Kurgusal Sözlük I-II

ngilizce - Trke
Kelime EZBERLETEM
Kurgusal Szlk
SD, YDS, KPDS ve TOEFL
Snavlarna Hazrlananlar in
SINASI BADEMCIOGLU
1955 vlnda stanbul'da dodu, Pertevniyal Lisesi ni 1974 ylnda bitirdi. Bir sre stan
bul niversitesi Edebiyat Fakltesi ngiliz Dili \e Edebiyat Blm ne devam etti. Daha son
ra Marmara niversitesi Basn Yayn Yksel Okulu ndan mezun oldu. almalarn bir sre
serbest gazeteci olarak srdrd. eitli firmalarda export-import manager olarak grev ald,
1996-1999 yllar arasnda, srasyla: stanbul niversitesi nin Eczaclk Fakltesi. Di Hekim
lii Fakltesi. Veteriner Fakltesi, Kimya Fakltesi. Fen Fakltesi. apa Tp Fakltesi. Cer
rahpaa Tp Fakltesi. Adli Tp Kurumu; Marmara niversitesi nin Eczaclk Fakltesi, Spor
Akademisi. Kimya Fakltesi. letme Fakltesi. Gzel Sanatlar Fakltesi. Mimarsinan niver
sitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakltesi. T naat Fakltesi. Florence Nightingale Hemirelik Yksek
Okulu ile GEBZE YKSEK TEKNOLOJ Enstits ve TBTAK Marmara Aratrma Mer
kezimde. KELME EZBERLEME ve HAFIZA GELTRME TEKNKLER konusunda
dersler verdi. Halen almalarna ngilizce - Trke szlk ve yk yazm alannda devam
etmektedir.
ngilizce.- Trke
Kelime EZBERLETEN
Kurgusal Szlk
DS, YDS, KPDS ve TOEFL
inasi BADEMCOLU
ALFA
Alfa Yaynlan 1095

Szliik 34
ngilizce - Trke
Kelime EZBERLETEN Kurgusal Szlk
inasi Bademciol
1. Basm : Nisan 2002

5. Basm : Ekim 2004
d. Basn : Nisan 2005
ISBN : 975-207-071-0
Yayma ve Genel Yayn Ynetmeni M. Faruk Bavrak

Yn/n Koordinatr r Editr Rana Crtuna
Pazarlmn ir Sal Midiin Vedat Bayrak
2001, ALFA Basn Yayn Datm Ltd. ti
Kitabn tim unum haklan Alfa Ba>m Yanm Datm Ltd ti u- ifOr
Yanni vinden /azl izin alnmadan kanen un da tamamn alnt /amlama
hibir êhildi- kopya edilcnuz.. oaltlmanz ve yayndanamaz
Alfa Basm Yaym Datm Ltd. ti.

Ticnrijyne Sokak No: 53 Canlolu 34410 stanbul, Turkey
Tel: <212 511 53 03 - 513 87 51 - 512 3 46 Faks: (212 519 33 00
www.alfakitap.com
infoS'alfakitap.com
Bask ve Cilt
Melisa M atbaaclk
iftehavuzlar Yolu Acar Sanayi Sitesi No: 8 Bayrampaa - stanbul
Tel: (212) 674 97 23 Faks: (212) 674 97 29
nsz
Yeni bir anlayn szl
Szlkler, vazgeilmez bavuru kaynadr..
Yalnz ana dilimiz asndan deil, bir yabanc dil asndan da nem tar.
Hele yabanc dil szlkleri, yalnz bir kelimenin karln vermekle yetinirler
se. o dilin renilmesi konusunda eksik kalrlar..
nemli olan o dilin lezzetini, esprisini szle yklemektir.
nk bu tr bir szlk belleimizde kalr, bylece de o dili daha abuk, daha
doru, daha gzel renmemizi salar..
inasi BADEMCOLUnun bu szl, modern anlayn bir ok ynlerini
kendinde toplayan, yeni szlk anlayn yanstan bir almadr..
Sadece kelimeleri, kavramlar deil onun ardndaki dnceyi de. glmseme du
daklarnzdan umadan reneceksiniz.
Sanrm bu anlaytaki szlk almalarn inasi BADEMCOLU srdrecek
tir..
nk bu szlkten dili renmenin zevkine varanlarn says her yeni gn biraz
daha artacaktr.
Doan HIZLAN
Tlere is no such thing as a moral or an mmoral book. Books are veli uriten or
badly \vriten. That's ali
Oscar YVILDE
"No onc w ili gaisay e when I say. 'Trly G U STAV MAHLER u-as le greatest composer'"'
Amolcl SCHOENBERG
BaE -ken
KELME EZBERLETEN KURGUSAL SZLK TOEFL. KPDS. YS. DS
ve benzeri snavlarda sklkla karlalan ABUK UNUTULAN (soyut) kelimeler
den oluturulmutur.
KURGUSAL SZLN dier szlklerden FARKI nedir'? 12 FARKLI E
KLDE TEKRAR. Temel olarak alman kelimeler iin aklda kalmay kolaylatran k
sa bir HATIRLATICI SENARYO yazlmtr.
1
Bu senaryo ile ilgili ayrca bir KARKATR izilmitir.

2
Kelimenin KEND ANLAMI. EANLAMI. ZIT ANLAMI iin RNEK CM3

4
5
6
LELER verilmitir.
Her 25 kelime sonras bu kelimeler iin genel bir hatrlatmann ardndan 5 ayr
7
altrma verilmitir.
S) FIND THE RIGHT WORD ALIMASI
9)
SYNONYM ALIMASI
10) ANTONYM ALIMASI

11) VOCABULARY ALIMASI
12) WORD FORMATION ALIMASI
Bylece H BR SZLKTE bulunmayan 5 AYRI ALITIRMA ile birlikte
toplam 12 AYRI EKLDE bir kelimeyi TEKRARLAMA imkn domaktadr.
Bu szl NASIL ALIACAKSINIZ?
1) Senaryolar birka kez okuyun.
2) Senaryolarla ilgili olarak izilen karikatrlerle balant kurun.
3) Kelimenin kendi anlam, eanlam ve zt anlam ile ilgili rnek cmleleri iyice
inceleyin. Kelimenin etimle iinde nasl kullanldn renin.
4) Her 25 kelimeden sonra verilen tekrar mutlaka yapn.

5) En sonra da altrmalara gein.
KELMELER SZ EDLEN EKLDE ALIMADAN ASLA ALITIR
MALARA GEMEYN!
Senaryo almas Nedir?

Bilindii gibi insan beyni sa ve sol olmak zere iki lobtan olumutur. Sol lobun
grevi matematik, fizik gibi fen bilimlerinde devreye girmektedir. Sa ksm ise sa
natsal faaliyetlerde 'kullanlmaktadr. Edebiyat, plastik sanatlar ve mzik gibi daha
ok hayal gcnn kullanlmasn gerektiren alanlarda iimize yaramaktadr.
SENARYO ALIMALARINDAK AMA BEYNN HER K TARAFINI DA
KOORDNEL OLARAK KULLANMAKTIR. Hemen hemen herkes talyann ha
ritasn izebildii halde, Tanzanyann haritasn izemez. nk talya izmeyi
andrr. Tanzanyann byle bir benzetilme ans yoktur. talya rneinde devreye
sa lob girdiinden i kolaylamtr. Benim amacm da bu koordinasyonu senaryo
lardaki eitli benzetmelerle hatrlatmay salamaktr. Somut szckler hemen re
nilen szcklerdir. Her renci TEACHER, CHAIR vs. gibi kelimeleri hemen re
nip bir daha unutmazken, SOYUT bir szck olan ENROLL kelimesini abucak
renemez. Gelin imdi bu szc senaryo almasyla beynimizin her iki lobunu
kullanarak renelim.
stanbul Tiyatro Kulb EN iyi ROL yapan EROLu (enroll) YELE KA
BUL ETT.
enroll: yelie kabul etmek
RNEKTE DE GRLD GB ENROLL" KELMESNN N HARF
N BR AN N YOK FARZ EDEREK, SANK EROL GB ALGILAYACAK
HALE GETRDK, KELME "YELE KABUL ETMEK" ANLAMINA GELD
N DE HAYAL BR TYATRO KULB OLUTURDUK, YAPTIIMIZ
TM LEM BUNDAN BARET. BYLECE BEYNN SA LOBU DA DEVRE
YE GREREK, SOYUT BR SZCK OLAN ENROLL KELMES KALICI HA
FIZAYA YERLEM OLDU.
Bu szln ilk taslaklarnn hazrlanmasndan bitinceye kadar geen 4 yl bo
yunca bana verdii sonsuz destek iin annem PERHAN CBOZANa ne kadar te
ekkr etsem azdr.
Dizgi ilemleri srasnda en az benim kadar titizlik gsteren sayn Hlya FIRATa
teekkr etmeyi bir bor olarak addediyorum.
inas BADEMCOLU
ubat 2002. stanbul
BALANGI N DENEME TEST
Bu Testi Yapmadan Kitaba

Gemeyin!
125- steudily (sted'ili) : sabit bir ekilde

Uzun sreci ir asm S T.- de oturan bir gencin
anlattklarn, eni tanan arkada anlama
ynca, delikanl: "Bizim dilimiz S T Fi DL
(steadliy SABT BR HKLDE ay n szck
leri kullanrz'' der
37- cleck in (ek in) : (otel vs.ye) iri
yapmak
Bodrum, tatile gelenlerin akmna uram ve
oteller GR YAPMAK iin bekleen turist
lerle dolmutur. le bunlardan birinde, resep
siyonun n bavullarla doludur Bunu gren
bir turist: "Kardeim bavullarnz EKN de
(cleck in) OTELE GR YAPALIM der.
476- lasl (la.) : knamak, ayplamak;
azarlamak
e gitmek iin giydii gmlein ykanmad
n fark eden Ali Bey: "Bu gmlek LE gibi
kirli (tasl) seni KINIYORUM. AYIPLIYO
RUM" diye karsna sylenir.
266- evesight (aysavt) ; grme yetenei,
gr mesafesi
Gz tansiyonu kan yal bir kadn duvar sa
atini bir an iin gremeyince: "AY SAAT g
remiyorum galiba (evesight) GRME YETE
NEN kaybettim" diye zntye kaplr.
145- zeal (zil) ; heves, istek
Yeni kurulan bandoya ZLci arayan blk ko
mutan: "inizde ZL almaya (zeal) HEVES, STEK 1i onlar bir adm ne ksn"' di
ye emir verir.
xi
349- agile (ac'a> 1) : evik
Sirk cambazn izleyen kk bir ocuk: "'Ben
de EVK biriyim. ple yryebilirim" dey in
ce: babas: 'E CAHL (agilel bunun EVK
olmakla ne ini si var!"' der
253- perish (per) : lmek: mahvolmak,
yok olmak
Kocas len PERHAN hanm teselli etmek
isteyen komusu: PER (perish) zntden
MAHVOLDUN. Bu kadar kendini zme"
der.
53- fascinate (fasTneyt) : bylemek
Evlilik yl dnmlerini kutlamak zere, bir
ift akam yemeine gider Dinledikleri FA
SIL HEYETni ok beenirler. Kendi arala
rnda: FASIL HEYET insan (fascinate
BYLYOR" diye konuurlar.
221- squander (skvvan'dr) : (para v.s.)
arur etmek
Dn iin hazrlad yemeklere yaman su
koyduunu gren aba: "PARAMIZI
ARUR EDEN PM AA SU KOYAN
DIR (squander)" diye onu ditirir
367- sneer ut (snir at) : kksemek, alay
etmek
Okuldan gelen kznn aladn gren anne
nedenim sorduunda, kz: "Beni arkadala
rm SNR Eltiler (sneer at! yeni ayakkabm
la ALAY ETTLER" der
XII
TEST: Aadaki ngilizce szcklerin karsna Trke anlamlarn yaznz.
steadily fstedili)
check in (ek n)
lash (ia)
eyesight (aysayt)
zeal (zil)
agile (cayl)
perish (per)
fascinate (fsnevt)
squander (skvvandr)
sneer at (snr at)
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDNZ

te senaryo teknii ve karikatrler yardm ile yabanc soyut szckleri
gayet kolay bir eklide hatrladnz gryorsunuz. Hi kukusuz ilk dene
mede tm yantlarn doru olmas beklenemez. nce yukarda szn etti
imiz senaryo tekniinin mantn kavramanz gerekmektedir. Senaryolarda
verilen ipularn dikkatle deerlendirmeniz ve karikatrlerle balantlar kur
manz sayesinde ngilizce'deki SOYUT ANLAMLI SZCKLER OK
RAHAT bir ekilde reneceksiniz.
1. - 25. Kelimeler
1- famine (fm'in) : ktlk
famine = dearth
famine x abundance : bolluk
Bir mzik retmeni rencilerine yeni beste
ledii arksn retmektedir O srada yoldan
geen bir isiz notalar duyar. inden "FA M.
FA M. Bu da ne byle? (Famine) Ben ALIKtan KITLIKtan perianm diye dnr.
Anohter crop failure could result in widespread famine.
The dearth of medical supplies made the
situation even more serious.
There was an abundance of wine at the
wedding.
2- drought (draut) : kuraklk

drought = dryness
drought x deluge : saanak
Uzun iire ambarda bekleyen budayn bir
ksm kflenmitir. ifti budayn hepsini at
mak ister. Kars: "DUR ATMA! (drought)
KURAKLIK'tan krldmz gnleri ne a
buk unuttun? diye sylenir.
There was a prolonged drought last
autumn.
Despite last summer's dryness, there is
no shortage of vvater.
They arrived home soaked, having been
caught in a deluge on the way.
3- explode (ksplod) : patla(t)mak

explode = burst
KS adl bir PLOT'un (e.\p!ode) ok gizli bir
grevde alrken, su borusunun PATLADI
INI hayal edin. Gerek d olay size (explode) kelimesinin "PATLATMAK" olduunu
anmsatacaktr.
Experts were called in to explode the
bomb that was found under the m inisters
car.
During the vvinter one of the vvater pipes
burst and we had a flood in the house.
Kelime Ezberleten Kuransal Szlk
-4* pnverty (par'rti : yoksulluk

poserty = ant
pmerty \ Mealil : zenginlik
Yokla yryen iki arkada grdkleri bir k
pek zerine konumasa halarlar. Somunla:
"Bu olsa olsa RA VIK Tklir. (poverty. YOKSULLUK ve alktan kemikleri saylr or" di
ye karar verirler
Two million people in ine city iive in abject
(=very gresi) poveriy
The plants ciied ror vvant of vvaier.
The country's vealth comes from ils oil
5- nisstatenent Imis.ster 1nt) : yanl,
kusurlu bey an. cmle
nisstatemeni - misi|u(itation
Miss STHYTMI.VI dunsa gzellik kaliees,
seilir. Ancak d/enkdi; l.sin iopianlsnuia
Miss STEYTMINTn (mis,t zemeit YAN
LI. KUSURLU BEYAN da bulunmas yr
lsmelere neden olur
There are several misstaemenis nbout
the cost of the nevv aireraff
t is imporiant to avoid misquotation oi
other people's work in your essay
6- revise (rivayz) : gzden geirmek
re\ ise = revierr
Yapmc sahnese konan mzikal oyunun ge
nel prosasn izlemekledir Oyunun ynelme
ni ise "VALS" blmn bir kez daha GZ
DEN GERMEK gerektiini vurgular An
cak yapmc oyunu beenin .yerek: "NE YALS! (revise) Oyunu batan sona GZDEN GE
RMEK kzn" diye sylenir.
I will have to revise my ideas about Ziyahe is really quite elever after ali
The committee is revievzing is decision.
7- admittedly (iidmit'idli) : kabul etmek

gerekirse
admittedly = concededly
Ar sanndan dolay, alt irkette arka
dalar tarafndan AD MT lakab taklan AD.
eitli eletirilere maruz kalr. Ancak efi bun
lara kar karak: "KABUL ETMEK GERE
KRSE (admittedly) AD MT alkan biri ve
iini iyi yapyor" diye onu korur
Admittedly, he vvorks slovvly, but his
essays are alvvays excellent.
The policy is seen to have failed, althought
concededly, it was never treated fairly by
the press
S- unim aginathe (AnmiicTntiv) : hayal
gcnden oksun
uimaginatis e = uninspired
nimaginatise x imuginatise : hayal
gc k u \\etli
ANT adl gen kz siyah salarndan bkar.
Salarna ME yaptrr Ancak renk tutma
mtr. Arkadalar: "AN'nin MEN (imagialive) HAYAL GCNDEN YOK
SUN" diye eletirirler.
Some of the contemporary composers are
unimaginative.
The production was professional but
uninspired
Jane is one of the more imaginative members of the class
9- irrelesant (ircTmt) : (konula) ilgisiz,
balantsz
irrelesat = inapplicable
i relevant x related : ilgili
U/m sren satran oyununda bir sonu kna>inen, hakem beraberlik nerir. Ancak oyuncu
lardan biri: "BR LER hamle DE MAT (irrelevat)" dive kar kar. Durumu inceleen ha
kem: "BR' LER hamle DE M.ATT iirrelevant
KONUYLA LGSZ" bularak kar kar
The book was full of irrelevant information
These regulations are inapplicable to visitors trom outside the European Community.
We discussed inflation. unemployment
and related issue
10- vacant (veyknt) : bo, mnhal

(kadro vs.)
vacant = empty
vacant x occupied : dolu
Polis cinayette kullanlan antika bir ba ara
maktadr. Sonunda ban sadece KN bulu
nur. Yazlan raporda: "VE KIN (vacant) BO
olarak bulundu" diye bir cmle gemektedir.
Bob Dylan was appoined to fiil the vacant
seat on the board.
He says his life has been completely
empty since his wife died.
Is that seat occupied? (=ls it free?)
11- deceptive (dseptv) : kandrc
deceptive = deceitful
deceptive x true : doru
Bakanlk mfettileri, bir hayali ihracat olay
n aratrmaktadrlar. Firma yetkilileri krk
ihra ettiklerini iddia ederler. Ancak Urlar
alnca, iinden sadece tyler kar. Ba m
fetti yardmclarna: "DESENE HEP TY
(deceptive) KANDIRICI. ALDATICI beya
natta bulunmular" der.
Ali knew that he tigers fragile appearance
was deceptive.
t was a deceitful attempt to persuade
people that they would make a large profit.
s it true you are going away?
12- \vealthy (\vePthi) : zengin
\vealthy = well-off
rvealtly x poor : fakir
Bir ay firmasnda yeni bir karm zerinde
alan ay uzman, rn beenir. Ne var ki
ay lks snf olduu iin, fiyat pahal olacak
tr. Kendi kendine: "Bu WELL TEA (iyi ay)
ancak (\vealthy) ZENGN'lere satabiliriz" der.
Her parents were very vvealthy.
The government claims that most people
are better-off than they were five years ago.
Most of the vvorlds poorest countries are
in Africa.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlk
Kelime Ezberleen Kurgusal Szlk
13- snooth (smudh) : yumuak, przsz

smooth = even
smooth x uneven : przl
Aylardr kuraklk eken yre halk sonunda
bilge olarak tannan bir dedeye bavurur. Hal
kn derdini dinleyen dede: "Dua etmek SON
UMUT (smooth)" diye YUMUAK Ve P
RZSZ sesle sylenir.
This cream will help to keep your skin
smooth.
After driving on the bumpy surface, it was
nice to get back onto even ground
Take are when you walk on that path the paving stones are rather uneven.
14-superfcial (suprfll) : yzeysel
superficial = surface
superfcial x deep : derin
SPER FISH-AL (Sper Balk AL) Firmas
iin hazrlanan yeni reklam filmini izleyen ge
nel mdr, filmi YZEYSEL bulur. Yapt
konumada: "SPER FSH-AL'a yakmaya
cak derecede YZEYSEL (superficial). Bu
filmi kullanamayz" der.
She has a superficial knowledge of the
language.
Luckily, the accident caused only surface
damage to my car
We are deep in debt.
15- \ersatiie (vr'stil) : ler ie uygun (alet.
ede\at iin) elinden her i gelen
(insan iin)
\ersati!e = adaptable
versatile x usuitable : uygunsuz
Aylardr arabasna mteri bulamayan satc
tavsiye zerine bir komisyoncuya gider. Ara
bay inceleyen komisyoncu: "VER SATA
YIM (versatile) benim ELMDEN HER
GELR" diyerek araba sahibini rahatlatr.
Nylon is a versatile material.
I'm sure she will cope with the changes
very well; she is very adaptable.
The first person we interviewed was clearly
unsuitable for the job.
6
16- vast Hast : geni. byk
vast = immense
\ ast x tin\ : kk
1 ezgahtur zorlu miierisini ikna etmeye al
makladr, Salmak isledii ekelleri reten
(Vasi) adl Fima'nn WEST'te batda (vasi)
GEN ve OK BYK imkanlara sahip lek
firma olduunu syleerek, daha ucuza mal
bulamay acat belirtir
He is responsible lor running a vast organization
They spent an immense amount of time
getting the engine into perfect condition.
I don't know wny you are so cross-we are
only a tiny bit late.
17- relentless rilcnt'lsl : acmasz
relentless = rutlless
relentless \ niltl : kibar, nazik
Dinya'daki ilk seslendirilnesi yaplacak olan
ada bir opera iin, ok iiz sesli bir soprano
aranmaktadr. Adaylar iinde sesinin ok liz
olduunu ileri sren bir bayan dinleyen y
netmen: "Senin NEREN TZ (relentless)" di
yerek ACIMASIZca eletirin
He was relentless in auestioning the suspect
The enemy killed vvomen and children
vvith ruthless cruelty.
He has too rnild a nature to get angry.
even if he has good cause.
1<S- enhance (inhans' : /.enginletirmek
enlante = erich
enhance x depreciate : ucuzlatmak
Yiiklii miktarda bir mal sat iin devam eden
grmelerde ELL FENCE lik bir ksuratta
taklp kalnmtr. Taraftardan biri: "ELL
FENCE ne seni ne de beni (enhance > ZEN
GNLETRR. Gel de anlaalm" der.
Good secretarial skills should enhance
your chances oi getting a job
Music can enrich your vvhole life.
The cars value wili depreciate by about
$2000 in the first year.
Kelime E/berieten Kurgusal Szlk
19- captivate (kap'tv ev t): sarmak, etkisi

altna almak
captivate = fscinate
captivate x repel : defetmek; nefret
uyandrmak
Tv'de bir yarmada doru yant bir trl veri
lememitir. Heyecan dorua ulam, herkes
merakla sonucu beklemektedir. En sonunda
program izleyen iki kz arkadatan biri die
rine: 'Doru yant KEPT (apkayd) HEYT
(captivate) " diye sevinle barr. Bu neeli
olay iki kz arkada (captivate) SARAR ve
ETKS ALTINA ALIR.__________________
The dancer quickly captivated her audience.
The sudents were fascinated vvith his ideas
The defenders repelled the attack vvithout
losing any men
2 0 - testinony (tes'tmoni) : ifade
testimony = stutcment
testinony \ misstatemet : yanl,
kusurlu beyan
Yakalanan Karadenizli zanl, avlar sren sor
gulamas sonucunda., her eyi itiraf eder. FADEsinde: "KESTM ON" (testimony) diye
bir cmle gemektedir
Temel was accused of false testimony
The polie took down the vvitness's statement
That was a deliberate misstatemeni of
what I said.
21- induce lidus') : ikna etmek: sebep
olmak
idce = ca.se
iuluce x prevet : engellemek
Geinenleydi kar kocay bartrmak isteyen
aile dostlarndan biri: "Pek ok arkadanz
var. Aa ilerinde EN DURUST' benim
.Ayrla (induce) NEDEN OLMAK islemi
yorsanz. gelin barn'" diye nerirle bulunur.
Nothing wouid induce me to see her again.
Ice on the toad was the cause of the accident.
What can w e do io prevent this disease
spteading?
8
22-surmount (srnaunt') : stesinden
gelmek
surmount = overcome
surmount x succumb : yenilmek
eitli trde mallardan oluan ykl bir sipari
alan konfeksiyon firmas yetkilileri, mont hari
hereyi hazrlamlardr. malat mdr: "SIRA
MONT ta, (surmount) onunda STESNDEN
GELRZ" diyerek dierlerine moral verir.
I think mos of these obstacles can be surmounted.
Eventually she managed to ovetcome her
shyness.
After an artillery bombardment lasting several days ihe iovvn finaily succumbed.
23- demolition (dmal'nl : imla eylemi

demolition = derastatim
demolition x building : ina etme
Bir ihbar deerlendiren polis, uzayllar ks
kvrak yakalar. Sorgulama srasnda kod ad
THE MOR N olan bir (demolition) MHA
EYLEMni gerekletirmek zere olduklar
ortaya kar.
A large area has been cleared in preparation for the demolition of the block of flats.
If disease is allovved to spread among the
crops, it will cause widespread devastation
Science and the aris are the building
blocks ot (=the basic things that make) a
good education
24- detay (dikey'): rmek

decay = \vither
detay x flourish : serpilmek, gelimek
Tropikal bitkiler uzman verdii konferansta:
ok deiik zellikleri olan ve pek az kiinin
bildii trlerde mevcuttur. rnein, bu iei
DKEY ekerseniz (decay) RR diye
aklamada bulunur.
They claimed that the plastics would not
decay if they were buried.
The hot dry wind wihered the plants.
Nothing seems to flourish in my gardenperhaps the soil is too poor.
Kelime Ezberleten Kursusu! Szlk
Kelime Ezberleten Kursusal Szlk
25- annililation (nav'levn) : yok etme

anjihilation = destruction
annililation x creation : yaratma
Yeni model arabann motorundan ngrtya
benzer sesler gelince, sahibi hemen servise
gtrr. Uzun sren bir aratrma sonucu ar
za giderilir. Araba sahibi "EN NHAYET
INgrt (annililation) YOK EDLD" diye
kendi kendine sevinir.
During the cold war the threat of nuclear
annililation was alvvays on peoples mind.
The army left the enemy town in complete
destruction.
They demanded a job-creation scheme
for areas of high unemployment.
famine
drought
explode
poverty
misstatement
: ktlk
: kuraklk
: patla(t)mak
: yoksulluk
: yanl, kusurlu beyan,
cmle
revise
gzden geirmek
admittedly
: kabul etmek gerekirse
unimaginative : hayal gcnden
yoksun
! irrevelant
: (konuyla) ilgisiz,
balantsz
i vacant
: bo, mnhal (kadro vs.)
j deceptive
: kandrc
vvealthy
: zengin
! smooth
: yumuak, przsz
Y...........................
superficial
versatile
vast
relentless
enhance
captivate
testimony
induce
surmount
demolitior
decay
annihilation
-----------------------------: yzeysel
: her ie uygun (alet,
edevat iin) elinden
her i gelen (insan iin)'
: geni, byk
: acmasz
: zenginletirmek
: sarmak, etkisi altna
almak
: ifade
: ikna etmek; sebep
olmak
; stesinden gelmek
: imha eylemi
: rmek
i yok etme
-....-.......................... J
8
22- surmount (srmaunt'l : stesinden
gelmek
surmount = overcoe
surmount x succumb : yenilmek
eitli trde mallardan oluan ykl bir sipari
alan konfeksiyon firmas yetkilileri, mont hari
hereyi hazrlamlardr. malat mdr: "SIRA
MONT ta. (surmount) onunda STESNDEN
GELRZ" diyerek dierlerine mora! verir,
I think most of these obstacles can be surmounted.
Eventually she managed to overcome her
shyness.
After an artillery bombardment lasiing several days the own finally succumbed.
23- demolition (dmaTin) : imha eylemi
demolition = devustation
demolition x building : ina etme
Bir ihbar deerlendiren polis, uzayllar ks
kvrak yakalar. Sorgulama srasnda kod ad
THE MOR IN olan bir (demolition) MHA
EYLEMni gerekletirmek zere olduklar
ortaya kar.
A large area has been cleared in preparation tor the demolition of the block of flats.
If disease is allowed to spread among the
crops, it will cause widespread devastation.
Science and the arts are the building
blocks of (=the basic things hat make) a
good education.
24- decay (dikey): rmek
decay = \vither
decay x fiourish : serpilmek, gelimek
Tropikal bitkiler uzman verdii konferansla:
"ok deiik zellikleri olan ve pek az kiinin
bildii trlerde mevcuttur, rnein, bu iei
DKEY ekerseniz (decay) RR" diye
aklamada bulunur.
They claimed that the plastics would not
decay if they were buried.
The hot dry wind vvithered the plants.
Nothing seems to fiourish in my gardenperhaps the soil is too poor.
Kelime Ezberleten Kuresa! Szlk
25- annihilatiun (nay'ley.n) : yok etme

artnihilation = destruction
annililation x creation : yaratma
Yeni model arabann motorundan ngrtya
benzer sesler gelince, sahibi hemen servise
gtrr. Uzun sren bir aratrma sonucu ar
za giderilir. Araba sahibi "EN NHAYET
Ngrt (annililation) YOK EDLD" diye
kendi kendine sevinir.
During the cold war the threat of nuclear
annililation was always on peoples mind.
The army lef the enemy iown in complete
destruction.
They demanded a job-creation scheme
for areas of high unemployrnent.
famine
drought
explode
poverty
misstatement
: ktlk
: kuraklk
: patla(t)mak
: yoksulluk
: yanl, kusurlu beyan,
cmle
revise
: gzden geirmek
admittedly
: kabul etmek gerekirse
unimaginative hayal gcnden
yoksun
irrevelant
: (konuyla) ilgisiz,
balantsz
vacant
: bo, mnhal (kadro vs.)
deceptive
: kandrc
vvealthy
: zengin
smooth
: yumuak, przsz
V
superficial
versatile
vast
relentless
enhance
captivate
testimony
induce
surmount
demolition
decay
annihilation
yzeysel
her ie uygun (alet,
i
edevat iin) elinden
her i gelen (insan iin)
geni, byk
acmasz
zenginletirmek
sarmak, etkisi altna
almak
ifade
ikna etmek; sebep
olmak
stesinden gelmek
imha eylemi
i
rmek
yok etme
....... ................................................................ -s /
10
I. -
25. Altrmalar
Find the right word almas (1-25)

1) There vvas a serious...........oi water during the long drought
a) dearth
b)plenty
c) powerless
d) deluge
2) The experts took the bomb away to a sare place a n d ...........it.
a) deceited
b) misquoted
c) misled
d) exploded
3) Bob Dylan vvas assigned to fiil t h e ...........seat on the Board.
a) wealthy
b) plenty
c) irrevelant
d) vacant
4) it vvas a .......... attempt to persuade peopie that they would make a large profit.
a) deceitfui
b) inapplicable
c) mild
d) surface
5) We a r e ...........in debt.
a) even
b) smooth
c) mild
d) deep
6) Nylon is a ...........material.
a) tiny
b) versatiie
c) mild
d) deceitfui
7) The car's vaule w ill.......... by about of S 2000 in the first year.
a) captivate
b) surmount
c) mislead
d) depreciate
8) The first person we intervievved vvas c le a rly ...........for the job.
a) smooth
b) unsuitable
c) deceptive
d) superficial
9) Nothing seerns t o ...........in my garden perhaps the soil is too poor.
a) mispresent
b) mislead
c) decay
d) flourish
10) l hink most ot these obstacles can b e ............
a) surmounted
b) flourished
c) created
d) misled
Synonym almas (1-25)

1) The dearth of medical supplies made the situation even more serious.
a) famine
b) vacant
c) irrevelant
d) vast
) There w a a prolonged drought last autumn
a) deluge
b) dryness
c) irrevelant
d) dearth
He
vvas
driving
so
fast
that
his
car
yre
exploded
3)
a) deceptive
b) versatiie
c) poverty
d) burst
4) They live in abject (=very great) poverty.
a) deluge
b) want
c) revse
d) uninspired
5) There are several misstatements about the cost of the new aircraft.
a) deceptive
b) burst
d) vesalite
d) misquotation
6 ) Seemingly, there is nothing we can do, except pray
a) smoothly
b) apparently
c) deceitfully
d) testimony
7) This cream will help to keep your skin mooth.
a) enhance
b) deluge
c) uninspired
d) even
8 ) She has a uperfical knovvledge of the language.
a) versatiie
b) surface
c) irrevelant
d) even
I
vvill
have
to
revise
my
ideas
about
Ali
9)
a) revievv
b) enrich
c) immense
d) captivaie
Kelime Ezberleten Kurenel Szlk
10)
The dancer quickiy apiivaied her audience.

a) fascinale
b) induce
c) decay
d) surmount
Antonym almas (1-25)

1) Many people die of starvaion during famine every year
a) drought
b) explode
c) vacan
2)
d) pleny
Despite last summer's drynes, ihere is no shorage of water

a) deluge
b) deceitful
c) telentless
d) surface
3) The country's vyealth comes from its oil.

a) even
b) poverty
c) ruhiess
d) imaginative
4) The production was professional but uninspired

a) even
b) vacant
c) ruthless
d) imaginative
5) We discussed inflation, unemployment and rejated issues.

a) irrelevant
b) poor
c) deceptive
d) unimaginative
Is that seai pcupied?

a) even
b) vacant
7) Music can enrich your vvhole life.
a) depreciate
b) succumb
)
c) deceptive
d) ruthless
c) vvither
d) versaile
8 ) He is responsible for running a vas.t organization.

a) even
b) poo
c) surface
d) tiny
9) The enemy killed women and chiidren with ruthless cruelty.
a) vesaile
b) mild
c) deceitful
d) tiny
10) The hot dry wind yyithered the plants.
a) flourish
b) induce
c) decay
d) dry
V ocabulary almas (1-25)

derisively,
issues.
intention,
sirnilar.
revise.
close.
imaginative,
deceitful.
similariiy
preoccupied
1)
2)
3)
4)
There is n o ........... between him and his siser.

My problem i s ...........to yours
He decided t o ...........his novel after reading it through.
I didn'i mean to hurt her at ali. t was obsolutely not m y .......... to make her
feel this way.
5) The senior orficer laughed.......... at my report vvih the intention of humiliaing me.
6) When a lorry suddenly appeared at the junciion, I feit myself terrifyingly...........
to death.
7) Aye was one of the m o s t...........members of the club.

