The Rocky Horror Show

This article is about the musical. For its motion picture Rocky Horror Show to keep himself busy on winter
adaptation, see The Rocky Horror Picture Show.
evenings. Since his youth, O'Brien had developed a passion for science ction and B horror movies; he wanted to
The Rocky Horror Show is a musical with music, lyrics combine elements of the unintentional humour of B horror movies, portentous dialogue of schlock-horror, Steve
and a book by Richard O'Brien. A humorous tribute to
the science ction and horror B movies of the late 1940s Reeves muscle icks[2]and fties rock and roll into The
A major theme running throughthrough to the early 1970s, the musical tells the story of a Rocky Horror Show.
transvestitism,
which according to
out
the
musical
is
newly engaged couple getting caught in a storm and comO'Brien
was
not
originally
meant
to
be as prominent as
ing to the home of a mad transvestite scientist unveiling
it
would
end
up
being.
his new creation, a muscle man named Rocky Horror.
O'Brien took a small amount of his unnished Rocky
Horror to Australian director Jim Sharman, who decided he wanted to direct it at the small experimental
space Upstairs at the Royal Court Theatre, Sloane Square,
Chelsea, London, which was used as a project space for
new work.[3] Sharman had received some success with
the original Australian production of Jesus Christ Superstar during which he met O'Brien, who had played King
Herod for just one performance. Sharman brought in fellow Australians Nell Campbell and long-time scenic designer Brian Thomson to the production.

Produced and directed by Jim Sharman, the original London production of the musical premiered at the Royal
Court Theatre (Upstairs) on 19 June 1973 before moving to several other locations in London and closing on
13 September 1980, running for a total of 2,960 performances and winning the 1973 Evening Standard Theatre
Award for Best Musical. Its 1974 debut in the US in
Los Angeles had a successful nine-month run but its 1975
Broadway debut at the Belasco Theatre lasted only three
previews and forty ve showings despite earning one Tony
nomination and three Drama Desk nominations. Various
international productions have since spanned across six
continents as well as West End and Broadway revivals and
eight UK tours.

Star Tim Curry recalled his rst encounter with the script:
I'd heard about the play because I lived
on Paddington Street, o Baker Street, and
there was an old gym a few doors away. I saw
Richard O'Brien in the street, and he said he'd
just been to the gym to see if he could nd a
muscleman who could sing. I said, Why do
you need him to sing?" [laughs] And he told
me that his musical was going to be done, and
I should talk to Jim Sharman. He gave me the
script, and I thought, Boy, if this works, its
going to be a smash.[4]

The musical was adapted into the lm The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975), which has the longest-running
release in lm history. The musical was ranked 8th in a
BBC Radio 2 listener poll of the Nations Number One
Essential Musicals.[1]

History

The original creative team was then rounded out by costume designer Sue Blane and musical director Richard
Hartley, although Pete Moss would later take over as musical director. Michael White was also brought in to produce Rocky Horror. As the musical went into rehearsal,
the working title for it became They Came from Denton
High, but it was changed just before previews at the suggestion of Sharman to The Rocky Horror Show.[3][5]
After two previews, the show premiered without an interval at the Royal Courts 63-seat Theatre Upstairs on
19 June 1973 and ran until 20 July 1973. The cast included Tim Curry, Patricia Quinn, Nell Campbell (billed
as Little Nell), Julie Covington and Richard O'Brien, who
made the production, which was all-out camp, a creative

