mm ) i − ( 600 mm ) j − (150 mm ) k 
650 mm 
 4 12 3 
= TDC  − i − j − k
 13 13 13 
W = Wj
At point D ΣF = 0: TDA + TDB + TDC + W = 0
4 4
i component: 0.55470 TDA − TDB − TDC = 0 (1)
13 13
12 12
j component: −0.83205 TDA − TDB − TDC + W = 0 (2)
13 13
3 3
k component: TDB − TDC = 0 (3)
13 13
( )
Setting W = (16 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 156.96 N
And Solving Equations (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously:

TDA = 62.9 N !
TDB = 56.7 N !
TDC = 56.7 N !
d DA = ( 400 mm )2 + ( − 600 mm )2 = 721.11 mm
d DB = ( − 200 mm )2 + ( − 600 mm )2 + ( 200 mm )2 = 663.32 mm
d DC = ( − 200 mm )2 + ( − 600 mm )2 + ( − 200 mm )2 = 663.32 mm
TDA = TDAλDA
TDA
= ( 400 mm ) i − ( 600 mm ) j
721.11 mm 
= TDA ( 0.55470i − 0.83205 j)
TDB = TDBλDB
TDB
=  − ( 200 mm ) i − ( 600 mm ) j + ( 200 mm ) k 
663.32 mm 
= TDB ( − 0.30151i − 0.90454 j + 0.30151k )
TDC = TDC λDC
TDC
=  − ( 200 mm ) i − ( 600 mm ) j − ( 200 mm ) k 
663.32 mm 
= TDC ( − 0.30151i − 0.90454 j − 0.30151k )
At point D ΣF = 0: TDA + TDB + TDC + W = 0
i component: 0.55470 TDA − 0.30151TDB − 0.30151TDC = 0 (1)
j component: −0.83205 TDA − 0.90454 TDB − 0.90454 TDC + W = 0 (2)
k component: 0.30151TDB − 0.30151TDC = 0 (3)
( )
Setting W = (16 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 156.96 N