8) The committee will discuss inflation, unemployment and re ia te d .............
9) He was s o ...........that he didn't hear a word I said.
10) T h e ......... businessman was jailed for ten years.
12
2 6-seemingly (si'mingli) : grnte

seemingly = apparently
seeningly x actually : gerekte
Semih adl bir ocuk bisikletini aldrr. Polis,
yardmc olmak iin aileyi alm mallarn bu
lunduu depoya gtrr. Annesi: ''GR
NTE (seemingly) SEMH'N K ama emin
deilim" der.
Seemingly, there is nothing we can do.
I vvasnt there, but apparently it was a good
party.
I didnt actually see her-l just heard her
voice.
27- stem from (stem FrAm) : -den meydana
gelmek
stem from : arise
Gnlerdir karsnn neden souk davrandn
merak eden ei, sonunda: "STEM bozuk FI
RIN (stem form Man MEYDANA GELYOR"
diye mrldanr.
Their aggressiveness stemmed from fear,
Some unexpected difficulties have arisen.
28- confide (knfavd) : inanmak,
gvenmek; sr vermek
confide = trust
confide x distrust : inanmamak
Bir aratrmac KON'ye benzer sakslara ek
tii FDElerin bir sre sonra KON ekline
dntn grr. Kendi kendine: "Artk
KON FDElere de (confide) NANMAK.
GVENMEK imkansz" diyerek sylenir,
May I confide in you?
She confided hat the subject didnt interest her much.
Trust me-have I ever lied to you in the
past?
He distrusts banks, so he keeps his money
at home.
26.
50. Kelimeler
Kelime Ezberleten Kurausal Szlk
2 9-yield to (yild tu) : -e cevap vermek

Bir grup bilim adam YELin (rzgarn) insan
zerindeki etkilerini inceler. Aratrmay y
rten bakan, yaplan testler sonrasnda de
neklere hitaben: "YEL TU tanlar (yield to)
aadaki sorulara CEVAP VERSNLER"
der.
Yel Tutmas: Rzgardan rahatsz olmak anla
mndadr.
Ovving to various advances in modem medicine, certain diseases that were seemingly
incurable now yield to treatment.
30- ort out (srt aut) : zmek
ort out = straighten out
ort out x conplicate : zorlatrmak
retmen, srekli ask suratla test zp baa
rsz olan rencisine u tavsiyede bulunur:
"SURAT asmadan (ort out) ZMEK baa
rnn srrdr. Biraz gler yzl ol."
We have to ort the conflicts out betvveen
us.
I hope the misunderstanding will soon be
straighten out.
The rescue operation has been complicated by bad vveather.
31- shovv to (o tu): gstermek
shovv to = present
slovv to x conceal : gizlemek
Bir filmin Shovv Two adl Kanalda. ayn gn
ikinci kez gsterildiini gren bir ift, arala
rnda: "SHOVV TVVO da (shovv to) ayn eyle
ri GSTERYOR" diye sylenirler.
How dare you shovv my letter to your
friends?
Please present your boarding card at the
gate.
He conceaied his feelings from his wife.
32- do up (du Ap) : (dne vs.)

dmelemek, balamak
do up = tie
do up x untie : zmek
Nikah treni balamak zeredir. Ancak damat
henz hazr deildir. Bunu gren kaynana:
"Damat DURUP bakma, bari (do up) ceketini
DMELE!" diye sylenir.
Can you help me to do up my dress?
This sleeping bag ies at the neck.
Could someone help Ali untie his shoelaces,
please?
33- take oT (teyk of) : havalanmak

take ofT x land = toucl dovvn : inmek
Karadeniz Blgesi"ni gezen turistler, dnle
rini hava yoluyla yapmak isterler. Ancak reh
ber: yi gzelde T AA K OFa kadar hava ala
n yok ki. Uak (take olT) HAVALANABL
SN"" diye turistlere aklamada bulunur
After refuelling we took off.
His plane lands at six-thirty
The plane vvill touch dovvn at the new airpor
34- cali mit (kl aut) : viiksek sesle

armak (bir ey sylemek)
cali mit = sig mit
Kuru teni/ieme ustas, yardmcsna, .-eslenir.
Ancak yardmc duymaz. Bu kez usta: 'Gm
lekleri KOL.Alayp oraya AT" diye (cali om
YKSEK SESLE SYLER.
From the botiom ot the stairs Aye caiied
out "Have you seen my biue bag?
A voice at the back sang out inat tinere
vvere not enough members preseni for a
vote.
Kolime Ezberleten Kurumsal Szlk
35- nake up (meyk Ap) : uydurmak

(hikaye \s.)
nake up = invet
Amerika'da in Mahallesi'nde polis bir kiiy i
takip etmektedir. Ancak kendisini aniden k
maz bir sokakta bulur. aresizdik iinde bak
nrken, kap nnde oturan yal bir inli ye,
baka bir k olup olmadn sorar. inli:
"MAY be. 'The exit is LP stairs." diyerek bir
HKAYE UYDURUR.
t is ali a made-up story and you know it
But I didn't invent the story-everything I
told you is true
.36- hold on (lold an) : (hatta) kalmak,
ay rlmanak
hold on = perpetate
hokl on x discontinue : kesmek, devam
_____________ etmemek__________________
Temizlik yapan bir anne, olu HALDUN'u
oyun bahesinden kp ayak altnda dolama
sndan bkar, usanr. En sonunda: "HALDUN
(hold on) bir yere AYRILMA" diyerek ocu
a sylenir
Wi!l you hold on vvhile I see who is at the
door?
inereasing the supply of weapuns available
within the city vvill only perpetuate the violence and anarehy.
The bank is discontinuing its Saturday
service.
37- cleck in (ek in) : (otel \s.ye) giri
yapmak
cleck in = look in
cleck in \ cleck out : (hesabn grp)
otelden ayrlmak
Bodrum tatile gelenlerin aknnu uram ve
oteller GR YAPMAK iin bekleen turist
lerle dolmutur. le bunlardan birimle, resep
siyonun n ba\ allarla doludur. Bunu gren
bir turist: "Kardeim bavullarnz EKN de
(cleck im OTELE CiR. YAPALIM" der.
When I got to zmir, I checked ino the
best hotel in tovvn.
As soon as Betl arrived in stanbul she
booked in at her hotel
Has Mr. Bademciolu checked out yet?'
15
16
38- public (pAb'lik) : kann
public = society
Yeni alacak "PB-LK" adl Pub iin tan
tn kampanyas yaplmaktadr. Hazrlklar
yrten reklam irketinin sahibi alanlarna
hitaben: "yle bir film hazrlayn ki PUP LK
iin. Etkili olsun. KAMUnun (public) ilgisi
PAMUK PLne benzer." diye uyarda bu
lunur.
The rise in drug-taking is a matter of pub
lic concern
We must also consider the needs of younger
members of society.
39-service (sr'vs) : askerlik hizmeti
ngiliz asilzade SIR VICE pasaport almak
iin Scotland Yard'a gider. lgili memur:
"SIR VICE siz ASKERLK HZMET (ser
vice) yapmsnz. Size pasaport verebiliriz"
der.
Ziya joined the Navy and spent 30 years
in the service.
40- bv far (bay far) : ziyadesiyle
by far = escessivel'y
bv far x moderately : az ok
Kod ad BAY FAR olan bir ajandan, ift taraf
l alt ynnde kuklanlmaktadr. An
cak efi: BAY FAR m? (by far) ona ZYA
DESYLE gvenebiliriz Ben kefilim" diye
rek onu korur.
She was by far the camps best swimmer.
The salesman was excessive!y persistent.
The company remains moderately profitable, but it is not making as much rroney
as it should.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgu.sal Szlk
41- allege (lec'l : iddia etmek

allege : daim
allege x deny : inkar etmek
Bir genel cerrah, ok baarl bir ameliyat ya
par. Ancak nasl olduysa, verilen ilalardan
hasta komaya girer. Alan mahkemede cer
rah: "Ben yanl LA vermedim" diye (alle
ge) DDA EDER.
He is alleged to have passed on secret
'Information o a nevvspaper.
The company claims (that) it is not responsible tor the pollution in ihe river.
She denied any knovvledge of vvhere he
had gne.
42- premises (prernisiz) : tesis, mlk
premises = building
ki arkada aileleri ile birlikte altklar irke
tin TESSlerine yemee gitmeye karar verirler.
Ailelerden biri daha sonra gelecektir. nce gi
den ailenin reisi: "'Gelmeleri iki saat srer" der
Fakat bir de ne grsnler! kinci aile ok ksa
srede TESSlere ulamtr. lk gelen ailenin
reisi, yeni gelenlere: "Kardeim PRE MSiiz
(premises) TESSLERe uarak m geldiniz?"
diye hayretle sorar.
n 1999 the firm moved to the new premises
in zmir.
The World Trade enter is one of the
vvorid's tallest buildings.
43- scarcelv (skersli) : ancak, kt ktna
scarcelv = barely
scarcelv x profuseiy : bol bol
Bir ev hanm, yemek daveti iin hazrlk yap
maktadr. Bu srada kocas mutfaa girer. Yard
ma ihtiyac olup olmadn sorar. Kars: " li
mon daha SIKARSAN iyi olur, (scarcelv) AN
CAK. KITI KITINA yetecek" diye yant" verir.
I was scarcely able to move my arm after
the accident.
He had barely (=only very recently) left
the office when a huge explosion ripped
through the building.
She apologized us profuseiy.
17
18
44- tiptoe (tip'to) : ayaklarnn ucunda

y rmek
Medrano Sirki'ni izleyen seyircilere, en ok
hangi gsteriyi beendikleri sorulur. Seyirci
ler: "Top zerinde AYAKLARININ UCUN
DA YRYEN cambaz" derler. Nedeni soru
lunca da: "TP bir TOP olmasa (tiptoe) cam
bazn AYAKLARININ UCUNDA YR
MES imkansz" diye cevap verirler.
Kerem knocked softly on the door and tiptoed into the room.
45- to be bounci to start (tu bi baund tu
start) : balayaca kesin olmak
to be bound to start = to be sure to start
Yapmc, finanse ettii mzikalin bir trl
gsterilere balayamamasna sinirlenir Y
netmeni ararak sebebini sorar. Ynetmen:
Bu ileri kolay m sanyorsun? TUT BAR
BR STAR da (to be bound to start) BALA
YACAI KESN OLSUN" diye kr.
Cem is bound to fail he exam if he doesn't
do any revision.
I want to go somewhere vvhere we are sure
to have good vveather.
46- debater (dibedir) : tartmac
debater = disputant
l'luslararas bir kongreye pek ok TARTI
MACI katlr. Ancak ilerinden bazlarnn ga
rip tutum \e da\ran.lar tepkilere neden olur.
Tartma) rten bakan, gsterilen tepkile
re hak sererek: "Bunlar ne DE BETER debater TARTIMACI" diye fikrini belirtir.
She vvas a good speaker and an exce!lent
debater.
He has a brilliant disputant, but has no
strong principles.
Kelime Ezberleten Kureusal Szlk
Kelime Ezberlenen Kuransal Szlk
47- participant (partsTpnt) : katlmc

participant = rneber
'ibiksek Seim Kurulukla, genel kurullarn
bitiren partiler sonularm gnderirler. Belge
ler incelenirken, sra BANT adl yeni kurulan
er reci bir partiye gelir. YSK Bakan: "PAR
TS PANT (participant) KATILIMCI says
binbeyliz" diye aklamada bulunur
Ali participants finishing the race vvill receive
a medal.
She became a member of the committee.
4S- implement (im'plnent) : uygulamaya
geirmek
implement = execute
implement x repeal : feshetmek, iptal
etmek
Tekstil mhendisi Men ve arkadalar yeni bir
desen zerinde almaktadrlar. Ancak mekik
lerde bir problem vardr Sonunda mhendisler
den biri mekikleri gstererek: "PLE MERT
(implement) makina o zaman modeli UYGU
LAMAYA GERR" diyerek, soruna are bu
lur. ( "ple"' ip geir anlamnda kullanlmtr.)
The committees suggestions will be implemented immediately.
The seheme was good, but it w as badly
executed.
The Government repealed the cusoms
duty on books
49- bear (her) : dayanmak, katlanmak
bear = endure
bear. x resist : direnmek
Manav, klk kasm semektedir. Mteri
manas n raslgele setiini griir. Hemen m
dahale edip: "Sakn Bereli olanlar verme
BEReliler (bear) fazla DAYANMIYOR " di
yerek satcy uyarr
I ca nt bear (=greatly dislike) being kept
vvaiting.
Kerem had to endure a nine-hour delay at
the airport.
The opposition party leader resisted
demands for his resignation.
19
2 0
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u rg u s a l
S z l k
50- contlict (kan'flikt) : atma,

uzlamazlk, ihtilaf
conflict = ciash
conflict x agreement : anlama
Con ve Flict adl iki arkada srekli olarak
kavga etmektedir- Her kavgada barmalar
duyan dier arkadalar: "Bunlar ii iyice azt
tlar. CON ve FLICTn aralarnda (conflict)
UZLAMAZLIK. HTLAF var. Yoksa bu
kadar sk kavga etmezler" diye konuurlar.
This dispute could turn into a long and
bloody confilct.
The border ciash between the two armies
ended yesterday.
If the three parties can not reach agreement
now, here will be a civil war.
seem ingly
stem from
confide
yield to
ort out
show to
do up
take off
cali out
make up
hold on
check in
1 public
grnte
-den meydana gelmek
inanmak, gvenmek
-e cevap vermek
zmek
gstermek
(dme vs.)
dmelemek, balamak
havalanmak
yksek sesle armak
(bir ey sylemek)
uydurmak (hikaye vs.)
(hatta) kalmak,
ayrlmamak
(otel vs ye) giri
yapmak
kamu
service
by far
allege
prem ises
scarcely
tiptoe
to be bound
to start
debater
participant
im plem ent
bear
co n flic t
askerlik hizmeti
ziyadesiyle
iddia etmek
tesis, mlk
ancak, kt ktna
ayaklarnn ucunda
yrmek
balayaca kein
olmak
tartmac
katlmc
uygulamaya geirmek
dayanmak, katlanmak
atma, uzlamazlk,
ihtilaf
26. - 50. Altrmalar

1) I wasn't there, but ...........it was a good party.

c) viciously
d) uproariously
a) apparently
b) intentionally
2! Some unexpected difficulties h a v e ...
d) arisen
c) called up
a) distrusted
b) tied
3) The two sides hope that the misunderstanding will soon b e .............
d) straighten out
b) called off
c) tied
a) done up
4) Has Mr. L ig h t...... ................ yet?
b) taken in
c) taken after
d)done up
a) checked out
5) The com pany...... ... that it is not responsible for the pollution in the river.
d) takes after
b) claims
c) dreams up
a) invents
6) He joined the Navy and spent 30 years in th e .............
d) debater
c) service
a) premises
b) by far
7) The plan was good, but it was badly .
c) alleged
d) participated
a) executed
b) resisted
8) I w a s ...........able to move my left hand af ter the accident.
c) scarcely
d) uproariously
b) viciously
a) apparently
9) The opposition party le a d e r...........demands for his resignation
d) took after
b) resisted
a) checked in
c) debated
10) Ali has a b rig h t.... ...... , but has no strong principles.
d) disputant
a) resignation
b) clash
c) sen/ice
..now,
there
will
be
a
civil
war.
11) If the four parties can not re a c h ........
d) disputant
a) agreement
b) clash
c) conflict

1) The army left the enemy tovvn in complete destruction
a) annihilation
b) confide
c) premises
2) Their aggressiveness sternmed from fear.
a) show to
b) cali up
c) arise
3) We have to ort the conflicts oy t between us.
a) do up
b) allege
c) check in
4) it is ali a made up story and you knovv it.
a) invent
b) show to
c) check in
5) How dare you show my letter to your friends?
a) by far
b) presen!
c) implement
d) participant
d) ort out
d) straighten out
d) participant
d) exert
6) She was b y ja r the camp's best svvimmer.

d) excessively
a) bear
b) conflict
c) debater
7) I cant bear (=greatly dislike) being kept vvaifing.
d) annihilation
a) implement
b) endure
c) cali up
8) The committee's suggestions will be implemented immediately.
a) do up
b) confide
c) execute
d) conflict
K elim e E z b erleten K u ra n sa l S zlk
9)
10)
This dispute could turn into a long and bloody conflict.

a) check in
b) clash
c) debater
d) arise
She was a good speaker and an excellent debater,

a) service
b) endure
c) disputant
d) tiptoe

1) The rescue operation has been complicated by bad vveather.
a) ort out
b) tie
c) show to
d) land
2) May I confide in you?
a) do up
b) distrust
c) arise
d)
3) After refuelling we took off,
a) land
b) invent
c) tie
d)
4) She dejied any knovvledge of where he had gne.
a) service
b) daim
c) execute
d)
5) The border clash between the two armies ended yesterday,
a) resist
b) agreement
c) implement
d)
6) She apologized us profusely.
a) moderately
b) unevenly
c) merely
d)
7) The saiesman was excessively persistent.
a) by far
b) unevenly
c) moderately
d)
8) He concealed his feelings from his wife.
a) land
b) show to
c) execute
9) Nothing vvould induce me to see her again.
a) testimony
b) tie
c) prevent
10) Can you help me to do_up my dress?
a) resist
b) land
c) clash
cali up
deny
clash
tiptoe
hardly
hardly
d) daim
d) deny
d) untie
Vocabulary (26-50)
tiny,
mild,
concealed,
ignores,
touch down,
implemented,
ruthless,
booked in,
immense,
to be bound to
1) The military polie w e re ...........in questioning the suspects.

2) The mechanic spent a/an ...........amount of time getting the car into perfect
condition.
3) My mother has to o ...........a nature to get angry even if she has good cause.
4) Gray doesnt know why his wife is so c ro s s ______ he is only a ........... bit
late.
5) The plane w ill........................ at the new airport,
6) S h e ...........her feelings from her husband.
7) VVhenever she smiles at him, he a lw a ys...........her.
K e l im e
8)
9)
10)
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
As soon as she arrived in Fethiye s h e ......... at her hotel

If she doesn't study hard s h e ..........fail the exam
The new taxation system will b e ......... soon.
Word formation almas (1-50)

1) He is a b rillia n t........... , but has no strong principles. (debate)
2)
3)
4)
5)
These proposal will need a lot of............. (revise)

Some Chemicals re a c t...........with water. (explode)
The judge ruied that new evidence w a s ............. (admit)
t was a .......... attempt to persuade people that they would make a large profit.
(deceive)
6) She h a s ........... murdered her husband, but she looks like a harmless old lady.
(allege)
7) I am afraid I dont understand th e ...........of your question. (reievant)
8) My doctor told me that blood cancer w a s ............. (cure)

9) He is self-employed because he finds vvorking for other people too .............
(restrict)
10) The sun was a lm o st...........hot today and I spent most of the day in the vvater.
(bear)
11) Mr Jones' good intensions ar e ..............(deny)
12) A problem that i s ........is so great that it can not be dealt with successfully.
(surmount)
13) She spoke in a low voice, leaning toward% him........... (confide)
14) He was carrying a ........... vveapon, (conceal)
15) She gave me one of th o s e ...........smiles and I just had to agree. (resist)
16) n the USA there is a large gap between the legislative a n d ...........branches
of government. (execute)
17) He described the meeting as having been a v e ry ...........experience. (agree)
24
51- necessities (nses'tiiz) : ihtiya

maddeleri
necessities = requirements
Byk siteler inaa eden bir irketin satn al
ma mdr, sitelerin aylk HTYA MAD
DELER listesini hazrlamaktadr. Sra NEE
STESne gelince: -.NEE STEsinin de (ne
cessities) HTYA MADDELERni hazrla
yn diye talimat verir.
Food and ciothing are the indispensable
necessities of life.
The refugees' main requirements are food
and shelter.
5 2 -convey (kmvev) : iletmek
convey = carry
Bakan en gvendii ajann arr: "Bu gizli
belgeleri al. Kongo'daki hava alanna gizlice
KON VE oradaki ajanmza (convey) LET
diye emir verir.
Our governments anger was conveyed to
their ambassador.
Underground cables carry electricity to ali
parts of the city.
53- fascinate (fasYneyt) : bylemek
fascinate = charn
fascinate x bore : can skmak
Evlilik yl dnmlerini kutlamak zere, bir
ift akam yemeine gider. Dinledikleri FA
SIL HEYETni ok beenirler. Kendi arala
rnda: "FASIL HEYET insan (fascinate)
BYLYOR"' diye konuurlar
She fascinated us with her stories of old
kings and dragons.
I was charmed by her quiet manner and
soft voice.
He bored us ali by talking for hours about
his new car.
51.
- 75.
Kelimeler
O n
K e l im e
E z b e r le le n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
54- beneft (benfit) : y arar, fayda

beneft = gain
benefit x loss : kayp, z arar
leceini anlayan yal adam vasiyetini yaz
drr ocuklar tek tek vasiyeti okur. Her biri
iinden: BEN FTM bu paylam hepimize
(beneft) YARAR, FAYDA salar diye d
nr,
For the benefit of those people who arrived
late, I will just go ver the plan again.
He put a lot of money into the firm with the
hope of gain in the future.
We ali expressed our condolences on his
great loss.
55- no longer (no lngr) : artk, hi
no longer = (not) any longer
Arkadann kaba, sinirli ve bencil davranla
rndan bkan bir kadn, sonunda dayanamaz:
NE OLUR! (no longer) ARTIK buraya H
gelme. Beni rahatsz ediyorsun diye barr.
He no longer comes here.
Cem doesn't live here any longer.
56- cheer up (r Ap) : neelenmek
cleer up = exhiiarate
cheer up x depress : moralini bozmak
Kadn elindeki ii bir trl bitirememitir.
Halbuki ilemeyi, kuma EVR P yapsa
halledilecektir. Karsnn zntden alad
n gren kocas: Hayatm EVR P yle i
le (cheer up) NEELEN biraz diyerek eini
NEELENDRMEYE alr.
After receiving the confidence vote, the
members of the leading party cheered up.
The refugees were exhilarated by the good
news.
The thought of having to take the exam
again depressed me.
26
57- raise (reyz) : ykseltmek
raise = uplift
raise x lovver : alaltmak
REZ. bakliyat ve pirin ticareti ile uraan
saygn bir markadr. Ancak irketin yapt bir
dizi pazarlama hatalar sonucu, satlar olduk
a dmtr. Firma sahibi, yaplan toplant
da: "REZin satlarn (raise) YKSELT
MEK iin ne gerekiyorsa yapn'' diye talimat
verir.
Meanvvhile each member of the opposition party raised their voices in anger.
Large areas of paving were uplifted by the
earthquake.
She lovvered her voice and leaned forward
58- cope \vith (kop widh): stesinden gelmek
cope \vith = overcome
cope itli x fail : baaramamak
Hrszlardan bkan site yneticileri sonunda
sokak kpeklerini bu i iin kullanmaya karar
verir. Site bakan: Bunlar KOPUK Tler
(cope with) bu iin STESNDEN GELR
LER" diyerek soruna zm getirir
Could you give me something to help me
cope with the pain, doctor?
Eventually she managed to overcome her
shyness in class.
I tried to persuade him to come, but I failed.
59- in slarne (in eym) : utantan
shame = nortification
slarne x pride : vnme
ocuunun iledii sua ok sinirlenen anne
si. dili srnce: Hi olmazsa NAN (in
shame) UTANTAN kzarr, ayp" diyerek
kzgnln dile getirir.
He hung his head in shame as the details
of his arrest were read out in court.
Ali was hiding his head in his hands with
mortification.
He felt great pride when his youngest
daughter won the first prize.
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u rg u s a l
S z l k
60- abolish (bal) : lav etmek, ortadan

kaldrmak
abolish = annihilate
abolish x retain : elinde bulundurmak,
alkoymak
Bir irketin pazarlama mdr: "Satlar ne
den bu kadar dt" diye sorar. Ald yant
tatmin edici deildir. Kzgn bir ekilde: "yi
BAR de (abolish) LAV EDELM olsun
bitsin" diye barr.
After the coup in 1890, the military committee abolished the constitution.
Many of the documents have been annihilated for purposes of confidentiality.
The village stili retains its old-world character.
61-spy (spay) : casus
spy = informer
KOD ad S1P AY olan casus ok zor grevle
ri baarmtr. Ksm efi: "SIP AY (spy) CA
SUS olarak ta. insan olarak ta mkemmeldir"
diyerek elemanyla vnr.
The security polie have uncovered a foreign spy.
Most polie inforrners receive a revvard for
their information.
62- candidate (kanddeyt) : aday
candidate = nominee
On seimlerde ADAY olduunu aklayan bir
parti yesi, daha sonra kimseye haber verme
den ADAYlktan ekilir. Durumu fark eden
kurultay bakan: "Kardeim bu nasl i?
ADAY olacam (candidate) KEND DEDYD diyerek aknln dile getirir.
There are three candidates standing in
the election.
Ali norninees (=people who have been
suggested as suitable) will be considered.
2 7
2 8
63- candidacy (kn'ddsi) : adaylk

candidacy = nomination
Daha sonra kurultay bakan herhangi bir zor
lama olup olmadn aratrr. Hazrlanan ra
porda: -'KENDS (candidacy) ADAYLIKtan
ekilmitir. yazldr.
She is expeced to announce officially her
candidacy for president early nexl week.
Nomination to a post in the intelligence
Services is usually kept secret.
64- deny (dnay) : inkar etmek
deny = contradict
deny x verify : onaylamak
Tm deliller aleyhine olmasna karn. Ahmet
DLAY adl zanl, suunu NKAR ETMEKtedir. Dedektif: "DLAY (deny) NKAR ET
MEK sana bir ey kazandrmaz. Artk suunu
kabul et" diye tavsiyede bulunur.
He will not confirm or deny the allegations.
She contradicts everything I say.
Are you able to verify your allegation?
65- debtor (det'r) : borlu
debtor = borrorver
debtor x creditor : alacakl
ki iadam hesap bakiyelerini incelemektedir
Uzun sren hesaplamalar sonucunda bir konu
hari, anlamaya \anlar. O konu da. hesaba
gememi BR TR maldr Alacakl olan,
borlu olan iadamna: "Bir DE TR (debtor)
BORLUsun der.
Many debtor couniries may have to
reschedule their loans because of their
financial difficulties.
Neither a borrower nor a lender be.
The company couldn't pay its creditors.
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u rg u s a l
S z l k
66- consequence (kan'sk\vens) : sonu

conseqaence = result
cosequence x casuse : neden
Youn bakmdaki hastasn muayene eden ge
nel cerrah, hemireye: "KAN SK VERSEniz
(consequence) SONU daha iyi olur' der.
You made the wrong decision, and now
you mus take the consequences.
We began this project without knowing
what the end result would be.
She has been the cause of ali my trouble.
67- ofTicial (fl) : memur
official = functionary
Genel mdr masadaki muhasebe fiinin yeri
ne konulmadn fark eder. Yanndaki ME
MUR::: "O F AL (official) MEMUR Bey
ve ltfen yerine koy" diye ricada bulunur.
Some of the officials were held in custody
which later on stained their reputations.
The visitors were met by a functionary
who escorted them to the directors Office
68- behavior (bihevv'yr) : davran
behavior = manner
Saysal loto'dan byk servet kazanan bir
gencin. TAVIR ve DAVRANIlar tamamen
deimitir. Akrabalar bu duruma olduka
ierlemektedirler. lerinden biri: "B HAVA
LARA girdi, (behaviour) DAVRANIlar ok
deiti" diye dnr.
He was well known for his violent and
threatening behaviour.
He has no manners.
29
30
69- confirm (k n frn f) : onaylamak

confirm = ratify
confirm x deny : inkar etmek
Yeni doan ocuun hastalna tehis koy
maya alan doktor KAN1 FORMuna da ba
kp ona gre tedaviyi (confirm) ONA Y U Y A
CAIM" der..___________________________
The new evidence confirms my opinion
that they are lying,
If the board doesnt ratify our project, vve
vvill lose a lot of money.
Jack denies that he broke the window, but
l'm sure he did.
The prime minister has categorically/strenuously/vehemently denied reports that she
is about to resign.
70-tteft (theft) : hrszlk
theft = robbery
Geleneksel mzik aletlerinin sergilendii m
ze, hrszlar tarafndan soyulur. Durumu ye
rinde inceleyen yetkililer. Seluklulardan
kalma bir TEFin alndn grnce: "al
nan sadece bir TEF. (theft) HIRSIZlkta artk
ok deimi diye arrlar.
The court found him guilty of theft and first
degree murder.
Robbery is a common erime in poorer
seetions of the city.
7 1-sardonically (sardanikli) : alayvari bir
ekilde
sardonically = derisively
Sardalya avndan dnen teknenin reisi, balk
lar bozulmasn diye zerlerinin buzla sarlma
sn istemitir in yaplp yaplmadndan
emin olmak iin tekrar sorduunda, adamla
rndan biri: "SARDIK ON (sardonically) di
yerek ALAYVAR BR EKLDE gler.
She said nothing, although she smiled sar
donically as she opened the door for me.
The press were derisively rejeeting the
peace terms.
K e lim e E z b erleten K u ra n sa l S zlk
K elim e E z b e rle te n K u rg u sa l S zlk
72-fragment (frag'mnt) : para

fragment = conponent
fragment x \vhole : btn
Pek yaknda gsterime girecek olan bir filmden
PARA izleyen biri filmi ok beenir. Hemen
arkadana: ''Filmin FREGMANINI (frag
ment) sende beendiysen. gsterime girdiinde
beraber izleyelim" diye teklifte bulunur.
Two children cut their feet on a fragment
of a broken bottle lying in the grass.
The course has four main components:
business law, finance, computing and
management skills.
The whole town was destroyed by the
earthguake.
73- bond (band) : iliki
bond = connection
bond x disconnection : ayrlma:
balantnn kesilmesi
007 James BONDTn hakknda ift tarafl ca
susluk yapmaktan dava almtr. Mahkeme
de dinlenen tanklardan biri: "Bu iin James
i SND la. (bond) LKsi okluunu sanmyo
rum diyerek ifade verir.
There has been a close bond between
them ever since she saved him from
drowning.
t is ihought that his connections with the
MAFYA helped his singing career,
Both gas and electricity suppliers maintain
that the ra\e of disconnection has gne
down in recent years.
74- issue (i') : konu
issue : topic
Bakanlk mstear yeni alacak olan bir iha
le hakknda basna bilgi verirken: "Sayn ba
sn mensuplan, zetle U (issue)." diyerek
KONU hakknda bilgi verir
She has changed her mind on many issues:
includding nursery education.
Our discussion ranged ver various topics.
such as acid rain and the hole in the ozon
layer.
31
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
75- deliberately (dilibrtli) : kasten

deliberately = consciously
deliberately x unconsciouslv : bilmeden
Hastanede uzun sredir tedavi gren bir akl
hastas, taburcu olaca gn btn camlar k
rar. Doktorlar: "Bizim DEL lereyi BER
BAT ETT (deliberately) KASTEN camlan
krm diye zlrler.
I'm sure she says these things deliberate
ly to annoy me.
She couldnt believe that Mr. Foster would
ever consciously lorment her.
Unconsciously she probably resents her
sisters success.
f necessities
convey
fascinate
berefit
no longer
cheer up
raise
cope with
in sham e
abolish
spy
candidate
: ihtiya maddaleri
: iletmek
: bylemek
: yarar, fayda
: artk, hi
: neelenmek
: ykseltmek
: stesinden gelmek
: utantan
: lav etmek, ortadan
kaldrmak
: casus
: aday
candidacy
deny
debtor
corsequence
official
manner
confirm
theft
sardonically
fragm ent
bond
issue
deliberately
: adaylk
: inkar etmek
: borlu
: sonu
i memur
davran
: onaylamak
: hrszlk
: alayvari bir ekilde
: para
iliki
: konu
: kasten
51. - 75. Altrmalar
~ ->
JJ

1) My grandpa ...........me with his fables.
a) fascinaled
b) raised
c) overcame
d) conveyed
2) The thought of having to ake the exam a g a in ...........me.
a) denied
b) lowered
c) depressed
d) ratified
3) I ali expressed my condolences on their g re a t.............
a) mortification
b) nominee
c) fascination
d) loss
4) Are they able t o ........... their allegation?
a) verify
b) abolish
c) annihilate
d) uplift
5) The Military Polie h a v e ...........a foreign spy.
a) verified
b) uncovered
c) abolished
d) uplifted
6) He announced h is ........... for the next presidential election.
a) ratification
b) candidacy
c) annihilation
d) loss
7) They are intervievving...........for the job of sales manager.
a) candidates
b) debtors
c) creditors
d) informers
8) T h e ........... town was destroyed by the flood.
a) result
b) bond
c) connection
d) whole
9) The p re s s ........... rejected the new peace terms.
a) diligently
b) assiduously_
c) merely
d) derisively
10) M a n y ......... countries may have to reschedule their loans because of their
financial difficulties.
a) debtor
b) participant
c) debater
d) partaker

1) The painter fainated me with his nevv paintings..
a) charm
b) convey
c) cheer up
d) raise
2) He talks about the long term benefits of investments in education.
a) nominee
b) gain
c) contradict
d) abolish
3) After receiving the confidence vote. the members of the leading party cheered
up.
a) bond
b) ratified
c) uplifted
d) exhilarated
4) Meanwhile, each member of the opposition party raised their voices in anger
a) nomination
b) topic
c) contradict
d) uplift
5) t is thought that his pnnection with the Mafya helped his singing career.
a) bond
b) ratify
c) rnesmerize
d) abolish
6) After much argument, the Government passed a law to abolish slavery.
a) exhilarate
b) convey
c) overcome
d) annihilate
7) Eventually, she managed to overcome. her shyness in class.
a) topic
b) surmount
c) uplift
d) creditor
8) Robbery is a common erime in poorer seetions of the city.
a) offical
b) topic
c) theft
d) rnesmerize
34
K elim e E zberleten K u rau sal S zlk
9)
He has no manners.
a) behaviour
b) bond
c) gain
d) raise
10) The new evidence onfirm my opinion that they are lying.
a) abolish
b) result
c) ratify
d) fragrnent

1) The beauty of the scenery mesmerized the traveliers.
a) raised
b) overcame
c) bored
d) annihilated
2 ) We ali expressed our condolences on his great loss.

a) borrovver
b) nominee
c) informer
d) gain
3) Many of the documents have been annihilated for purposes of confidentiality.

a) coped with
b) retained
c) contradicted
4) He raised the fallen child o its feet.

a) lovvered
b) abolished
c) conveyed
5) The refugees were exhilarated by the good news.
a) cheered up
b) retained
c) depressed
6) I tried to persuade her to come, but I failed.
a) overcame
b) contradicted
c) bored
Are
you
able
to
verify
your
allegation?
7)
a) convey
b) deny
c) abolish
d) preserved
d) surrnounted
d) failed
d) retained
d) charm
8 ) If the board doesn't ratify our project, we will lose a lot of money.
a) contradict
b) gain
c) charm
d) exhilarate
9) She couldnt believe that Mr. Ford would ever consciously torment her.
a) decidedly
b) intentionally
c) premeditatedly d) unconsciously
10) There has been a close bond between them ever since she saved him from
drovvning.
a) connection
b) whoie
c) conseguence
d) disconnection
Vocabulary almas (51-75)

repealed,
verify,
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
invalidated,
caused,
result,
conveyed,
nomination,
induced,
mortified,
abolish
A b u s .......... the passengers from the airport into town.

Her forgetfullness...........a lot of trouble for us ali.
T h e y ...........her to take fe job by promising editorial freedom.
Is he able t o ...........his allegation?
........... to a post in the Intelligence Services is usually kept secret.
He fe it........... when he realized that he had made a terrible mistake.
After much argument, the Government passed a law t o ........... slavery.
The New Governm ent...........the customs duty on books.
The first flight to the m o o n ...........the story that there were intelligent creatures
on it.
10) Aye began her project vvithout knovving what the end
vvould be.
70.
100. Kelimeler
76- lasting (lasting) : dayankl

lasting = enduring
lasting x transient : abuk geen, geici
Arabasnn lastiklerini deitirmek isteyen bir
mteri kararszlk iindedir. Durumu fark
eden satc: Merak etmeyin. Bu LASTKler
(lasting) DAYANIKLIdr" diye ikna etmeye
alr
This may provide a lasting solution to our
problems.
This type of music has an enduring appeal.
The city has a large transient popuiation.
77- status quo (steyts ko) : mevcut durum
status quo = present situation
nl ngiliz rock grubu STATUS QUOnun:
He is in the army now (O imdi asker) adl
arks sat rekorlar krar. Yapmc: STA
TUS QUO grubu ok baarl. Bari MEVCUT
DURUMu (status quo) koruyabilseier" diye
fikrini syler
These people hate change-they always
want to maintain the status quo
The present economic and political situation
show little sign of improving.
78- drench (drene) : slatmak
drench = soak
drench x dry : kurutmak
Elektronik aletin DREN tellerinin sland
n gren baba, oluna ok kzar: Olum. D
REN tellerini (drench) ISLATMAK ok teh
likelidir' diye barr.
I went out vvithout my urnbrella and got
drenehed to the skin.
First, soak the beans in vvater for two hours.
The clothes will soon dry (out) in the sun.
Our sources of information have dried up
35
Kelime
34
E z b erleten K u rg u sa l S zlk
9)
He has no manners.
a) behaviour
b) bond
c) gain
d) raise
10) The new evidence onfirm my opinion that they are lying.
a) abolish
b) result
c) ratify
d) fragment

1) The beauly of the scenery mesmerized the travellers.
a) raised
b) overcame
c) bored
d) annihilated
2) We ali expressed our condolences on his great loss.
a) borrovver
b) nominee
c) informer
d) gain
3) Many of the documents have been annihilated for purposes of confidentiality.
a) coped with
b) retained
c) contradicted
d) preserved
4) He raised the fallen child to its feet.

a) lowered
b) abolished
c) conveyed
d) surmounted
5) The refugees were exhilarated by the good news.

a) cheered up
b) retained
c) depressed
d) failed
6 ) I tried to persuade her to come, but I failed.
a) overcame
7)
8)
b) contradicted
c) bored
d) retained
Are you ableto verjfy your allegation?

a) convey
b) deny
c) abolish
d) charm
If the board doesn't ratify our project, we wi(l ipse a lot of money.
a) contradict
b) gain
c) charm
d) exhilarate
9) She couldnt believe that Mr. Ford would ever consciously torment her.
a) decidediy
b) intentionally
c) premeditatedly d) unconsciously
10) There has been a close bond betvveen them ever since she saved him from
drovvning.
a) connection
b) vvhole
c) conseguence
d) disconrection

repealed,
verify,
invalidated,
caused,
result,
conveyed,
nomination,
induced,
mortified,
abolish
1) A b u s ...........the passengers from the airport into town.

2) Her forgetfullness...........a lot of trouble for us ali.
3) T h e y ...........her to take the job by promising editorial freedom.
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Is he able t o ...........his allegation?