Original programme of the musical from the Theatre Upstairs

As an out-of-work actor, Richard O'Brien wrote The

1

2 SYNOPSIS

triumph and a critical and commercial success.[6] Record

producer Jonathan King saw it on the second night and
signed the cast to make the original cast recording over
a long weekend that was rushed out on his UK Records
label. King was involved heavily in the initial promotion
for the show as well as being the minority backer of it
nancially with White having a majority share.
The impact at the Royal Court Upstairs allowed the production be transferred to the 230-seat Chelsea Classic
Cinema nearby on Kings Road from 14 August 1973
to 20 October 1973.[7] Rocky Horror found a quasipermanent home at the 500-seat Kings Road Theatre
(another cinema house) even further down Kings Road
from 3 November 1973. The show received critical praise
and won the 1973 Evening Standard Award for Best Musical.
Its run at the Kings Road Theatre ended on 31 March
1979 before transferring to the Comedy Theatre (now the
Harold Pinter Theatre) to begin performances on 6 April
1979. At the new venue, Rocky Horror required some
restaging as it was the rst theatre that the musical had
played at with a traditional proscenium arch stage. For
the rst time, the musical was also broken into two acts
with an interval. It nished its run there on 13 September
1980.

2
2.1

Synopsis
Act I

The Usherette, often referred to as Trixie, who works

in a derelict cinema, introduces tonights lm in a song
("Science Fiction/Double Feature"), with masked Phantoms providing the backing vocals.
After attending the wedding of Ralph Hapschatt and
Betty Munroe, Brad Majors confesses his love to Janet
Weiss ("Dammit Janet") and the two become engaged.
The Narrator appears and explains that Brad and Janet
are leaving Denton to visit Dr. Everett Scott, their former science tutor, while driving into a rainstorm. During
the trip, their car has a at tire and they are forced to
walk through the rain to seek a telephone in an old castle
("Over at the Frankenstein Place").
The Narrator explains that Brad and Janet are feeling apprehensive and uneasy, but must accept any help that
they are oered. As Brad and Janet arrive, Ri Ra,
the hunchbacked handyman, greets them, and his sister
Magenta, the maid, appears. Ri Ra, Magenta and
Columbia (a groupie) speak briey of an unlucky delivery boy named Eddie before performing the shows signature dance number ("Time Warp"*). Brad and Janet
try to leave at this point, but are stopped when Dr. Frank
N. Furter, a pansexual, cross-dressing mad scientist, arrives. He introduces himself as a sweet transvestite from
Transsexual, Transylvania and invites Brad and Janet up

to his laboratory ("Sweet Transvestite"). As he goes up,

Brad and Janet are stripped to their underwear to dry o.
Brad and Janet enter the laboratory, where Frank N.
Furter gives them laboratory coats to wear. Frank announces that he has discovered the secret to life itself.
He unveils his creation, a blonde, well-built man named
Rocky Horror, who is brought to life. As his bandages are removed, Rocky worries about his predicament
("The Sword of Damocles"). Frank admires Rockys
physique by singing a tribute to muscle builders (Charles
Atlas Song"/"I Can Make You a Man"**). A CocaCola freezer in the laboratory opens to reveal Frank and
Columbias former lover, Eddie, a biker covered in surgical scars, who has been rendered a (slightly more) braindamaged zombie, intent on rescuing Columbia, and escaping the castle while successfully causing large amounts
of damage to Franks laboratory, and having partial memories of the way he lived life in the past (Hot Patootie
Bless My Soul). Frank panics, forces Eddie back
into the freezer and hacks him to death. Frank tells
Rocky the recipient of the other half of Eddies brain
that he prefers him over Eddie (Charles Atlas Song
(Reprise)"/"I Can Make You a Man (Reprise)"**). Brad
and Janet, somewhat ustered after witnessing the remurdering of Eddie, are then ushered to separate bedrooms for the night.

2.2 Act II
The Narrator foreshadows that Brad and Janet may be
quite unsafe. Janet enjoys Brads advances in her darkened bedroom before realizing that it is in fact Frank in
disguise. He convinces Janet that pleasure is no crime,
and after she asks him to promise not to tell Brad, they
resume their lovemaking. The scene changes to Brads
darkened bedroom, where Brad makes love to Janet before discovering that, once again, it is Frank in disguise.
Frank promises not to tell Janet, but as they resume, Ri
Ra interrupts on the television monitor with the message that Rocky has escaped. Janet searches for Brad in
the laboratory and discovers Rocky hiding there. Checking the television monitor, Janet sees Brad in bed with
Frank and seduces Rocky ("Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch-a,
Touch Me"). While searching the television monitor for
Rocky, the rest of the group discovers that Janet has slept
with him and Brad becomes hurt and angry (Once in
a While). Ri Ra then noties Frank that there is another visitor entering the castle: Doctor Everett Scott, the
paraplegic science tutor whom Brad and Janet intended to
visit.
Doctor Scott is pushed into the laboratory by Columbia
where Frank accuses him and Brad of trying to investigate his castle, knowing that Doctor Scott has connections with the FBI. Doctor Scott assures him that he has
come in search of Eddie, who is revealed to be his nephew
(Eddies Teddy). Frank displays Eddies corpse to the
group and then uses a device to electronically restrain the