TDA = 62.9 N !
TDB = 57.8 N !
TDC = 57.8 N !
From the solutions of 2.107 and 2.108:
TAB = 0.5409 P
TAC = 0.295P
TAD = 0.2959P
Using P = 8 kN:
TAB = 4.33 kN !
TAC = 2.36 kN !
TAD = 2.37 kN !
d BA = ( 6 m )2 + ( 6 m )2 + ( 3 m )2 =9m
d AC = ( −10.5 m )2 + ( − 6 m )2 + ( − 8 m )2 = 14.5 mm
d AD = ( − 6 m )2 + ( − 6 m )2 + ( 7 m )2 = 11 mm
d AE = ( 6 m )2 + ( − 4.5 m )2 = 7.5 m
FBA
FBA = FBAλBA = ( 6 m ) i + ( 6 m ) j + ( 3 m ) k 
9m
2 2 1 
= FBA  i + j + k 
3 3 3 
TAC
TAC = TAC λ AC =  − (10.5 m ) i − ( 6 m ) j − ( 8 m ) k 
14.5 m 
 21 12 16 
= TAC  − i − j− k
 29 29 29 
TAD
TAD = TAD λ AD =  − ( 6 m ) i − ( 6 m ) j + ( 7 m ) k 
11 m 
 6 6 7 
= TAD  − i − j + k 
 11 11 11 
W
WAE = WAE λ AE = ( 6 m ) i − ( 4.5 m ) j
7.5 m 
= W ( 0.8i − 0.6 j)
WO = − W j
At point A: ΣF = 0: FBA + TAC + TAD + WAE + WO = 0
2 21 6
i component: FBA − TAC − TAD + 0.8W = 0 (1)
3 29 11
continued
2 12 6
j component: FBA − TAC − TAD − 1.6W = 0 (2)
3 29 11
1 16 7
k component: FBA − TAC + TAD = 0 (3)
3 29 11
( )
Setting W = ( 20 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 196.2 N
FBA = 1742 N
TAC = 1517 N
TAD = 403 N
ΣFx = 0:
− TAD ( sin 30° )( sin 50° ) + TBD ( sin 30° )( cos 40° ) + TCD ( sin 30° )( cos 60° ) = 0
Dividing through by sin 30° and evaluating:
− 0.76604 TAD + 0.76604 TBD + 0.5 TCD = 0 (1)
ΣFy = 0:
− TAD ( cos 30° ) − TBD ( cos 30° ) − TCD ( cos 30° ) + 62 lb = 0
or TAD + TBD + TCD = 71.591 lb (2)
ΣFz = 0:
TAD sin 30° cos 50° + TBD sin 30° sin 40° − TCD sin 30° sin 60° = 0
or 0.64279 TAD + 0.64279 TBD − 0.86603TCD = 0 (3)
Solving Equations (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously:
TAD = 30.5 lb !
TBD = 10.59 lb !
TCD = 30.5 lb !
From the solutions to Problems 2.111 and 2.112, have
TBE + TCF + TDG = 0.2 65 (2′)
−TBE sin 45° + TCF sin 30° − TDG sin15° = 0 (3)
TBE cos 45° + TCF cos 30° − TDG cos15° − P 65 = 0 (1′ )
Applying the method of elimination to obtain a desired result:
Multiplying (2′) by sin 45° and adding the result to (3):
TCF ( sin 45° + sin 30° ) + TDG ( sin 45° − sin15° ) = 0.2 65 sin 45°
or TCF = 0.94455 − 0.37137TDG
Multiplying (2′) by sin 30° and subtracting (3) from the result:
TBE ( sin 30° + sin 45° ) + TDG ( sin 30° + sin15° ) = 0.2 65 sin 30°
or TBE = 0.66790 − 0.62863TDG (5)
Substituting (4) and (5) into (1′) :
1.29028 − 1.73205TDG − P 65 = 0
1.29028
∴ TDG is taut for P < lb
65
or 0 ≤ P ≤ 0.1600 lb !
d AB = ( − 30 ft )2 + ( 24 ft )2 + ( 32 ft )2 = 50 ft
d AC = ( − 30 ft )2 + ( 20 ft )2 + ( −12 ft )2 = 38 ft
TAB
TAB = TAB λ AB =  − ( 30 ft ) i + ( 24 ft ) j + ( 32 ft ) k 
50 ft 
= TAB ( − 0.6i + 0.48 j + 0.64k )
TAC
TAC = TAC λ AC =  − ( 30 ft ) i + ( 20 ft ) j − (12 ft ) k 
38 ft 
 30 20 12 
= TAC  − i + j− k
 38 38 38 
16 30
N= Ni + Nj
34 34
W = − (175 lb ) j
At point A: ΣF = 0: TAB + TAC + N + W = 0
30 16
i component: − 0.6 TAB − TAC + N=0 (1)
38 34
20 30
j component: 0.48 TAB + TAC + N − 175 lb = 0 (2)
38 34
12
k component: 0.64 TAB −
TAC = 0 (3)
38
Solving Equations (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously:
TAB = 30.9 lb
TAC = 62.5 lb
Refer to the solution of problem 2.119 and the resulting linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), (3). Include force
P = − ( 45 lb ) k with other forces of Problem 2.119.
Now at point A: ΣF = 0: TAB + TAC + N + W + P = 0
30 16
i component: − 0.6 TAB − TAC + N=0 (1)
38 34
20 30
j component: 0.48 TAB + TAC + N − 175 lb = 0 (2)
38 34
12
k component: 0.64 TAB − TAC − 45 lb = 0 (3)
38
Solving (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously:
TAB = 81.3 lb
TAC = 22.2 lb
Note: BE shares the same unit vector as AB.