...........to a post in the Intelligence Services is usually kept secret.
He fe lt........... vvhen he realized that he had made a terrible mistake.
After much argument, the Government passed a law t o ........... slavery.
The New G overnm ent...........the customs duty on books.
The first flight to the m o o n ...........the story that there were intelligent creatures
on it.
10) Aye began her project vvitfout knovving vvhat the e n d .........would be.
70.
100. Kelimeler
76- iasting (lsting) : dayankl

lasting = enduring
asting x transient : abuk geen, geici
Arabasnn lastiklerini deitirmek isteyen bir
mteri kararszlk iindedir. Durumu fark
eden satc: "Merak etmeyin. Bu LASTKler
(lasting) DAYANIKLIdr" diye ikna etmeye
alr
This may provide a lasting solution to our
problems.
This type of music has an enduring appeal.
The city has a large transient population.
77- status quo (steyts ko) : mevcut durum
status quo = present situation
nl ngiliz rock grubu STATUS QUOnun:
"He is in the army now" (O imdi asker) adl
arks sat rekorlar krar. Yapmc: "STA
TUS QUO grubu ok baarl. Bari MEVCUT
DURUMu (status quo) koruyabilseler" diye
fikrini syler.
These people hate change-tfey alvvays
want to maintain the status quo.
The present economic and political situation
show little sign of improving.
78- drench (dren) : slatmak
drench = soak
drench x dry : kurutmak
Elektronik aletin DREN tellerinin sland
n gren baba, oluna ok kzar: Olum. D
REN tellerini (drench) ISLATMAK ok teh
likelidir diye barr.
I vvent out vvithout my umbrella and got
drenched to the skin.
First, soak the beans in vvater for two hours.
The clothes will soon dry (out) in the sun.
Our sources of information have dried up.
35
3 6
79- cali in (kl in) : uramak, ziyaret etmek

cali in = cali on
Kocas: ''Arkadan COLLN'e (cali in) U
RAYALIM"' diye srar edince, kadn: "Bugn
olmaz"' diye kar kar
Will you cali in the bank on your way home?
Permit me to cali on you next Tuesday
afternoon.
80- articie (ar'tikl) : madde
art ide = iteni
Trakya'h toprak aas bir dernein bakam se
ilmitir. Trakya iesiyle konuan aa top
lantlarn birinde: "ARTIKIN (articie) MADDElere geebiliriz" diye toplanty ynlendi
rir.
Guess are advised not to leave any articles of value in their hotel rooms.
Item 17 is concerned with the chairman's
expenses.
81- initiate (ini'iyevt) : baia(t)nak
initiate = launcl
initiate x dese : sona erdirmek
Uak firmas yetkilileri, yeni model uan
test uuu sonularn merak ederler. Uuu
gerekletiren test pilotu: "Uan alana N
DE Y (initiate retim BALAYABLR
Bence li bir saknca yok'' diye fikrini beyan
eder
The govemmen is initiaing some reforms.
We launehed our attack on the other team
as soon as the whistle blew.
The chairman elosed the meeting by a
short speech
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u r a u s a l
S z l k
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
82- difference (diCmus : l.n f

difference = all raim
difference \ simila ii v : lut/e lik
Satn almak istedii . n a h . m m ok pahal oldu
unu gren bir mste. nedenini sorar. Satc:
DIFFERANSYEL zel, (difference) FARK bundan dolay" diye aklamada bulunur.
The difference in price was only $ % 10 so
we decided fo take the plane.
There have been a few alterations to the
iimetable.
What strikes me about his poetry is its
similarity to Shakespeare's.
83- be puzzled (bi pA/.lt) : hayrete dmek
be puzzled : baffle
be puzzled x enliglten : bilgi vermek
Meneke Restaurantta deiik tarzda piiril
mi PAZI yiyen, bir mteri ok memnundur.
Hemen yannda oturan kocasna: B PAZI ki
(be puzzled) insan HAYRETE DR
YOR" diye yemei ver.
Her iliness has puzzled ali the doctors.
The disappearence of the famous iootball
player baffled the polie.
Peter thought the world was flat until i
enlightened him
84- aid (eyd) : yardm etmek
aid = support
aid x impede : engellemek
Padiah IH. Selim dneminde mey dana gelen
zelzele felaketi iin, zenginlerden yardm top
lanmasna karar verilir. Vezir-i AzamTn yaz
d ferman rtkanlar okurken yle ba
rrlar: "EEEYT (aid) YARDIM ETMEK iste
yenler Topkap Saray'na mracaat etsin."
Studying will aid you in your exams.
My family supported me enormously during my trail.
The demonstration impeded the traffic.
3 8
85- intent (intent'l : kararl

intent = resolute
intent x hesitant : kararsz
Bir i mimar, dkkanna tente taktrmak iste
yen mterisini krmak istemez: "llede TEN
TE taktrmakta (intent) KARARLI isen, sana
ustay gnderirim diyerek olay tatlya ba
lar.
He is intent on going to France to continue
his studies.
Be resolute in your efforts.
The councillors were timid, mediocre and
hesitant.
86- erelv (nirli) : sadece
nerelv = solely
Hababam Snf" adl tiyatro eserinin nl
retmeni, sfrc Haindi, sene sonu notlarn
okumaktadr. Bir sre sonra SADECE (erely) MERAL geirdii anlalr.
We don't have to do it: it was merely and
idea.
She was solely responsible tor causing
he accident.
87- be botlered (bi badh'rd) : rahatsz
olmak
be botlered = be anoyed
be botlered \ comfort : ralat ettirmek
Bir baba, oluna bencillik konusunda t
vermektedir Bir ara: "uvaldz kendine B
BATIR (be botlered) RAHATSIZ OLMAK
neymi o zaman iyi anlarsn"' diyerek olunu
terbiye etmek ister.
Im sorry to bother you, but could you
direct me to the station?
Very loud music annoys me.
I tried to comfort him but it was no use.
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
88- surrender (srendr) : teslim olmak

veya etmek
surrender = give in
surrender x hold : dayanmak
Satran ampiyonas finalinde Ender adl oyun
cu, 2 saatlik dnme sresini atc iin diskali
fiye olur. Yapt itiraz, hakem u cmle ile red
deder: " S I R e ' e ND R. sen (surrender) TES
LM OL yenilgiyi kabul et. Baka aren yok."
The terrorists surrendered when they ran
out of bullets.
She was detemined not to give in until she
received compensation for the accident.
Can our line hold, or will the enemy push
us back?
89- lavvsuit (16sut) : dava
latvsuit = litgation
Etna Yanardamn tekrar faaliyete gemesi,
her eyi alt st etmi ve lavlar zellikle su kay
naklarna ok zarar vermitir. evreci rgt
ler, ilgili bakam gerekli nemleri almamakla
sulayarak mahkemeye verirler. Bu olay ba
snda "LAV SUYU (lavvsuit) DAVAs" olarak
yer alr.
The victirns started a lawsuit to get com
pensation for their injuries.
t was not unusual for the bank to be
involved in litigation ver failed companies.
90- order (r'dr) : dzen, nizam
order = arrangement
order x disorder : dzensizlik
Askeri birlikleri denetleyen ordu komutan,
askerelre hitaben yapt konumasnda: ORDUda (order) DZEN ve NTZAM hayati
nem tar der.
The items are listed in order of importance.
He is in charge of the security arrangements for the president's visit.
The house was in a State of complete dis
order because of the young children.
39
40
91- say for sure (sev fr r) : kesin

sylemek
Vergi makbuzlarn bulamayan bir ev hanm,
heyecanlanr. Vergi memuru srarla makbuz
lar grmek ister. Heyecan daha da artan ka
dncaz. dili srerek: Makbuzlarn nerede
olduunu KESN SYLEMEK iin (say for
surefkocam SEYFYE OR un der.
If you want to say for sure, you wil! have
to check the figures.
92- industrious (indAstriys) : alkan

industrious = diligent
industrious x lazy : tembel
Babakan. TSADda yapt konumada:
"ENDSTRlemek istiyorsak, (industrious)
ALIKAN insanlara da ihtiyacmz var. Sa
dece sermaye sorunu zemez" der.
Every assistant is expected to be competent and industrious.
The discovery was made after years of
diligent research.
He vvon't work; he is just too lazy.
93- negotiate (nigoiyeyt) : grmek
negotiate = discuss
Naret Firmas donmu et ithalat yapmak iste

mektedir. Gelen numuneler incelenir. lerin
den bir tanesinin hem fiyat caziptir, hem ok
lezzetlidir. Genel mdr, etin tadna bakar ve
yle der: "NE HO ET (negotiate) GR
MEK yararl olur.
Im negotiating for a new contract at the
moment.
I don't feel I can discuss anything important with my parents.
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u rg u s a l
S z l k
K e lim e E z b erleten K u rg u sa l S zlk
94- burn dovvn (brn daun): yanp kl olmak

burn down = burn out
Yal bir adam, evindeki elektrik sobasn s
rekli olarak ak brakp gitmektedir. Komu
lar bu durumdan hi memnun deillerdir.
Hepsi de: BYLE DAVRANmaya devam
ederse, (bum down) ev YANIP, KL OLUR"
diye endie ederler.
The old house burned down last night in
the big fire.
The plane was completely burned out after
the crash.
9 5 -depth (depth) : derinlemesine, derinlik
depth = extent
depth x shallovvness : slk
Meclis Bakam, konuma sresini aan bir
milletvekilini uyarr. Ancak uyarnn bir ie
yaramadn grr. Kendi kendine: "Bu adam
da tutup HEP (depth) her konunun DERNL
NE iniyor. Sanki isteyen var" diye sylenir.
No one realized that she had such a depth
of courage.
We don't yet know the extent of his injuries.
The fine performances of the actors hide
the shallovvness of the play's script.
96- later on (leytr an) : daha sonra
later on = aftervvards
later on x previously : nceden
Telefonda sabah dedikodularyla megul olan
annesine, olu birey gstermektedir. Tatl
sohbeti bozmak istemeyen anne, sonunda da
yanamaz. Olunun elinde, zerine 10 yazl
bir mektup grr: Neymi o LETTER 10?
(later on) DAHA SONRA bakarm" diye sy
lenir.
t vvasn't until later on that we realized she
had gne.
They separated, and soon/shortly after
vvards Cem left the city.
She vvas previously employed as a tour
guide.
41
42
97- utter (Atar) : tan: kesin
utter = compiete
utter x partial : ksmi
Doktor, hastasnn haplar yutmadn anlar.

Hemireyi uyarp: Hap YUTTUR, grelim
(utter) TAM KESN emin olalm. Aksi tak
dirde iyilemesi mmkn deil" der.
The meeting was an utter waste of time.
The man is a compiete fool.
The lieutenant general has ordered a par
tial withdrawal of troops from the area.
98- inspection (inspekn): kontrol,
denetleme
inspection = scrutinv
Restorasyonu biten Beylerbeyi Saray'n ge

zen uzman, son kontrol yapar. Bu srada, ol
duka yksee aslm bir gravr grr. Uz
man. yardmcsna: Biraz aa NSE PEK
IK olacak (inspection) KONTROL edersin"
der.
He had a suspicion the certificate was a
forgery, but on closer inspection, it seemed
okay.
The chief kept the prisoners under close
scrutiny.
99- look ver (lk ovr) : gzden geirmek
iook ver = examine
look ver x ignore : bilmezlikten gelmek
Bir tatbikat yrten komutan, emrindeki su

baylara grevlerini anlatmaktadr. Sra, tabur
komutanna geldiinde: Binba, YUKARI
OVAy (look ver) GZDEN GERMEK
de senin grevin. diye emreder.
Give me time to look the suggestion ver.
The council is to examine ways of reducing traffic in the city enter.
I smiled at her but she ignored me.
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u r a u s a l
43
S z l k
100- get rid of (get rid Av) : ......den

kurtarmak, kurtulmak
get rid of = elude
get rid of x face : yz yze gelmek
Bir banka mdresi, srekli olarak kredi iste

yen mterisinden bkmtr. Sonunda sabr
taar ve: "GT OFF! irketini skmtDAN
KURTARMAK (get rid of) istiyorsan baka
kapy al!" diye sylenir.
We got rid of our unwelcome guests by
saying we had to go to bed.
Leaving home was just a way of eluding
his responsibilities.
The main question that faces us at present is how to avoid job losses.
lasting
status quo
drench
cali in
article
initiate
difference
be puzzled
aid
intent
merely
be bothered
surrender
dayankl
mevcut durum
slatmak
uramak, ziyaret
etmek
madde
bala(t)mak
fark
hayrete dmek
yardm etmek
kararl
sadece
rahatsz olmak
teslim olmak veya
etmek
lavvsuit
order
say for sure
industrious
negotiate
burn down
depth
later on
utter
inspection
look ver
get rid of
dava
^
dzen, nizam
kesin sylemek
alkan
grmek
yanp kl olmak
derinlemesine, derinlik
daha sonra
tam, kesin
kontrol, denetleme
gzden geirmek
...... den kurtarmak,
kurtulmak
---------------------------------------------
76. 100. Altrmalar

-

1) I changed my mind on m a n y ..........., including nursery education.
a) differerces
b) similarities
c) alteration
d) issues
2) Our socurces information h a v e ..........................
a) called up
b) dried up
c) touched down
d) eluded
3) I w ili................ .......the post Office on my way home.
a) look ver
b) cali in
c) single out
d) dream up
4) They should b e ...........in their erforts.
a) resolute
b) lazy
c) litigation
d) alteration
5) Her only chance t o ...........her persuer was to rningle with the crovvd.
a) negotiate
b) elude
c) igrore
d) face
6) The new couple separated and s h o rtly ...........Ali left the country.
a) afterwards
b) diligent
c) litigation
d) alteration
7) P eople...........th in g s ............ carefully before buying them.
a) look afer
b) look for
c) make up
d) look ver
8) Whenever I smile at her, she alvvays
me
al alters
b) opts for
c) ignores
d) invents
9) The meeting was a / a n ...........waste of time.
a) utter
b) previous
c) former
10)
The general......... his troops.

a) inspected
b) got rid of
c) eluded
d) industrious
d) said for sure.

1) l'm sure he says these things deljberately to annoy me.
a) sardonically
b) merely
c) solely
2) This may provide a lasting solution to our problems.
a) enduring
b) soak
c) article
d) consciously
d) aid
3) Permit me to aljjpn you next Sunday afternoon.

a) enduring
b) cali in
c) item
d)
4) Studying will aid you n your exams
a) help
b) intent
c) initiate
d)
5) The iterrs are listed in order of importance.
a) lawsuit
b) diligent
c) depth
6) The govemment is initiating some social reforms.
a) launch
b) intent
c) item
d)
7) He is intent on going to France to continue his studies.
a) industrious
b) resolute
c) look ver
d)
8) Every assistant is expected to be competent and industjjous.
a) say for sure
b) diligent
c) later on
d)
9) Give me time to look the suggestion ver
a) utter
b) cali in
c) examine
d)
soak
baffle
d)arrange
baffle
inspection
lawsuit
elude
45
K elim e E z b erleten K u rg u sa l S zl k
10)
The meeting was an utter waste ot time..

a) complee
b) diligent
c) resolute
d) enduring

1) Some birds are only transient visitors to Britain.
a) enduring
b) diligent
c) order
2) The clothes will soon dry (out) in the sun,
a) surrender
b) drench
c) aid
3) There have been a few alterations to the timetabie.
a) scrunity
b) litigation
c) order
4) The chairvvoman lped the meeting by a short speech.
a) launched
b) baffled
c) drenched
5) Peter thought the vvorld was flat until i enlightened him.
a) relinquished
b) succumbed
c) baffled
6) My family uported me enormously during my trial.
a) burned down
b) impeded
c) looked ver
7) The councillors were timid, mediocre and irresolute.
a) intent
b) alteration
c) diligent
8) I tried to comfort her but it was no use.
a) impede
b) annoy
c) assiduous
9) They vvould rather die than surrender.
a) yielded
b) gave in
c) held
10) The discovery was made after years of diligent research
a) lazy
b) assidous
c) transient
d) litigation
d) baffle
d) similarity
d) endured
d) drenched
d) eluded
d) assiduous
d) relinquish
d) eluded
d) litigation

partiality,
Supreme Court,
elude.
face,
look ver,
sue,
irresolutely,
launch, similarities,
partial,
solely,
utter,
burn down,
initiate,
unconditional surrender
1) The govemment h a s ...........a massive new house building programme.

2) H e ...........a fierce attack on his political opponents.
3) She hesitaed, then m o ve d ...........towards the doon
4) The polie say there are s o m e ...........between this murder and one that happened last year.
5) If someting goes wrong, you will b e ...........responsible for it.
6) His only chance t o ...........his persuer was to mingle with crovvd,
7)
8)
9)
10)
The new plaza vvas...........by the terrorists

Don't ask him any question. He is a /a n ...........moron.
They were forced to make a /a n ..........................
The full US Senate will decide today whether to confirm Judge Thomas's
appoinment to th e ..........................
46
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u rg u s a l
S z l k
11) The main problem th a t...........us at present is how to avoid job losses.
12) I h a v e ........................the plans, but I haven't studied them in detaii
13) He made a /a n ........... recovery but he was never able to vvalk properly after
the accident.
14) The judges have been heavily criticized for th e ir........... in the whole affair.
15) He w a s ...........for malpractise.

1) He complained that there had been a campaign to undermine h is ...........as
leader. (credit)
2) Freedom of speech should be a ..... .....right. (constitute)
3) t was a very beautiful city but I found the h e a t.............(bear)
4) Her husband was the c h ie f...........of her will. (benefit)
5) After m u ch ............. the Board decided to accept my offer. (deliberate)
6) I could never be a teacher. Im far t o o .............(patient)
7) I felt that the whole project w a s ...........researched. (suffice)
8) After a series of difficu lt..........., we reached the agreement. (negotiate)
9) The royal engagement was announced............. (officiate)
10) The effective ........... of the policy will depend heavily on the polie force.
(implement)
11) n the last few rnonths of his illness he suffered...........pain. (endure)
12) t i s ...........that she left vviihout saying goodbye. (baffle)
13)
14)
15)
16)
I can bear love or hate, but n o t............. (differ)

Dont keep asking me for advice; use your own ........... .. (initiate)
t wasnt m y ........... to exclude her from the list - 1just forget her. (intent)
Can you give me a n y ...........on what happened? (enlight)
17) The m a in ...........to development is the country's huge foreign debt. (impede)
18) We are grateful for h e r ... ....... in setting up this conference. (industrious)
19) The fine performances of the actors hide th e ..........of the plays soript. (shallovv)
20) She w a s ...........employed as a tour guide. (previous)
21) He was promoted t o ............. (inspect)
22) H is ...........was highly suspect. (part)
23) The test was carried out under th e .......... of independent observers. (scrutinize)
24) Many teenagers are surprisingly...........about current politics. (ignore)
25) She cackled...........at the suggestion. (deride)
101. - 125. Kelimeler

101- to be upset (tu bi Apset) : morali
bozuk olmak
to be upset = distress, sadden, hurt,
get upset, trouble, \vorry, annoy
to be upset x soothe : sakinletirmek
nl tenor Pavarotti. diinin apse yapmas ne

deniyle MORAL ok BOZUKtur. stelik
kendi roln stlenecek bir yedek tenor de
yoktur. Kuliste kendi kendine: TUH BU AP
SE olmasa (to be upset) MORALM bu kadar
BOZUK OLMAZDI diye sylenir._________
Dont upset yourself by thinking about
what might have been.
She was deeply distressed by her exam
results.
The news of his illness saddened me.
Her thoughtlessness hurt him and he turned
and walked away.
Dont get upset, sweetheart, it is only a story.
t is a shame to trouble him when he is tired.
t vvorries our parents if we stay out late.
He has managed to soothe her down a
bit, but shes stili pretty annoyed.
102- surgeon (srcn) : cerrah
surgeon = plysician; doctor,
consultant, specialist
Ameliyat srasnda yaplan dikileri beenme

yen genel CERRAH: Bana SORUCAN K
(surgeon) CERRAH cevap versin'" diye asista
nn azarlar.
The surgeon who carried out the difficult
operation said that it had been a success.
She looks very ill-youd better cali a doc
tor.
My physician told me to stop smoking.
The doctor arranged for Marcel to see a
top specialist in Paris.
The consultant told Jane that an operation
was necessary to save her life.
47
48
103- expense (ikspens) : masraf

expense = expenditure, cost, charge,
outlay, outgoing
expense x receipt : haslat
Tamirci ustas kulland takmlar elden gei
rirken. PENSlerin artk ok eskidiini fark
edince: "ESK PENSler (expense) MASRAFl olmaya balad. Yeni PENSler almalym"
diye dnr.
We need to save money by cutting down
on our expenses.
Having to have my car repaired was an
expenditure I hadn't expected this month,
Our outgoings are higher in winter, because
we use more electricity and gas.
We need to cut our advertising costs.
The entry charge for the show is $ 5.
We hired two videos for the party for a
very small outlay.
The theatre's receipts for the vvinter were
badly down
104- body (bad'i) : kurulu

body = companv. organisation,
Corporation, frm, syndicate, outflt
KURULUa yeni katlan acemi memur, spriz bir ekilde bakan seilir. Olay duyan me
sai arkadalar biraz da kskanarak: "Hem ace
mi hem de BAD BAD yryor. BAD
(body) bu KURULUu ynetmek kolay m
diye sylenirler.
The RSPCA is a respected body working
for animal welfare.
He works for a company that makes pet
food.
We need to set up a money - raising organi
sation.
The government set up a broadcasting
Corporation.
She went to work for the family firm.
The engineering firms formed a syndicate
to build the big new hotel.
He belongs to a military outfit.
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u r c u s a l
S z l k
105-entireIy (ntayrIi) : tamamen

entirely = compietelv, totally, vvholly,
fully, absolutely, utterly
entirely x partially : ksmen
Modac Mahir Modasever yeni hazrlad
modelin basma ENTARYLE (entirely) TA
MAMEN uyutuunu grnce pek sevinir.
Entariyi deneyen manken de tasarm ok be
enir.
I was not entirely happy with the arrangement.
By your impatience you have completely
ruined ali our work.
I totally agree with you.
The evidence we have is not wholiy reliable.
The apartment was fully furnished when
we moved in.
There is absolutely no evidence against
him.
We utterly reject the philosophy of compulsory wage control.
These books with large print are designed
for partially sighted people
106- lav do\vn (ley daun) : kanun koymak
lav do\vn = set dovvn
lav dow x abrogate : feshetmek,
iptal etmek
LADY DAUN'nun srekli olarak kanun tekli
fi sunmas zerine, Lordlar Kamaras Bakan
yapt konumada: "KANUN KOYMAK
(ky down) LADY DAUNnun iidir" der.
The law lays down that speed limits must
be obeyed.
These price limits are laid down by the
government.
The university sets down who shall be
admitted as students.
The law was abrogated in 2000.
49
50
107- to build up (tu bild Ap) : gelitirmek

to build up = improve, ameliorate,
advance, develop, progress, proeeed
to build up x retrogress : geriletmek
lk bestesini yapan ALP adl kompozisyon
rencisi, pek sevinlidir. Yapt dinleyen hocas:
"BU LK ALP (build up) kendini GELTR
MEK istiyorsan daha ok almalsn" der.
Cneyt and his brother have built up a
good business ver the years from a
small beginning.
The only way to improve my English was
by living in England for a vvhile.
Foreign aid is badly needed to ameliorate
the effects of the drought.
Disk technology is advancing very rapidiy.
This exercise is designed to develop the
shoulder and back muscles.
Your father is progressing nicely," said
the nurse
The work is proceeding according to plan.
There is a time in the history many great
civilisations when they begin to retrogress.
108- nervous (nrvs) : gergin
nervous = tense, agitated, uneasy,
excited, apprehensive, anxious
nervous x calm : sakin
Ekonomik kriz nedeniyle iinden ayrlan
NERGS ok GERGN dir. Kocas gereksiz
yere bir tartma balatnca, annesi, kzn ko
ruyarak: "NERGS zaten (nervous) GERGN.
Damat birde sen steleme" der.
There is no need to be so nervous. t is
only an interview.
The negotiations became increasingly
tense as the weeks went by.
An agitated waiter appeared and apologized profusely for the delay.
After the speech there was uneasy silence
and nobody clapped.
Calm down. There is no point getting
excited about it.
I'm very apprehensive about tomorrovv's
meeting.
t was an anxious time for us.
She has a very calm manner, vvhich is
useful in this hectic Office.
K e lim e E z b erleten K u rsu sa l S zlk
109- custom (kAstm) : gelenek, grenek

custom = convention, habit, routine,
rule, policy, practice, formality
Szleri yanl anlalan bir turist durumu dzelt
mek isteyerek: 'KASTIM (niyetim) bu deildi,
(custom) GELENEK ve GRENEKleriniz bil
miyorum. Hepinizden zr diliyorum der.
n my country, it is the custom for vvomen
to get married in vvhite.
Social customs vary gteatiy from country
to country.
The British Constitution is founded upon
convention, as well as laws.
His eating habits are extraordinary.
There is no set / fixed routine at work every day is different
t is a club rule that new mernbers must
sing a song.
Honesty is the best policy.
You II have to sign the visitors book but it
is just a formality.
t is now quite common practice for mar
ried vvomen not to take their husband's
second name.
110-actually (akuvvli) : gerekten
actuaily = in fact, really, in reality,
truily, intrinsically, as a matter of fact
actuaily x doubtfully : pheyle
Karadenizli pasta ustas bayram iin yapt
tatllarn yetmeyeceini anlar. rana un u
valn gstererek: A EK UVALI (actuaily)
GEREKTEN bu tatllar yetimeyecek" der.
Did he actuaily attack you ot just threaten
you?
He said it would be cheap but in fact it
cost ver $ 200.
Although he failed his tests, hes quite a'
bright guy, really.
Novvadays owning a car appears to be a
necessity, but in reality it isnt.
Mushrooms arent truily vegetable, but
many people think they are.
Theres nothing intrinsically vvrong with
your idea, l'm not particularly keen on it.
The company is doing very well. As a mat
ter of fact vveve doubled our sales budget.
Are you certain of that?" he asked doubt
fully.
51
52
111-in vain (in vevn) : bouna

in r a i n = uorfhless, valueless. useiess,
paltry, trivial. ineffective
in vain x valuable : deerli, faydal
Balkondan seslenen ocuklarn duyan baba:
"ocuklar BOUNA aaya NMEYN (in
vain). e gitmek zorundaym. Sz veriyorum
Sizi pazar gn lunaparka gtrecceim" der
We ried in vain to make him change his
mind.
George was criticised so much by his
employer that he began to feel vvorthless.
The metal looked like gold, but in fact it
was valueless.
t is useiess to complain.
The company offered Ali a paltry sum
vvhich he refused.
Why do you get angry ver such trivial
matters?
She made an ineffective attempt to mend
the broken table.
Don't lose this ring - it is very valuable.
112-customs (kAs'tmz) : gmrk
Hkmet szcs. GMRK kanununda ya
plan deiiklikler konusunda basma bilgi ve
rirken: "KASTIMIZ (amacmz (customs)
GMRK geilerinde kolaylk salamaktr"
der
You have to pay customs (duty) on imported cars,
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
K elim e E z b e rle te n K u rg u sa l S zlk
113- deadly (dedli) : ldrc

deadly = lethal, fatal; boring, dull,
tedious, stale
deadly x ruddy : shhatli
Muayene bitmi, doktor yazd ilac hastas
na aklamaktadr: "Sakn a kamna kullan
ma! DERTL bir ilatr, (deadly) LDR
C etkisi vardr diyerek hastasn uyarr.
After he had spoken, a deahly silence /
hush iell on the room.
n the car he tound knives and other lethal
weapons.
He made the fatal mistake of believing
what they told him.
This book is so boring tfat I dont think I' II
finish it,
The characters in it are ali very dull.
The hero often makes tedious speeches
about being well-behaved.
The author has used a stale plot in his novel.
Drinking lots of water helps to give you
ruddy skin.
114- eliminate (ilmTneyt) : ortadan
kaldrmak
eliminate = remove, take out,
get rid of, omit, discard, throsv out
eliminate x include, kapsamak, iermek
Genel mdr: "Sonu alnamayan ka proje
var?" diye yardmcsna sorduunda: "ELL M
NEYDeliminate tmn ORTADAN KAL
DIRMAK galiba akllca olacak" diye yant alr.
A move towards healthy eating could help
eliminate heart disease,
Hearing your opinion has removed my
last doubts/fears about Jane.
The soldiers said that they were trying to
take the snipers out.
Ive tried ali sorts of medicines to get rid of
this cold.
n writing this report I have omitted ali
unnecessary details,
Remove the skins from the apples and
discard them.
I threw those trousers out years ago.
Is service included in the bili?
53
54
115-score (skor) : miktar

score = record, total, tally, sum.
account. amount
NASA'da yaplan bir deneyde su konulmad
iin elde edilen yeni maddenin MKTAR
belli olmamtr. Durumu fark eden proje so
rumlusu, asistanm uyarr: "SU KOY ki (sco
re-) MKTAR belli olsun."
Emre got an average score of 67 in his
exams.
Al! births, marriages and deaths are entered
in the offical records.
The total number of people arrested was
tvventy.
Dont forget to keep a careful tally of what
you spend.
Huge sums of money are spent on national defence.
My account is already overdravvn.
Large arnounts of money were spent on
the bridge.
116- operate (aprevt) : altrmak
operate = function, perform, vvork,
manage, run, handle
Ynetmen Fellini ilk kez bir OPERET sahne
ye koyar. Ancak ok para harcandn grn
ce: "OPERET (operate) ALITIRMAK ne
kadar da zormu" der.
Does he know how to operate the heating
System?
The lungs function to supply the body with
oxygen.
The machine will not function properly if it
is not kept well-oiled.
This car performs well on hills.
t is worked by electricity.
He managed the company vvhile his fatfer
was ili.
Keep clear of the machines vvhile they are
running.
Too many riders have no idea hovv to
handle their motorcycles safely.
K e lim e E zberleten K urgusal S z l k
K elim e E z b erleten K u rg u sa l S zlk
117- emigrate (emgreyt) : g etmek

emigrate = migrate, move, depart,
leave, quit
ErnTcl bir Trk ABD'ye G ETMEY
baarr. Bulduu ilk telefon kulbesinden
NW YORK'taki arkadana haber verir. Ola
y duyan Ali: "EMN GREAT (emigrate)
G ETMEK ok zordur. Ama sen bu ii ba
ardn" diye sevinir.
Her family emigrated to America in the
1950s.
Some tribes migrate with their cattle in
search of fresh grass.
They dont live here any ionger - theyve
moved away.
The train departs at 8.00 a.m...
I'm leaving England and going to live in
Spain.
I quit London last year and went to live in
the country.
118- deliver (dlvr) : teslim etmek
deliver = transmit, hand ver, give in,
transport, convey, send
deliver x appropriate : kendine mal
etmek, ayrmak
Bebek'te yeni alan bir sosyete ciercisi, ev
lere servis yapmaktadr. Patron, ran yan
na arp bir adres tarif ederek: DL VER
(deliver) doru adrese TESLM ET diye tali
mat verir,
The shop is delivering our new bed on
Tuesday.
Fibre-optic cables wi!l transmit the electronic signals.
The escaped criminal was handed ver to
the poiice.
Give your exams papers in when you're
finished,
Trains transport the coal to the ports.
The goods are usually conveyed by sea.
The news report was sent by satellite.
The minister was found to have appropriated government money.
55
56
119- commerce (kam'rs) : ticaret

commerce : trade, business, industry,
dealings, operations, merclandising
Ticaret Bakan, bir Afrika lkesine gnderdii
mstearna dnte fikrini sorar. Mstear:
"Sayn bakanm, KANIMIZ udur ki (com
merce) TCARET yapmamz olanaksz. lke
ekonomik darboazda der.
Commerce is the buying and selling of
goods and Services of ali kinds.
The balance of trade betvveen the two countries showed a large Japanese surplus.
He is in the frozen food business.
The government has been criticized for
not putting enough money in to industry.
The company has to pay a lot of tax on its
financial dealings during the 1998-99 taxyear.
He was an important decision maker in
terms of G Ms overseas operations.
The company has bought merchandising
rigfts to the latest Disney film.
120- individually (indvicu\vli) : tek tek
individually = separatelv, distinctly,
singularly, solely, particularly,
exclusively
individually x generally : genellikle
Depo mdr yardmcsn yanma arr. Kar
rafn zerinde duran uval gstererek: NDR VER UVALI (individually) iindeki
kutulan TEK TEK say. Bana da bilgi ver der.
She always thinks very individually and it
shovvs in what she does.
Each problem should be assessed separately.
I distinctly told you to wait.
He has been behaving most singularly
I was solely responsible for causing the
accident.
I didn't particularly want to go, but I had to.
The room is exclusively for men.
The peace agreement has been generally
accepted.
K e lim e E z b erleten K u rg u sa l S z l k
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u rg u s a l
S z l k
121- pattern (patrn) : kalp, biim

pattern = design, styie, notif, model,
figre, decoration
pattern x copy : kopya
"Bana PATEN yap diye tutturan oluna, m
hendis babas: PATEN yapmak (pattern)
KALIP ister BM ister der,
Cut out ali of the pieces from the paper
pattern and pin them on the cloth.
I like the design on your svveatshirt.
We chose some curtains with a flowet motif,
Macho heroes in films are bad role models for children,
She was one of the leading political figures of this century.
He is good at cake decoration,
The secretary made a copy of the decument.
122- briskly (brsk li) : canl bir ekilde
briskly = vigorously, assiduously,
industriously, diligently,
energeticly, expeditiously
briskly x sluggishly : ar ar
Hazrlanan salk raporunu beenmeyen uz
man dr, asistanlarm uyarp: Bu rapor B
RSK L ki sormayn, (briskly) tm bulgular
CANLI BR EKLDE ortadayken, nasl olur
da salam raporu verirsiniz der,
She walked briskly into town.
The people who have been arrested have
vigorously denied the charges.
Before apartheid ended I assiduously
avoided buying south African products,
Ali was vvorking industriously at his desk.
The bird was pecking diligently at a bag of
nuts outside the kitchen door.
He plays football very energeticly.
She ansvvered the questions expeditiously.
The raffic is moving sluggishly ahead of
us.
57
5 8
123- punctuallv (pAngk'mvli) : dakik bir

ekilde
punctuallv = promptly, seasonably,
exactly, regularly, precisely,
immediately
punctuallv x slovvly : yava yava
Evinin penceresinden kardaki meydana ba
kan yal bir adam, PUNKI genlerin toplan
dklarn grr. inden: PANKCLAR punctually yine DAKK BR EKLDE saat 17"
de toplandlar" der.
The meeting started puncfually at 10.00 a.m.
We will have to leave fairly promptly if we
wan to cach that train.
Our guest arrived seasohably at 8.30.
If I had my life to live again, ld do exactly
the same things.
Accidents regularly occur on this bend
The trains leaves at ten o'clock precisely.
We must leave immediately.
She works sfowly but her essays are
always excellent.
124- adversely (dvrsli): aleyhte
adversely = unfavourably, inimically
adversely x favourably : lehte
Mahkeme sona ermi avukat mvekkilinin ya
knlaryla sohbet etmektedir. Bir ara avukat:
'Mvekkilim, hakimin istedii ADI VER
SEYD (ismi Syleiydi) (adversely) ALEHTE dava aabilirdik" der.
A lot of companies have been adversely
(=in a harmful way) affected by the recession.
Esra reviewed one of your books very
unfavourably.
I am afraid their advertising campaign has
affected our sales inimically.
She irnpressed me rather favourably
when I first met her
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
5 9
S z l k
12 5 -steadily (sted'iii) : sabit bir ekilde

steadily = invariably, evenly,
incessantly, continuously.
cunstantlv, perpetually
steadily x differently : deiken bir
ekilde
Uzun sredir ayn STE de oturan bir gencin
anlattklarn, yeni tanan arkada anlama
ynca, delikanl: ."Bizim dilimiz STE DL
(steadily) SABT BR EKLDE ayn szck
leri kullanrz" der.
t steadily rains when I go to Trabzon..
The ftel used is almost invariably charcoal made from vvood and coconut shells.
He was breathing quietly and evenly
Mike smoked incessantly and his room
smelled disgusting.
He can work continuously for five hours
vvithout a break.
t has rained constantly for several days.
She is perpetually asking me for money.
They behave sc differently-youd never
believe they were brothers.
^to be upset
surgeon
expense
body
entirely
lay down
to build up
nervous
custom
actuaily
in vain
customs
deadly
K--------- ----------
morali bozuk olmak

cerrah
masraf
kurulu
tamamen
kanun koymak
gelitirmek
gergin
gelenek, grenek
gerekten
bouna
gmrk
ldrc
eliminate
score
to operate
emigrate
deliver
commerce
individually
pattern
briskly
punctually
adversely
steadily
ortadan kaldrmak
miktar
altrmak
g etmek.
teslim etmek
ticaret
tek tek
kalp, biim
canl bir ekilde
dakik b:r ekilde
aleyhte
sabit bir ekilde
........
60
101. -125. Altrmalar

1) D o n 't...........yourself by thinking about what might have been
c) eliminate
d) operate
e) upset
b) build up
a) lay down
2) Does he know how t o ......... ... the heating system?
d) deliver
c) upset
a) operate
b) lay down
e) emigrate
Ali
works
for
a
...........that
makes
pet
food.
3)
c) score
b) company
d) receipt
e) customs
a) expense
4) ...........is the buying and selling of goods and Services of ali kinds.
e) expenses e) body
c) cornmerce
a) score
b) receipt
5) We need to save money by cutting down on o u r .............
d) expenses
e) body
a) company
b) score
c) cornmerce
at
10.00
a.m.
The
meeting
sta
rte
d
...........
6)
e) sluggishly
a) punctually
b) vividly
c) individually d) briskly
7) t ... ....... rains when I go to Trabzon.
c) briskly
d) individually e) diligently
a) vividly
b) steadily
8) M y ...........told me to stop smoking.
c) doctor
d) cost
a) body
b) expense
e) receipt
with
their
cattle
in
search
of
fresh
grass
Some
trib
e
s
..........
9)
a) deliver
b) operate
c) lay dovvn
d) upset
e) migrate
10) Emre got an average.......... . of 67 in his exams.
c) body
d) expence
e) cornmerce
a) score
b) customs

1) By your impatience you have completely ruined ali our work.
a) doubtfully
b) wholly
c) individually
d) briskly
e) diligently
2) Ali and Veli have bujjt up a good business ver the years from a small beginning.
a) soothed
b) laid down c) improved
d) removed
e) omitted
3) He has managed to soothe her down a bit, but she's stili pretty annoyed.
a) elam down b) improve
c) eliminate
d) opera
e) give in
4) We need to cut our advertising psts.
a) score
b) expense
c) body
d) custorn
e) customs
5) The government set up a broadcasting Corporation..
a) expense
b) customs
c) convention
d) body
e) score
6) A move tovvards healty eating could help eliminate teart disease.
a) agitate
b) lay down c) soothe
d) funetion
e) remove
7) Each problem should be assessed separatelv.
a) sluggishly
b) briskly
c) vvholly
d) individually
8) I like the desigr on your svveatshirt.
a) pattern
b) custorn
c) customs
d) cornmerce
e) entirely
e) receipt
61

9)
10)
She walked brisklv into town.