3.1

Original Los Angeles production (American premiere)

three visitors and a rebellious Rocky to the oor (Planet

Schmanet Janet); the inhabitants of the castle are revealed to be space aliens led by Frank, who abandoned
their original mission in order to engage in kinky sex with
earthlings and work on Rocky. Magenta insists that they
return to their home planet now that they have been found
out; Frank refuses and, instead, declares his intentions to
put on a oor show.

3.1 Original Los Angeles

(American premiere)

production

Lou Adler had made millions with risky ventures such as

Monterey Pop. His record label, Ode Records was becoming known for harvesting experimental talent. In late
winter of 1973, Adler attended a performance of the show
with Britt Ekland and acting on impulse and seeing a hit,
he
met backstage with producers and within 36 hours had
Under Franks inuence, Columbia, Rocky, Brad and
secured
the American theatrical rights.[8]
Janet perform song and dance routines while clad in lingerie (Rose Tint My World (Floor Show)"). After, The show premiered at the Roxy Theatre in Los Angeles
Frank entices them to lose all inhibition and give in to on 24 March 1974, running for nine months.[9] The cast
their basest carnal instincts, resulting in everyones begin- was all new except for Tim Curry. The show played to a
ning to engage in orgiastic sex (Don't Dream It Be It) full house and a deal was made with 20th Century Fox for
before Frank leads them into the concluding number of a lm.[10] Fox executive Gordon Stulberg saw the show
the oor show (Wild and Untamed Thing). The show at the Roxy and agreed to invest $1 million in the lm
comes to an abrupt end when Ri Ra and Magenta en- project.[11] Adlers attempt to turn his club into a playter, wearing spacesuits and carrying ray guns. Ri Ra house was successful. The singer Meat Loaf remembers
declares that he is usurping Franks authority and tak- dierent celebrities that would come to the show resulting
ing them all back to their home planet ("Transit Beam"). in him meeting Elvis Presley at a performance.[8] Senator
Frank makes a nal plea for sympathy from Ri Ra, try- Al Franken was a young lighting apprentice brought in by
ing to make him understand his desire to spend the rest of Sid Strong. He recalls Adler had the show mounted by
his life having sex with earthlings (I'm Going Home). producer Brian Avnet and that both Curry and O'Brien
Ri Ra is unmoved and guns down Columbia, Frank were brought in from the UK.[9]
and Rocky before ordering Brad, Janet and Doctor Scott
to leave.
As the trio evacuates the castle, Ri Ra and Magenta
express their excitement to return to their world and do
the Time Warp again with their fellow Transylvanians
(Spaceship). Brad and Janet watch as the castle blasts
o into outer space, confused about the implications of
their sexual escapades (Super Heroes). To conclude
his tale, the Narrator says and crawling on the planets
face, insects called the human race, lost in time, and lost
in space and meaning. As the show ends, The Usherette returns to recount the nights events (Science Fiction/Double Feature (Reprise)").
In the original London and Los Angeles productions,
Sweet Transvestite came before Time Warp. This
was changed for the lm version and was subsequently updated for the stage version when Richard
O'Brien revised the script for the 1990 West End revival.

3.2 Original Sydney production (Australian premiere)

Harry M. Miller produced the original Sydney production of Rocky Horror, which opened on 15 April 1974,
running for almost two years in the New Arts Cinema
(formerly The Astor, later The Valhalla and now an ofce building) in Glebe. It starred Reg Livermore, Jane
Harders, Kate Fitzpatrick, Arthur Dignam, Sal Sharah,
John Paramor, Graham Matters, Bob Hudson and Maureen Elkner.