Thus:
λBE = λ AB =
( 25 mm ) cos 45°i + ( 200 mm ) j − ( 25 mm ) sin 45°k
201.56 mm
TBE
TBE = TBE λBE = ( 25 mm ) cos 45°i + ( 200 mm ) j − ( 25 mm ) sin 45°k 
201.56 mm 
TCF
TCF = TCF λCF = ( 25 mm ) cos 30°i + ( 200 mm ) j + ( 25 mm ) sin 30°k 
201.56 mm 
TDG
TDG = TDG λDG =  − ( 25 mm ) cos15°i + ( 200 mm ) j − ( 25 mm ) sin15°k 
201.56 mm 
W = − W j; P = Pk
At point A: ΣF = 0: TBE + TCE + TDG + W + P = 0
i component: 0.087704 TBE + 0.107415 TCF − 0.119806 TDG = 0 (1)
j component: 0.99226 TBE + 0.99226 TCF + 0.99226 TDG − W = 0 (2)
k component: − 0.087704 TBE + 0.062016 TCF − 0.032102 TDG + P = 0 (3)
Setting W = 10.5 N and P = 0, and solving (1), (2), (3) simultaneously:
TBE = 1.310 N !
TCF = 4.38 N !
TDG = 4.89 N !
See Problem 2.121 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1), (2), and (3) below:
i component: 0.087704 TBE + 0.107415 TCF − 0.119806 TDG = 0 (1)
j component: 0.99226 TBE + 0.99226 TCF + 0.99226 TDG − W = 0 (2)
k component: − 0.087704 TBE + 0.062016 TCF − 0.032102 TDG + P = 0 (3)
Setting W = 10.5 N and P = 0.5 N, and solving (1), (2), (3) simultaneously:
TBE = 4.84 N !
TCF = 1.157 N !
TDG = 4.58 N !
uuur
DA = − ( 8 ft ) i + ( 40 ft ) j + (10 ft ) k
DA = ( − 8 ft )2 + ( 40 ft )2 + (10 ft )2 = 42 ft
TADB
TDA =  − ( 8 ft ) i + ( 40 ft ) j + (10 ft ) k 
42 ft 
= TADB ( − 0.190476i + 0.95238 j + 0.23810k )
uuur
DB = ( 3 ft ) i + ( 36 ft ) j − ( 8 ft ) k
DB = ( 3 ft )2 + ( 36 ft )2 + ( − 8 ft )2 = 37 ft
TADB
TDB = ( 3 ft ) i + ( 36 ft ) j − ( 8 ft ) k 
37 ft 
= TADB ( 0.081081i + 0.97297 j − 0.21622k )
uuur
DC = ( a − 8 ft ) i − ( 24 ft ) j − ( 3 ft ) k
DC = ( a − 8 ft )2 + ( − 24 ft )2 + ( −3 ft )2 = ( a − 8)2 + 585 ft
TDC
TDC = ( a − 8 ft ) i − ( 24 ft ) j − ( 3 ft ) k 
( a − 8)2 + 585
At D ΣF = 0:
ΣFx = 0: − 0.190476 TADB + 0.081081TADB +

( a − 8) TDC =0 (1)
( a − 8)2 + 585
3
ΣFz = 0: 0.23810 TADB − 0.21622 TADB − TDC = 0 (2)
( a − 8) + 585
2
Dividing equation (1) by equation (2) gives
( a − 8) = 0.190476 − 0.081081
−3 − 0.23810 + 0.21622
or a = 23 ft
Substituting into equation (1) for a = 23 ft and combining the coefficients for TADB gives:
ΣFx = 0: − 0.109395 TADB + 0.52705 TDC = 0 (3)
continued
And writing ΣFy = 0 gives:
1.92535 TADB − 0.84327 TDC − W = 0 (4)
Substituting into equation (3) for TDC = 17 lb gives:
− 0.109395 TADB + 0.52705 (17 lb ) = 0
or TADB = 81.9 lb
Substituting into equation (4) for TDC = 17 lb and TADB = 81.9 lb gives:
1.92535 ( 81.9 lb ) − 0.84327 (17 lb ) − W = 0
or W = 143.4 lb
See Problem 2.123 for the analysis leading to the linear

