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Game of Grains:
Milling and Grain has invited Raghavan Sampathkumar, an agribusiness professional, based in Singapore, to
provide an overview of changing food policies on the food basket in developing countries such as India.
Mr Sampathkumar analyses key trends in the global agri-food sector and writes commentaries and columns
related to food prices, food crisis, sustainability, hunger and poverty
F
millets, such as ragi (finger millet), cumbu (pearl millet) and
foods like cassava, were important parts of regular everyday diets
but were eventually replaced, over several decades, with food
products derived from wheat, rice and/or corn.
As incomes rise, diets undergo faster and greater transformation
and in the race to be affordable and available, obviously some
food crops get sidelined.
Economists are conveniently blaming the countrys impressive
economic growth and claim that people tend to move ahead
to consume more food items that are perceived rich and less
of those foods that are perceived inferior - but by no means
nutritionally!
However, what these statistics do not reveal is the resulting
impacts on human health, nutritional wellbeing and eventually
productivity of the generation that misses out on important
sources of nutrients from these diverse food crops.
August 2015 | 35
F
discourage farmers to take up any other crops unless there are
absolutely no choices.
There is an entrenched belief that minimum support prices
(MSP), that are increased every year for these minor crops, will
motivate farmers to take up cultivation.
Unfortunately, that belief has been proven wrong at least in the
case of pulses since domestic production has been languishing
despite significant increases in MSP up to 87 percent over the
last four years for some crops like pigeon pea.
If anyone claims lack of demand from the consumers for pulses
as the cause for the negligible growth in production, the numbers
speak by themselves. Indias pulses imports have grown over
the last four years from nearly 15 percent in 2010-11 of the total
demand to reach 21 percent in 2012-13 before falling to nearly
17 percent in 2013-14.
However, what limits creating more demand is clear lack of
innovations in developing novel food products using pulses as
ingredients and dwindling research and development (R&D)
efforts and investments in this front.
Pulses, unfortunately, are perhaps the most under-utilised foods
considering their rich nutritional profile. In the developed world,
new market segments currently being explored with significant
interest are protein-rich products targeted at athletes and body
builders, and the partial replacement of cereals with pulse-based
ingredients in extruded food products (eg noodles, pasta, etc).
Other popular foods, including granola bars and breakfast foods,
have significant amount of pulses.
However, In India, research on these fronts has long been in
its nascent stages. Maize (corn) has undergone such a phase of
growth and exploration of unimaginable kinds of use options
and has become almost ubiquitous in several every day food
products. Similar efforts are needed to create demand for
pulses.
In a different perspective, questionable policies on fertiliser
pricing, particularly for nitrogen against other fertilisers, may
be a limiting factor for increasing pulses cultivation. Urea is
the cheapest of all fertilisers and an average farmer, without
understanding nutritional requirement and soil health will
obviously go for the cheapest fertiliser thinking it would result in
bountiful harvest.
However, all these not only worsen the already awkward
N-P-K ratio of the soil but impact the ecosystem, flora and fauna
particularly marine life due to loss of excessive nitrogen through
run off and leaching.
By taking a rational policy on this front will not only result in
encouraging pulses cultivation but also can help enhance soil
health, which is important from sustainability perspective.
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