3.3 Original Melbourne production

After eighteen months in Sydney, the show moved to

Melbourne, where it opened at the Regent Palace Theatre in October 1975. It ran for another eighteen months
and 458 performances, nally closing in May 1977. The
Melbourne production starred Max Phipps as Frank N.
Charles Atlas Song was replaced by a reworked
Furter. Other actors included Joan Brockenshire as Maversion of the song, I Can Make You a Man, for
genta, Clive Blackie as Rocky, Shirley Anne Kear as
the lm version. Richard O'Briens revision of the
Janet.
script in 1990 featured a hybrid of the two songs under the title I Can Make You a Man, in the 1999 revised script this song was replaced by the lm version 3.4 Original New York City (Broadway)
which continues to be used in all major productions.
production
The reprise remains unchanged except for the title.

Other productions

In early 1975 Lou Adler closed the show at the Roxy Theater after a ten-month run. This gave actors time to return to the UK for lming of the movie version. Adler
planned to open on Broadway just before the release of

4 MUSIC

3.6 Second London (West End) production

The Rocky Horror Show transferred to the 820-seat
Comedy Theatre on Panton Street in the West End, running from 6 April 1979 until 13 September 1980, closing the plays initial run of 2,960 performances. After
occasional productions in the early 1980s, the play was
revived for the Theatre Royal, Hanley tour in 1984 and
still is performed regularly in the UK.[16]

4 Music
Theatre Upstairs at The Royal Court
"Science Fiction/Double Feature"
"Dammit, Janet!"
"Over at the Frankenstein Place"
"Sweet Transvestite"
The Time Warp"
The Sword of Damocles
I Can Make You A Man
"What Ever Happened to Saturday Night?"
Original Broadway poster

"Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch-a, Touch Me"

Once in a While

the lm. It was anticipated that this production would be

as successful as Jesus Christ Superstar and serve as a public vehicle for the lm version.[9] It was unsuccessful and
closed after 45 performances.[12]

Eddies Teddy
Planet, Schmanet, Janet
"Rose Tint My World/Don't Dream It, Be It/Wild
and Untamed Thing
"I'm Going Home"
Superheroes

3.5

Original San Francisco production

Science Fiction/Double Feature (Reprise)"

A C C K R T F E
: I C M Y M ,
The third U.S. production opened at the Montgomery C ,
Playhouse in San Francisco on 3 February 1976[13] and E T .
played 103 performances, closing on 30 May.[14] The
San Francisco production was directed by A. Michael Broadway
Amarino, with musical direction and arrangements by
Michael Reno.[15] The production had a new cast and
Science Fiction - Trixie
starred David James as Dr. Frank N. Furter.[15] The
opening night cast included Roslyn Roseman as Ush Wedding Song - Brad and Janet
erette / Magenta, Needa Greene as Janet Weiss, Robert
Over at the Frankenstein Place - Brad and Janet
Reynolds as Brad Majors, Richard Gee as the Narrator,
Buddy King as Ri-Ra, Paula Desmond as Columbia,
Sweet Transvestite - Frank
Bob Dulaney as Rocky Horror, and Emil Borelli as Ed Time Warp - Magenta, Columbia, Ri-Ra, Nardie / Dr. Everett Scott, with back-up vocals by Vikki
rator
D'Orazi, William J. Tacke and Kelly St. John.[13]

5.2

20142015 Australian Tour

The Sword of Damocles - Rocky

The rst leg of the tour ran from September 2009 to

July 2010 with a short break over the Christmas period.
Charles Atlas Song - Frank
David Bedella reprised his role as Frank N. Furter. The
second leg of the tour began on 1 September 2010 at
What Ever Happened to Saturday Night - Eddie
the New Victoria Theatre, Woking with several changes
to the cast. During the UK tours summer break direcCharles Atlas Song (Reprise)" - Frank
tor Christopher Luscombe and the shows creative team
Eddies Teddy - Dr. Scott, Columbia and Com- recreated the UK production in Seoul, South Korea with
pany
a new cast of American, Australian and New Zealander
actors and local celebrities as the Narrator. The producOnce in Awhile - Brad
tion played from August until October 2010 before a veweek New Zealand tour in November and December with
Planet Shmanet Janet - Frank
Richard O'Brien making a rare appearance as the Narrator.
It Was Great When It All Began - Company