algebraic Equations (3) and (4) below:
− 0.109395 TADB + 0.52705 TDC = 0 (3)
1.92535 TADB − 0.84327 TDC − W = 0 (4)
Substituting for W = 120 lb and solving equations (3) and (4) simultaneously yields
TADB = 68.6 lb !
TDC = 14.23 lb !
d AB = ( − 2.7 m )2 + ( 2.4 m )2 + ( − 3.6 m )2 = 5.1 m
d AC = ( 2.4 m )2 + (1.8 m )2 =3m
d AD = (1.2 m )2 + ( 2.4 m )2 + ( − 0.3 m )2 = 2.7 m
d AE = ( − 2.4 m )2 + ( 2.4 m )2 + (1.2 m )2 = 3.6 m
TAB = TAB λ AB
TAB
=  − ( 2.7 m ) i + ( 2.4 m ) j − ( 3.6 m ) k 
5.1 m 
 9 8 12 
= TAB  − i + j − k
 17 17 17 
TAC = TAC λ AC
TAC
= ( 2.4 m ) j + (1.8 m ) k 
3m
= TAC ( 0.8 j + 0.6k )
TAD = 2TADE λ AD
2TADE
= (1.2 m ) i + ( 2.4 m ) j − ( 0.3 m ) k 
2.7 m 
8 16 2 
= TADE  i + j − k
 9 9 9 
continued
TAE = TAE λ AE
TADE
=  − ( 2.4 m ) i + ( 2.4 m ) j + (1.2 m ) k 
3.6 m 
 2 2 1 
= TADE  − i + j + k 
 3 3 3 
W = − Wj
At point A: ΣF = 0: TAB + TAC + TAD + TAE + W = 0
9 8 2
i component: − TAB + TADE − TADE = 0 (1)
17 9 3
8 16 2
j component: TAB + 0.8 TAC + TADE + TADE − W = 0 (2)
17 9 3
12 2 1
k component: − TAB + 0.6 TAC − TADE + TADE = 0 (3)
17 9 3
Simplifying (1), (2), (3):
− 81TAB + 34 TADE = 0 (1′)
72 TAB + 122.4 TAC + 374 TADE = 153 W (2′)
−108 TAB + 91.8 TAC + 17 TADE = 0 (3′)
Setting W = 1400 N and solving (1), (2), (3) simultaneously:
TAB = 203 N "
TAC = 149.6 N "
TADE = 485 N "
See Problem 2.125 for the analysis leading to the linear algebraic Equations (1′ ) , ( 2′ ) , and ( 3′ ) below:
i component: − 81 TAB + 34 TADE = 0 (1′)

j component: 72 TAB + 122.4 TAC + 37.4 TADE = 153 W ( 2′)
k component: −108 TAB + 91.8 TAC + 17 TADE = 0 ( 3′)
Setting TAB = 300 N and solving (1), (2), (3) simultaneously:
(a) TAC = 221 N !
(b) TADE = 715 N !
(c) W = 2060 N !
Free-Body Diagrams of collars For both Problems 2.127 and 2.128:
( AB )2 = x2 + y 2 + z 2
Here (1 m )2 = ( 0.40 m ) + y 2 + z 2
2
or y 2 + z 2 = 0.84 m 2
Thus, with y given, z is determined.
Now
uuur
AB 1
λ AB = = ( 0.40i − yj + zk ) m = 0.4i − yk + zk
AB 1 m
Where y and z are in units of meters, m.
From the F.B. Diagram of collar A:
ΣF = 0: N x i + N zk + Pj + TAB λ AB = 0
Setting the j coefficient to zero gives:
P − yTAB = 0
With P = 680 N,
680 N
TAB =
y
Now, from the free body diagram of collar B:
ΣF = 0: N x i + N y j + Qk − TABλ AB = 0
continued
Setting the k coefficient to zero gives:

Q − TAB z = 0
And using the above result for TAB we have
680 N
Q = TAB z = z
y
Then, from the specifications of the problem, y = 300 mm = 0.3 m
z 2 = 0.84 m 2 − ( 0.3 m )
2
∴ z = 0.866 m
and
680 N
(a) TAB = = 2266.7 N
0.30
or TAB = 2.27 kN !
and
(b) Q = 2266.7 ( 0.866 ) = 1963.2 N
or Q = 1.963 kN !
From the analysis of Problem 2.127, particularly the results:
y 2 + z 2 = 0.84 m 2
680 N
TAB =
y
680 N
Q= z
y
With y = 550 mm = 0.55 m, we obtain:
z 2 = 0.84 m 2 − ( 0.55 m )
2
∴ z = 0.73314 m
and
680 N
(a) TAB = = 1236.36 N
0.55
or TAB = 1.236 kN !
and
(b) Q = 1236.36 ( 0.73314 ) N = 906 N
or Q = 0.906 kN !
20 lb 14 lb
(a) Have: =
sin α sin 30°
sin α = 0.71428
α = 45.6°
(b) β = 180° − ( 30° + 45.6° )
= 104.4°
R 14 lb
Then: =
sin104.4° sin 30°
R = 27.1 lb
We compute the following distances:
OA = ( 70 )2 + ( 240 )2 = 250 mm
OB = ( 210 )2 + ( 200 )2 = 290 mm
OC = (120 )2 + ( 225)2 = 255 mm
500 N Force:
 70 
Fx = −500 N   Fx = −140.0 N !
 250 
 240 
Fy = +500 N   Fy = 480 N !
 250 
435 N Force:
 210 
Fx = +435 N   Fx = 315 N !
 290 
 200 
Fy = +435 N   Fy = 300 N !
 290 
510 N Force:
 120 
Fx = +510 N   Fx = 240 N !
 255 
 225 
Fy = −510 N   Fy = −450 N !
 255 
Note that the force exerted by BD on the pole is directed along BD, and the component of P along AC
is 450 N.
Then:
450 N
(a) P= = 549.3 N
cos 35°
P = 549 N !
(b) Px = ( 450 N ) tan 35°
= 315.1 N
Px = 315 N !
Free-Body Diagram Force Triangle
Law of Sines:
TAC T 5 kN
= BC =
sin115° sin 5° sin 60°
5 kN
(a) TAC = sin115° = 5.23 kN TAC = 5.23 kN !
sin 60°
5 kN
(b) TBC = sin 5° = 0.503 kN TBC = 0.503 kN !
sin 60°
Free-Body Diagram
First, consider the sum of forces in the x-direction because there is only one unknown force:
ΣFx = 0: TACB ( cos 32° − cos 42° ) − ( 20 kN ) cos 42° = 0