,
a) vagueiy
b) vigorously c) separately
d) vvholly
e) entirely
The law lays down that speed limits must be obeyed.

a) improves
b) eliminates c) removes
d) includes
e) sets dovvn
ntonym almas (101-125)

1) The theatres receipts for the winter were badly dovvn.
a) expenditure b) body
c) patiern
d) commerce
e) customs
2 ) She vvorks slowly but her essays are alvvays excellent.

a) sluggishly
b) vagueiy
c) vigorously
d) puntcually
These
price
limits
are
laid
down
by
the
government.
3)
a) built up
b) distressed c) soothed
d) omitted
4) n vvritting this report lve omitted ali unnecessary details.
a) removed
b) included
c) built up
d) operated
e) precisely
e) abrogated
e) delivered
5) A lot of companies have been adversely affected by the recession.

a) favourably
6)
c) sluggishly
d) vagueiy
e) steadily
t steadily rains when I go o london.

a) favourably b) sluggishly c) differently
b) punctually
d) vagueiy
e) briskly
7) The secretary made a copy of the decument.

a) cusorn
b) customs
c) receipt
d) score
e) pattern.
8 ) The minister was found to have appropriated government money.
a) delivered
b) emigrated c) omitted
d) performed
e) included
n
the
car
he
found
knives
and
other
lethal
weapons.
9)
a) vigorous
b) valuable
c) nervous
d) ruddy
e) calm
10) Don't upset yourself by thinking about what rnight have been,
a) make out
b) soothe
c) improve
d) operate
e) deliver

distressed,
fully,
company,
proceedirg,
carried out,
rule,
receipts,
uneasy,
laid dovvn
actually
1) The surgeon w h o ........... the operation said that it had been a success.
2) He was deeply ........... by his exam results.
3) The theatres ....... . for the vvinter were badly dovvn.
4)
5)
6)
7)
He vvorks for a ...........that makes pet food.

These price limits a r e ...........by the government,
The apartment was ........... furnished when we moved in.
After the speech there w a s ........... silence and nobody clapped.
8) The work i s ...........according to plan.
62
9)
10)
Did h e ......... attack you or jst threaien you?

t is a Club ......... that new nembers must sing a song.

1) More unemployment could stir new industrial...........in a country already beset
by social problems. (rest)
2) T h e ...........tension is the key to the plays fascination. (resolve)
3) There was an air o f ...........about the visit, as if I had stepped into another
world for two weeks. (real)
4) The government's efforts to solve the conflict vvould b e ... ......., said the president. (relent)
5) There are guards on the door to keep out th e ......... . . (desire)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
n the last few monihs of his illness he suffered.........pain. (endure)

Your work has been rather .........this term, Kerem, (even)
The authors scholarship i s ........... and her scope wide. (err)
The damage to my car is h a rd ly ............. (notice)
Motherhood seemed to her a n ...........cycle of cooking, washing and cleaning.
(end)
11) He vvould be remembered, said the leader, for h is ...........ioyalty and commitment to the party. (die)
12) The extreme cold vveather caught th e m .... ........ (prepare)
13) Like ali tyrannical leaders, Cneyt demanded ...........obedience from his follovvers. (question)
14) Schools that find it hard to recruit qualified teachers often have to employ on
...........ones. (qualify)
15) lm happy to accept y o u r............. (invite)
16) Stocks are regarded as good long-term ............. (invest)

126- circle (sr'kl) : evre, camia
cirde = sphere, peripherv, society,
round, donain, realm
Soylularn devam etlij kulbe yeni ye olan
SIR KLn EVRE de (circle) CAMAda pek
sevilmediini hayal edin.
She has a large circle of friends.
Most of our friends corne from the same
social sphere as we do.
Houses have been built on the periphery
on the factory site.
We live in a muitiracial society,
Everyone for a mile round heard the
explosion.
This problem lies outside the domain of
medical Science.
We knew that the music was leading us
into new realms of pleasure.
127- readilv (redili) : gnll olarak
readily = voluntarily, gladly,
vvillingly, freely, intentionally.
of your o\vn free vvill.
readilv x reluctantly : istemiyerek
Yeni iskambil oyununu arkadalarna reten
bir gen: ''imdi kimde YEDL varsa (re
adily) GNLL OLARAK oyuna balaya
bilir der
He readily agreed to ali our suggestions.
She wasn't fired or asked to resign; she
left voluntarily,
She vvanted some advice and I offered it
gladly
Some people tvould wi!lingly pay extra
taxes for betten public Services.
I freely admit I made many mistakes
I didnt ignore her intentionally - 1just didn t recognize her.
John confessed to the erime of his own
free vvill.
The losers reluctantly accepted defeat.
63
64
128- insistently (insistntli) : srarla
insistently = persistentlv, tenaciously.
forcefullv, incessantiy
insistently x uiliingiy : seve seve
Den bir uan enkazn inceleyen uzman:
O gn hava sisliydi. Uak alana NSE SS
TEND (kaza nedeni sisti) derdik. Baka ne
olabilir ki? diye ISRARLA (insistently) kaza
zerinde dnr.
He telephoned insistently, begging her to
return.
He has persistentiy ignored our advice.
She has fought tenaciously to mainfain
her authority in the city.
He argued forcefully that stricker laws
were necessary to deal with the problem.
Hell talk incessantiy about their new baby
if you give him the chance.
I'd give up my time vvillingly if I thought I
could help.
129- bluntlv (blAntli) : aka
bluntlv = clearlv, franklv, honestly,
straightfonvardlv, obviousiy,
directly
bluntly x equivocally : belirsizce
Kltrel gelimelerin tartld toplantda,
konumaclardan biri konuyu iyice datnca
bakam: Meseleyi bu kadar BULANDIRmaki (bluntly) hereyi AIKA konualm der.
She bluntly told me the bad news.
Clearly, you should teli her the truth.
Im frankly terrified every time I go on stage.
I can't honestly say what time lll be home.
I didnt teli anyone, straightforvrardly I didnt.
This key is obviousiy the wrong one.
The manager told me quite directly that
my work vvasnt good enough.
I equivocally remembered having met her
before.
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u r e u s a l
S z l k
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
130-thereby (dherbayl : bvlece

thereby = hence, so, thus, therefore,
consequently
thereby x because : nk
Zalim DEREBEY halknn balatt isyan
zar zor bastrr. Olay tarihe u cmleyle geer:
BYLECE (thereby) DEREBEY isyan
glkle bastrd.
She became a British Citizen, thereby
gaining the right to vote.
His mother was Italian, hence his name Luca.
1was getting tired so I came home.
They pianned to reduce waste and thus to
cut costs.
We are unable to get funding and there
fore had to abandon the project.
The bank refused to help the company :
consequently, it went bankrupt.
Because he was so late, he was driving
too fast.
131- run a risk (rAn e risk) : tehlikeye
(riske) girmek
run a risk = jeopardize, endanger,
imperil, hazard, threaten,
compromise
run a risk x protect : korumak
Gz kara bir insan olan Rana, srekli RSK
L ilere kalkr. Sonunda dostlan: Bu i de
RANA, RSKL (run a rise) Bu denli RSKE
GRMEK artk delilik olur diye onu uyarrlar.
You have to run a lo of risks if you want to
succeed in business.
f you are rude to him it may jeopardize
your chances of promotion.
There can be no doubt whatsoever that
smoking endangers your health.
The vvhole project is imperilled by lack of
funds.
1 hazarded ali my money in the attempt to
save the business.
The drought threatened their crops.
She compromised our position when she
told the enemy vvhere we were.
You wi!l need a thick coat to protect you
from the coid.
65
6 6
132- ioose (lus) : gevek

Ioose = slack, lax, relaxed. sloppy;
f'ree; vague
oose x tight : sert
tii meyva suyunda buz olmadn anlayan
bir mteri, garsona nedenini sorduunda:
"BUZ (Loose) daha GEVEK Donmam.
Tadn bozmak istemedim diye yant alr.
The radio vvasnt working because of a
loose connection in the vvires.
Business is slack now.
The companys standards are becoming
far too lax.
He was lying in he sun looking very
relaxed and happy.
At home I tend to wear big sloppy jumpers
and jeans.
You are free to go anyvvhere you wish.
Our holiday plans are stili rather vague.
The dravver is so tight I cant pen it.
133- cali off (kol f) : iptal etmek
cali off = nulify, cancel, annul, be off,
shelve, scrub
cali off x confirm : onaylamak
Yardmcs yeni model elbisenin kolunu bir
trl takamaynca. ba stilist: Yine mi KOL
OFF bu modeli (cali off) PTAL ETMEK da
ha hayrl olacak der.
The football match was called off because
of the snovv.
The refree nulified the goal, ruling that a
players hand had touched the ball.
The 8.10 train to zmir has been cancelled.
Jack's second marriage was annulled
because he never divorced his first wife.
Does his mean the vvedding is off?
Plans for a new airport terminal have been
shelved.
We havent really got enough rnoney for
the trip-lets scrub it. Shall we?
Her silence confirmed her guilty.
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
67
134- ongoing (an govvig) : sregelen,

srekli
ongoing = continued, uninterrupted,
constant, solid, continuous perpetual
ongoing x finished : bitmi
135-surm ise (srmayz) : sanmak,

tahmin etmek
surmise = anticipate, guess, reckon,
estimate, suppose, infer
.surmise x knorv : bilmek_____________
SIR MAYS. yeni alan ihaleyi direk olarak ken
di almak isteyince, mstear: "SIR MAYS (sur
mise) bu iler SANDIINIZ. TAHMN ETT
NZ gibi deil. haleye katlmanz lazm der.
As we surmised, he had not been elling
the truth.
They anticipate having several applicants
for the job.
You have guessed my secret.
None of us reckoned that he would bring
his vvfe.
I II try to estimate how much the furniture
is worth.
Do you suppose the Martian would be able
to understand you?
I infer from your letter that you have not
yet made a decision.
Do you know the ansvver to this guestion?
frb
No agreement has yet been reached the

negotiations ate stili ongoing.
The continued fighting in the city is causing great concern.
A long period of uninterrupted peace in the
region was ended when civil war broke out.
A nevv-born baby needs constant are
and attention.
After eight solid hours of driving, I was
exhausted.
The brain needs a continuous supply of
blood.
Her husband's perpetual jealously made
her feel anxious.
Ali the packing was finished and we were
ready to leave.
*''1
Futbol eletirmeni Ali Tenkiti, bir yazsnda

SREKL yenilgiler alan Mavibaheyi ele
tirirken: ON GOL yiyip (ongoing) SREGELEn yenilgilerine bir yenisini eklediler der.
6 8
136- obviate (abviyevt) : nlemek,

engellemek
obviate = prevent, forestall, stop,
forbid, oppose, prohibit
obviate x necessiate : gerektirmek;
zorunlu klmak
Sorumlu olduu spermarkette inceleme ya
pan bir genel mdr, etlerin buzdolabna ko
nulmadm farkedince: "Arkadalar O B ET
bozulmasn (obviate) NLEMEK, ENGEL
LEMEK sizlerin ii diye uyarda bulunur.
A peaceful solution wouid obviate the reed
to send a UN military force.
Is he trying to prevent me teaching English?
We guessed what they were planning and
decided to forestall ttem.
The train strike forbids his return home.
They did everything they could to oppose
her marriage.
The price prohibited us from buying it.
An important concert necessiates my
being in Berlin on Sunday.
137- appall (pP) : dehete drmek,
korkutmak
appall = petrify, frighten, alarm,
terrif'y, horrify, scare
appall x reassure : gvenini tazelemek
TV'de korku filmi izleyen PAUL'un ok
korktuunu hisseden ei: "AA PAUL bu film
ler seni tabii ki (appall) KORKUTUR. zleme
sen daha iyi olur" der.
I arn appalled at your attitude.
My new boss absolutely petrifies me.
The barking dog frightened the baby.
Tne smell of smoke in the house alarmed
me.
Heights terrify me.
This news will horrify my parents.
The loud clap of thunder scared us ali.
He reassured me that my cheque vvould
arrive soon.
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
138- tread (tred) : ayak basmak;

yrmek; ayak, altnda inemek
tread = step, pace, \valk, stride,
amble, stroll
Bahedeki menekelerin ezildiini gren de
de: "Bunu haylaz torunum FRED yapmtr,
(tread) AYAK BASMAK, AYAK ALTINDA
NEMEK onun iidir der.
Don't tread on the flovvers!
The conductor stepped down from the
podium.
The policeman paced up and down
Walk, dont run!
She strode purposefully up to the desk
and demanded to speak to the manager.
t was stili eariy so we ambled along.
We strolled along the path listening to the
birds and crickets.
139- avert : baka tarafa evirmek;
nlemek
avert (virt) = divert, turn a\vay,
deflect; prevent, \vard-off, fend off
avert x direct : yneltmek
Bir ngiliz Dili uzman verdii konferansta:
"A WORD (bir kelimenin) yerinde kullanl
mamas. anlam (avert) BAKA TARAFA
EVRMEKle edeerdir der.
The polie officer averted his gaze/eyes
from the mutilated corpse
Nothing could divert his thoughts his
wife's sudden death
She turned her head avvay when the little
girl tried to kiss her.
The bullet deflected when it hit the tree.
Label your suitcases to prevent confusion.
Brushing your teeth regularly helps to
ward off tooth decay.
He fended off the difficult questions.
Their efforts were directed towards helping the homeless.
69
70
140- ingenuity (ncnuNvti) : yaratclk,

hner
ingenuity = talent, flair, ability, skill,
creativity, cleverness
ingenuity x stupidity : aptallk
Bir gen modac ksa srede ok baarl olun
ca, rakiplerinden biri: "N M CN mi bilmem
ama bu adam da olaan st bir (ingenuity)
YARATICILIK var der.
t took some ingenuity to squeeze ali the
furniture into the little room.
He has a talent for dravving,
She has a flair for vvriting poetry.
She has a remarkable ability to summarize an argument in a few vvords..
Reading and vvriting are two different skills.
Creativity, ingenuity and flair are the
songvvriter's real talents.
Everyone was impressed by the clever
ness of the machine.
Her stupidity is beyond belief sometimes.
141- greedy (gridi) : a gzl, obur
greedv = insatiable, selfish,
self-centred, mercenarv, spoilt,
possessive
greedy x generous : cmert
Geen haftaki dnde herkes srekli yemek
yiyen A GZL. OBUR adamn ne renk el
bise giydiini merak eder. lerinden biri:
"Buldum! Elbisenin rengi GRYD (greedy)
ok OBUR bir adamd der.
Msra is greedy for povver / success
Like so many politicians Jack has an insa
tiable desire / hunger for povver.
She acted from purely selfish motives.
He was too self-centred to notice how
unhappy Ruth was.
t was purely mercenary considerations
that made me accept the job.
Spoilt childern arent usually popular,
Don't be so possessive! Let the others
play vvith the kitten too.
t was most generous of you to lend me
the money.
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
71
142- underprivileged (Andrpriv'lcdl :

sosyal haklardan yoksun
underprivileged = deprived, needy, in
need, poor, penniless, impoverished
underprivileged x privileged : sosyal
haklara sahip, ayrcalkl
Kocasnn cimriliinden bkan kadn, sonunda
dayanamayp: ALDIR PRL ve PRN (un
derprivileged) SOSYAHAKLARDAN
YOKSUNsun desem deilsin ki" diye sitem
eder.
The charity raises money for holidays for
the underprivileged.
They live in a deprived area of stanbul.
Ali profits from the concert vvill go to help
needy children / children in need
These cuts vvill hit the poorest members of
society.
Her father died leaving them penniless.
Todays youngesters do seem to be culturally impoverished.
As an ambassador, Dr. Msra enjoys a
very privileged status.
Kuds'te turistlere bilgi veren rehber. ESK

bir yapy anlatrken: FLSTNlilerde kal
ma (pristine) ESK ZAMANA AT. ama BO
ZULMAMI, ASLI gibi" der.
Washing machine for sale-only two
months old and in pristine condition
He gave an immacuiate performance as
the aging hero.
Is this an original Rembrant?
That film was pre Disney.
VVhile I was shopping I got some new jeans.
Most of the east cost remains mercifully
untouched by tourism.
She said that when her house was burgled, it made her feel defiled.
c ^ O H D ;
143- pristine (prstin) : eski zamana ait;

asl, bozulmam
pristine = immacuiate, original, pre,
new, untouched
pristine x defled : bozuk
72
144- extradite (ekstrdayt) : sulular iade

et(tir)mek
extradite = surrender, give in,
succumb, yield, relinguish
extradite x hold : direnmek__________
Ad bir olaya karan KARA Joenun ADES
istenince, lkenin bakan: SULUYU A
DE ETTRMEK iin extra DAYATMAya
(extradite) ihtiya var der.
(extra dayatma = extra zorlama)
She will be extradited to Turkey frorn Italy.
After three days, the hijackers surrendered to the polie.
The boys fought until one yave in.
They held out tor some hours in the face
of our persuasive offer, but eventually
they succumbed.
We will not yield to pressure, said the
president.
She has relinguished her daim to the
throne.
Can our line hold, or will the enemy push
us back?
145- zeal (zil) : heves, istek
zeal = verve, eagerness, ardour,
passion, enthusiasm, fervour
zeal x apathy : kaytszlk, hissizlik
Yeni kurulan bandoya ZLci arayan blk ko
mutan: "inizde ZL almaya (zeal) HEVESli. STEKli onlanlar bir adm ne ksn"
diye emir verir.
n his zeal to get his work finished on time,
he made a lot of mistakes.
She delivered her speech with trernendous wit and verve.
n their eagerness to find a solution they
may have overlooked certain financial difficulties.
They shovved great ardour for the cause
of helping deprived children.
She has a consuming passion for romantic fiction.
After the accident he lost his enthusiasm
for the sport.
There is grovving sense of nationalist fer
vour in the State.
We lost the election because of the apa
thy of our supporters.
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
146- enervate (enrveyt) : zayflamak;

moralini bozmak
enervate = enfeeble, vveaken;
demoralize, discourage,
dishearten, depress
enervate x invigorate : canlandrmak,
kuvvetlendirmek
Snav balar balamaz ENVER kadm verip
kmak isteyince, ngilizce retmeni: EN
VER W AT (enervate) MORALN BOZ
MAK sana yakmyor. Hem durumunu daha
da ZAYIFLATACAKSIN der.____________
Ali was enervated by his long illness.
Internal conflicts are enfeebling the government.
May factors vveaken a body's ability to
combat infection.
Being out of work for a long time is very
demoralizing.
The thought of how much work she had to
do discouraged her.
This defeat has really disheartened the
team.
The threat of war has depressed business
activity.
While controlling social unrest they are also
trying to invigorate the economy.
147- invincible (invinsbl) : yenilmez
invincible = unbeatable, invulnerable,
indomitable
invincible x vulnerable : zedelenir,
incinebilir
Rakibini nasl yeneceini dnen SBEL'e
ngiliz antrenr: Sahaya N WIN SBIL (in
vincible) sen YENLMEZsin der.
The young boxer thinks he is invincible.
The 21-year-old US tennis star looks
unbeatable this year.
The command bunker is virtually invul
nerable even to a nuclear attack.
He was a symbol of indomitable courage,
Troops were in a vulnerable position,
completely exposed to attack from the air.
73
74
148-haphazard (haphaz'rd) : geliigzel,
rastgele
haphazard = random, casuai, ciance,
arbitrary, coincidental, accidental
haphazard x deliberate : kasti
HAZAR Denizi'nde GELGZEL petrol
arayan mhendisler, sonunda: "Eer petrol
HEP HAZAR'da (haphazard) GELGZEL
aramaya devam edersek, bulamayz derler.
He tackled the problem in a typically hap
hazard manner,
We asked a random sample / selection of
people what they thought.
I just had a casuai glance af the nevvspaper.
I've been waiting for a chance like this ali
my wife.
I made an arbitrary choice of the black
shoes instead of the brown ones.
t was coincidental that we both went to
the movies yesterday.
Dont angry with him for breaking the window because it was purely accidental.
We made a deliberate decision to live
apart for a while.
149- digress (daygres) : yoldan kmak,
ana konudan ayrlmak
digress = deviate, diverge, drift,
wander, strav
_________________ i l __________
AT gress yama basp var pistinden knca:
TAY GRESe bast (digress) YOLDAN IK
TI" denilir.
Let me digress for a moment and explain
wha had happened previously.
Perihan never deviates from her regular
habits.
This is vvhere opinions diverge from each
other.
The conversation drifted from one subject
to another.
Don't wander off the point.
Her thoughts strayed from the subject.
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u rg u s a l
S z l k
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
75
S z l k
150- omit (omit) : yapmamak, atlamak,

brakmak
omit = overlook, ignore, neglect.
exclude, disregard
omit x include : iermek, dahil etmek
Yanllkla gzaltna alnan MT' gren de
dektif: O MT (omit) ben onu tanyorum
BIRAKMAK zorundayz" der.
n vvriting this report lve omitled ali unnecessary details.
No one will be overlooked in selection of
the national team.
If she ignores my advice, she must accept
the consequences.
You have been neglecting your work.
We can not exc!ude the possibility that his
wife killed him.
She completely disregarded ali our objections.
Do you think l'm included in the invitation?
circle
readily
insistently
bluntly
thereby
run a risk
loose
cali off
ongoing
surmise
obviate
appall
tread
avert
evre, camia
gnll olarak
srarla
aka
bylece
tehlikeye (riske) girmek
gevek
iptal etmek
sregelen, srekli
sanmak, tahmin etmek
nlemek, engellemek
dehete drmek,
korkutmak
ayak basmak;
yrmek; ayak altnda
inemek
baka tarafa evirmek;
nlemek
ingenuity
yaratclk, hner
greedy
a gzl, obur
underprivileged sosyal haklardan
pristine
extradite
zeal
enervate
invincible
haphazard
digress
omit
yoksun
eski zamana ait; as
bozulmam
sulular iade
et(tir)mek
heves, istek
zayflamak; moralini
bozmak
yenilmez
geliigzel, rastgele
yoldan kmak, ana
konudan ayrlmak
yapmamak, atlamak
brakmak
............................................................-..............................-.........-......-..-.
- J
76
126.
150. Altrmalar

1) Let m e ........... for a moment and explain what had happened
a) digress
b) omit
c) enervate
d) extradite
2) Can our line .. .........or wi!l the enemy push us back?
b) enervate
c) extradite
d) omit
a) digress
...
for
povver
/
success.
Msra
i
s
.........
3)
a) ongoing
b) tight
c) generous
d7 greedy
4) An accident w a s ...........by her guick thinking.
a) extradited
b) invigorated c) digressed
d) averted
5) Ali w a s .......... . by his long illness.
a) protected
d) directed
b) surmised
c) enervated
As
vve...........
,
he
had
not
been
telling
the
truth.
6)
a) called off
b) surmised
c) jeopardized d) omitted
7) Is he trying to ....... . me teaching English?
a) prevent
b) cali off
c) digress
d) omit
8) She has a la rg e ...........of friends.
a) stupidity
b) circle
c) talent
d) zeal
9) The young boxer thinks he i s .............
a) haphazard b) greedy
c) random
d) deliberate
10) l ...........vvashing the dishes
b) digress
c) tate
a) prevent
d) surmise
previously.
e) invigorate
e) hold
e) deliberate
e) directed
e) invigorated
e) digressed
e) surmise
e) apahy
e) invincible
e) enervate

1) Perihan never deviates from her regular habits
a) digresses
b) enervates c) extradites
d) invigorates e) obviates
The
21-year-old
US
tennis
star
looks
unbeatable
this vear.
2)
a) vulnerable
b) greedy
c) generous
d) mean
e) invincible
3) He tackled the problem in a typically haphazard manner.
a) random
b) generous
c) vulnerable
d) invincible
e) composed
4) Internal conflicts are enteebling the government.
a) ornmitting
b) extraditing c) enervating
d) invigorating e) excluding
5) n his zeal to get his work finished on time, he made a lot of mistakes.
a) apahy
b) verve
c) surgeon
d) awkwardness e) custom
6) VVashing machine for sale-only two months old an in pristine condition,
a) ciumsy
b) awkward
c) invincible
d) immacuiate e) random
7) Like so many politicians Jack has an insatiable desire for povver..
a) greedy
b) philanthropic c) mean
d) generous
e) ciumsy
8) As an ambassador, Dr. Tue EN enjoys a very privileged status.
a) vulnerable
b) elite
c) unbeatable d) mean
e) greedy
9) The charity raises money for holidays for the underprivileoed.
a) elite
b) mean
c) ciumsy
d) needy
e) invincible
K e l im e
10)
E z b e r le te n
K u r a u s a l
77
S z l k
t a took some ingenuity to squeeze ali the furniture into the little room.
a) cstom
b) talent
c) stupidity
d) verve
e) apathy

1) The troops were in a vulnetable position, completely exposed to attack from
2)
the air.
a) greedy
b) generous
c) mean
d) invincible
e) haphazard
VVhile controlling social unrest they're also trying to invigorate the economy.
a) enervate
b) digress
c) deviate
d) extradite
e) tread
3) He is greedy for success.

a) avaricions
b) generous
c) deprived
d) random
e) pristine
4) She has a flair for vvriting poetry.

a) talent
b) zeal
c) stupidity
d) a verve
She
will
be
extradited
to
Turkey
from
Italy.
5)
a) surrendered b) enervated c) demoralized d) digressed
6 ) We made a deliberate decision to live apart for a vvhile.
a) privileged
b) endurable
c) vulnerable
d) random
7) Do you know the ansvver to this question?
a) cali off
b) nulify
c) surmise
d) run a risk
Youll
need
a
thick
coat
to
protect
you
from
the
cold.
8)
a) anticipate
b) cali off
c) annul
d) confirm
e) enthusiasm
e) held
e) pristine
e) protect
e) jeopardize
9) No agreernent has yet been reached the negotiations are stili ongoing.
a) finished
b) privileged
c) vulnerable
d) pristine
e) avaricious
10) The radio vvasnt vvorking because of a loose connection in the wires.
a) slack
b) ongoing
c) tigft
d) avaricious e) vulnerable

invigorate,
ignores,
invincible,
demoralizing.
deviates,
apathy,
chance,
relinguished,
exclude,
pre
1) VVhile controlling social unrest they're also trying t o ...........the economy.

2 ) The young boxer thinks he i s .............
3) She n e v e r...........from her regular habits.
4) I've been vvaiting for a ...........like this ali my life.

5) We can n o t...........the possibility that his wife killed him.
6) if s h e ...........my advice, she must accept the consequences.
7) Being out of work for a long time is v e ry .............

8 ) We lost the election because of th e ...........of our supporters.
9) She h a s ...........her daim to the throne.

10) That film w a s ...........Disney,
78
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k

1)
2)
3)
4)
He lo o ke d ...........at the pile of cream cakes. (greedy)

He le a n ed ...........out of the window.. (hazard)
n July, Bodrum often has hot, humid a n d ............. (enervate)
When my mother became ........... by age and illness, I gave up my job to are
for her. (enfeeble)
5) The pain was bad be yo n d ............. (endure)
6) When the pain became no lo n g e r..........., he took some pain-killers. (endure)
7) This type of music has a n ...........appeal. (epdure)
8)
9)
10)
11)
The vvhole play w a s ...........acted. (appall)

The journey home w a s ............. (appall)
The kitchen i s ...........clean. (spot)
...........she left the room, leaving her child to sleep. (sound)
12) Above the mountain, eagles circled i n ...........flight. (sound)

13) He's b e e n ...........carying out the tasks he's been given. (zeal)
14) t was thanks to a ...........member of the public that the bomb was discovered
before it went off. (zeal)
15) If you are rude to him it may jeopardize your chances o f ............. (promote)
16) We made a deliberate...... . to live apart for a vvhile. (decide)
151. -175. Kelimeler

151- detest (ditest) : nefret etmek
detest = abhor, hate, loathe, despise,
dislike, abominate
detest x love : sevmek
statistik dersinde renciler D-TEST'ten
(detest) NEFRET EDERLER. nk ezber
lenmesi gereken bir sr forml vardr.
He detests people who teli lies.
I abhor ali forms of racism.
I hate washing the dishes.
I loathe having to tidy my room.
They despised him for not daring to face
the enemy.
I dislike having to get up early.
He abominates curelty of ali kinds.
She loves this warm weather.
152- goal (gol) : ama, hedef
goal = aim, purpose, intention, object,
target, objeetive
Bir teknik direktr, ma sonras verdii de
mete: "AMA GOL (goal) atmakt. Bu
AMACA ulatk" der.
The company has achieved ali its goals
this year.
The aim of the meeting was to reach
agreement about next years prices
The purpose of this organization is to help
homeless people.
He is full of good intentions but he never
does anytfing about thern.
The object of the research is to find a cure
for this illness.
The enemys main target is our oil refinery.
This company is continually failling to
achieve its objectives.
79
80
153- hint (hint) : ipucu, st kapal sz

hint = clue, sign, tip, indication, key
Hindistan gezen bir turist, ivi stnde yatan
bir HNTiyi grnce: Bunu nasl yapyor.
Keke bir PUCU (hint) verse der.
He gave no hint that he was in pain.
ll! never guess the ansvwer - give me
another clue!
His inability to handle the situation is a
sign of weakness.
She gave a practical tip about / for growing tomatoes.
There are some indications that interest
rates will soon fail.
There is a key underneath the diagram
that explains the symbols.
154- esteem (istim) : saymak,
hrmet etmek
esteem = respect, admire,
think highly of, look up to, regard,
lonour
Hitlerin zel birlii "ES ES TMleri o d
nemde (esteem) SAYGI GRDLER.
His work is highly estemeed by ali his colleaques.
Jack deeply respects his uncle for what
he has achieved.
I have alvvays adnnired his paintings.
The boss thought very highly of her and
was planning to promote her.
The children need a father, someone they
can look up to.
I have alvvays regarded him with the
greatest admiration.
Today the king honoured us with/by his
presence.
He scorned the view that inflation was
already beaten.
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
155- irritate (irteyt) : sinirlendirmek,

kzdrmak
irritate = annoy, anger, aggravate,
hassle, exasperate, nettle, enrage
irritate x soothe : sakinletirmek,
yattrmak
Asistann hazrlad projeyi beenmeyen b
lm bakan: Bunu bir de dier hocalarna
RDELET demesi gen asistan (irritate) S
NRLENDRR, KIZDIRIR,
I was intensely irritated by tle way she
spoke to me,
What annoys me is the way Jane vvont
listen to other people's suggestions.
She looked up at me sharply, clearly nettled by the interruption.
When the visitors teased the monkeys it
angered the zoo-keeper.
Don't aggravate the teacher by shuffling
your teeth.
Don't hassle me when lm tired.
Kevin exasperated us with his stubborness.
Her cheeky questions enraged the teacher,
t was difficult to soothe her because she
was very frightened of the attack._______
156- meticulous (mtkyls) : ar titiz
meticulous = fussy, fastidious,
painstaking, conscientious,
diligent, careful
meticulous x skpdash : dikkatsiz
Orkestra efi Metinin AIRI TTZ olmas m
zisyenleri yldrr. Hep bir azdan: Biz ME
TNe KILIZ (meticulous) AIRI TTZ" derler,
Many hours of meticulous preparaion have
gne into writing the book.
He is so fussy about the house - everything has to be absolutely perfect,
She is so fastidious that she cleans her
teeth after every meal.
t took months of painstaking research to
vvrite the book.
The conscientious nurse was praised by
the doctor.
The diligent vvorker was prornoted to foreman.
She is a careful mother.
Jack is very slapdash with his work.
8 1
82
157-invalid (in'valid) : hasta

invalid = ili, sick, diseased, ailing.
bad-healtl
invalid x healthy : salkl
Ateli HASTA olduu bir gn VELDi erik
aacnn tepesinde gren annesi: Aaya N1
VELD (invalid) zaten HASTAsm" der.
Maurice Andre looked after his invalid
mother for many years.
I felt ili, so ( went home.
My father has been sick for a long time.
The bush looked badly diseased, with
black marks on ali the leaves.
He asked for some time off work so that
he could visit his ailing mother.
She has been in very bad health (=ill)
recently.
The business showed a healthy profit in
its first year.
158-enroll (inroi!) : ye olarak kaydetmek
enroll = enlist, recruit. matriculate,
sign up/on
stanbul Tiyatro Kliib'ne "EN ROL yapan
EROL un (enroll) YE OLARAK KAYDE
DLDN" hayal edin.
Davis decided to enroll in the history course
at the local evening school.
He enlisted when he was 18.
Even young boys are now being recruited
to the army.
He matriculated in 1997 and graduated in
2001 .
My brother has signed up/on as a soldier.
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
159- embezzle (mbezl) : zimmetine

geirmek
embezzle = purloin, steal, take, piifer,
nick, thieve
Yaplan bir hata sonucu, bir miktar paray
zimmetine geirmekle sulanan memur, akla
nnca: Byle bir EMBESLLK yapar m
ym? Bakasna ait bir eyi (embezzle) ZM
METNE GERMEK en kt eydir der.
He embezzled iarge amounts of money to
finance his gambling.
He cortplained Ihat his brother alvvays
purloining his clothes.
My car has been solen!
Someone has been taking money from
the fili.
Stop pilfering biscuits from the tin.
Someone nicked my pen.
Who thieved my bike?
160- reconcile (rek'nsayl) : bartrmak;
uzlatrmak
reconcile = conciliate, pacifv, settie
reconcile x alienate : soutmak,
vazgeirmek
Bulmaca yarmasnda cevaplan izleyen uz
man: "Bu soruda RE harfi KONSAYDI (re
concile) BARITIRMAK: UZLATIRMAK
anlamna gelirdi"' der.
How do you reconcile your political principles with your religious beliefs?
An independent adviser has been brought
in to conciliate betvveen the two sides
involved in the conflict
Attempts to pacify the country have so far
failed.
it has been settled that Jack will preseni
the report to the comrrittee.
Ali these changes to the nevvspaper have
alienated its traditional readers.
83
84
161- exploit (ksployt) : istismar etmek,

ktye kullanmak
exploit = misuse, abuse, manipulate,
capitalize on, use
Havayolu irketi mdr: Bu EX PLOT'u
neden iten kardnz? diye sorunca, yardm
cs: EX PLOT (exploit) grevini STS
MAR ETT, KTYE KULLANDI deri
ex: nceki, eski, anlamnda nek (ex-wife, exhusband vs.)
Laws exist o stop companies exploiting
their employees.
He has been accused of misusing companys funds to pay for personal expenses.
I never expected that he would abuse the
trust 1placed in him.
He adores his wife and she manipulates
him shamelessly.
Teachers can capitalize on young childrens natural curiosity
The prisoners used the confusion caused
by the fire to conceal their escape.
162- annul (nAP) : feshetmek, iptal etmek
annul = abrogate, revoke, repeal,
cancel, nullify, abolish
annul x confrm : onaylamak
Yardmcs, NALn almasndan memnun
olmayan patronu: "NALin szlemesini (an
nul) FESHETMEKte baka arem yok der.
His second rnarriage was annulled because
he never divorced his first wife.
The treaty was abrogated in 1999
He had his licence revoked.
Five countries repealed their anti-discrimination laws last vveek.
I hink T cancell the theatre tickes and
get my money back.
The State death penaity law was nullified
in 1998.
"A law was passed to abolish siavery.
This new evidence confirms my opinion
that they are lying.
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r a u s a l
S z l k
163- refined (rifaynd) : zarif, kibar;

dakik, tam
refined = elegant, genteel, kind;
punctual, exact, precise
refined x unkind : kaba_____________
ngilizce bulmaca zen bir renci, en son "R
harfini de bulunca: RE FNE (refined) demek,
bu kelime ZARF anlamna geliyormu" der.
She is so terribly refined-i really cant
imagine her using foul language.
She is an elegant vvoman.
She always talks in such a genteel voice
vvhen she's on the phone.
t was very kind of you to visit me when I
was ili.
He is a very punctual student.
Please teli me the exact date.
Do you know the precise time?
t was unkind of you to take his rattle
away.
164- coerce (kovvrs) : zorlamak,
mecbur etmek
coerce = force, bully, compel, drive,
bulldoze, intimidate
coerce x coax : gnln yapmak
evreyi kirletir diye KUVARS yataklarnn
iletilmesine kyller kar knca, maden sa
hibi: KUVARSn kartlmas iin gerekirse
onlar (coerce) ZORLAMAK mecburiyetine
kalabiliriz der.
The defendant claimed that he had been
coerced into making a confession.
The thief forced them to hand ver the
money.
He bullied us into agreeing with him.
They can compel us to go to school.
I alvvays drive myself hard to get my work
finished on time.
You cant bulldoze us into going if we dont
want to.
They tried to intimidate him into doing
what they vvanted.
The children had to be coaxed into going
to school.
8 5
86
165- durable (d rb i) : dayankl, salam:
devaml, srekli
durable = lasting, strong, resistant.
pernanent, everiasting, perennial
durable x perishable : dayanksz
Buyan mteri mallan beenmeyince, esnaf:
"DUR ABLE (durable) bunlar DAYANIR
Ll'dr" der.
This is a durable fabric highly suilable for
children's clothes.
His policies had a lasting effect on our
countrys economy.
There were strong indications that she
intended to resign.
This nevv iype of infection is resistant to
antibiotics.
She is looking for a perm, nent place to stay.
Im sick of your everiasting nomplaints.
Jill is a perennial trouble - maker and is
ahvays being punished.
t is important to store perishable food in a
cool place.
166- sizeable (sayz b l): geni, byk
sizeable = large, big, immense,
gigantic, vast, enermous
sizeable x tiny : kk
Bayan mteri iman okluunu GEN ve
BYK beden istediini syler. Pazarc m
teriyi karmak istemez: "Bunlar SZE ABLA
(sizeable) GEN ve BYK bedenler" diye
rek ikna etmeye alr.
Charlie PARKER made a sizeable income
from renting his land.
A large proportion of the audience consisted of women.
Turkey is much bigger than Greece.
60 milion years ago, the whole area was
an immense marsh.
The boat was sunk by a gigantic wave.
Vast areas of the Amazon rainforest have
been destroyed.
The distances between cities in Russia
are simply enermous.
The Conservatives won the elections by
the tiniest margin.
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u rs u s u !
S z l k