Superheroes - Company
Science Fiction (Reprise)" - Trixie
Sweet Transvestite (Reprise)" - Company
Time Warp (Reprise)" - Company

5.1.1 201213 UK tour

In December 2012, a new production of the Rocky Horror Show began a year-long UK tour to celebrate the
shows 40th anniversary.[17]

Christopher Luscombe has returned to direct the production which stars Oliver Thornton as Frank N Furter, Ben
5 National productions
Forster (winner of ITV1 series Superstar) as Brad Majors
until February 2013, Roxanne Pallett (of Emmerdale) as
Janet Weiss until May 2013 and Rhydian Roberts (of The
5.1 UK productions
X Factor) as Rocky until March 2013. Unlike recent
productions, the tour will not feature interchanging guest
The Rocky Horror Show has toured the UK regularly since
Narrators with Philip Franks taking on the role.
the 199091 West End revival at the Piccadilly Theatre in
productions produced by Richard O'Brien's and Howard The show also features Kristian Lavercombe returnPanter's Rocky Horror Company. Notable celebrities ing to the role of Ri Ra, Abigail Jaye as The
have been cast including Tim McInnerny, Anthony Head, Usherette/Magenta, Ceris Hine reprising the role of
Robin Cousins, Jason Donovan and Jonathan Wilkes as Columbia, Joel Montague as Eddie/Dr. Scott and Maria
Frank N. Furter, Edward Tudor-Pole as Ri-Ra and Coyne, Christos Dante, David Gale and Rachel Grundy
TVs Craig Ferguson and Adrian Edmonson as Brad Ma- as the Phantoms, with Andrew Ahern as the swing.
jors.
Richard O'Briens Rocky Horror Show completed its
20062007 tour on 14 July 2007 in Woking, Surrey after touring for almost eighteen months. The tour was
directed by Christopher Luscombe and featured David
Bedella as Frank N. Furter. The 2006 tour cast, accompanied by Roger Lloyd-Pack as the Narrator and author Richard O'Brien, performed The Time Warp live
in Trafalgar Square on 22 July 2006 as part of The Big
Dance event and was broadcast on BBC1s Dancing in
the Street. In 2008 David Bedella released his rst album
The Dean St. Sessions, produced by Nathan Amzi, which
included a duet with Richard O'Brien singing I'm Going
Home as a bonus video.

5.2 20142015 Australian Tour

In January 2014, a new Australian tour of the UK production began to celebrate the shows 40th anniversary.
While keeping a similar stage to the one in the UK Tour,
it featured a new cast with Craig McLachlan reprising the
role of Dr. Frank N. Furter, which he played in the 1992
Australian Production. Additional cast members include
Tim Maddren as Brad, Christie Whelan Browne as Janet,
Ashlea Pyke as Columbia, Erika Heynatz as Magenta and
the Usherette, Nicholas Christo as Eddie\Dr. Scott, Brendan Irving as Rocky and Tony Farrell as The Narrator.
Kristian Lavercombe reprises his role of Ri Ra from
In March 2009, the show returned with a new UK tour both the UK Tour and the New Zealand production. The
starting in the autumn. With Christopher Luscombe re- Phantoms are played by Vincent Hooper, Luigi Lucente,
turning as the director, the tour was a revival of the 2006 Meghan O'Shea, Angela Scundi and James Maxeld.
2007 production with some adjustments to the direction, lighting, choreography, costumes and musical ar- The Tour premiered in Brisbane on January 10, 2014 at
rangements. The tour opened on 17 September 2009 at the Queensland Performing Arts Centre and ran until the
the New Wimbledon Theatre and closed on 4 December 9th of February.
2010 at the newly opened Aylesbury Waterside Theatre. The tour then transferred to Perths Crown Theatre and