or
0.104903TACB = 14.8629 kN
TACB = 141.682 kN
(b) TACB = 141.7 kN !
Now
ΣFy = 0: TACB ( sin 42° − sin 32° ) + ( 20 kN ) sin 42° − W = 0
or
(141.682 kN )( 0.139211) + ( 20 kN )( 0.66913) − W =0
(a) W = 33.1 kN !
Free-Body Diagram: Pulley A

ΣFx = 0: 2P sin 25° − P cos α = 0
and
cos α = 0.8452 or α = ±32.3°
For α = +32.3°
ΣFy = 0: 2P cos 25° + P sin 32.3° − 350 lb = 0
or P = 149.1 lb 32.3°
For α = −32.3°
ΣFy = 0: 2P cos 25° + P sin − 32.3° − 350 lb = 0
or P = 274 lb 32.3°
(a) Fx = F sin 30° sin 50° = 220.6 N (Given)
220.6 N
F = = 575.95 N
sin30° sin50°
F = 576 N !
Fx 220.6
(b) cosθ x = = = 0.38302
F 575.95
θ x = 67.5° !
Fy = F cos 30° = 498.79 N
Fy 498.79
cosθ y = = = 0.86605
F 575.95
θ y = 30.0° !
Fz = − F sin 30° cos 50°
= − ( 575.95 N ) sin 30° cos 50°
= −185.107 N
Fz −185.107
cosθ z = = = −0.32139
F 575.95
θ z = 108.7° !
(a) Fz = F cosθ z = ( 600 lb ) cos136.8°
= −437.38 lb Fz = −437 lb !
Then:
F 2 = Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2
So: ( 600 lb ) = ( 200 lb ) + Fy ( ) + ( −437.38 lb )2

2 2 2
Hence: Fy = − ( 600 lb )2 − ( 200 lb )2 − ( −437.38 lb )2

= −358.75 lb Fy = −359 lb !
Fx 200
(b) cosθ x = = = 0.33333 θ x = 70.5° !
F 600
Fy −358.75
cosθ y = = = −0.59792 θ y = 126.7° !
F 600
P = ( 500 lb ) [ − cos 30° sin15°i + sin 30° j + cos 30° cos15°k ]
= ( 500 lb ) [ −0.2241i + 0.50 j + 0.8365k ]
= − (112.05 lb ) i + ( 250 lb ) j + ( 418.25 lb ) k
Q = ( 600 lb ) [ cos 40° cos 20°i + sin 40° j − cos 40° sin 20°k ]
= ( 600 lb ) [ 0.71985i + 0.64278 j − 0.26201k ]
= ( 431.91 lb ) i + ( 385.67 lb ) j − (157.206 lb ) k
R = P + Q = ( 319.86 lb ) i + ( 635.67 lb ) j + ( 261.04 lb ) k
R= ( 319.86 lb )2 + ( 635.67 lb )2 + ( 261.04 lb )2 = 757.98 lb
R = 758 lb !
Rx 319.86 lb
cosθ x = = = 0.42199
R 757.98 lb
θ x = 65.0° !
Ry 635.67 lb
cosθ y = = = 0.83864
R 757.98 lb
θ y = 33.0° !
Rz 261.04 lb
cosθ z = = = 0.34439
R 757.98 lb
θ z = 69.9° !
The forces applied at A are:

TAB , TAC , TAD and P
where P = Pj . To express the other forces in terms of the unit vectors
i, j, k, we write
uuur
AB = − ( 0.72 m ) i + (1.2 m ) j − ( 0.54 m ) k, AB = 1.5 m
uuur
AC = (1.2 m ) j + ( 0.64 m ) k, AC = 1.36 m
uuur
AD = ( 0.8 m ) i + (1.2 m ) j − ( 0.54 m ) k, AD = 1.54 m
uuur
AB
and TAB = TABλ AB = TAB = ( −0.48i + 0.8j − 0.36k ) TAB
AB
uuur
AC
TAC = TAC λ AC = TAC = ( 0.88235j + 0.47059k ) TAC
AC
uuur
AD
TAD = TADλ AD = TAD = ( 0.51948i + 0.77922 j − 0.35065k ) TAD
AD
Equilibrium Condition with W = −Wj
ΣF = 0: TAB + TAC + TAD − Wj = 0
Substituting the expressions obtained for TAB , TAC , and TAD and
factoring i, j, and k:
( −0.48TAB + 0.51948TAD ) i + ( 0.8TAB + 0.88235TAC + 0.77922TAD − W ) j
+ ( −0.36TAB + 0.47059TAC − 0.35065TAD ) k = 0
Equating to zero the coefficients of i, j, k:

−0.48TAB + 0.51948TAD = 0
0.8TAB + 0.88235TAC + 0.77922TAD − W = 0
−0.36TAB + 0.47059TAC − 0.35065TAD = 0
Substituting TAB = 3 kN in Equations (1), (2) and (3) and solving the resulting set of equations, using
conventional algorithms for solving linear algebraic equations, gives
TAC = 4.3605 kN
TAD = 2.7720 kN
W = 8.41 kN
The (vector) force in each cable can be written as the product of the
(scalar) force and the unit vector along the cable. That is, with
uuur
AB = ( 32 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k
AB = ( −32 in.)2 + ( −48 in.)2 + ( 36 in.)2 = 68 in.

uuur
AB T
TAB = T λ AB = TAB = AB  − ( 32 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k 
AB 68 in.
TAB = TAB ( −0.47059i − 0.70588 j + 0.52941k )

uuur
and AC = ( 45 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k
AC = ( 45 in.)2 + ( −48 in.)2 + ( 36 in.)2 = 75 in.

uuur
AC T
TAC = T λ AC = TAC = AC ( 45 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j + ( 36 in.) k 
AC 75 in.
TAC = TAC ( 0.60i − 0.64 j + 0.48k )

uuur
Finally, AD = ( 25 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j − ( 36 in.) k
AD = ( 25 in.)2 + ( −48 in.)2 + ( −36 in.)2 = 65 in.
continued
uuur
AD T
TAD = T λ AD = TAD = AD ( 25 in.) i − ( 48 in.) j − ( 36 in.) k 
AD 65 in.
TAD = TAD ( 0.38461i − 0.73846 j − 0.55385k )
With W = Wj, at A we have:
ΣF = 0: TAB + TAC + TAD + Wj = 0
Equating the factors of i, j, and k to zero, we obtain the linear algebraic equations:
i : − 0.47059TAB + 0.60TAC − 0.38461TAD = 0 (1)
j: − 0.70588TAB − 0.64TAC − 0.73846TAD + W = 0 (2)
k : 0.52941TAB + 0.48TAC − 0.55385TAD = 0 (3)
In Equations (1), (2) and (3), set TAD = 120 lb, and, using conventional methods for solving Linear Algebraic
Equations (MATLAB or Maple, for example), we obtain:
TAB = 32.6 lb
TAC = 102.5 lb
W = 177.2 lb "
The (vector) force in each cable can be written as the product of the
(scalar) force and the unit vector along the cable. That is, with
uuur
AB = − ( 0.48 m ) i + ( 0.72 m ) j − ( 0.16 m ) k
AB = ( −0.48 m )2 + ( 0.72 m )2 + ( −0.16 m )2 = 0.88 m