167-amenabie (mi'nbl) : uysal; sorumlu
amenable = agreeable. tlexible.
susceptible; responsible,
accountable, ansvverable
anenable x obstinate : inat
Bayan mteri papaan gsterip: "UYSAL
mdr diye sorunca dkkan sahibi: "AMAN
ABLA (amenable) ok UYSAL dr" der.
They are nice, amenable dogs if they are
trained in the right way.
The talks are aimed at finding a mutually
agreeable solution.
The staff would prefer flexible vvorking
hours to fixed ones.
She isnt very susceptible to persuasion/pressure..
Esra is responsible for ordering new cars.
You will be accountable to me for Office
discipline.
I'm answerable to the directors for Office
discipline..
Zoot SIMS is getting so obstinate; he is
going to be just like his father!
168- assert (srt'): iddia etmek; ne

srmek; teyit etmek
assert = allege, daim, declare,
maintain, affirm, aver
assert x disclaim : inkr etmek
Yeni seilen bir milletvekili, ilk konumasn
da muhalefet partilerinden youn tepkiler
alnca, parti bakan: "Bir fikri NE SRER
KEN veya birey DDA EDERKEN daha AZ
SERT (assert) olmalsn" diye onu uyarr.
The convict asserted his right to speak in
his own defence.
t was alleged that Jack had struck Mr.
Smith on the head.
He claims to have met the President, but I
don't believe him.
He has repeatedly declared that he will
not join a coalition government.
Even after four years in jail he stili maintained his innocence,
The delegates affirmed the right to freedom of speech
The barrister averred her clients innocence.
She disclaimed ali responsibility for the
mistake.
87

169- malign fmlayn) : iftira etmek
malign = denigrate, traduce, slander.
defame, blacken, vilify
malign x praise : vmek
Kendisine FTRA EDEN yakn dostuna ier

leyen arkada iinden: " O MLAYM bir in
sandr. Bana nasl (malign) FTRA EDER"
diye kzar.
G. Mahler was maligned by the nevvspapers.
I was very hurt when he denigrated my
efiorts.
Yamur claimed that she had been traduced by the press.
The shop assistant was found quilty of
slandering his employer.
She said that the articie had defamed her
as a Nar.
French spokesmen took pains not to
blacken the image of their country.
He was vilified for making those broadcasts.
The President praised the efforts of the
security forces in combating terrorism.
170- appraisal (preyz!) : kymet, deer
bime
appraisal = evaluation, estimate,
valuation, assessment, approximation
Ak artrmada bilgi veren, szde uzman tan

yan bir antikac: EP REZL biri olarak tan
nr. (appraisal) KIYMET. DEER BME
onun uzmanlk alan olamaz" der.
Not: konuan kiinin H harfini syleye
mediini varsaynz.
Wha is your appraisal of the situation?
The evaluation of a students works takes
time.
My estimate of the cost was about right.
For the purpose of valuation, expected
Capital gains can be ignorned.
Assessment of your symptoms will take a
vvhile, l'rr afraid.
The number quoted was orly an approximation.

171- assuage (sueyc) : azaltmak,
hafifletmek; tatmin etmek,
yumuatmak
assuage = soften, relieve, mitigate,
soothe, alleviate, ease
assuage x aggravate : kzdrmak;
abartmak
sve'ten ithal edilen etleri satan market sa

hibi, bir mterinin: Acaba sert mi?" diye
sorduunu duyunca: Beyefendi SVE eti
dir, (assuage) YUMUATMAK gerekmez
der.
Not even his promotion to managing
director assuaged his desire for power.
The news will upset him-we must think of
a way to soften the blow.
The news that they were safe relieved us.
Being polite now is not going to mitigate
Nihan's earlier rudeness.
The soft music soothed me.
Talking to my parents alleviated my vvorry.
The news that the doctor was coming
eased his mind.
Jack and Ali were aggravated by what she
said.
172- affair (ferI : i; olay
affair = business; matter, event, duty,
incident, subject, circumstance
Kurtulu Savat'nda, Aydn yresinde yerine

getirilmesi gereken etin bir grev vardr.
Alay komutam sonunda: Bu akrcal
Mehmet EFE YE verdim. Bu i (affair) EFE
." Blgeyi iyi tanyor der.
The President's handling of the affair has
been criticised.
t is a pleasure to do business with you.
Divorce is alvvays a traumatic matter.
The bcok examines the events leading up
to the outbreak of war.
I feel it is my duty to help them.
t was a rather embarrassing incident.
I wrote a book on the subject of sailing.
She died in rather rnysterious circumstances.
89
90
173-salan (sal'n) : maa, cret
salary = \vage, pay, fee, incone,
pension
Cimrilii ile nam salan patronuna kzan bir i

i: "SAL ELN (salary) cebine de CRETlerimize zam yap der.
His net monthly salary is S 25.000.
He gets / earns good vvages.
Most people try to save some of their pay.
Our school fees are for tuition and the use
of sporting equipment.
You have to pay tax on your income
They find it hard to live on their State pen
sion
174- ise (\vayz) : akll, tedbirli; deneyimli
wi.se = intelligent, dever. brilliant,
prudent, cautious: experienced.
prof'essional, veteran
wise x foolish : aptal
Vaaz bitmi, cemaat dalmaktadr. ki arka

da aralarnda konuurken: "mamn verdii
VAAZ (wise) ne kadar AKILLI cayd" derler.
Are you really resigning? Do you think
thats wise?
Human beings are much more intelligent
than animals
She is clever at maths.
Our most brilliant pupil won a scholarship
when he went to university
t is prudent to carry an umbrella if you
think it might rain.
She is a very cautious driver.
She is an experienced hang-giider.
He is a professional golfer.
He is a veteran soldier.
He was vvearing his usuai foolish expression.
91

175- abhor tabhr') : nefret etmek
abhor = hate, detest, abominate.
loathe, despise. disgust
abhor x adore : hayran olmak
Psikoloji uzman muayene sonras, hastasna:

"evrende HEP HOR grlmsn, (abhor)
Baz eylerden NEFRET ETMEN bu yzden"
der.
1 abhor cruelty to animals.
She hated the cold dark days of vvinter.
I detest having to repeat myself.
I abominate curelty of ali kinds.
I loathe having to tidy my room.
They despised him for not daring to face
the enemy
The way they treat their children disgusts
me.
He adores his wife.
: detest
i goal
; hint
i esteem
* irritate
m eticulous
invalid
enroll
s em bezzie
reconcile
exploit
annul
; refined
coerce
v .............. ,
nefret etmek
ama, hedef
ipucu, st kapal sz
saymak, hrmet etmek
sinirlendirmek,
kzdrmak
ar titiz
hasta
ye olarak kaydetmek
zimmetine geirmek
bartrmak:
uzlatrmak
istismar etmek,
ktye kullanmak
feshetmek, iptal etmek
zarif, kibar; dakik, tam
zorlamak, mecbur
durable
sizeable
am enabie
assert
malign
appraisal
assuage
affair
salary
wise
abhor
etmek
!
: dayankl, salam:
devaml, srekli
: geni, byk
: uysal; sorumlu
: iddia etmek; ne
srmek; teyit etmek
: iftira etmek
: kymet, deer bime
: azaltmak, hafifletmek, ;
tatmin etmek,
yumuatmak
: i; olay
; maa, cret
: akll, tedbirli;
deneyimli
: nefret etmek
..................... s
151.
92
175. Altrmalar
Find he righi word almas (151-175)

1) H e ...........people who teli lies
a) detests
b) admires
c) adores
d) assuages
e) relieves
2) I d e e p ly........... Cem for what he has achieved
c) daim
a) assuage
b) assert
d) disclaim
e) respect
3) Polie have stili found no .... ..... as to the vvhereabouts of the missing c
man..
a) fraud
b) aim
c) goal
d) clues
e) affair
4) They're n ic e ... ...... dogs if theyre trained in the right way.
a) obstinate
b) amenable c) sizeable
d) perishable e) unkind
5) Divorce is always a traumatic .
a) goal
b) aim
c) fraud
d) clue
e) matter
G.
Mahler
vvas
...........by
the
press.
6)
a) maligned
b) aileged
c) confirmed
d) revoked
e) cancelled
7) She's so te rrib ly ...........I really can't imagine her using foul language
a) amenable
b) refined
c) sizeable
d) assiduous e) invalid
8) T h e ...........vvorker vvas promoted to foreman.
c) diligent
a) slapdash
b) invalid
d) H
e) unkind
A
law
vvas
passed
t
o
...........slavery.
9)
a) coax
d) assert
b) allege
c) respect
e) abolish
10) T h e ...........of a students work takes time.
a) evaluation
b) goal
c) clue
d) salary
e) affair

He gave no hint that he was in pain.
a) purpose
b) clue
c) target
d) affair
2 ) The purpoe of this organization is to help homeless people
a) clue
b) affair
c) wage
d) deceit
I
deeply
respect
Jack
for
what
he
has
achieved.
3)
a) esteem
b) irritate
c) soothe
d) enroll
1
e) wage
e) goal
e) embezzle
4) His second marriage was apjulled because he never divorced his first wife.
a) detested
b) abrogated
c) irritated
d) enroed
e) esteemed
How do you reconcile your political principles with your religious beliefs?
a) irritate
b) conciliate
c) opt for
d) esteem
e) detest
My
father
has
been
ick
for
a
long
time.
)
a) sizeable
b) invalid
c) urkind
d) durable
e) amenable
7) His net monthly alary is $ 25.000.
a) wage
b) matter
c) affair
d) clue
e) hint
8 ) The convict asserted his right to speak in his own defence.
a) coerced
b) irritated
c) aileged
d) maligned
e) detested
5)
93
9) The defendant claimed that he had been coetced into making a confession.
a) maligned
b) praised
c) disclaimed
d) forced
e) coaxed
10) Ziya decided to enrojj in the history course at the local evening school.
e) malign
c) embezzle
d) steal
b) enlist
a) coerce
ntonym alm as (151-175)

1) I was intensely irritated by the way she spoke to me.
a) embezzled
b) enlisted
c) enrolied
d) annulled
2) The State death penalty law was nuilified in 1998.
a) confirmed
b) embezzled c) coerced
d) coaxed
3) This is a durable fabric highly suitable for childrens clothes.
a) lasting
b) amenable c) perishable
c) sizeable
4) Charlie Parker made a sizeable income from renting his land.
a) large
b) tiny
c) amenable
d) obstinat^
e) soothed
e) enrolied
e) tiny
e) durable
5) They can compel us to go to school.

a) pacify
b) reconcile
c) annul
d) force
e) coax
6) Many hours of meticulous preparation have gne into vvriting the book.
a) slapdash
b) fussy
c) sizeable
d) durable
e) large
7) My father has been ick for a long time.
a) amenable
b) healthy
c) fussy
d) meticulous e) durable
8) His work is highly esteemed by ali his colleagues.
a) annulled
b) forced
c) scorned
d) coaxed
e) embezzled
9) She looked up at me sharply, clearly nettled by the interruption.
a) soothed
b) forced
c) confirmed
d) scorned
e) anulled
10) I abhor ali forms of racism
a) force
b) love
c) annul
d) pacify
e) embezzle

loathe,
slapdash,
target,
taking.
tip,
recruited,
scorned,
kind,
1) I ...........having to tidy my room.

2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
The enemys m a in ........... is our oil refinery.

She gave a p ractical...........about / for growing tomatoes
H e ...........the view that inflation was already beaten.
D o n 't...........the teacher by shuffling your teeth,
Jack is v e ry ...........with his work.
7) Someone has b e e n ...........money from the till.

8) Even young boys are now b e in g ...........to the army.
aggravate,
traduced
Kelime Ezberleten Kurcusu! Szlk
94
9)
10)
t was v e ry ..........of you to visit me when I was ili.

Yamur claimed that she had b e e n ......... by the press.
W ord form ation almas (151-175)

1) They have been accused of com m itting...........acts of terrorism (abhore)
2) She said that her life se e m e d ............ (aim)
3) VVhile she waited, she w a lk e d ...........around the car park, (aim)
4) The short-sighted...........of their own supporters may lose them the election.
(alienate)
5) Jack the ripper h a s ...........murdered two women, but he looks like a harmless
old man. (allege)
6) Ayegl is training to be a ............. (beautify)
7)
8)
9)
10)
They fo u g h t...........in the war. (hero)

Changes in the market are, of course, la rg e ly............. (predict)
His response to the journalist's enquiry w a s ............. (print)
Both men appeared...........as the judge read out their sentence (move)
11) Demand for health are appears virtu a lly............. (limit)

12) The Computer system i s ............for our purposes. (sit)
13) l'm afraid the peace talks were totally .............. (produce). We didn't reach
agreement on anything.
14) VVe've administrative problems vvhich are becoming increasingly ..............
(manage)
15) Skiing i s ...........if you have a weak heart. (advise)
16) Buckingham Palace is the Oueen's o ffic a l...........in London. (reide)
17) Theres no industry or entertainment here. It's a ...........district. (reide)
18) There has been a lot o f ...........to this new law. (resist)

176- fraud (frd) : hile, sahtekrlk:
sahtekr kimse.
fraud = deceit. monkey business,
deception, cunning. trickery. guile
fraud x honesty : drstlk_________
Bir elektrik sirkelinin FROT dairesi, kaak
elektrik kulland gerekesiyle abonesini
mahkemese verir. Hakim: "Sann HLE ve
SAHTEKARLIK (fraud) yoluyla'kaak kulla
nm yapu iespit edilmitir" der.
Jack told people that he was a serious
businessman, but he was a fraud really
Because of their deceit we were blamed
and punished.
t is so quiet 1 know they are up to some
monkey business.
His wife was a victim of deception.
Her cunning was rewarded when she
escaped without being seen
The case involved much violence and
trickery.
The wiiy fox used guile to trick the gingerbread man.
I must teli you in ali honesty that there is a
liftle chance of the scheme being approved.
177- plea (pli) : yalvarma, rica; dava:
mdafa; itiraz: zr
plea = recjuest, case, defence, pretext.
excuse. apology
plea x accusation : sulama
Temizleme}e verdii PLE1 eteinin diimdiiz
okluunu gren mteri: "PLEier yok olmu
(plea) hi bir ZR dinlemem. Bouna YAL
VARMA'" diye kuru temizlemeeiye kzar.
The Archbishop today made an emotional
plea tor peace
The boss refused our request to leave
work early
George appointed a barrister to plead his
case in court
The government is to cut spending on de
fence.
The border dispute was used as a pretext
for military intervention.
Please make my excuses at Thursday's
meeting
She ovves him an apology for treating him
so badly.
Her eyes vvere full ot accusation.
95
96
178- palatable (palitbl) : lezzetli

pahtable = delicious, tasty. luscious.
appetising, scrumptious, more-ish
palatable x tasteless : lezzetsiz
Lokantann PALA eklindeki masalarnda ye
mek yiyen iki mteri ok memnun kalr. Ara
larnda: "PALA-TABLE zerinde yemek san
ki daha da (palatable) LEZZETL oluyor" di
ye konuurlar
That dessert was very palatable.
This wine tastes delicious.
These sausages are really tasty.
What a luscious trifle!
The appetising smell of roast chicken
wafted through the house.
We had a scrumptious ice-cream vvhile we
were shopping.
Have you got another packet of those
more-ish chocolate biscuits?
The potatoes were tasteless vvthout salt.
179-asset (aset) : kymetli ey; vasf
asset = benefit, advantage, boon,
resouree, help
asset x dravvback : dezavantaj
Kuraklk nedeniyle ileri bozulan bir ifti,
evinde satacak bir eya ararken, mzik setini
grp: -A A SET belki (asset) KIYMETL bir
EY dir Herhalde para eder" der,
A sense of humour is a great asset in this
job.
The discovery of oil brought many benefits to the iown.
One of the advantages of this method is
that it saves a lot of fuel.
The radio is a great boon to the blind.
Oil is Kuwait's rnos important naural
resouree,
I couldnt have done it vvihout your help.
The high cost is a majr dravvback.
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r a u s a l
S z l k
180-astrav (streyI : yolunu arm,

doru yoldan km
astray = \vrong, amiss. adrift, missing
astray x safe : emin
Sigara imesi yasak olan hastann kl tablas
n dolu gren doktor: "KL TABLASI ASHTRAY dolu. Sen (astray) YOLUNU AIR
MISIN, DORU YOLDAN IKMIsn"
diye sylenir, ashtray: kl tablas
Parents always vvorry about their children
being led astray by unsuitable friends.
They have done vvrong and must be punished.
I searched thoroughly but could find nothing amiss.
Our plans seem to have gne adrift somewhere.
Some important figures are missing from
this report.
it is safe to come out now-the danger is
past.
181- dispatch (disp) : gndermek
dispatch = send, fonvard, transmit,
post, consign, mail
dispatch x retain : alkoymak
Sekreter yanl bir kad fax ile gndermek
zereyken, durumu fark eden mdr: "That
page deil THS PAGEi (dispatch) GNDERECEKsin. Dikkat et!" der.
A messenger was dispatched to take the
news to the soldiers at the front.
I' II send a postcard as soon as I get there.
Will you forward my mail to me while l'm
away?
My mother transmitted a telegram to me
for my brithday.
Could you post this letter for me please?
She consigned the file to the are of her
secretary.
How long vvould it take if I mailed it to
him?
She tried to retain her self-conrol/her balance.
97
98
182- abate (beyt'l : azalnmak, hafifletmek,
abate = lessen. diminish. decrease,
ea.se. moderate, wane
abate x ascend : artmak, ykselmek
Sla hasretini gidermek iin are araan John.
BETFV M I d L e R ' ii CD Tini grnce: "A A
BET dinlersem belki skntm (abate) AZA
LIR. HAFFLER " der.
The storm/vvind has started to abate
slighly.
The hurricane eventually lessened
His illness diminished his strength
Our share of market has decreased
sharply this year.
The speech was intended to ease tensions between hostile racial groups
The winds moderated as the cyclone
moved out to sea.
Our enthusiasm waned vvhen we realised
how long it would take.
He ascended the stairs.
183-enrich (nr) : zenginletirmek:
kuvvetlendirmek
enrich = enhance, intensify. strength.
increa.se. improve, supplement
enrich x depreciate : ucuzlatmak,
fiyat krmak
Gen bir iadam: "Benim EN RICH olduu
mu sanyorlar. Sanki i hacmini ZENGNLE
TRMEK (enrich) ok kolay " diye dnr
en rich: en zengin, anlamnda kullanlmtr
Music can enrich your vvhole life.
Hopefully the meeting will enhance the
prospects of world peace.
Opposition to the proposals had intensified by this time
The dollar has strengthened against other
currencies.
They have increased the price of petrol by
almost 20%.
If the company refuses to improve its pay
offer, we shall go on strike.
She does occasional freelance work to
supplement her income.
The car's value will depreciate by about S
2000 in the first year.
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u rg u s a l
S z l k
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u r s u s a l
S z l k
184- hector (hek'tr) : rahatsz etmek.

bana bel kesilmek
hector = bully, coerce. intinidate.
bro\vbeat. terrifv, threaten
Hakszla urayan renci okul idaresine i
kayette bulunur. Mdr: "Bu HECTOR'n ii
(hector) RAHATSIZ ETMEKte BAA BEL
KESLMEKte bizim HECTOR'n eline kim
se su dkemez" der.
Jack must be left alone, he musrvt be hectored.
Dont let anyone bully you into doing
something you dont want to do.
None of our employees will be coerced into
retiring.
n 1999 his neighbours intimidated his family into leaving.
Dont yourself be browbeaten by your
husband
Heights terrify mel
The strikers were threatened with dismissal
if they didnt return to vvork.
185-
obstinate (abstmit) : inat

obstinate = stubborn, adamant,
pig-headed, inflexible,
uncompromising, lrm
obstinate x amenable : uysal
Tm ikazlarna ramen, olu pis bir kara si

nekle oynamaya devam edince, annesi: "O
PS BR SNEK (obstinate) Olum ne kadar
NATtsn!" diye sylenir.
She is so obstinate-she wont let anyone
help her.
Unemployment is a stubborn problem
which w ont just disappear overnight.
She was adamant that she vvould not go
t is no use trying to talk sense to a pigheaded person.
I begged her not to punish me but she
was inflexible.
No' was her uncompromising ansvver.
Our offer was met with a firm refusal.
He might be more amenable to the idea if
you explained how mch money it vvould
spend.
99
100
186- evolve (ivalv : geli(tir)nek

evolve = progress, develop, gro\v,
expand, build up, increase
evolve x deteriorate : gerilemek
Bir shhi tesisat firmas rettii VALF eitle
rinden srekli ikayet alnca, hazrlanan rapor
da: "Daha Y VALF retmek iin teknoloji
mizi (evolve) GELTRMEK zorundayz"
denilir.
He evolved a new system for running the
factory.
He is not making much progress vvith his
English.
Bili had developed the business almost
entirely on his own.
The trees will grow beautiful pink rlovvers
in the spring.
The bear grows an extra-thick winter coat.
She expanded her short story into a novel.
You must build up your strength after your
illness.
The interest rate was increased this morning to 14 %.
The country's economy has been deteriorating tor some time.
187- callous (kals) : kat, hissiz
callous = heartless, unfeeling,
cold-blooded, stonv, insensitive,
apathetic
callous x tender : nazik; evkatli
Olay yerinde aranan kiinin peruunu bulan de
dektif: "Nihayet KEL Z brakt, (callous) ne
kadar da KAT. HSSZ biriymi" der.
t was callous of them not to visit their
lonely grandfather,
How can you be so heartless?
Too bad, was her unfeeling reply?
The cold-blooded murderer shot the shopkeeper..
I begged her for help but she had a stony
heart.
How can you be so insensitive as to laugh
at someone in pain?
My brother is so apathetic about everything .
He is kind and tender to ali his patients.
Dont mention his divorce-it's a very ten
der subject.
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u rg u s a l
S z l k
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
188- endorse (indorsl : onaylamak

endorse = confirm, acknotvledge,
ratify, verify, prove, substantiate
endorse x disavosv : reddetmek
ki taraf da anlaamaynca, oturumu yneten
bakan: "EN DORUSU (endorse) anlamay
ONAYLAMAK." Baka areniz yok diyerek
taraflar ikna etmeye alr.
The scheme was endorsed by the President
himself.
Her silence confirmed her guilt.
He never acknovvledged the boy as his son.
The decision will have to be ratified by the
board.
You can verify the speiling of a word by
looking it up in a dictionary.
The jevvellers valuation of my gold necklace proves its worth.
You'll have to substantiate your accusation that he stole your money.
Jack the Ripper publicly disavowed any
connection with terrorist groups.
189- shrink (rngk) : klmek; rkmek,
ekinmek
shrink = shorten, narrosv, contract,
decrease; shy avvay, recoil
shrink x expand : gelitirmek;
bvtmek
Yeni kan IRINGALARI beenmeyen bir
hemire: "Yeni IRINGALAR (shrink) hem
KLD hem de insan ine yaparken E
KNYOR" der.
VVashing wool in hot water will shrink
it/make it shrink.
Fearing a beating, the dog shrank into a
corner.
The days are shortening as autumn
approaches.
The road narrovvs after the bridge.
As it cooled the metal coniracted.
We have decreased our involvernent in
childrens books.
insurance firms tend to shy away from
advertising,
She recoiled from the snake.
The bank is airning to expand its share of
the mortgage market.
1 0 1
K e l im e
1 0 2
190-
boost (bst) : destek olmak

boost = encourage. support, uphold,
assist, stand by, help
boost x discourage : cesaretini krmak
USTA, kalorifer kazann ok iyi tamir edince,

apartman sakinleri: "BU USTAya (boost)
DESTEK OLALIM" diye karara varrlar,
We need a holiday o boost our spirits.
He encouraged me to apply for the job.
Her father supported her until she got
married.
Polie officers are expeced to uphold the
lavv,
She assisted me vvith my research work.
His parents were upset when he was
arrested but stood by him,
Could you help me wih this question?
Her parents actively discouraged her from
taking up music professionally.
191- draft (draft) : msvedde, yaz tasla
draft = outline, plan, .sketch, skeleton
niversite snavlarna hazrlanan bir renci
nin alt MSVEDDEleri, D eklinde
RAFlarda (draft) biriktiini hayal ediniz.
I'm now revising the first draft of my essay,
We were ali given an outline of what had
to be done
If we keep to the plan, the work should be
compieted in two weeks.
The introduction to the book provides a
sketch of its contents.
My book is in skeleton from-novv I just
have to add the deails.
E z b e r le te n
K u rg u s a l
S z l k
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u r a u s a l
S z l k
192- demand (dimand' : talep (etmek)

demand = ask for, press for. push for,
insist, recjuest, order
demand x vvaive : iddiadan vazgemek;
ertelemek
Bir otomotiv firmas, kullanm fiziksel g
gerektirdii iin yeni model kamyona THE
MAN adn verirler. Bylece fizii gl er
keklerin kullanabilecei THE MAN piyasada
(demand) TALEP EDLECEKTR._________
They are demanding higher pay and bet
ler conditions of work.
The miners are asking for another increase
in pay.
The rent collector is pressing for payment
again.
The opposition keeps pushing for taxes to
be reduced.
1 insist that you come with me to see the
doctor.
Visitors are requested not to walk on the
grass.
I'm going to order a milk shake.
1can not waive this rule except in case of
illness.
193- result from trizAit" fr.Am) : ...den
meydana gelmek
result from = arise from, come from,
come of, f!o\v fron, grow from,
spring from, emanate from
Orkestrann provalarda gsterdii performan
s beenmeven sef: "Kendinizi esere verinivorsunuz? ste REZALET Buradan (result
from) ... MEYDANA GELYOR" diye kzar.
The nation's troubles result from the governments stupidity.
Turkey's present dirficulies arise from the
reduced value of its money.
What results do you expect to come from
ali this activity?
I don't know what will come of your actions.
Crime flows from many causes, among
them unhappy experiences and poor education.
Most international firms have grown from
small family businesses.
Her doubts spring from to much experience of failure
Do you know where these rumours
emanated from?
103
104
194- arise (rayz'l : ortaya kmak,
meydana kmak
arise = appear, happen, occur,
transpire, emerge, start
arise x disappear : gzden kaybolmak
Bir askerin srekli olarak kaytardn farkeden blk komutan: "Bana bak asker! De
vaml ARAZ oluyorsun! Biraz (arise) ORTA
YA IKSAN hi fena olmayacak" diye kzar.
Some unlooked for apportunities have
arisen.
If I don't appear by 8 o'clock, 1 won" be
coming at ali.
The accident happened, just as 1 was
leaving home.
The incident occurred yesterday,
t transpired that the goat had eaten the
map.
She emerged from the sea cold but exhilarated.

Im going to start my project tonight.
By the time the polie appeared the gan
had disappeared.
195- considerabiy (knsdnbli) :
azmsanmayacak oranda
considerabiy = remarkably,
signifcantly, greatlv, noticeably,
markedly, substantially
considerabiy x insignifcantly : nemsiz
olarak
ki organizatr karde kuliste konuurken, k
k olan: "Biletlerin pahallna ramen
KONSERLER AB (considerablv) .AZIMSAN
MAYACAK ORANDA dolu" diyerek sevinir.
The second house was considerabiy larger than the first one.
Andre' PREVIN answered a difficuit question remarkably well.
His piano playing has improved significantly since he has had a new teacher.
He admired his father greatly.
Our house was noticeably watmer than
yours.
Business in Turkey is markedly differen
from that in Europe.
The price may go up quite substantially.
Crime has increased insignificantly.
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
196- solely (sol'li) : sadece

solely = onlv, merely, alone,
exclusively, entirely, completely
Fransz besteci Ravel savata sa kolunu kay
beden bir piyaniste ok zlr. Srf ona moral
vermek amacyla, SADECE (solely) SOL
ELni kullanca bir piyano konertosu beste
leyerek, piyaniste ithaf eder.
I am concerned solely for your welfare.
Their decision will affect not only our class
but the whole school.
He is not merely a good artist, but a great
one.
He acted alone in the shooting.
The style is exclusively vvestern.
We lived out our lives entirely on the farm.
He was completely bald.
197- put fortvard (pt frvvrd) : nermek
put forsvard = suggest, propose, offer,
thro\v out, fling out, toss out
Defansta baarl olamayan iki forvet oyuncu
su. teknik direktre: Bizi forvete koy. Put
FORVET (put fonvard) esas yerimiz forvet
diye NERDE BULUNURLAR.
Several people have been put fon/vard tor
the chairmanship.
Can you suggest a better alternative?
She proposed a break for coffee.
He has been offered a job in Ankara.
After talking together, the group threw out
several good ideas.
At last the chairman flung out his own suggestion, which the comrnittee were eager
to accept.
After talking together the group tossed out
several bright ideas fit for further consideration
105
106
198- reinforce (riyinfrs) : takviye etmek
reinforce = strengtlen, fortify.
support, augment. bolster up, stifTen
reinforce x vveaken : zayflatmak
Yal olaca tahmin edildii halde bahar ayla
r kurak geince, kays yetitirmek iin bol suya
ihtiyac olan iftiler: "Yamurun FORSU RA
N FORCE kalmad. Anlalan suvu (reinforce)
TAKVYE ETMEK yine bize dt" derler.
We praise the chiidren regularly to rein
force their sense of self-vvorth.
He used examples to strengthen his argument.
The fown was fortified at the time of the
Crusades.
A lot of building vvorkers supported the
campaign.
They hit upon another idea to augment
their income.
The election results bolstered up the spirits of the newly formed party.
We have new evidence that will undoubtedly bolster up our case,
These events have stiffened (= made
stronger) our resolve to succed.
Recent political defeats had weakened
her autboriy.
199- ultimate (Alfmt) : son: sonu: art;
en son; en uzak
ultimate = final, end, extreme, utmost,
last, furhest
ultimate x first : ilk
Kasparov son alt oyunu MATla kazanp ye
niden Dnya Satran ampiyonu olunca, oto
riteler: "ALTI MATla (ultimate) turnuvay yi
ne ampiyon olarak SON a erdirdi diye hayret ederler.______________________________
They are going to Bodrum first, but their
ultimate destination is Fethiye.
Is that your final offer?
I fell asleep before the end of the television show.
The Capital is in the extreme south of the
country.
I have the utmost respect for her judgement.
I am giving you one last chance to apologize.
.Vhich planet is the furthest from the sun?
First impressions are very important.
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r e u s a l
107
S z l k
200-e.\ceed (iksid) : amak, ileri gitmek

exceed = surpass. outdo. outshine,
outclass. beat, excel
exceed x deteriorate: ktlemek,
bozulmak
Kredi kartndan para ekemeyen bir mteri
nedeninin sorduunda, banka yetkilisi: "He
sap bakiyeniz EKS (exceed) limitinizi A
MISINIZ." diye bilgi verir.
Most rnotorists regularly exceed the
speed mit.
The profits surpassed ali our expectations.
She outdid him in running and stvimming.
She outshines ali the other competitors.
He outclasses ali of us at tennis.
I'm hoping to beat the vvorld record.
When it comes to singing, Msra really
excels.
Relations betvveen the superpowers have
deteriorated sharply in recent vveeks.
fraud
hile, sahtekrlk;
sahtekr kimse
plea
yalvarma, rica; dava;
mdafa; itiraz, zr
palatable
lezzetli
asset
kymetli ey; vasf
astray
yolunu arm, doru
yoldan km
gndermek
dispatch
abate
azal()mak, hafifletmek
zenginletirmek;
enrich
kuvvetlendirmek
rahatsz etmek, bana
hector
bel kesilmek
obstinate
inat
geli(tir)mek
evolve
callous
kat, hissiz
endorse
onaylamak
N......... ............... ................
.............
shrink
boost
draft
demand
result from
arise
consiaerably
solely
put forward
reinforce
ultimate
exceed
klmek; rkmek,
ekinmek
destek olmak
msvedde, yaz tasla
talep (etmek)
..den meydana
gelmek
ortaya kmak,
meydana kmak
azmsanmayacak
oranda
sadece
nermek
takviye etmek
sn;.sonu; ar; en
son; en uzak
amak, ileri gitmek
- ........ ...
176. - 200. Altrmalar
108
D
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10 }
We're going o zmir first, but o u r ...........desination is Antalya,

b) palatable
c) considerable d) negligible
e) unerring
a) ultimate
Most drivers regularly........... the speed limit.
d) dispatch
c) throvv out
e) retain
a) put forvvard b) exceed
Sever al people have been ... ....... for the chairmanship.
b) vveakened c) resulted from d) come from e) put forvvard
a) reinforced
Washing wool in hot vvater w ill...........it.
b) throvv out
c) shrink
a) expand
d) put forvvard e) endorse
Turkeys present difficulties .. .........the reduced value of its money.
a) arise form
b) reinforce
c) encourage
d) boost
e) expand
We need a holiday t o ........... our spritis.
d) dispatch
a) discourage b) boost
c) demand
e) hector
The scheme w a s ...........by the President himself.
b) shrunk
d) hectored
a) exceeded
c) endorsed
e) lessened
The storm has started t o ..... .... slightly.
b) hector
a) endorse
c) bully
d) abate
e) disavovv
Music c a n ..... ..... your vvhole life.
a) enrich
b) endorse
c) discourage d) disavovv
e) exceed
Some unlooked for opportunities h a v e ...........
b) abated
a) hectored
c) arisen
d) shrunk
e) dispatched
I am concerned solely for your vvelfare,

a) only
b) imperceptible c) amenable d) obstinate
2) The natiorVs troubles [eult form the governmenfs stupidity.
a) vvaive
b) ask for
c) arise from
d) disappear
e) unerring
e) demand
3) Its simply not possible to prove that people eyolved form early apes.
a) retrogress
b) develop
c) depreciate d) bully
e) browbea
She's
so
obstinate
she
wont
Set
anyone
help
her.
4)
a) obnoxious b) solely
c) stubborn d) imperceptible
e) significant
5) He encouraged me to apply for the job.
a) resulted fromb) deveioped c) exceeded
d) boosted
e) outdid
6 ) The profits surpassed ali our expectations.
a) exceeded
b) deteriorated
c) boosted
d) outdid
e) vvaived
The
hurricane
eventually
lessened.
>
7)
a) enhanced
b) depreciated
c) outdid
d) vvaived
e) abated
8 ) Hopefully, the meeting will enhance the prospects of world peace.
a) lessen
b) enrich
c) outdo
d) abate
e) surpass
9) I' II send a postcard as soon as I get ihere.

a) dispatch
b) lessen
c) retain
d) ascend
e) shrink
109
10} VVashing wool in hot water wi!l make it hrink.

a) retain
b) shorten
c) exceed
d) put forward e) dispatch
D
2)
He never acknovvledged the boy as his son

a) contirmed
b) disavovved c) shrank
We need a holiday to boost our spirits
a) discourage b) shrink
c) retain
d) abated
e) retained
d) abate
e) uphold
3) We praise the children regularly to reinforce their sense of self-worth.

a) strengthen
b) throvv out
c) fortify
d) toss out
e) vveaken
d) confirm
e) fling out
4) VVashing wool in hot water v/iil shrink it.

a) expand
b) vveaken
c) toss out
5) You must build-up your srength after your illness.

a) discourage b) deteriorate c) retain
d) fling out
6 ) t was callous for them not to visit their lonely grandmother.
a) amenable
b) adamant
c) astray
d) tender
7) l'll end a postcard as soon as I get there.
a) retain
b) dispatch
c) deteriorate
d) uphold
8 ) That dessert was very pajatable.
a) delicious
b) tasteiess
c) astray
d) adamant
9) She was adamant that sle would not go.
a) tasteiess
b) palatable
c) delicious
d) astray
10) The vvind has started to abate siightly.
a) expand
b) dispatch
c) ascend
d) retain
e) uphold
e) heartless
e) expand
e) obstinate
e) amenable
e) uphold
acknovvledge,
enrich,
lessened,
asking for,
arsen,
shorlening,
considerably,
endorsed,
arse rrom,
heartless
Most people vvould...........him as one of the greatest philosophers of this century
2)
3)
4)
5)
The storm eventually .............
Some unexpected difficulties h a v e .............