AWARDS AND NOMINATIONS

ran from February 16, 2014 to March 9, 2014.

other shows running at the time, closed early because

The performance transferred to the Adelaide Festival of nancial losses during the time after 9/11. The ReCentre to run from March 21, 2014 to April 13, 2014 vival was nominated for the following Tony Awards: Best
with a preview on March 20, 2014. Richard O'Brien took Actor: Tom Hewitt; Best Costume Designer: David C.
Woolard; Best Director: Christopher Ashley; and Best
over the role of the Narrator for the run in Adelaide.
Musical Revival.
The performance then transferred to the Melbourne
Comedy Theatre. It ran from April 26, 2014 with previews from April 23, 2014 before nishing its run on June
22, 2014.
5.4 New Zealand
The tour then took a break due to scheduling conicts and
McLachlans involvement in The Doctor Blake Mysteries
before transferring to the Sydney Lyric Theatre where it
ran from April 15, 2015 to June 7, 2015. It featured
new additional replacement cast members which included
Stephen Mahy as Brad, Amy Lehpamer as Janet, Angelique Cassimatis as Columbia, Jayde Westaby as Magenta and the Usherette and Bert Newton as The Narrator. The Phantoms are played by Darren Tyler, Drew
Weston and Suzanne Steele.

In August 2010, a new production based on the 2009

10 UK Tour opened in Seoul, South Korea starring Juan
Jackson as Frank N. Furter and Kristian Lavercombe
as Ri Ra with an international cast. Following the
seven-week run the production commenced a limited tour
of New Zealand in November 2010, playing at theatres
in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch with Richard
O'Brien as the Narrator. UK Tour actors Richard Meek
and Haley Flaherty reprised their roles as Brad and Janet
The performance then returned for its nal encore back for the nal week of the New Zealand run, ying out days
at the Melbourne Comedy Theatre. It ran from June 12, after the end of the UK production in December 2010.
2015 before concluding on July 19, 2015 after being extended for one additional week due to popular demand.
Richard O'Brien took over the role of the Narrator for a
5.5 Singapore
week in Melbourne.

5.3
5.3.1

U.S. productions
1980 North American production

The Rocky Horror Show toured North America.

The cast featured Frank Gregory as Frank N. Furter,
Marcia Mitzman as Janet, Frank Piergo as Brad, Pendleton Brown as Ri Ra, Lorelle Brina as Magenta/Trixie,
C. J. Critt as Columbia, Kim Milford as Rocky, Steve
Lincoln as The Narrator.
5.3.2

Based on the 200910 UK Tour and following runs in

South Korea and New Zealand in 2010, Christopher Luscombes international touring production ended at the
Esplanade Theatre, Singapore, in January 2012.[18] The
international cast was joined by local stage and screen
actor Hossan Leong as the Narrator whilst two further
UK Tour actors joined the company with Kara Lane
and Daniela Valvano reprising their roles as The Usherette/Magenta and Phantom, respectively. This production was the rst uncensored version of The Rocky Horror Show to be performed in Singapore with the previous
1993 production having been toned down.[19] The lm
adaptation was banned until 2003.[20]

Broadway revival

The Rocky Horror Show had a longer revival on Broadway

from October 2000 to January 2002 at the Circle in
the Square Theatre and featured Tom Hewitt (later
Terrance Mann) as Frank N. Furter, Alice Ripley as
Janet, Jarrod Emick (also Luke Perry) as Brad, Ral Esparza (later Sebastian Bach) as Ri Ra, Joan Jett as
Columbia/Usherette (later Ana Gasteyer), Lea DeLaria
(later Jason Wooten) as Eddie/Doctor Scott, and Daphne
Rubin-Vega as Magenta. From October 2001 to January
2002, several guest celebrities played the Narrator role
normally performed by Dick Cavett (Kate Clinton took
over for a week while Cavett was on vacation), including
Gilbert Gottfried, Sally Jesse Raphael, Robin Leach, magicians Penn & Teller, New York Post columnist Cindy
Adams, MTV personality Dave Holmes, and talk show
host Jerry Springer. It is suggested that the revival, like

6 Cast
7 Cast recordings
8 Awards and nominations
The original London production of The Rocky Horror
Show won the award for Best Musical at the Evening
Standard Awards in 1973. Additionally, both the original
Broadway production and the 2000 revival of the musicals have accrued nominations for both Tony Awards and
Drama Desk Awards.