uuur
AB TAB
TAB = T λ AB = TAB =  − ( 0.48 m ) i + ( 0.72 m ) j − ( 0.16 m ) k 
AB 0.88 m 
TAB = TAB ( −0.54545i + 0.81818 j − 0.181818k )
and
uuur
AC = ( 0.24 m ) i + ( 0.72 m ) j − ( 0.13 m ) k
AC = ( 0.24 m )2 + ( 0.72 m )2 − ( 0.13 m )2 = 0.77 m

uuur
AC TAC
TAC = T λ AC = TAC = ( 0.24 m ) i + ( 0.72 m ) j − ( 0.13 m ) k 
AC 0.77 m 
TAC = TAC ( 0.31169i + 0.93506 j − 0.16883k )
At A: ΣF = 0: TAB + TAC + P + Q + W = 0
Noting that TAB = TAC because of the ring A, we equate the factors of
i, j, and k to zero to obtain the linear algebraic equations:
i: ( −0.54545 + 0.31169 ) T +P=0
or P = 0.23376T
j: ( 0.81818 + 0.93506 ) T −W = 0
continued
or W = 1.75324T
k: ( −0.181818 − 0.16883) T +Q =0
or Q = 0.35065T
With W = 1200 N:
1200 N
T = = 684.45 N
1.75324
P = 160.0 N !
Q = 240 N !

Chapter 2, Solution 1.: COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

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Chapter 2, Solution 1.: COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

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COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

We measure: R = 37 lb, α = 76°

We measure: R = 57 lb, α = 86°

(a) Parallelogram law:

(b) Triangle rule:

(a) Parallelogram law:

(b) Triangle rule:

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Cosines,

R 2 = ( 900 ) + ( 600 ) − 2 ( 900 )( 600 ) cos 135°

Using the Law of Sines,

By trigonometry: Law of Sines

α = 90° − 28° = 62°, β = 180° − 62° − 38° = 80°

Using the Law of Sines

α = 90° − 10° = 80°, β = 180° − 80° − 38° = 62°

Chapter 2, Solution 10.

β = 180° − (10° + 7.4832° )

Chapter 2, Solution 11.

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines

Have: β = 180° − ( 35° + 25° )

Chapter 2, Solution 12.

Using the triangle rule and the Law of Sines

(b) β = 180 − ( 35° + 40.959° )

Chapter 2, Solution 13.

We observe that force P is minimum when α = 90°.

Chapter 2, Solution 14.

For TBC to be a minimum,

R and TBC must be perpendicular.

(a) TBC = 4.88 N 6.00° !

Chapter 2, Solution 15.

γ = 180° − (15° + 30° )

R 2 = (15 lb ) + ( 25 lb ) − 2 (15 lb )( 25 lb ) cos135°

Then: α + β + 75° = 180°

Chapter 2, Solution 16.

Using the Law of Cosines and the Law of Sines,

R 2 = ( 45 lb ) + (15 lb ) − 2 ( 45 lb )(15 lb ) cos135°

Chapter 2, Solution 17.

γ = 180° − 25° − 50°

Using the Law of Sines:

and α = 47.542° − 25°

R = 10.47 kN 22.5° "

Chapter 2, Solution 19.

We have: γ = 180° − ( 45° + 25° ) = 110°

Hence: φ = α + 45° = 72.028°

Chapter 2, Solution 19.

We have: γ = 180° − ( 45° + 25° ) = 110°

Hence: φ = α + 45° = 72.028°

Chapter 2, Solution 20.

We have: γ = 180° − ( 45° + 25° ) = 110°

Finally: φ = α + 45° = 87.972°

Chapter 2, Solution 21.

2.4 kN Force: Fx = ( 2.4 kN ) cos 50°

Fy = ( 2.4 kN ) sin 50°

1.85 kN Force: Fx = (1.85 kN ) cos 20°

Fy = (1.85 kN ) sin 20°

1.40 kN Force: Fx = (1.40 kN ) cos 35°

Fy = − (1.40 kN ) sin 35°

Chapter 2, Solution 22.

5 kips: Fx = ( 5 kips ) cos 40°

Fy = ( 5 kips ) sin 40°

7 kips: Fx = − ( 7 kips ) cos 70°

Fy = ( 7 kips ) sin 70°