The second dictionary w a s .......... more expensieve than the first one.
Turkey's present difficulties........................the reduced value of its money.
6) Music c a n ...........your whole life
7) The miners a r e ...........another increase in pay.
8 ) The days a r e ...........as autumn approaches.
9) The scheme w a s ...........by the President himself.

10 ) How can you be s o ...........?
112
203- diligent (dl'cnt) : alkan

diligent = assiduous, industrious,
lard-\vorking, active, .sedulous.
tireless
diligent x slothful : tembel
ok ALIKAN olmasna karn yine de be
enilmeyen bir iiye arkadalar sahip kar:
"Adamn yorgunluktan DL IKTI (diligent)
Daha nasl ALIKAN olunur?" diye onu ko
rurlar.
Diligent polie inquiries eventually turned
up sorne clues.
Some friends were particularly assiduous
in the campaign for his release.
She is an industrious teacher.
Ali does weil in his job because he is hardworking.
My grandfather leads an active life even
though he is eighty.
His wife is a sedulous housewife.
She is a tireless promoter of new causes.
Cyrus vvont work; he is just too slothful.
204- scatter (skiitr) : datmak
scatter = separate, strew, sprinkle.
distribute, disperse, dissipate
scatter x gatler : toplamak
Scot adl bir gen gittii lokantada tartma
karr. Polis hazrlad raporda: "Bunu yapan
SCOT'tr. (scatter) DAITMAK onun iidir"
der.
The.gunshot scattered the birds.
You cant separate morality from politics.
The floor of his Office was strevvn with
books and papers.
She sprinkled sand along the icy patf.
She distributed the fertiliser ver the lawn.
The wind dispersed my piles of leaves
and blew them ioto the air.
He dissipated his money by gambling.
The children gathered round to listen tfeir
grandpas fairy tale.

205- fluent (fhrvnt ) : akc
fluent = articulate, eloquent, snooth,
silver-tongued, slick, fluid
fluent x stilted : belirsiz
Yazar Thomas FLUENT'n son roman iin
eletirmenler: "Eser FLU bir ENDie bitiyor.
Yine de yazar (fluent) AKICI bir dil kullan
m" diye eletirirler.
(Flu: belirsiz anlamnda kullanlmtr.)
He speaks fluent English.
The most articulate interviewees arent
necessarily the best people for the job
She is an eloquent speaker.
He tricked her with his srnooth talk
That politician is successful because he is
silver-tongued.
He is a slick salesman.
The dancer's movements were beautifully
fluid (=smooth and follovving)
He writes in a formal and rather stilted
styie
206- abdicate (iib'dkeyt) : vazgemek
abdicate = give up, desist fron.
renounce, cease, abandon, quit
abdiate x allege : iddia etmek
ABD ve KATE ailelerinin basksna davananayp evlenmekten vazgeince, olay Trk ba
snnda u balkla yer alr: "ABD ve KATE
(abdicate) evlenmekten VAZGETLER.
She has abdicated ali responsibility for
the project.
Abdi has given up driving since his iiiness,
The soidiers have been ordered to desist
from firing their guns.
Gandhi renounced the use of violence.
The French have ceased fighting and asked
for peace negotiations.
Due to rough vveather, the coast guard
had been forced to abandon the search.
Suddeniy she quit talking, turned her face
to the pillovv and went to sleep.
This is what Mehmet alleges, but he is
unlikely to be able to prove it.
114
207- dismay (dismay' : korkutmak
disrnay = appal, petrify. terrify.
horrify, frightet, shock
disnay \ reassure : inenini tazelemek
Baiarda, zellikle MAYIS ay gelince olu
nun iine kapanp kimseyle konumadn
farkede annesi: "Tlis MAY bu Mays (dis
may seni KORKUTMA sn" diye olunu ce
saretlendirmeye alr
They enjoyed the meal but were a bit dismayed by/at the bili.
They were appalled by news ot the crash
My new boss absolutely petrifies me!
Flying terrifies me.
We were horrified at the conditions they
were ving in,
The noise frightened me
His attitude shocked her
She was reassured by our orfer of support.
208- panper (panTpr) : martmak
parnper = spoil, idulge, coddle
panper x discipline : terbiye etmek,
yetitirmek
IMARTILAN kk ocuklarn, PAMPER
marka bez kullandklarn hayal ediniz. Nere
de IMARIK ocuk grseniz: "Bu da dier
IMARIKlar gibi (panper) kullanverdin" di
ye dnn.
The little boy vvas pampered by his father.
His grandparents spoil him dreadtully.
They indulge my every whim
He vvas feeling H and just wanted to be
looked after and coddled.
They never make any attempt to discipline
iheir childten.

209- affluent (af'lunt) : zengin
affluent = rich, wealthy, prosperuus.
eli of, \vell-to-do, loaded
affluent x poor : fakir
Eletirmenler Jack LONDON'n ZENGN bir
yazar olmasn kulland akc (FLUENT) di
le balarlar. Yazarn ad da bundan sonra (aff
luent) ZENGN olarak kalr.
They have a relatively affluent way of life.
The rich get richer and the poor get poore r.
My t'riends are wealthy enough to travel

overseas every year.
The prosperous businessman vvorked
hard to make his company grow.
The government daim that people are
better off now than they have ever been.
Only well-to-do people can afford to live in
this neighbourhood.
They were so loaded that they went to
Paris for Christmas.
The poor family barely made enough money
to live on.
210- humble (hAm'bl) : alak gnll
humble = modest, reek, polite, kind,
respectful, docile
humble x haughty : kibirli
Arkadana "HIMBIL"' denilmesine zlen
Ali: "HIMBIL grnne aldanmayn. O
gerekten (humble) ALAK GNLLdr"
diyerek onu korur.
Ziya strikes me as a very humble person.
Dr. Haydar is very modest abou the success of his research in genetics.
She vvont objec, she is so meek and mild
What a polite girl you are to offer me your
seat in the bus.
She is very kind to animais
He taught his children to be respectful of
other cultures
The nce docile population has finally risen
up against the ruthless regime.
His face vvore an expression of haughty
disapproval
1 15
116
211- bire (hayr) : kiralamak
bire = charter, lease, rent
Olunun srekli spor araba KRALAYARAK
paray ar ur etmesine kzan babas: "Artk
HAYIR (bire) araba KRALAYARAK benim
param harcamana izin vermiyorum" diye
sylenir,
1 hired a car for a week when I was in
Turkey.
The company has chartered a jet for the
trip.
Richard leases his field to a farmer
We have rented our house to some
French people
212- ban (ban) : yasaklamak
ban = forbid. prolibit, proscribe,
disallovv, restrict, outlavv
ban x allovv : izin vermek
yerinde uygulanan baz haksz kstlamalar
nedeniyle sorgulanan bir kii: "Bunlar BEN
(ban) YASAKLAMADIM" diye kendini sa
vunur,
She was banned frorn driving for a year,
The law forbids the use of Chemical fertilizers,
Smoking in this railway carriage is strictly
prohibited
The State might proscribe private education altogether,
The judge disallovved the defentant's
application for bail.
The growth of television exports is restricted to 10 % a year,
This new law restricts freedom of speech
The production and sale of alcohol was
outlawed,
Wa!king on the grass is not allowed.

213- plase (feyz): grn, evre
phase = appearance, aspect, side,
period, stage
rencilerin resim almalarn kontrol eden
dersin hocas, canl modeli ima ederek: "GRNnden hi mi (phase) FEYZ almad
nz" diyerek eletiride bulunur.
We are entering a new phase in international relations.
There was nolhing unusual about/in her
physical appearance.
The impressive aspect of this mountain
has inspired many artists.
Canadian coins have a picture of the
Oueen's head on one side.
They are going through a difficult period in
their marriage.
The submarine is stili at the design stage.
214- aftermath (aPtrmiith) : yan etki
aftermatl = side-effect, after-effect,
effect, consequence, result, outcome
Srekli matematik alp zihnini yoran bir bi
lim adamm muayene eden uzman: "Biz buna
tpta MATEMATK SONRASI (aftermath)
YAN ETK diyoruz. Senin beynin ok yor
gun Rntgenden belli. Biraz tatil yap" der.
Large number of businesses went bankrupt in the aftermath of the recession.
Does this new drug have any side-effecis?
The after-effects of the bomb are stili being
feit in Hiroshima.
I think l'm suffering form the effects of too
little sleep.
The high ievel of unemployment has produced harmful social consequences
These problems are the result of years of
bad management.
We are anxiously avvaiting the outcome of
their discussion.
117
118
215- revolve (rivalv') : dn(dr)nek
revolve = rotate, turn, circle, whirl,
spin
VOLVO marka arabasn satp baka bir araba
alan Cem, pek memnun kalmaynca: "Bunu
satp, VOLVOva (revolve) geri DNMEL
YM" diye dnr,
The Earth revolves round/around the sun
in an ellipse.
The satellite slowly rotates as it circles the
earth,
The earth turns on its axis nce every 24
hours,
The plane circled for an hour before
receiving permission to land.
He whirled the sword round his head
The teacher spun round to see who had
spoken.
216- dilemma (dilem) : zor durum, kmaz
dilemma = quandary, predicanent,
plight, difficulty, mess, perplexit_v
EMMAmn kocasyla tarttn gren anne
si: "Biraz dilini tutmuyorsun! Kzm kocan
hakl! likinizdeki ZOR DURUM, IKMAZ,
DL in EMMA (dilemma) diye t verir.
He was in a dilemma as to vvhether to stay
at school or get a job.
David GARRET was in a quandary
about/over vvhere to go.
With no money, no job and novvhere to live,
he found himself in a real predicament.
Everyone is horrified about the plight of
the starving people,
She is having financial difficulties.
The companys affairs in a terrible mess.
He felt considerable preplexity as to which
course io take.
Kelime Ezberleten Kursusa! Szlk

217- vvrestle (resul) : mcadele etmek
restle = struggle, strive, grapple,
combat, fght, battle
restle x renounce : vazgemek
Dnya gre ampiyonasna iddial bir ekilde
hazrlanan RESUL, bir gazetecinin rakipleriy
le ilgili sorusuna: "Vallahi benim adn RE
SUL (vvrestle) MCADELE EDP ampiyon
olacam diye yant verir.
Resul has vvrestled professionally for
elever years.
1 have been struggling to understand this
article ali afternoon.
He strove for recognition as an artist.
This is just one of he problems the council is grappling vvith.
I have to combat this constant desire to
eat chocolate.
They had to fight hard for improvements
to the road system.
He had to battle agains prejudice to get a
job.
He renounced his daim to the family house.
218- embark (imbark) : girimek, balamak
embark = commence, set about,
launch, begin, initiate, start
embark x complete : tamamlamak
Yeni bir ie BALAMAK isteyen arkadana
t veren Ali: "nce piyasaya N BAK (em
bark) ie GRMEK daha sonraki mesele" der.
t is late in life to embark on/upon a new
career.
If everyone has appeared (=arrived), the
meeting may now commence.
The sooner we set about it the sooner we
will finish.
She launched a fierce attack on her political opponents.
He went upstairs to begin packing.
VVho initiated the violence?
Can you start on Tuesday?
Seeing the family ali together again completed her happiness.
119
1 2 0
219- cease (sis) : kesmek, sona erdirmek

cease = halt, leave off, break off.
discontinue, finish, stop
cease x begin : balamak
Hava aniden bozulmaya balaynca daclk
ekibi bakan: "Birazdan blgeyi SS basacak,
(cease) Trmanmay yarda KESMEK. SONA
ERDRMEK zorundayz" der.
The company has ceased trading in this
part of the world.
Halt! Who goes there? shouted the sentry.
i wish the rain would leave off.
The two countries have broken off diplomatic relations.
The bus service has been discontinued.
Have you finished typing that report?
Stop behaving like an idiot.
I vvill begin vvhenever you are ready.
220- notablv (notbli) : dikkate deer bir
ekilde
notablv = noticeably, conspicuousiy,
strikingly, distinctly,
remarkably, considerably
notablv x slightly : nemsiz bir ekilde
Anne, olunun notunu sorduunda, retmen:
"NOTu B Y K (notablv) durumunda DK
KATE DEER BR EKLDE dzelme var"
der.
Many members were absent, notably the
chairwoman.
The newspapers are conspicuousiy biased.
The problems we face are strikingly similar.
He was looking distinctly nervous before
his interview this morning.
stanbul is a remarkably noisy and crowded city.
He is considerably fatter han he was
when I used to know him.
Kerem is slightly taller than his sister.

221- squander (sksran'dr) : (para v.s.)
arur etmek
squander = run through. expend,
spend, consume, go through, dissipute
squander x eut down : tasarru f etmek
Dn iin hazrlad yemeklere yaman su
kovduunu eren aba: "PARAMIZI
ARUR EDEN PM AA SU KOYAN
DIR (squander)" diye onu elitirir.
Emre squandered ali he money his parents lert him.
He soon ran through ali his fathers money,
Tney have expended ali their resources.
n recent years the company has spent a
lot of money on new technology.
Arguing about details consumed many
hours of the cornmittees valuable time,
The hotel was so expensive, we went
through S 20000 in he first week.
He dissipated his large fortune in a few
years of heavy spending,
The factorys production has been cut down.
222- ascertain (iisrteyn) : aratrmak,
-soruturmak; onaylamak
ascertain = search, delve into,
diseover; verify, endorse, confirm
ascertain x surmise ; tahmin etmek
Arkada ile piti oynayan Red Kit katlarn
eksik olduunu farkedince: "Etrafa bakalm.
Birli (AS) kesin. AS CERTAIN buralarda bir
serde (ascertain) iyice ARATIRMAK zorun
dayz" der
Have you ascertained vvhether Esra is
coming or not?
The polie failed to find any evidence
vvhen they searched the Office.
Before Sibel was appointed, FBI delved
into her past record.
Scientists have discovered how M predict
an earthquake.
Are you able to verify your account / allegation?
I fully endorse (= agree with) everything
the PM has said.
The expressior on her face confirmed our
worst fears.
From her letter I surmised that she was
unhappy.
1 2 1
P 2
223- ensue (ensu') : birbirini takip etmek;

sonu olmak, meydana gelmek
ensue = follotv, clase, pursue; result,
lappen, occur, arise
ensue x precede : nde olmak, nce
gelmek
Kuraklk ekilen bir blgede yaplan sondaj a
lmalar sonucunda BRBRN TAKP EDEN
bir ka su kayna bulunur. Kimyasal analizler
sonucunda hazrlanan raporda: "BRBRN
TAKP EDEN su kaynaklar arasnda EN SUya
benzer (ensue) drdncsdr' denilir.
Boredorn ofter ersues from inactivity.
You go ahead lli follovv yom
The cat chased the mouse,
The polie pursued the youths who had
stolen a car.
The fire resulted in darnage to their property.
Anything could happen in the next half an
hour.
The tragedy occurred only minutes after
take off.
Should the opportunity arise, l'd love to go
to Paris..
George Bush preceded Bili Clinton as
president of the USA.
224- bribe (bravb) : rvet vermek
bribe = corrupt, lure, suborn,
buy off/over
"BR AYIP" adl operasyon kapsamnda orta
ya karlan RVET olayn gazeteler: "BR
AYIP daha (bribe) RVET VERMEK adet
oldu!" eklinde verirler.
I bribed him into giving me the top secret
documents.
Do you think young people are corrupted
by big city life?
Cheese is often used to lure mice into
traps.
The penalties for attempting to suborn witnesses are heavy.
His sister threatened to teli the polie, so
he had to buy her off.
123

225- engross (ingros'l : tutmak, zaptetmek.
igal etmek; megul olmak
engross = absorb, occupy, immerse,
egage. invoive, arrest
engross x release ; serbest brakmak
EN GROSS adl marketler zincirinin en byk
pazar payna sahip olmas zerine, mahalle
bakkal: "EN GROSS piyasay (engross)
TUTTU. ZAPTETT. Bize "bir ey kalmad"
diye dnr.
(gross : byk)
I was so engrossed in my work that I
completely forgot the time.
Defence spending absorbs almost 40 %
of the countrys money.
Writing occupies most of my free time.
1 immersed myself in vvork so as to stop
thinking about her
Can you come on Sunday. No. I'm
engaged.
I'd rather you didnt involve me in your
family quarrels.
She was arrested for shoplifting.
The hijackers released three of the
hostages
hilarious
falter
diligent
scatter
fluent
abdicate
dismay
pamper
affluent
humble
hire
ban
phase
aftermath
revolve
dilemma
vvrestle
: neeli
: kekelemek, tereddt
etmek
: alkan
: datmak
: akc
: vazgemek
: korkutmak
: martmak
: zengin
: alak gnll
: kiralamak
: yasaklamak
: grn, evre
: yan etki
: dn(dr)mek
: zor durum, kmaz
: mcadele etmek
embark
cease
notably
squander
ascertain
ensue
engross
bribe
: girimek, balamak
: kesmek, sona
erdirmek
: dikkate deer bir
ekilde
: (para v.s.) arur
etmek
: aratrmak,
soruturmak;
onaylamak
: birbirini takip etmek:
sonu olmak, meydana
gelmek
; tutmak, zaptetmek,
igal etmek;
megul olmak
: rvet vermek
201.
124
225. Altrmalar
Find he right word almas (201-225.)

1) We had s o m e ...........adventures on our walking trip.
a) fiuent
b) articulate
c) affluent
d) vvealthy
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
E m re ...........ali he money his parents lef him.

a) squandered b) ascertained c) ceased
d) vvrestled
I ...........him into giving me the top secret documents.
a) run hrough b) squandered c) cut down
d) bribed
Have y o u ...........whether Esra is coming or not?
a) vvrestled
b) embarked
c) ascertained d) bribed
The company h a s ...........trading in this part of the wor!d.
a) ascertained b) ceased
c) squandered d) bribed
t is late in life t o ................ ....... a new career.
a) embark on b) cut down
c) run through d) leave off
Resul h a s ...........professionally for eleven years.
a) cut down
b) set about
c) vvrestled
d) renounced
She w a s ...........from driving for a year.
a) cut down
b) vvrestled
c) set about
d) hired
I ...........a car for a vveek vvhen I vvas in Turkey.
a) hired
b) vvrestled
c) banned
d) set about
H e ...........nce or tvvice in his speect
a) run through b) pampered c) scattered
d) faltered
e) hilarious
e) embarked
e) ceased
e) run through
e) vvrestled
e) break off
e) bribed
e) banned
e) bribed
e) decided

1) Richard ieases his field to a farmer
a) commences b) charters
c) revolves
2 ) I wi'sh the rain would leaveoff.
a) break off
b) lease
c) revolve
d) wrestles
e) renounces
d) renounce
e) commence
3) Many members were absent, notably the chairvvoman.

a) assiduously b) industriouslyc) noticeably
d) slightly
e) diligently
d) modest
e) haugfty
4) He speaks fiuent English.

a) diligent
b) articulate
c) humble
5) The gunshot scarttered the birds.

a) separated
b) left off
c) broke off
d) released
6) He vvavered betvveen accepting and refusing.
a) left off
b) separated
c) released
d) faltered
7) She is an industrious teacher.
a) slothful
b) fiuent
c) diligent
d) hilarious
8 ) She has abdicated ali responsibility for the project.
a) separated
b) faltered
c) left off
d) broken off
education altogether.
9) The State might proscribe private
a) commence b) ban
c) allovv
d) falter
e) revolved
e) renounced
e) serious
e) given up
e) revolve

10)
125
If everyone has appeared, he meeting may now commence

a) begin
b) ban
c) falter
d) revolve
e) leave off
A ntonym almas (201-225)

Somehow, Mehmet was able to remain hee_rfuj hroughout he crisis.
a) jolly
b) serious
c) assiduous
d) industrious e) tireless
2 ) You can separate morality from poliics

a) gather
b) set free
c) pamper
d) spoil
e) hire
d) surmise
e) discipline
d) left off
finish.
d) break off
e) broke off
3) His grandparents spoil him dreadfully.

a) set free
b) appal
c) squander
He
soon
ran
through
ali
his
fathers
money:
4)
a) embarked on b) struggled c) cut down
5)
a) complete
b) cut down
c) squander
They have a relatively affluent way of life,

a) haughty
b) poor
c) fluen
d) stilted
e) gather
e) assiduous
7) Ali does well in his iob because he is hard-w rkina.

d) poor
a) haughty
b) fluen
c) stilted
8 ) She is very kind o animals.
a) humble
b) poor
c) affluent
d) haughty
9) He had to battle against prejudice to get a job
d) ban
a) renounce
b) vvrestle
c) cut down
10) Crime has decreased npticeabjy.
a) exuberantly b) slightly
c) notably
d) assiduously
e) slothful
e) rneek
e) pampe
e) slyly

affluent,
forbids,
released,
phase,
appalied,
humble,
discipline,after-math.
fluent,
pampered
1) They never make any attempt t o ...........their children.

2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
The hijackers...........three of the hostages,

They have a relatively...........way of life,
The liftle boy vvas...........by his father.
They w e re ........... by the news of the crash,
Edvvard Heath sp e a ks...........English
7) Ziya strikes me as a ...........person.

8) The la w ...........the use of Chemical fertilizers.
9) We are entering a n e w ...........in International relations
10) Large number of businesses went bankrupt in th e ......... of the recession.
] 2 6
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r g u s a l
S z l k
Word form ation alm as (201-225)

1) Novvadays, violence seems to be a ...........occurrence. (day)
2) While money cant exactly buy y o u ........... at least i helps you suffer in comfort, (happy)
3) But how could you do it? Really, Ayla, I feel q u ite ...........of you! (shame)
4) There was a lot o f ...........this morning as work began on the new spermar
ket, (active)
5) I can think o f ...........reasons for not getting married; but even so, I stili want
to one day, (count)
6) The lovers stood, hand in hand, gazing at th e ...........sky, (star)
7) As the childs head went urder the water for the third time, I stood and watched
...........to help, I couldn't swim (povver)
8) ld love to come to your party b u t,.......... I have to go somewhere else, (fortune)
9) Thousands of people turned up for the Pop Festival where the b ig ...........was
Bob Dylan. (attract)
10) lm afraid you'li have to see Mr. Moni, Ali matters concerning finance are his
(response)
11) t i s ...........to take credit for other peoples ideas. (moral)
12) Some people daim to be able t o ........... the future, (teli)
13) I hope there wont be too m u c h ...........in getting a work permit. (difficult)
14) How are you getting on with y o u r...........course in Russian? (correspond)
15) VVhat time do y o u ...........start work? (use)
16) There was ice on the pavement vvhich made it difficult to vvalk as it was so
............. (slip)
17) I could never he a teacher. I am far t o o ............. (paient)

226- burden (birdin) : yk, klfet,
ykle(n)mek; sknt vermek
burden = strain, bother, trouble,
responsibility, anxietv, afflietion
burden x relieve : skntsn
hafifletmek
Yazlk evlerine srekli kocasnn akrabalar
ziyaret edince, kadncaz: 'Bktm BURDAN (burden) YK ve KLFETten baka bir
ey deil" diye ikayet eder.
Many pupils find homevvork a burden.
Dont strain your eyes trying to read in this
dim light.
Dont bother yourself about ali these details.
I never have any trouble getting the car
started.
I take (full) responsibity tor losing the
money.
There is a lot of anxiety among the staff
about possible job losses.
Malnutrition is one of the common afflictions of the poor.
The good news relieved my anxiety.
227- bemoan (bmon) : (bireyden) alayp
szlayarak ikayet etmek
bemoan = lament, bevvail, deplore,
complain, condemn, mourn
bemoan x rejoice : neelenmek
Titiz yal bir kadn yaptrd MAUN kapla
ma masay beenmeyince, marangoz: "B
MAUN kullandm ki! en iyi kalite (bemoan)
ALAYIP SIZLANARAK KAYET EDE
CEK ne var?" diye arr
Researchers at universities are always
bemoaning their lack of funds.
My grandma, as usual, lamented the decline
in moral standards in today's society.
He bevvailed his sudden misfortune and
the loss of his most treasured possessions.
Even though I deplore the decision, i'll
have to accept it.
You're alvvays complaining.
Most people vvould condemn violence of
any ort.
They're mouring for/over their lost opportunities.
Everyone rejoiced at the news of his safe
return.
127
128
228- beneficiary (bemfi'iyeri) : faydalanan
(yararlanan) kii
beneficiary = ieir, inheritor
Konserve firmas yeni deniz rnn piyasaya
srerken ilgin bir slogan kullanr: Benden
FAYDALANAN K olmak istiyorsanz,
(beneficiary) BEN PRN ve afiyetle yi
yin/'
Schools in Southern Africa will be ihe main
beneficiaries oi the charity.
She is his sole heir.
They are the inheritors of Greek and
Roman culture.
229- agitate (ac'teyt) : rahatsz etmek
agitate = disturb, stir. trouble.
perturb. incite, slake up
caln dovvn : sakinletirmek
Trkiye'ye gelen Amerikal renci TEDDYNe
arkadalar i kfte yedimek isteyince, ilerin
den insafl olan: Bu ACI TED (agitate) seni
RAHATSIZ EDER" diverek onu uvarr
The bad news will only agitate her-let's
wait till tomorrow to teli her.
Im very disturbed to hear that you haven't
yet done wha 1asked you to do.
He enjoys stir ring
Many of us are deeply troubled by the
chairmans decision
The news that her son had been arrested
by the polie perturbed her greatly,
She incited them to rise up against their
officers.
The bad news shook me up,
Calm dovvn, for goodness sake. It's nothing to get excited about.

230- span (span) : sre; genilik
span = spell, duration, period; extent.
length
Kendi SIPAs hep sonuncu olan ocuk nedeni
ni merak edince, babas: "Senin SIPAN (span)
yar SREsini ayariayamyor" der.
Tha childs attention span is poor - he
only listens to the teacher for a few seconds at a time
ver a span of three years a surprising
amount has been achieved.
After a shori spell in hospital she was
soon back at work.
He planned a stay of two years' duration
Her work means hat she spends long
periods away from home.
I was surprised at the extent of his knowledge.
Take two pieces of string of diffeent
lengths.
231- bet (bet) : iddia etmek, bahse girmek
bet = gamble, stake, risk, speculate,
wager. lazard
BETTY bir konuda gereksiz yere DDA
EDNCE annesi: "BET bouna (ben DDA
EDYORSUN" diye kzn uyarr.
I bet that she wont come.
Anyone who gambles on the sock
exchange has to be prepared to lose
money.
The PM is siaking his reputation on a successful outcome to the arms talks.
He gambled away (=risked and lost) the
fortune his grandfather left him.
I don't know ali the circumances, so it
vvould be pointless to speculate.
She wagered me S 10 that i would not do
it.
I hazarded ali rny money in the attempt to
save the business
1 3 0
232- mark do\vn (mark daun) : fiyat

indirmek; semek; kayt etmek
mark do\vn = reduce, cteapen,
discount, lovver, decrease
mark do\vn x mark up : fiyat
ykseltmek
Bir emekli yatrm yapt Alman MARK'
deer kaybedince: MARK m FYATI ND
(mark down) MARK DOWN oldu diye kar
sna dert yanar.
Some of the sale goods have been marked
down by as much as 75 %.
Could you reduce the price, please?
American Steel has been cheapen due to
the fail in the dollar.
If we have to discount our prices we arent
going to make a profit.
Interest rates have been lovvered again.
Our share of the market has decreased
sharply this year.
If you vvitness an accident, mark down the
licence number of the car.
I marked down the spot as a suitable place
for camping.
Shares in retail businesses were marked
up on the news that consumer spending
rese last month.
233- dire (dayr) : dehetli, korkun; ciddi
dire = terrible, dreadful, fearful,
horrible; serious, severe
dire x splendid : harikulade
nl ngiliz rock grubu "DRE STATS"in
son albm beklenen baary gsteremeyince
mzik eletirmenleri: DRE STRAITS (dire)
KORKUN bir bunalma girdi" diye olay yo
rumlarlar.
Their business is in dire straits.
P ve just received some terrible news.
The food was bad and the service was
dreadful.
There was a fearful argument when Mr.
Moni demanded his money back.
Shes fearful that she may lose custody of
her children.
Isn't the vveather horrible today?
Please don't laugh - l'm being serious.
irin has been under severe strain / pressure recently.
Love is a many splendid thing.

234* blunder (blAndr) : gaf (hata) yapmak
blunder = err, mistake. stunble,
bungle, misjudge, botch
blunder x succeed : baarmak
Yapt hatay dzeltmeye alan bir kii pot
krmaya devam edince arkadalar: Meseleyi
daha da BULANDIRma (blunder) HATA
YAPMAYA devam ediyorsun" diye uyanda
bulunurlar.
I realized I had blundered.
To err is humar.
t would be a fatal mistake to ignore my
advice.
Just relax and be confident, and you vvon't
stumble when you give your speech.
Our tour operators realiy bungled-they
booked us on the vvrong flight,
I thought irin vvasn't going to support me,
but I misjudged her.
I botched up my intervievv.
If you try hard you'll succeed.
235- core (kor) : z, esas
core = essence, kernel, crux,
centerpiece, centre, leart
core x exterior : d, harici
rak kllenmi atete kalay yapmaa kalk
nca. ustas: "Klde kalay yaplmaz Ate
KOR olmal, (core) in z. ESAS bu" der.
This is realiy the core of the problem.
The essence o' his argument was that
education should continue throughout life.
There is often a kernel of truth in what
they say.
The crux of the countrys econorni&problems is its foreign debt.
Marriage is no longer the centerpiece of
vvomen's life, she said.
His political vievvs are known to be right of
centre.
Lets get to the heart of the matter.
n some of the villages the exterior walls
of the houses are painted white.
! 31
132
236- kin (kin) : akraba
kin = relations. relatives. family
Bir sredir dargn olan iki yeen, bayram g
n karlanca: "Biz yeen deil miyiz' Bu
KN niye? (kin) AKRABAyz" diyerek bar
rlar.
Ali of her immediate kin are dead.
irin is a relation by marriage because
she married my brother.
Ali my distan relatives came to the wedding.
A new family has/have moved in next
door.
237- kinship (kn'ip) : akrabalk
kinship = relationship, kin, relation,
reiative
ki yeen yllar sonra ortak bir denizcilik ir
ketikurunca. adn da KN SH1P MENT CO.
koyar, (kinship) AKRABALIK Denizcilik
irketi.
Different etnnic groups have different Sys
tems of kinship.
Scientists have established the relation
ship betvveen lung cancer and smoking.
Ali of her immediate kin are dead.
The funeral was attended by friends and
relations.
I've got many blood relatives.

238- predict (pridkt') : nceden tahmin
etmek
predict = anticipate. prophesy, forsee.
foretell, forecast, divine
retmen: "Hangi hayvan dik atlayabilir?" diye
soranca, bir renci: "PRE DK atlar (predict)
NCEDEN TAHMN ETMEK zordur" der.
Nowadays it is possible to predict the time
of eclipses with great accuracy.
At this stage we can not really anticipate
what will happen.
She prophesied that there wou!d be a bad
winter.
I foresaw that my journey would be delayed
by bad vveather.
Who can foretell how the worid will end?
He confidently forecast a big increase in
sales, and he turned out to be right.
The gypsy looked into her crystal bali to
divine my future.
239- predicate (pred'keyt) : ifade etmek;
dorulamak
predicate = assert, affirm, declare,
proclaim, indicate, verify
predicate x deny : inkar etmek
Kate: "Biraz nce elinde ne saklyordun'" diye
sorduunda kocas: "FADE ETMEK gerekirse
PREYD KATE (predicate)" diye yant alr
t has been predicated that a seismic shock
was the cause of these phenomena.
The govemment has repeatedly asserted
that it will not change its policy,
She asserted her opinions.
The minister affirmed the government's
intention to reduce taxes.
Seh declared that she knew nothing about
the robbery.
His accent proclaimed his Amer ican origins.
He indicated his willingness with a nodof
his head.
The prisoner's statement was verified by
several witnesses
The minister has strenuously denied
these allegations.
134
240- gloomy (glu'mi) : skntl; mitsiz

gloomy = unhappy. duil, pessimistic,
cheerless, depressing. discouraging
gloomy x cheerful : neeli
Telefondaki sesinden kars GLn biraz SI
KINTILI olduunu hisseden kocas, akam
dn bir buket GL alr. Kapy aan eine:
-GL Y M? (gloomy) belki SIKINTINI gi
derir" der
We waited in a gloomy waiting room.
She is unhappy.
He vvrote dull, respectable articles for the
local nevvspaper.
The experts are pessimistic about our
chances of success.
They live in a bare, cheerless apartment
in downtown London.
VVhat depressing weather, were having!
Why are you always so discouraging
about my chances of getting a job?
She is very bright and cheerful this morning.
241- couch (kau) : beyan etmek, sylemek
couch = declare, express, announce,
proclaim, affirm, assert
couch x repudiate : reddetmek
Basketbol Milli Takm KOunun ma sonra
s verdii BEYANAT ertesi gn gazetelerde
u balkla yaynlanr: "KO BEYAN ETT
(couch) seneye ampiyon alacaz.
Youil have to hink carefully about how to
couch your reply to his letter.
They declared themselves (to be) bankrupt.
Children often express themselves in
painting.
They announced the death of their father
in the local paper.
Ali the countries have proclaimed their
loyalty to the alliance
The suspect affirmed that he had been at
home ali evening.
t is nonsense to assert that smoking
doesn't damage people's health.
The convict repudiated the charge that he
had tried to deceive them.