8.1

Original London production

8.2

Original Broadway production

8.3

2001 Broadway revival

References and footnotes

[1] Nations Number One Essential Musical from a BBC website

[2] Knapp, Raymond (March 2, 2009). The American Musical and the Performance of Personal Identity. Princeton
University Press. pp. 240'. ISBN 0-691-14105-3.
[3] Miller, Scott (October 11, 2011). Sex, Drugs, Rock &
Roll, and Musicals. Northeastern. p. 114. ISBN 9781-55553-743-2.
[4] Lovece, Frank (December 8, 1992). Curry Prefers the
Sidelight for Now. NEA newspaper syndicate. Retrieved
May 13, 2013.
[5] Thomson, Brian, ed. (1979) The Rocky Horror Scrapbook.
New York: Star Fleet Productions, Inc. 6.
[6] Thompson, Dave (October 1, 2011). Bad Reputation: The
Unauthorized Biography of Joan Jett. Backbeat. p. 44.
ISBN 978-0-87930-990-9.
[7] Shuker, Roy (November 1, 1994). Understanding popular
music. Routledge; annotated edition. p. 160. ISBN 9780-415-10722-8.
[8] Quisling, Erik; Austin Williams (January 13, 2004).
Straight Whisky: A Living History of Sex, Drugs and Rock
'n' Roll. Taylor Trade Publishing. pp. 221222. ISBN
978-1-56625-197-6.
[9] Flinn, Denny Martin (February 1, 2006). Little Musicals
for Little Theatres: A Reference Guide for Musicals That
Don't Need Chandeliers or Helicopters to Succeed. Limelight Editions. p. 123. ISBN 0-87910-321-3.
[10] Goldberg, Michael Jay (May 2001). The Collectible '70s:
A Price Guide to the Polyester Decade. Krause Publications. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-87341-986-4.
[11] Dimare, Philip C. (June 17, 2011). Movies in American
History: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 415. ISBN
978-1-59884-296-8.
[12] Deniso, Romanowski, R. Serge, William D. (January 1,
1991). Risky business: rock in lm. Transaction Publishers; 1ST edition. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-88738-843-9.
[13] Taylor, Robert (6 February 1976). Rocky a Drag Not a
Bore. The San Francisco Tribune.
[14] Willis, John (Winter 1976). San Francisco Rocky Horror Show. Theatre World 32: 170.
[15] Sullivan, Gail Bernice (26 April 1976). Straight By Day
For Out By Night. San Francisco Examiner.
[16] Harding, James. (1987) The Rocky Horror Show Book.
London: Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd. 101.

[17] Rocky Horror Show UK tour website. Retrieved 2 January 2013.

[18] The Rocky Horror Show comes to Singapore this January. I-S Magazine Online.
[19] Theater ReviewThe Rocky Horror Show. I-S Magazine Online.
[20] Singapore set for Rocky Horror. BBC News. 14 October
2003.

10 External links
Ocial Rocky Horror Show UK Tour web site
The Rocky Horror Show at the Internet Broadway
Database
RockyShows.net, a calendar of productions in the
US and Canada

11

11
11.1

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

The Rocky Horror Show Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rocky_Horror_Show?oldid=675480025 Contributors: Danny, Deb,

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Pkirlin, Commander Keane bot, Fetofs, Chris the speller, Detaler, Ri Ra, GuillaumeTell, Wuzzy, Deiz, MusicMaker5376, Harryboyles,
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11.2

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11.3

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