242- evaluate (ivaPymveyt): deerlendirmek
evaluate = appraise, assess, estimate.
gauge, judge, rate
evaluate x overrate : fazla nem
vermek, nemsemek
Hazrlanan raporu beenmeyen genel mdr:
"in EVVELYATn levalma^) DEER
LENDRMEK gerekir. Batan yazlsn diye
not der.
The school has only been pen six months,
so it's hard to evaluate its success.
She took a moment to appraise the situation before deciding how to act.
They assessed the value of the house at
$ 10 . 000 .
We haven't estimated the proper price for
the contract yet.
t was difficult to gauge the distance from
the shore to the Island.
t is difficult to judge his age.
How do you rate him as a footballer?
I think that film is overrated.
243- miscellaneous (msleynivs) : kark,
ok ynl
miscellaneous = sophisticated,
various, confusing, mixed
miscellaneous x primitive : ilkel
Bir komutan ordusuna emir verirken: Siz de
dmana MSLLEYNZ (miscellaneous)
ama KARIIK ve OK YNL olsun ki a
rp kalsnlar der.
missilleyiniz: (misilleme yapn, anlamnda
kullanlmtr).
The increase in inflation is due to higher
prices for food and miscellaneous household items.
I think a more sophisticated approach is
needed to solve this problem.
For various reasons I vvould prefer not to
meet her.
The instructions were so confusing I couldn't understand them.
He has mixed feelings about his daughters marriage.
Small sea shells were often used as a prim
itive kind of money.
135
i 36
244- chilly (l'i) : souk
ciilly = cold, cool, freezing. nippy, icy
chilly \ hot : scak
Yz LL bir askerin SOUKtan titredii
ni gren komutan nedenini sorunca, asker:
"Komutann benim yzm LL (chilly) SO
UK bana yaramyor" der.
I felt a bit chiiiy so I put on a coa.
You will be/get/feel cold it you dont wear
a coat.
It's freezing cold in here-Can I shut the
window, please?
n the late afternoon the breeze at the
beach can be nippy
Let me rub your icy hands.
How hot is the water?
245- cravvl (krl) : srnmek
cravvl = creep. incit, slink, vvorrn
cravvl x race : yarmak
Hollanda'nn nl futbolcusu KROL'i yllar
sonra perian halde gren bir arkada:
"KROL (cravvl) artk SRNYOR. Bu hl
lere decek adammyd" diye zlr,
The littie child, cravvled across the floor.
We crept upstairs so as not to wake the
baby.
I inched hrough the narrow space betvveen
the cars.
The defeated army slunk back to its
strongholds in the mountains.
We wormed our way through the crack in
the wail,
I used to race against (him) when we were
boys.
Kelime Ezberleten Kuramsal Szlk

246- urban (rbm) : ehre ait. kentsel
urban = civic. municipal, to\vn, eity.
metropolitan
urban x rural : krsal, kye ait
Yllar sonra kyne dnen bir bilim adamnn
can fena halde sklmaktadr. Durumu fark
eden annesi: "KURBAN artk sen (urban)
EHRE AT'sin kyde yapamazsn" der.
Some urban areas can look quite pretty.
A program of urban renewai has been initiated.
Civic leaders can not agree on what is
best for the city.
Municipal eiections will be held on April 23
rd.
1wil! meet you in the own park.
City life is becoming increasingly dangerous.
London Transport serves the whole met
ropolitan area.
Rural bus Services are often inadeguate
247- treaclerous (trers) : tehlikeli
treaclerous = dangerous, perilous,
risky, lazardous. dishonest.
disloyal, unfaithful
treacherous x safe : emniyetli
Olu TERE yemek isteyince annesi: "TERE
CS! (treacherous) TEHLKEL sen yiyemez
sin. TERE sana ac gelir'" der.
The snow had frozen hard and the ski
slopes were treacherous.
Motor-racing is a dangerous sport.
Climbers would often be overeome by
vertigo on the perilous descen.
Removing the fuse from an unexploded
bomb is always a risky operation.
Being the President's bodyguard was
obviously a hazardous occupation.
t was very dishonest of you to lie them
about your aualiications.
Two newspapers have been ciriiicized for
disloyal reporting of the war.
She has been unfaithful on more than one
occassion.
My mother vvished me a safe journey.
137
1 3 8
2 4 8 -entail (nteyl) : gerektirmek

entail = involve, bring about,
necessiate, cali for, demand, require
Bir grup aydn kendi aralarnda konuurken
ilerinden biri: Aydn olmak. ENTEL olmak
(entail) kkl bilgi GEREKTRR diye dn
cesini belirtir.
Such a large investment inevitably entails
some risk.
The operation involves putting a small
tube into your heart.
Science has brought about many changes
in our lives,
Lack of money necessiated a change of
plan.
This ort of work calls for a lot of patience.
This work demands your immediate attention.
This suggestion wil! reguire careful thought.
249- tamer (teymr) : terbiyeci, yetitirici
(hayvan v.s.)
TAMER adl bir kiinin LONDRA SRK'NDE (tamer) aslan TERBYECS olarak
altn dnn.
Tamer is a well-known lion tamer in
Turkey.
13 9

250- disband (dsbncT) : dalmak,
datmak
disband = disperse, break up,
separate, scatter, dissolve,
demobilize
disband x muster : toplamak
BAND bilindii zere "Orkestra, grup" anla
mna gelmektedir. te bu BANDlerin en nl
s THE BEATLES, 1972'de DAILINCA
bir gazete: "THIS BAND (The Beatles) (dis
band) DAILDI" diye balk atar.
He formed a political group vvhich disbanded a year later.
Security guards dispersed the crowd that
had gathered around the building
Their marriage broke up,
The two friends separated at the crossroads.
War separated the family.
The gunshot scarttered the birds
Parliment has been dissolved.
As soon as the peace treaty was signed,
soldiers begar demobilizing.
The tvvelfth division mustered on the hil.
burden
bemoar
beneficiary
agitate
span
bet
mark down
dire
blunder
core
kin
N____________________________
yk, klfet,
ykle(n)mek; sknt
vermek
(bir eyden) alayp
szlayarak ikayet
etmek
faydalanan (yararlanan)
kii
rahatsz etmek
sre; genilik
iddia etmek, bahse
girmek
fiyat indirmek; semek;
kayt etmek
dehetli, korkun; ciddi
gaf (hata) yapmak
z, esas
akraba
akrabalk
nceden tahmin etmek;
ifade etmek;
dorulamak
gloomy
: skntl; mitsiz
beyan etmek,
couch
sylemek
deerlendirmek
evaluate
miscellaneous . kark, ok ynl
: souk
chilly
: srnmek
crawl
urban
: ehre ait, kentsel
treacherous
: tehlikeli
; gerektirmek
entail
: terbiyeci, yetitirici
tamer
(hayvan v.s.)
: dalmak, datmak
disband
kinship
predict
predicate
.........
.................. J)
140

Find ihe right w ord almas (226-250)
1) Many pupils find homework a .............

a) span
b) core
c) burden
d) kin
e) exterior
2 ) The bad news will o n ly .......... h e r ........... let's vvait till tomorrovv to teli her
a) agitate
b) calm down c) predict
d) bemoan
e) bet
3) I ...........that she will not come..
a) bemoan
b) bet
c) calm down
d) predict
e) agitate
4) I realized I had ............. '
a) disbanded b) evaluated c) cravvled
d) blundered e) entailed
5) He formed a political group vvhich...........a year later.

a) mustered
b) entailed
c) disbanded
d) crawled
e) predicted
6 ) Youll have to hink carefully about how t o ...........your reply to his letter.
a) couch
b) predict
c) crawl
d) muster
e) disband
7) The school has only been pen six months, so it is hard t o ...........its success.
a) repudiate
b) disband
c) bemoan
d) evaluate
e) muster
8 ) Nowadays it is possible t o ...........the time of eclipses with great accuracy.
a) blunder
b) predict
c) repudiate
d) entail
e) bet
9) t vvould be a fa ta l...........to ignore my advice.
a) burden
b) span
c) kin
d) essence
e) mistake
10 ) t has b e e n ...........that a seismic shock was the cause of these phenomena.
a) predicated b) disbanded c) crawled
d) entailed
e) bemoaned
Synonym alm as (226-250)

1) We vvaited in a gloomy waiting-room.
a) miscellaneous b) various c) cheerful
d) splendid
e) dull
2) The increase in inflation is due to higher prices for food and miscellanepu
househoid items
a) sophisticated
b) chilly
c) dull
d) cool
e) treacherous
3) The snovv had frozen hard and the ski siopes were treacherous.
a) gloomy
b) cool
c) dangerous
d) sophisticated e) primitive
4) The litle child cravvled across the floor.
a) repudiated b) evaluated c) declared
d) crept
e) appraised
5) She ook a moment to apprae the siuation before deciding how to act.
a) overrate
bl evaluate
c) creep
d) predicate
e) predict
6) At this stage we can not really anticipate what will happen.
a) predict
b) overrate
c) err
d) mark down e) gamble
7) l'm very diturbed to hear that you havent yet done what I asked you to do.
a) asserted
b) blundered c) marked down d) agitated
e) evaluated
6) Most people vvould ondemn vlolence of any ort.
a) overrate
b) predict
c) bemoan
d) bet
e) mam up
141
9)
Don't strain your eyes trying to read in this dim light.

a) relieve
b) rejoice
c) bemoan
d) err
e) burden
10) Some of the sale goods have been mjj<edjdown by as much as 75 %.
a) reduced
b) erred
c) predicted
d) marked up e) overrated

1) t has been predicated tha a seismic shock was the cause of these phenomena.
a) involved
b) denied
c) affirmed
d) appraised e) crept
2) The sixth division mustered on the hill.
a) expressed
b) necessiated c) repudiated
d) eniailed
e) disbanded
3) Chiidren often express themselves in painting.
a) repudiate
b) disband
c) declare
d) muster
e) involve
4) We havent estimated the proper price for the contract yet.
a) appraised
b) entailed
c) overrated
d) denied
e) mustered
5) She is unhappy.
a) gloomy
b) cheerful
c) cheerless
d) dire
e) terrible
6) Just retax and be confident, and you vvon' stumble when you give your
speech.
a) bet
b) reduce
c) stake
d) succeed
e) blunder
7) Clam down, for goodness sake. It's nothing to get excited about! .
a) agitate
b) larnent
c) blunder
d) overrate
e) necessiate
8) Everyone reioiced at the news of his safe return.
a) relieved
b) bemoaned c) gambled
d) marked down e) overrated
9) Interest rates have been lowered again.
a) predicted
b) marked down
c) blundered d) marked up
10) I think a more sophisticated approach is needed to solve this problem,
a) treacherous b) chilly
c) primitive
d) gloomy
e) cheerful
V ocabulary alm as (226-250)

urban,
various.
1)
2)
3)
4)
entails.
chiliy.
perilous.
gauge.
tamer.
verified,
demobilizing.
kinship
S o m e ...........areas can look quke pretty.

Such a large investment inevitably...........some risk.
Climbers would oten be overcome by vertigo on t h e ...........aesceni.
Tamer is a weil-known lion ..........in Turkey.
5) As soon as the peace treaiy vvas signed, soldiers b e g a n .............

6) F o r ...........reasons I would prsfer not to meet her.
7) I felt a b it ...........so ! put on a coa.
8) t vvas difficult t o ...........the d i s t a n c e from the shore to the island.
142
9)
The prisoner's statement w a s ......... by several vvitnesses.
10)
Different ethnic groups have different Systems o f ............

1) During the w a r,...........was punishable by death. (desert)
2) l dont know what's the matter with Jack lately. H is ...........seems to be getting
vvorse and vvorse. (behave)
3) W h a t...........do you need to become a doctor? (qualify)
4) You can aivvays rely on Mr. MonL He is v e ry ..... ....... (depend)
5) He was born blind; but despite th is ...........he stili managed to become one of
the top Pop singers of his generation. (able)
6 ) ........ I'm in favour of the plan, but there are stili one or two points that lm not
entirely happy with. (base)
7) What a lovely painting! Your daughter must be v e ry ..........., Mrs. Smith. (art)
8) I thirk its v e r y ...........of him to expect us to work overtime every night this
week. (reason)
9) Theres a saying in English: ...........speak louder than words. (act)
10) That rule is n o t...........in this case. (apply)
11) I don't think Ali has been getting too much sleep lately His eyes are terribly
(blood)
12) English is a ...........easy language fot Svvedes to learn. (compare)
13) Now, dont teli anyone else what lve just told you. Remember, it i s .............
(confide)
14) I dont think their marriage will last long. They a re ...........guarrelling, (continue)

251- pacify (pasfay) : uzlatrmak,
bartrmak
pacify = conciliate, appease,
propitiate, mollifv, reconcile, reunite
pacify x aggravate : kzdrmak
Kzlderililer arasndaki anlamazla PASF
AY adl bir bilge zm bulur. Yaplan konu
mada: "Eer PASF AY olmasayd bizi (pa
cify) UZLATIRMAK, BARITIRMAK
mmkn olmazd" denilir.
t was difficult for the polie to pacify the
angry crovvd.
He vvould not waste any more time trying
to conciliate her.
She claimed that the government had
only changed the law in order to appease
their critics
The radicals in the party were clearly sacked
to propitiate the conservative core.
You vvon't be able to mollify her with flowers.
How do yo.u reconcile your political principles with your religious beliefs?
Do you think the two parts of RELAND
will ever reunite?
Men aggravate me when they go on about
how impractical women are.
252- target (targt) : hedef
target = aitn, goal, mark, objective,
object, purpose
rencisinin TAR aln beenmeyen mzik
retmeni: "TAR GT iyi al, (target) HE
DEF'e ulamak kolay deildir" der.
The target of the attack vvas an airport in
the enter of the city.
1dont know what his aims were in making
such an accusation.
The company has achieved ali its goals
this year.
The bullet vvas aimed at his head, but luckily it missed its mark.
We have succeeded in our main objectives.
The object of his visit vvas to pen the new
school.
Our purpose in Bosnia is to maintain peace
143
144
253- perish (per') : lmek: m alnolm ak,
>ok olmak
perish = die. detease. e\p ire. decay.
pass a\u \/on , tollapse
perish \ last : srmek, devan etnek
Kocas len PERHAN hanm teselli etmek
isteyen komusu: PER (perish) zntden
MAHVOLDUN. Bu kadar kendini zme" der.
Hundreds perish in airerash disaster!
She is very H and I am afraid she is dying
Upon my decease my children will inherit
everything
1 thought 1 was going to expire after hat
tu n !
The role of the extended family has been
decaying for some time.
He is terribly upset because his wife passed
away/on last week.
The bed collaped as soon as we got in
1wish the holiday could last forever.
254- red-handed (redhiin'dd) : sust
red-handed = in flagrante delicto
"KIRMIZI KOLLU" adyla tannan bir zanl
(red-handed) SUST yakalannca herkes
rahat eder
The polie caught him red-handed vvhile
he vvas just putting the diamonds in his
pocket
The vvitness at the trial said hat he saw
the accused person in a situaion vvhich
vvas exactly what in flagrante delicto
meant.
K e l i m e
E z b e r l e t e n
K u r g u c a 1 S z l k

255- canny (kani) : dikkatli; akgz;
becerikli; sakin: tutumlu
canny = shrevvd. caref'ul; capable;
skillful; calm; thrifty
canny x careless : dikkatsiz.
ngilizce retmeni modal fiilleri anlatrken:
"CAN i (canny) DKKATL kullann "CAN"
deiik anlamlara gelebilir" der.
She struck a canny bargain with her exemployer.
t was shrevvd of you to make that investment.
She was careful not to show her real feelings.
He is a capable surgeon.
Polie officers have to be skillful drivers
She is not very good at keeping / staying
calm in difficult situations
They have plenty of money now, but they
have stili tend to be thrifty.
t was very careless of you to lose the
documents.
256- purely (pyrli) : sadece, yalnzca
purely = esclusively, only, merely.
simply, vvholly, totally
T V d e yemek tarifi yapan Necini Usta, piir
dii yemein SADECE (purely) PREL ye
nilmesini ta\ siye eder.
I helped him purely and simply out of
friendship.
B. Osman writes exc!usively for the Nevv
York Times.
I was the only person on the train
I vvasn't complaining, I merely said that I
was tired.
The child's picture was simply dravvn.
That's a vvholly different matter.
I totally agree with you
145
146
257- roughlv (rAfTi) : kabaca, aa yukar
roughly = nearly. more or less.
alnost, approximately. about,
rudely
roughly x politely : kibarca
Kitapl olmayan bir renci: "KABACA 810 RAFLI (roughly) kitaplm olsa btn ki
taplarm kovardm"' diye dnr.
Roughly chop the parsiey and mix il with
the garlic.
He pushed the children roughly to one side.
Ive nearly finished that book you lent me
He more or less admitted he had done it.
Im almost fourty-five.
The job will take approximately three
weeks.
We got married about a year ago.
And what's going on here? he said rudely.
I can not go out tonight Ali said politely
258- grain (greyn) : tahl
grain = cereal, corn, seed
Kyllerin daha fazla vergi vermemek iin,
rettikleri TAHIL (grain) GR 1NN adl bir
handa saklad ortaya kar. Ancak Kralie
Elizabet onlar balar.
The grain harvest was completed by the
slaves
This region is one in which a lot of cereal
is grown.
Buy peanuts and corn-chips for the party.
The seeds of friendship were sown early,
and they remained lifelong companions.

259- decline (diklavn-) : azalmak, eksilmek
decline = diminish, drvindle, curtail,
go do\vn, cut dovvn, reduce
decline x increase : artmak
Misketlerini DK ZGye koymad iin s
rekli kaybeden ocua, aabeyi: "Misketleri
DK LNE izgiye koy. O zaman zararn (dec
line) AZALIR diye t verir.
His interest in the project declined afler
his wife died.
What he did has seriously diminished him
in many people's eyes.
His hopes gradually dvvindled away.
The new government severely curtailed
public spending.
The value of the dollar has gne down
again.
I haven't given up smoking but lm cutting
down.
Cut down on fatty foods,
I reduced (my) weight by going on a diet.
The company's sales have increased ten
fold in the last year.
260- fiil (fil): yapmak, icra etmek;
doldurmak
fiil = execute, achieve, fulfil,
accomplish, carry out. perform
(ili x fail : baarsz olmak
Ormanda kesilen tomruklarn tanmas sorun
olunca, bir ii: Bu ii yapsa yapsa FL yapar
Bunu YAPMAK (fiil) bir Fil'in ii" der.
t has filled this role in a most satisfactory
way for many years.
The defence plan was good, but it was
badly executed.
Democracy is very hard to achieve.
A school fails if it does not fulfil the needs
of its pupils,
The students accomplished the task in
less than ten minutes.
Our soldiers carried out a successful
attack last night.
The operation will be performed next month.
He failed to reach the VVmbledon final this
yeat.
147
148
261- unleash (Anli' : serbest brakmak

unleash = release. free. acquit. elear.
set free. let somebody out, let
someboch go
unleasl x arrest : tutuklamak
Ehliyetsiz araba kulland iin sorgulanan o
cuun annesi: "Biraz ANLAYI gsterin (un
leash) SERBEST BIRAKIN olumu" der
At worst, nuclear war could be unleashed.
He was at last reieased from the burden
of responsibility.
Wnen will the prisoners be freed?
The jury acquitted him.
He has been cleared of murdering the old
lady.
Most of the prisoners of war were set free
after the war ended
Let me outl'm innoceni!
I just kept praying everyday that the kidnappers wou!d let me go
They have arrested her on suspicion of
drug-dealing.
26 2-spot (spat) : tanmak, bulmak
spot = recognize. identify, make out,
recall. recolleet, place
spot x overlook : gzden karmak
Polisin, pheli) i arabasnn SPOT lambala
rndan (spot) TANIDIINI. BULDUUNU
hayal edin.
He spotied a bad mistake in the accounts
Dr. Smith immeaiately recognized the
child's sympoms: she had measles.
He was asked to identify the criminal.
I can just make out the vvriting.
I ca n i recall the exact details of the report
As far as I (can) recolleet. her name is Nihan.
l'm sure l've met her before somevvhere, I
cant quite place her.
These little details are easily overlooked.
Kelime Ezberleten Kuruusal Szlk

263- exigenc\ (ek'stcnsi) : kriz, nlem
alma> gerektiren olay
e.xigency = crisis, emergencv.
dif'tkulty, hardship, necessity,
extremity
Petrol kuyularn denetleyen mhendis hazr
lad raporda: "Kullanlan teknoloji ESK
CNS, retimde (exigecy) KRZ yaamak
istemiyorsak, acilen modernlemeye gitme
miz gerekir" der.
Economic exigency obliged the governrnent lo act.
Ring the beli in an emergency.
The difficulty of the task excited them.
Hardship is part of life in this war-torn city.
There is no necessity to pay in advance
She tried to remember how things had
ever reached such an extremity.
264- sphere (sfr) : alan, saha
sphere = feld, province, territory.
department, rage
At talimlerinde hep karavana atan acemi er
lere kzan komutan: "SPERe girmeden (sphe
re) ALAN, SAHA belirlemeden at yaparsa
nz byle karavana atarsnz" der.
Most of our friends come from the same
social sphere as we do.
He is an expert in the field of military history.
Marketing is within the province of the
sales department.
This is Turkish territory
The value of dollar fluctuated vvithin a narrow range yesterday.
14 9
265- shelter (eftir) : snmak; korumak

shelter = protect, cover, defend,
shield. hide, guard
shelter x expose : maruz kalmak
(tehlike v.s.)
naa edilen SIINAK hakknda bilgi veren
mimar: "SIINMAK iin (shelter) u krmz
ALTER aaya doru indirin" der.
We vvere caught in a thunderstorm, without anywhere to shelter.
These gloves vvill protect your hands
against ihe cold.
She covered her eyes with her hands.
They are fighting to defend their rights /
beliefs / interests.
The polie believe the murderer is being
shielded by a friend or family member.
They hid the escaped prisoner in their
bam.
The dog guarded the house against intruders.
The sotdiers vvere exposed to considerable danger.
266- eyesight (aysayt) : grme yetenei,
gr mesafesi
eyesight = perception, vision,
discernment, observation
Gz tansiyonu kan yal bir kadn duvar sa
atini bir an iin gremeyince: "AY SAAT g
remiyorum 1 Galiba (eyesight) GRME YE
TENEN kaybettim!" diye zntye kaplr.
You need to have your eyesight tested.
They have a different perception of how
business should be conducted.
The company needs to employ managers
vvith vision.
t is clear that you are a person of discern
ment.
She has remarkable powers of observa
tion (=is very good at noticing things).

267- prey (prey) : avlamak
prev = hunt, seize, exploit, oppress,
ininidate, take advantage of
Yeni ald siyam kedisinden pek memnun
olan sahibi: "Kedim yle avcdr ki PREyi bi
le (prey) AVLAR" diye vnr.
The black-widow preys on (kills and eats)
small flies and other insects.
Cats like to hunt mice and birds.
You should seize the opportuniy with both
hands.
t vvould be a erime not exploit such a perfect opportunity.
The new government oppressed the people.
They tried to intimidate him into doing
what they vvanted
The children tend to take advantage of
their grandparents.
268- mil! (mil) : fabrika
mili = factory, plant
Erzurum'dan ykledii mallar zmir'deki
FABRKAya gtren for artk iyice yoru
lunca. yardmcsna: FABRKA ka ML
(mili) tede?" diye sorar.
Our mili is bigger than theirs,
She works in/at a factory.
They have just built a new Chemical plant.
151

269- blane (bleym) : sulamak; sorumlu
tutmak
blame = condenn. censure, accuse.
charge, inclict. impeach
blame x acquit : beraat ettirmek
Krmz kta getii iin kendisine araba ar
pan yal adamn bilei incinir. Adamcaz:
-BLEM! BLEM! Kimseyi (blame)
SULAMAK istemiyorum. Sulu benim" der
Dont blame me if it doesn't work - it is not
my fault.
Opposition parties condemned her for her
callousness.
The minister was censured tor negligence.
Are you accusing me of cheating?
He was charged with robbery.
He was indicted for manslaughter.
The governor was impeached for vvrongful
use of State money.
George Benson was acquitted of ali the
charges against him.
270- vie (vay) : rekabet etmek, yarmak
vie = compete, strive. contest,
contend, struggle for, fight for
vie x allv : birlemek
Hzl araba kullanmasyla nl bir gen, kar
sna kan rakibini kmseyerek: "VAY!
VAY! VAY! demek benimle (vie) YARI
MAK istiyorsun Hodri meydan!" der.
The shipping companies vied with each
other to make the fastest Atlantic Crossing.
Several advertising agencies are competing to get the contract.
We must strive for perfection.
How many people are contesting the seat
on the couneil?
They are contending for the charrpionship.
Most animals have to struggle for existence
in a dangerous vvorld.
We had to fight the other firm for the con
tract
The small country allied itself with/to the
stronger povver.

271- violate (vay'leyt) : kanunlara aykr
hareket etmek, ihlal etmek
violate = break. disobey. contravene.
infringe, break, oppose
violate x obey : itiat etmek.
Bir sabkal ayn sucum teRrar mahkemeye
kartlnca hakim: "V AY L L m (.violate) KA
NUNLARA AYKIRI HAREKET ETMEK
neymi sana gstereceim!" diye barr.
They were charged with violating federal
law.
t seems that the planes deliberately violated the cease-fire agreement.
His orders had been disobeyed.
They contravened the apartheid laws regularly.
The prisoners complained that their rights
were being nfringed.
Ali has broken his word
Most of the local residents opposed the
closing of their hospital.
Soldiers are expected to obey their officers without guestion.
272- via (vay') : ...yolu ile ,... geerek
via = by means of, by vvay of, througl
Ali: Antalya'ya en ksa yol hangisi" diye so
runca. arkada: "Korkuteli"nden" der. Ali'de:
"VAAY! Demek Korkuteli (via) YOLU LE
TOROSLAR'dan GEEREK. Benim aklma
gelmedi" der.
I sent a message to Ahmet via his sister.
We express our thoughts by means of
words.
Why don't you travel to Antalya by vvay of
Korkuteli.
The other route takes you through prettier
countryside.
153
154
273- game (geym) : cesur, gzpek

game = brave. valiant, fearless,
courageous, bold, heroic
game x covvardly : korkak
Gladyatr okuluna sava olarak eitilmek
zere gelen bir kii: Bu oyunu GAME oyna
mak iin (game) CESUR olmak lazm yoksa
baaramam" der.
t was difficult challange but Jack was game.
They were brave children and did not cry
or make a fuss.
Her valiant efforts saved her friend's life.
The Comanche Indians were great and
fearless vvarriors.
The courageous girl swam across the
flooded river to get help.
His bold deed was admired by everyone.
The heroic fireman carried the woman
from the burning house.
This was a particularly brutal and covvardly attack.
274- phiiathropic (flnthrap'k): iyiliksever
philantlropic = benevolent, kind,
generous, charitable, humane, good
philanthropic x selfish : bencil
Okalipts aac nerede yetiir diye soran olu
na. babas cevab kesin bilmediinden rastgele yant verir: "te FLAN TROPK ormanda
yetien (philanthropic) doaya faydal. Y
LKSEVER bir aatr/
_________
Few cornpanies offer money purely as a
philanthropic gesture.
Ahmet was a benevolent old man, he
vvouldnt hurt a fly.
t is really vvonderful to have such kind
neighbours.
t was very generous of you to lend us
your car
The entire organization is funded by charitable donations.
VVhats the rnost humane method of killing
rats and mice?
There are good and bad people wherever
you go.
VVhat a selfish boy you are! Let the other
children share your toys.
155
275- encunber (inkAmbr) : engel olmak

encumber = curb, prevent, hamper,
hinder, inpede. restrain, obstruct
encumber x support : destek olmak
Yllardr bota gezen oluna kzan baba: "Sen
benim srlmda KAMBURsun. Artk srtm
dan N KAMBUR (encumber). Her eyime
ENGEL OLUYORSUN! diye kzar.
Holidays were impossible, the family was
so encumbered by debt.
The government should act to curb tax
evasion
The tragedy could have been prevented.
The secret operation was hampered by
appalling weather conditions.
This unfortunate incident may hinder the
progress of the peace talks.
The rescue attempt was impeded by bad
vveather.
If you cant restrain your dog you must
lock it up.
The broken-down truck obstructed the
traffic,
My family has alvvays supported me in
whatever I have wanted to do.
0 pacify
target
perish
red-handed
canny
purely
roughly
grain
decline
fiil
unleash
spot
i exigency
v
: uzlatrmak,
bartrmak
hedef
: lmek; mahvolmak,
yok olmak
: sust
; dikkatli; akgz;
becerikli; sakin;
tutumlu
: sadece, yalnzca
; kabaca, aa yukar
; tahl
: azalmak, eksilmek
: yapmak, icra etmek;
doldurmak
; serbest brakmak
: tanmak, bulmak
: kriz, nem almay,
gerektiren olay
sphere
shelter
eyesight
prey
mili
blame
vie
violate
via
game
philanthropic
encum ber
alan, saha
;
snmak; korumak
grme yetenei, gr:
mesafesi
avlamak
fabrika
sulamak; sorumlu
tutmak
rekabet etmek,
yarmak
kanunlara aykr
hareket etmek, ihlal
etmek
..yolu ile.....geerek
cesur, gzpek
iyiliksever
engel olmak
... )
156

1) The government should act to .......... tax evasion.

a) curb
b) violate
c) prey
d) acguit
e)
2) D on't.......... me if it doesnt w o rk .......... it is not my fault.
a) prey
b) acguit
c) blarne
d) expose
e)
3) H e .......... a bad mistake in the accounts.
a) unleashed b) arrested
c) declined
d) dwindled
e)
4) He was at la s t.......... from the burden of responsibility.
a) filled
b) released
c) arrested
d) spotted
e)
5) His interest in the project....... ... after his wife died.
c) executed
a) recognized b) acguited
d) declined
e)
6) At worst, nuclear war could be
a) unleashed b) sheltered
c) blamed
d) violated
e)
7) Hundreds.... .....in aircrash disaster!
a) diminish
b) perish
c) increase
b) blame
e)
8) t h a s .......... this role in a most satisfactory way for many years.
a) increased
b) exposed
c) violated
d) acguitted
e)
9) Economic.... ..... obliged the goverment to act
b) sphere
a) exigency
c) e mili
d) grain
e)
10) We were caught in a thunderstorm, without anyvvhere t o ......
a) vie
b) acguit
c) shelter
d) perish
e)
expose
vie
spotted
made out
arrested
supported
recognize
filled
cereal
blame
1) Rouahly chop the parsley and mix it with the garlic.

a) slyly
b) neariy
c) exuberant!y d) diligently
2) The new government severely curtailed public spending.
a) declined
b) exposed
c) perished
d) filled
3) Upon my decease my children wil! inherit everything.
a) expose
b) decline
c) die
d) pacify
4) Cats like to hunt mice and birds.
a) decease
b) decline
c) die
d) prey
5) The defence plan was good, but is was badly executed.
a) exposed
b) deceased c) dwindled
d) perished
6) He spotted a bad mistake in the accounts.
a) recognized b) dwindled
c) died
d) exposed
7) He is an expert in the field of military history.
a) perception
b) eyesight
c) sphere
d) exigency
8) You need to have your eyesight tested.
a) grain
b) perception c) exigency
d) field
e) assiduously
e) expired
e) dwindle
e) fiil
e) carried out
e) filled
e) emergency
e) mili
157

9)
The company has achieved ali its goals this year.

a) perception b) grain
c) tield
d) mili
10) He vvould not waste any more time trying to conciliateher.
a) recognize
b) perish
c) expose
d) pacify
e)target
e) fili

1) t was difficult for the polie to pacify the angry crovvd.
a) conciliate
b) perish
c) fiil
d) aggravate e) decline
2) What he did has seriously diminished him in many people's eyes.
a) increased
b) filled
c) aggravated d) conciliated e) unleashed
3) Strong feelings had been unleashed in me by the news of the bomb.
a) freed
b) arrested
c) filled
d) aggravated e) conciliated
4) He was asked to identify the criminal.
a) unleashed b) recognized c) spotied
d) increased
e) overlooked
5) These gloves will protect your hands against the cold.
a) shelter
b) expose
c) free
d) conciliate
e) perish
6) Dont blame me if it doesn't work - its not my Sault,
a) acquit
b) shelter
c) aggravate
d) perish
e) diminish
7) The shipping companies vied with each other to rnake the fastest Atlantic
Crossing,
a) spotted
b) arrested
c) allied
d) acquitted
e) unleashed
8) t seems that the planes deliberately violated the cease-fire agreement.
a) aggravated b) conciliated c) shelered
d) increased e) obeyed
9) Holidays were impossible, the family was so encumbered by debt.
a) supported
b) exposed
c) declined
d) acquitted
e) disobeyed
10) Few companies offer money purely as a philanthropic gesture,
a) benevoient b) selfish
c) game
d) valiant
e) covvardly

red-handed,
declined,
purely,
sphere,
aims,
exigency.
pacify,
eyesight,
roughly
via
1) The polie caught h im ...........while he was just putting the diamonds in his
pocket.
2) I helped h im ...........and simply out of friendship.
3) I dont know what his ............were in making such an accusation.
4) t was difficult for the polie t o ...........the angry crovvd.
5) He pushed the ch ild re n ...........to one side.
6) His interest in the p ro je c t...........after his wife died.
7) Most of our friends corre from the same s o c ia l.......... as we do.
1 5 8

8) Econom ic.......... obliged the governmert to act.
9) You need to have y o u r...........tested.

10) I sent a message to R e yhan......... his brother,,

1) The dispute was settled by a n ...........that satisfied both sides. (agree)
2) Round-the-clock p o li e ...........is given to ali senior politicians. (protect)
3) ...........met in front of the embassy to demand the release of ali political prisoners. (protest)
4) He put an arm around her shoulder............. (protect)
5) We vvished her a sp e e d y...........from her illness. (recover)
6) Aye has v e ry ...........hadwriting.. (recognize)
7) The teacher punished the child f o r ............. (obey)
8) Librarians spend a lot of their tim e ...........books. (class)
9) I dont are if youd had to much to drink. Your behaviour last night was quite
(defend)
10) If you think lm going too marry you, then l'm afraid you are very m u c h ...........
. (take)
11) The man was found guilty of fraud and sentenced to three years ..............
(prison)
12) Despite the star-studded cast, the film was o n ly ...........successful. (part)

276- drovvsy (drauzi) : uyuuk,
arlk basm
dro\vsy = somnolent, dozy, tired,
sluggisl, exlausted, dazed
dro\vsy x alert : uyank
Gnlerdir ormanda gizlenen kanun kaan

AIRLIK BASINCA etrafn polisler sarar.
Komiser: "DUR AS (drovrsy) zaten sana
AIRLIK BASMI, UYUUK bir haldesin.
Hi bir yere kaamazsn" diye uyanda bulunur.
The room is so warm it is making me feel
drowsy.
Because of his somnolent voice students
find it difficult to concentrate in his classes.
That dozy secretary has sent me the
wrong letter.
I don't want to go for a walk; lm too tired.
The heat has made me feel tired and sluggish.
1was absolutely exhaused.
He was too dazed by the news to answer
straight away.
A couple of alert readers wrote into the
paper pointing out the mistake.
277- hinder (hndr) : engellemek,
mani olmak
hinder = hamper, obstruct, prevent.
discourage, avert, stop
hinder x encourage : cesaretlendirmek
renci yurduna yeni yerleen renciyi.

HN '1: oda arkada konusunda uyarrlarken:
"Senin HNTli oda arkadan tam bir HN
DR. Baarn ENGELLEMEK (hinder) iin
elinden geleni yapar" derler.
As usual research has been hindered by
the lack of funds.
VVomen must have been severely hampered by their long narrovv skirts.
t is a erime for the President to obstruct
justice.
Its simply not true that vitamin C prevents
colds.
Higher taxes are likely to discourage
investment.
t may already be too late to avert another
disaster.
How can 1stop my son biting his fingernails.
Lower rates of taxation will encourage
people to work harder.
159
1 5 8

8) Econom ic...........obliged the government lo ac.
9) You need to have y o u r...........tested.

10) l sent a message to R e yhan......... his brother.

1) The dispute was settled by a n ...........that satisfied both sides.. (agree)
2) Rourd-the-ciock p o li e ...........is given to ail senior politicians. (protect)
3) ...........met in front of the embassy to demand the release of ali political prisoners. (protest)
4) He put an arm around her sh o u lde r.............(protect)
5) We wished her a sp e e d y...........from her illness. (recover)
6) Aye has v e ry ...........hadvvriting. (recognize)
7) The teacher punished the child f o r .............(obey)
8) Librarians spend a lot of their tim e ...........books. (class)
9) I dont are if you'd had to much to drink. Your behaviour last nigh was quite
............. (defend)
10) f you think Im going too marry you, then l'm afraid you are very m u c h ...........
. (take)
11) The man was found guilty of fraud and sentenced to three years ..............
(prison)
12) Despie the star-studded cast, the film was o n ly ...........successful, (part)
276.
300. Kelimeler
276- drcnvsy (drauzi) : uyuuk.

arlk basm
drovvsy = somnolent, dozy, tired,
sluggish, exlausted, dazed
drovvsy x alert : uyank
Gnlerdir ormanda gizlenen kanun kaan

AIRLIK BASINCA etrafn polisler sarar.
Komiser: DUR AS (drovvsy) zaen sana
AIRLIK BASMI, UYUUK bir haldesin.
Hi bir yere kaamazsn" diye uyarda bulunur.
The room is so warm it is making me feel
drovvsy.
Because of his somnolent voice sudents
find it difficult to concentrate in his classes.
That dozy secretary has sent me the
wrong letter.
I don't want to go tor a walk; lm too tired.
The heat has made me feel tired and slug
gish.
I vvas absolutely exhausted.
He was too dazed by the news to answer
straight away
A couple of alert readers vvrote into the
paper pointing out the mistake.
277- hinder (hndr) : engellemek,
mani olmak
hinder = hamper, obstruct, prevent,
discourage, avert. stop
hinder x encourage : cesaretlendirmek
renci yurduna yeni yerleen renciyi.

HNT' 1i oda arkada konusunda uyarrlarken:
Senin HNTIi oda arkadasn tam bir HN
DR. Baarn ENGELLEMEK (hinder) iin
elinden geleni yapar" derler.
As usual research has been hindered by
the lack of funds.
Women must have been severely hampered by their lorg narrovv skirts.
t is a erime for the President to obstruct
justice.
It's simpiy not true that vitamin C prevents
colds
Higher taxes are likely to discourage
investment.
t may already be too late to avert another
disaster.
How can 1stop my son biting his fingernails.
Lovver rates of taxation will encourage
people to work harder.
159
160
278- holocaust (haLkst) : katliam,

soykrm
holocaust = slaughter, genocide,
earnage, destruetion, devastation
Hizmetinin antika haly KOST adl amar
suyuyla temizlediini gren evhannu: "HALI
KST la" ile ykanrsa (holocaust) K A TL
AM olur. Bunu nasl yaparsn? diye kzar.
The Holocaust was the killing of many
Jews and others by Nazis before and during the second world war.
We must find ways of reducing the
slaughter which takes place on our roads
every year.
He was a tvrant and guilty of genocide.
We were horrified to witness such terrible
earnage.
The war led to widespread death and
destruetion.
The scene after the explosion was one of
utter devastation.
Kendi gelitirdii zayflama diyetini basna ta

ntan Dr. RPYL: "RPYU DYETni (repudi
ate) KABUL ETMEYEN bnyelerde olabilir
diye bilgi verir.
He repudiated ali offers of friendship.
I hope you will not refuse my request.
Apparently she turned him down.
He renounced the use of violence.
She rejected my suggestion.
She rebuffed ali my offers of friendship.
He has rebutted charges that he has been
involed in any financial malpractice.
Historians generally acknowledge her as
a genius in her field.
li;'
279- repudiate (ripyudiyeyt) : reddetmek,

kabul etmemek
repudiate = refuse, turn do\vn,
renounce, reject, rebuff, rebut
repudiate x ackn.ovvledge : onaylamak

280- tie (tay) : balamak
tie = bind, truss up. knott. fasten.
link, connect
tie x disconnect : ayrmak
Acemi seyis TAYlarn bulunduu iti kapat
may unutunca, iftlik sahibi: "TAYlan (tie)
BALAMAK, iti kapal tutmak senin gre
vin" diye uyanda bulunur.
If you stili love me, tie a yellovv ribbon
round the old oak tree.
They bound an umbreila to a pole to get
some shade.
The polie said the couple had been
trussed up and robbed before being shot.
She knotted the ends together,
The tabloid nevvspapers have fastened on
popular psychology (=have suddenly
taken a great interest in this).
Heart disease can be linked to smoking.
The polie have not managed to connect
him with the murder.
Disconnect these two vvires.
281- tootisome (tuth'sm) : lezzetli
toothsome = delicious, palatable,
tasty, good, appetizing, tempting
toothsome x nasty : lezzetsiz
Karsnn kestane yediini gren SAM: "LEZ
ZETL mi?" diye sorar. Ei bir tane uzatarak:
"TT SAM (toothsome) ok LEZZETL" der
Lamb casserole makes an excellent family dish, toothsome in flavour and robust in
texture.
That was a delicious dinner you cooked
The wine is extremely palatable and is
reasonably cheap.
The soup was very tasty.
This is a really good pizza. I think l'll have
another slice.
An appetizing smell of baked apples filled
the house
The tempting aroma of roast beef vvafted
up the stairs.
Unless some action is taken now, the government could be in tor a nasty shock/surprise.
1 6 1
162
282- trick (trk) : hile (yapmak)

trick = delude, dupe, take in, cleat.
deceive, fool, mislead
Masann altndan TRK TRK diye sesler ge
lince, RED KT oyun oynad arkadann
(trick) HLE YAPTIINI anlan
Her pleader claimed hat she had been
tricked into making a false confession.
He deluded evetyone into following him.
He claimed it was a put-up job and that he
had been duped.
VVere you really taken in by an old trick
like that?
Any student caught cheating will be disqualified from the exam,
They deceived her into signing the papers,
She fooled the old man ou of ali his money.
They were misled into buying a car.
283- fuss (f'As) : yaygara, kuru grlt
fuss = hubbub, din, riot, comnotion,
ado, hullabaloo
fuss x peace : bar
FAS Haber Ajans'na yaplan bir ihbarn ger
ek olmad anlalnca, genel mdr: FASta herey normal. Demek ki ihbar (fuss) YAY
GARA, KURU GRLTden ibaret diye
dnr.
Dont make a fuss, darling, it is only a little cut.
There was an increasing hubbub from the
great reception hail below.
Even though it was so hot, I closed ali the
windows to shut out the din of the traffic
When the two rival gans met there was a
riot in the Street.
There was a great cornmotion in the park
when two cats started fighting.
VVithout more ado, let me introduce
tonights guesis.
She made a great hullabaloo when he
accidently tripped her.
After two years of war, the people longed
for peace.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurumsal Szlk
162
284- garrulous (geryhs) : geveze

garrulous = talkative, chatty,
eommunicative, locjuacious, voluble
garrulous x taciturn : az konuan
t ncesi kuruyan nevresimleri GERMEK
iin olu YUNUSu aran annesi, ocuun
GEVEZElik yaptn grnce: Nevresimi
GER YUNUS (garrulous) GEVEZE biri ol
dun" diye sylenir.
I had expected her to be tat and garru
lous.
He is a lively, talkative person.
My boss is a friendly, chatty ort of man.
Our teacher is friendly, eommunicative
person.
He is very loquacious about his experiences.
He is voluble if you get him taiking about
his favourite pastime,
I dont like her much; she was distant and
taciturn.
285- mortgage (mrgc) : ipotek (etmek)
mortgage = pawn, obligate, oblige.
pledge, vvarranty
Fesbank krediler mdr listeleri incelerken
deme yapt halde MOR iaret konulmam
bir mteriyi farkedince: Bu MOR GE!
ama dierlerini (mortgage) POTEK ET
MEK" zorundaym der.
His business is failing; he has mortgaged
ali his assets to try to save it.
Of ail items pavvned, jevvellery is the most
common.
He felt obligated to visit his parents.
Failing profits obliged them to elose the
factory.
Ali the candidates have given/made
pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected.
They have pledged their support for our
case.
The warranty covers the car mechanically
for a year with unlimited milleage.
164
286- solitary (salteri) : yalnz, tek bana
solitary = lonely, alone, f'riendless,
lonesome, forlorn. reclusive, lone
Mterisiyle SALI pazarndan gelen hanmala. bir arkada: Neden byle TERledin?" di
ye soranca: Ne yapalm! SALI TER (soli
tary) YALNIZ yayorum. Ama almadan
da olmuyor" der.
He is a solitary ort of person and has
always lived alone.
She felt lonely vvhen her best friend was
away.
He was alone in the dark house.
She found herself alone and friendless in
a foreign city.
I get so lonesome here with no one to talk
to.
He looked a bit forlorn, standing there
waving goodbye.
He is reclusive by nature but his family try
o visit him often.
They could see a lone traveller coming
tovvards them.
287- solemn (salm) : arbal, ciddi
solemn : serious, grave. stern, sober,
earnest, sincere, sedate
soiemn x frivolous : nemsiz; anlamsz
Baterist SALM CDD almasnn sonucu
orkestraya kabul edilince, arkadalar: SA
LM (solemn) AIRBALI ve CDD birmzikidir. Bunu buketti" derler.
The signing of this treaty is a solemn
moment in our nations history.
I have brought you here to discuss a very
serious matter
She listened to his story with a grave
expression.
He gave them a stern vvarning.
The sad news put us in a sober mood.
She made an earnest attempt to convert
me to her point of vievv.
Do you think he was sincete vvhen he said
he loved me?
Since she gol married, shes much more
sedate.
A frivolous attitude wont help you in this
profession.

288- post (post) : makam, gre\, i; tayin
etmek, atamak
post = Office, appointment.
assignment, job, position, situation
Giydii POSTla kendini bir ey sanan adama,
arkada: POST giymekle insan nemli
(post) MAKAMa, GREVe gelemez ki!" di
ye sylenir.
The bodyguards were posted at ali the
doors.
The conservaive party have been in
Office / out of Office for almos ten years.
She was offered and accepted a teaching
appointment in zmir.
Her assignment was to collect forensic
evidence for the investigation.
How long have you been out of a job?
She began her career in the bank with a
position as a teller.
I've been looking for a new situation ever
since 1 lost my last job.
289- flair (fler) : ustalk, yetenek
flair = talent, skili, gift, faculty,
genius, ability
flair x inability : yeteneksizlik
FULAR takan bayanlarn, erkeklerden dala
(flair) YETENEKT olduklar sylenir.
The head of the department has a great
flair for public speaking.
Nobody with real talent applied for the job.
He handled the negotiations with great
skill.
Her greatest gift as a novelist is for creating atmosphere
A school's job is to sharpen pupils crifical
faculties.
They had never before withnessed such
genius.
He showed remarkable ability as an orga
nizen
We were frustrated by our inability to help
her.
16 5
166
290- bitter (bit'r) : ac
bitter = uerid, severe, painfui, ilerce,
resentfui, sharp
bitter x s\veet : tatl
Stsz ikolatalarn zerinde "BTTER" yaz
dn bilmeniz, size (bitter) szcnn
"ACI" anlamna geldiini hatrlatacaktr
Ali spoke in a bitter tone.
The room began to fiil with acrid smoke
he spoke in a severe voice.
The old photograph brought back painfui
memories.
The iwo men had been shot during fierce
fighting last vveekend.
She was resentfui of anybody's attempts
to interfere in her work,
The goverment's proposals have come in
for some sharp criticism
The little baby eiephant looked so svveet.
29 1-commonly (kamnli) : ounlukla
commonlv = unanimously. sually,
mostly, generallv, mainlv, chiefly
commonly x rarely : nadiren
LEE adl ocuk annesini evde bulamaynca,
yanndaki arkada: "COME ON LEE! annen
(commonly) OUNLUKLA evde bulun
maz. Hadi parkta oynayalm" der.
Elbow injuries are commonly found
among tennis players.
The union voted unanimously to boycott
foreign imports.
Is your friend usually so rude?
The story seemed to be mostly true.
He generally gets up early in the morning.
i mainly go to bed around midnight
The island chiefly attracts upmarket
tourists.
Rarely have I seen such a beautiful sunset.

292- portray (prtrey) : tanmlamak,
tarif etmek
portray = represent, describe, depict,
express, illustrate, expiain,
_____________ define, set out_____________
Osman Hamd Beye ait olduu sanlan bir
potre uzmanlarca incelenir. Yazlan raporda:
"PORTREyi (portray) TANIMLAMAK gere
kirse, ge dnem bir OSMAN HAMD BEY
yapt" denilir.
Her story portrayed the excitemen! she
felt when she won the prize.
Does his novel really represent life in the
Scottish Higlands?
He described the accident and how it happened,
My grandma teils me stories depicting life
when she was a young girl,
Try to express your ideas ciearly so we al!
know what you mean.
He illustrated his talk on bravery with stories
about the first astronauts to go into space.
Can you explain what this word means?
The aims of the project rrust be ciearly
defined before we start.
The committee's plans are set out in the
report.
293- pledge (piec) : sz ver(dir)mek
piedge = promise, vow, assure,
undertake, s\vear, guarantee
pledge x break ones \vord : sznden
____________ dnmek____________________
PL getirmeye SZ VERD halde, unu
tup eve gelen kocasna kan kadn: "Hani
PL alacaktn0 (pledge) SZVERMEK se
nin iin unutmakla edeer" diye kzar.
VVeve pledged ourselves to fight for justice.
I promise you it vvon't happen again
She vovved to lose weight before the wedding.
They assured me that no harm would come
to me if I kept quiet.
He undertook to pay the money back within three months.
The witness swore to teli the truth.
The Minister can not guarantee that ali
your reguests will be granted.
Ali has broken his word. (= not kept his
promise)
167
168
294- astonish (stan) : artmak,
hayrete drmek
astonish = amaze, astound. stun.
surprise. bevvilder. daze. confound
astonish x bore : cann skmak
Yeni usta baarl olunca patron ok sevinir.
Bunu gren komu atlyenin sahibi: 'Senin
USTAN biliyor, (astonish) insan AIR
TIYOR, ay imeyi de hak ediyor" der.
l astonishes me that they are geting
divorced.
Your knovvledge amazes me.
The news of their divorce astounded me
He was stunned into silence.
His ansvver really surprised me.
Big city traffic bewilders me.
The news left us dazed.
The extraordinary elecion results confounded the government.
Am I boring you?" he asked a xiously.
295- bid (bd) : teklif (vermek)
bid = offer, proffer, submit, propose,
tender
Nasl olduysa Alveri merkezini BTler isti
l eder. Sonunda bir bcek ilalama firmas u
TEKLF VERR: "(bid) BT ilalamas KDV
dahil 50 milyon TL."
He bid $ 50 for an old book at the auction
I wili offe you ten pounds for it.
He proffered me a cigar.
They submitted a tender tor the contract.
What do you propose we do?
Several tirms have tendered for the new
road-building contract.
169
296-eerie (r'i) : korku veren, rktc

eerie = uncanny. vveird. unearttly,
mysterious. strange, frigttening
eerie x atural : doal
Takma yeni transfer olan 2 metre boyundaki
oyuncuyu izleyen klp) bakan: "Ne kadar da
R (eerie) KORKU VEREN. RKTC bir
grn var. Ancak futbolu iyi biliyor" der.
He had he eerie feeling that he had met
this stranger before.
The old man has an uncanny ability to
pick the vvinning horse.
The man we spoke to was really vveird.
The silence halt way up the mountain was
quite unearthly.
I find the vvhole affair of his death rather
mysterious.
A strange light appeared in the sky.
The wind can be frightening at that height.
Floods and earthquakes are natura! disasters.
297- borrovv (baro) : bor almak
borrovv = take out a loan, have the
lean of, have the use of, rent,
loan, hire, lease
borrovv x lend : dn vermek
May I borrow your pen?

If you take out a loan from he bank you
have to pay it back vvithin three years.
Could I have the loan of your car this
vveekend?
Dad usually lets me have the use of his
car when he is away on business.
t is hard to find an Office to rent in this town.
We had to ask the bank manager for a loan.
Why pay fifty pounds to hire a sit? Its
ridiculous.
The buiiding is actually owned by the government-we are leasing it from thern.
I never lend money.
Bir avukat. BAROda alan arkadandan

BOR ALMAYA gider. Arkada: "Ben de
yok ama. BAROdan (borrovv) BOR ALAB
LRM" der.____________________
1 7 0
298- borough (br'o) : kasaba, ile

borough = tovvn, viilage. hamlet
BRO malzemeleri satan bir pazarlamac gel
dii KASABAda bir tane bile BRO greme
yince: "Amma da KASABAym (borough i
iinde bir tane bile BRO yok" diye arr.
Los Angeles is made up 32 boroughs while stanbul has 38.
Andre' Previn was born in the small town
of castleford, in Yorkshire.
Many towns and vlages have been
affected by the flooding.
She used o live in a remoe hamlet consisting of ten houses and a pub.
299- convoke (knvokl : toplantya davet
etmek, arda bulunmak
convoke = sunmon. convene,
assenble. gather, muster, cali
convoke x disbad : datmak
Apaiier kabile yelerini TOPLANTIYA DA
VET ETMEK iin reisin adrna KIN ve OK
(convoke) asarlar.
When is the king going to convoke the
new parliament?
He was summoned into the presence of
the queen
The Prime Minister convened his ministers to discuss the matter.
VVhen the fire alarm rang we assembled
outside the emergency exit.
Fans have started to gather outside the
sadium.
The general mustered his troops.
I was called to an emergency meeting this
morning
The officers disbanded the club.

30 0-curb (krb) : tutmak, engel olmak
curb = restrain, restrict. preent,
inpede, confine. holcl batk
curb x encourage : cesaretlendirmek
Src adaynn gzleri bozuk olduu ortaya
knca., trafik polisi: "Yahu neredeyse KOR
BU! (curb) Ehliyet almasna ENGEL OLMA
LIYIM. Her an kaza yapabilir diye dnr.
A child's development can be curbed by
poor nutrition.
He couldnt restrain himself from telling
the truth.
Congress is considering measures to
restrict the sale of cigarettes.
Labei your suitcases to prevent confusion.
Recent developments have been impeded by a shortage of funds.
You are asked to confine your use of the
telephone to business calls alone.
Polie horses were used to hold back the
crowd.
He encouraged me to apply for the job.
drowsy
hinder
holocaust
: repudiate
te
; toothsorre
; trick
fuss
i garrulous
i mortgage
solitary
1solemn
post
K------------ -----------
uyuuk, arlk basm

engellemek, mani
olmak
katliam, soykrm
reddetmek, kabul
etmemek
balamak
lezzetli
hile (yapmak)
yaygara, kuru grlt
geveze
ipotek (etmek)
yalnz, tek bana
arbal, ciddi
makam, grev, i;
tayin etmek, atamak
flair
bitter
commorly
portray
pledge
astonish
bid
eerie
borrow
borough
convoke
curb
i ustalk, yetenek
: ac
i ounlukla
: tanmlamak, tarif
etmek
; sz ver(dir)mek
; artmak, hayrete
drmek
; teklif (vermek)
: korku veren, rktc !
; bor almak
; kasaba, ile
; toplantya davet
etmek, arda
bulunmak
: tutmak, engel olmak
172
Find the right vvord almas (276-300)

1) The room is so warm it is making me fe e l.............
a) drowsy
b) aler
c) toothsome d) garruious
e) solemn
2) As usual research has b e e n ...........by the lack of funds.
a) acknovvledged b) mortgaged
c) portrayed
d) hindered e) pledged
3) H e ...........ail offers of triendship.
a) pledged
b) tricked
c) posted
d) astonished e) repudiated
...
ourselves
to
fight
for
justice.
We
h
a
v
e
.......
4)
a) hindered
b) posted
c) pledged
d) mortgaged e) portrayed
5) Her s to ry ..... .... the excitement she felt when she won the prize.
b) portrayed
c) tricked
a) pledged
d) hindered
e)
6) May l ........... your pen?
a) borrovv
b) pledge
c) hinder
d) astonish
e)
He
had
the
...
........feeling
that
he
had
met
this
stranger
before.
7)
a) toothsome b) drovvsy
d) eerie
c) nasty
e)
8) He is a .......... . ort of person and has always lived alone.
a) drowsy
b) toothsome c) soiitary
d) eerie
e)
9) His business is failing; he h a s ...........ail his assets to try to save
a) astonished b) mortgaged c) portrayed
d) hindered
e)
10) VVhen is the king going t o ...........the new parliament?
a) convoke
d) astonish
b) portray
c) trick
e)
astonished
portray
somnolent
garruious
it.
pledged
curb

A childs development can be curbed by poor nutrition.
a) portrayed
b) pledged
c) borrovved
d) restrained e) astonished
2) If you take out a loan from the bank you have to pay it back within three years.
b) convok
c) astonish
a) borrovv
d) portray
e) restrain
1)
He was ummoned into the presence of the Queen.

a) curbed
d) pledged
b) convoked
c) borrovved
t
astonishes
me
that
thev
are
getting
divorced.
4)
a) convokes
d) pledges
b) describes
c) amazes
5) Of ali items pawned, jevvellery is the most common.
a) mortgaged b) convoked
c) pledged
d) amazed
6) I had expected her to be fa and garruious.
d) bitter
a) tired
b) talkative
c) delicious
3)
7) I promise vou it wont happen again.

a) convoke
b) amaze
c) hinder
8) He bid $ 50 for an old book at the auction.
a) disbanded
b) borrovved
c) otfered
d) pledge
e) bevvildered
e) obligates
e) curbed
e) drovvsy
e)
portray
d) astonished e) curbed

9)
10)
173
Because of his somnolent voice students find i difficult to concenrae in his

classes.
a) drowsy
b) alter
c) toothsome
d) garrulous
e) bitter
They boyna an umbrella to a pole to get some shade.
a) hindered
b) tied
c) disbanded
d) curbed
e) convoked
Antonym alm as (276-300)
1) The roorr is so warm it is making me feel drowsy.
d) bitter
a) alert
b) garrulous c) nasty
2) Ali spoke in a bitter tone.
c) nasty
a) toothsome b) alert
d) drovvsy
Elbow
iniuries
are
commonly
found
among
tennis
plavers.
3)
d) vehemently
a) slyly
b) rarely
c) usually
4) I hope vou will not refuse my repuest.
a) repudiate
b) tie
c) acknowledge d) bind
5) There was an increasino bubbub from the oreat reception hail
d) trick
a) peace
b) fuss
c) din
He
couldnt
restrain
himself
from
telling
the
rufh.
6)
d) pawn
c) mortgage
a) curb
b) trick
7) When is the kina aoina to convoke the new parliament?
d) disband
a) trick
b) repudiate c) encourage
8) Mav I borrow vour car?
c) convoke
d) bind
a) lend
b) curb
That
was
a
delicious
dinner
you
cooked.
9)
d) drowsy
a) toothsome b) nasty
c) alert
10) She knotted the ends toqether
d) curbed
a) disconnected b) tied
c) bound
e) acrid
e) svveet
e) diligently
e) trick
below.
e) borough.
e) encourage
e) bind
e) disband
e) sweet
e) bound
Vocabulary alm as (276-300)
din,
garrulous,
bid,
solitary,
flair,
posted,
tricked,
commonly,
boroughs
solemn
1) Her pleader claimed that she had b e e n ...........into making a false confession.
2) Even though it was so hot, I closed ali the windows to shut out t h e ...........of
the traffic.
3) On the train I got into conversation with a ...........old man.
4)
5)
6)
7)
Ali is a ...........ort of person and has alvvays lived alone

The signing of this treaty is a ...........moment in our nation's history.
The bodyguards w e re ...........at ali the doors.
The head of the department has a g re a t...........for public speaking
174
8) Elbows injuries a r e ...........found among tennis players.

9) Los Angeles is made up 3 2 ...........while stanbul has 38
10) A y e ......... S 100 lor an old book at the auction.
W ord form ation alm as (276-300)
1) He has b e e n ...........from driving for a year. (qualify)

2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Unusually, there were a number o f ...........in the games for cheating. (qualify)
The recent hurricane ca u se d ..........damage.. (vvide)
Industriai robots work with far g re a te r...........than most men., (precise)
She was a ...........chiid, alvvays getting into trouble. (head)
I turned on the radio to gei the eight o 'c lo c k ............. (head)
7) As soon as he was appointed, h e ...........ali our existing plans. (throw)

8) There was a heavy ........... yesterday afternoon which completely ruined the
Church Garden Party. (pour)
9) An im portant...........in negotiaions has been achieved. (break)
10) Her grandfather has recently had coronary...........surgery. (pass)
11) She approached the te a ch e r............. (hesitate)
12) The president is not known fo r ...........in such matters. (hesitate)
13) She gave me a ...........smile. (hesitate)
14) During a re c e n t...........at a bank in the East of London, the raiders got avvay
wih 250.000. (hold)
15) He was v e ry ...........vvhen his cat was run ver, (set)
16) There has been yet an o th e r...........of cholera in calcutta. (break)
301.
325. Kelimeler
301- oddity (ad'ti) : tuhaflk, acayiplik:

yabanclk
oddity = strargeness. ueirdness.
abnormality. peculiarity, freak
oddity x nornality : nornaikk
ADI TEA isimli yeni aydan ien bir e\han

m: "AD TEAnn tadnda (oddity) bir TU
HAFLIK. bir ACAYPLK var" der.
A carreer woman is stili regatded as
something of an oddity.
1was overhelmed with a sense of strangeness,
There was a futuristic weirdness about
the place.
The X- tays shovved some slight abnormality
Well, we ali have our little peculiarities (=
strange habits), don't we?
Women who were good at maths were
treated as freaks,
After the war, most people just wanted to
get back to normality.
302- odour (odr) : an. hret
odour = fame, reno\vn, reptation,
stardom, name, celebrit\
odour x disrepute : kt hret
Bir bulmacay zmeye alan bir kii, kar

sndan yardm isteyince: "Eer AN kelimesi
nin e anlamlsn soruyorsan cevap O DUR
(odour) yani HRETtir" diye yant alr.
I have been in bad odour vvith the boss
since he discovered that I had criticized
him.
He won overnight fame vvith this first symphony.
He won renown as a painter.
The hotel has a good reputation,
Stardom is the dream of most young singers
and actors.
Sony has a name for producing high-quality electrical equipment.
Lots of celebrities were at the film premiere.
Involvement vvith terrorist gtoups brought
the political party into disrepute.
175
176
303- odds (aciz) : fark, stnlk

odds = diference. distinction.
superiority, disparitv
odds x sinilarity : benzerlik
Mteri. Mercedes marka arabay pahal bu

lunca. galeri sahibi: "Dnyada petiji simgele
yen bir"ADIZ (odds) FARK. STNLK bu
rada" der.
I don' mind whether you come ot not-it
makes no odds to me.
There is a great difference between theory and practice.
The politician said he would draw/make
no distinction (s) betvveen terrorism and
murder.
The Australians demostraed their superiority early in the rnatch.
There is (a) considerable disparity in the
rates of pay for men and women.
How much similarity is there bev/een the
tvvo religions?
.304-orientate (riyenteyt) : almak
orlentate = acclimatize, familiarize.
adjust, accommodate, adapt
orientate x disorientate : kafasn
kartrmak
Karlamann son raundu balamak zerey

ken. boksr TEDDY rakibini dnp iin
den: "ONU YEN TED (orientate) bu spora
ALIMAK zorundasn" diye kendini cesaret
lendirmeye alr.
Her son was stili trying to orientate himself.
I can't acclimatize myself to vvorking at
night.
You should familiarize yourself with the
rules betore you start to play the game.
I cant adjust to living on my own
Some find it hard to accommodate themselves to the new vvorking conditions.
t took me a vvhile to adapt to the new job.
His mothers death really disorientated
h im .

305- culminate (kAl'mneyt) : bitmek,
sona ermek: en yksek
noktaya varmak
culminate = close. finiti, conclude.
terninate; clinax. peak
culminate x start : balamak
MNE adl sinema sanats en parlak dnemin

de sinema} ! brakmak isleyince, bir ynelmen:
-Sanat olarak BTMEK.SONA ERMEK is
temiyorsan, KAL MNE (culminate) Seninle
daha ok baarl filmlere imza atacaz" der.
Their many years of search have finally
culminated in a cure tor the disease.
I closed tbat bank acount when I came to
zmir.
The opera concluded with the death of the
entire cast.
Dont interrupt; let me finish.
The football match terminated in a draw.
The Olympics climaxed in a spectacular
closing ceremony.
Sales have now peaked, and we expect
them to decrease soon.
When does he start his course?
306- decimate (desTmeyt) : kaldrmak,
yok etmek
decimate = terninate, demolisl, vvipe
out, anihilate. exterminate.
destroy, eradicate
decimate x create : yaratmak
Takmaya alt yeni kapnn 2 desimetre

bintik olduunu farkeden marangoz: "Kap
iki'DESMETRE byk. Bu fark")decimate)
YOK ETMEK lazm, yoksa kapanmaz" der
if the disease spreads it will decimate the
cattle herds in Turkey.
Your contract has been terminated.
The vvorkmen demolished the old house
The hailstrom wiped out my garden.
They annihilated the enemy's army
We exterminated the cockroaches in the
kitchen.
The cyclone destroyed many houses
We want to eradicate erime in large cities.
The project will create up to 60 new jobs.
177
178
307- persecute (pr'skyut) : zulmetmek,
bask yapmak
persecute = harass, torment, torture.
victimize. maltread, oppress
persecute x comfort : teselli etmek,
yattrmak
PORSUK ay'na yzmeye giden genlerden
biri kaybolunca, annesi: ''Olumu PORSUK
YUTTU! Bize (presecme) ZULMETT!" diye
endielenir.
The Romans persecuted the christians.
Stop harassing the child with so many dificult questions.
Please dont torment me any more with
your teasing.
They tortured the spies to learn the
enemy's plans,
The school bulles always victimize the
new chiidren
The aog bit him when he maltreaded it.
The silence oppressed me.
I tied to comort her atter her mothers
death.
308-code (kod) : kann

ende = law, act. regulation. rule.
fornula
Bir Afrika lkesinde KOT pantalon giyilmesi
ni yasaklayan KANUN, basnda KOT (code)
KANUN olarak eletirilir.
Ali drivers shouid learn the Highvvay Code
thoroughly.
The judge ruled that the direetors had
knowingly/intentionally broken the law.
The State legislature passed an act banning the sale of automatic vveapons.
Local regulations forbid you to walk on he
grass in the park.
I will read out the rules of the game.
Helping others is a formula which brings
happiness.

309- peak (pik) : en mhim nokta
peak = top, climax, apex. pinnacle.
summit, crest
peak x base : taban, temel, dip
Bri turnuvas sonunda en baarl oyuncuya

dl verilirken, yle denilir: "ok kritik bir
anda KOZ olarak PK demesiyle (peak) EN
MHM NOKTA da doru karar vermi ve
kendisi de bu dl hak etmitir.
Holiday flights reach a peak during July.
He climed to the top of Mt. Everesi in
1963.
The climax of the fiims is a briliant car
cnase.
Only one tree grevv on the apex of the
mountain.
No one has ever climbed that treacherous
rocky pinnacle.
I certainly havent reached the summit of
my career.
There is a wonderful view from the crest
of the hill.
A strong economy depends on a healthy
manufacturing base.
310- tackle (takl) : bir aresine bakmak,
halletmek
tackle = deal svith, attept, try,
undertake, set about, embark on
tackle x fail : baarsz olmak
Emre, arkadann skntl olduunu grnce:

"Eer bir sorunun varsa, bana TAKIL (tackle)
BR ARESNE BAKARIM" der,_________
1 don't think I can tackle this job until next
week.
How do you intend to deal with this prob
lem?
I will attempt the yacht race next year,
t seems easy untii you try it.
I will undertake the job tomorrow.
I wanted to make a dress but I didnt know
how to set about it.
Ali has already embarked on/upon his
new book.
He promised to help, but he failed to
arrive on time
179
180
311-reiish (rel'i) : holanmak, beenmek
reiish = like, enjoy. appreciate,
tvelcome. f'ancv, deliglt
relisl ,\ loathe : tiksinmek
Reliha adl hemire alt hastanede ok

BEENLR. Bir arkada:" REL (reiish)
herkes tarafndan BEENLR der.
I don't reiish telling her that her husband
has been arrested..
I like everyone in my class.
I enjoy barbecues.
He appreciates my cooking.
I vvelcome the cooler vveather after ali this
heat.
I fancied your son as soon as I saw him.
Some people delight (= get pleasure from)
he misfortunes of ohers.
I loathe doing housevvork.
312- reveue (rev'nu) : gelir
revenue = incume. wage, pay, salary.
comission
revenue x expenditure : harcama, gider
Londra'da Trk tatllar satan bir tatlc, sade

ce REVAN satlarndan tm masraflarn
karlaynca: "Eer REVAN olmasa (reve
nue) hi bir GELR im olmayacakt der.
Taxes provide most of the government's
revenue.
You have to pay tax on your income
The mechanic earned a good wage,
Most people try to save some of their pay
The bank manager earns a bigger salary
at his new branch.
The car salesman earned 10 % commission on each car he sold.
A government has to borrovv money vvhen
its expenditure exceeds its income.

313- bulk (bAlk) : byk ksm
bulk = majority, mass, size, magnitute
bulk x minority : aznlk
BALIA kan iki arkada bir torik avlar. An
cak her ikside: "BALIK benim. En azndan
(bulk) BYK KISIM benim" diye tartr
lar
n faci, the bulk of the book is taken up
with criticizing other books.
The majority of the employees have university degrees.
The mass of the people support the government's reforms.
The size of our business has been
decreasing steadily for some time.
We musn't underestimate the magnitute
of the problems that face us.
t is only a tiny minority of people who are
causing the violence.
314- vicious (vTs ) : k t
vicious = malicious, bad, abysmal,
atrocious, cruel, barbaric, savage
vicious x lenient : evkatli, nazik
Bir evhamm ald reellik VNE KT
knca: "Bir daha KT VNE (VCOUS)
alrsam iki olsun!" diye sylenir.
Small children can be very vicious.
He was charged with malicious vvounding.
There is a bad smell coming from the factory.
His exam results were abysmal.
I can't put up with her atrocious behaviour.
Her cruel remark made me cry.
Everyone condemned the barbaric torture
of prisoners.
Men, vvomen and children were killed in
the savage attack.
The judge was lenient because it was
Jacks first offence.
181
182
315- dense (dens) : kovu, kaln, sk
dense = thick. opaque, close, conpact.
impenetrable
dense x thi : ince
"Pronunciation" dersine gelen retmen, ko
nunun neminden szederken: "rnein u
kelime yle DENSE (dense) KOYU. KALIN
ve SIK anlamna gelir, ngilizcede telafuz ok
nemlidir" der,
(dense: "sylense" anlamnda kullanlmtr)
The airport was closed due to the dense
fog,
The smoke was so hick we couldn'i see
vvhere we were going.
I couldnt see who was there because the
glass in the door was opaque.
I find it difficult to read such close print.
The trees grew in a compact mass.
The prison lies behind a high impenetra
ble wall.
Kerem likes beef sliced really thin.
She is far too thin.
316- notify (notfay) : bildirmek

notify = inform, announce, acquaint,
declare, apprise, advise
notify x suppress : engellemek
Deprem blgesinde inceleme yapan uzmanlar
dan birinin ald notu okuyan ba mhendis:
"NOTU FAYm (notify) blgeyi fay tabaka
s olarak BLDRM" der.
The Headmistress notified the parents
that the meeting time had changed.
I informed him of your success.
Mary announced her intention to leave
school in front of the class.
I haven't as yet been acquainted vvith the
facts of the case.
I have nothing to declare but my genius.
We apprised him of our arrival.
We advised the bank that we were moving to the country.
t is difficult to suppress a sneeze.

317-akin (ikin') : benzer, yakn
akin = similar, like, related, alike,
corresponding, synonymous
akin x dissimilar : farkl___________
AKIN adl ocuk kardeine ok BENZER.

Yaknlar bu durumdan ikayet edince, anne
leri: Haklsnz AKIN (akin) kardeine ok
BENZER yaplacak bir ey yok" der.
They speak a language akin to french.
George is very similar in appearance to
his brother.
She is very like her mother.
We discussed inilation, unempioyment
and related issues.
The sisters faces are very alike.
She told a corresponding story to that of
her friend.
The word annoyed" is rnore or less
synonymous with irritated.
The new house is not dissimilar to our old
one except that its a bit bigger.________
318- brook (brk) : dayanmak, katlanmak
brook = abide, put up vvith, endure,
suffer, take, live with, tolerate,
stand, bear
brook x perish : lmek, mahvolmak
EL NNO kasrgasnda evi hasar gren yal

adam: Bu olay bende BURUK bir ac brak
t. Ama (brook) DAYANMAK, KATLAN
MAK zorundaym" diye dnr.
She vvont brook any criticism of her work.
1 can't abide people who push to get first
in line.
I put up vvith her teasing for days.
The explorer endured many hardships
before he finally reached civilization.
She suffered their insults quietly.
Teli me the bad news. I can take it.
Some people can live vvith being fat but I
couldn't.
Many vvorkers said they couldn't tolerate
the long hours
It's a good job, if you stand the noise and
fumes from the engines.
He couldn't bear to see the dog in pain.
Three hundred people perished in the
earthguake.
183
184
319- inhale (inleylM : imek (sigara v.s.);

nefes almak
inhale = respire, breatle, take a deep
sniff, take a deep breath
inhale x exhale : nefes vermek
Kz HALE'nin iist katta sigara itiini anla
yan annesi: "Aaya N HALE (inhale) S
GARA MEK sala zararldr" der.
The president said he had smoked bul
never inhaled.
She flung pen the window and inhaled
deeply.
Fish respire through their gills.
t is so airless in here - 1can hardly breathe.
He took a deep sniff of the country air.
Take a deep breath in then exhale into the
mouthpiece.
320- turbulent (trbvlnt) : alkantl

turbulent = agitated, tempestuous,
confused, disturbed
turbulent x calm : sakin
Bulmaca zen BLENT bir soruda yardm
isteyince, arkada: Gazeteci, yazar Vedat
Nedimin soyad TR, BLENT (turbulent)
ALKANTILI dnemlerdeki yazlaryla nienmiti diye yardm eder.
Paul has had four turbulent marriages.
His face wore an agitated expression.
Theyd had a shortlived and tempestuous
relationship.
He gets confused easily.
Shed had a disturbed and unhappy adolescence.
After a night of fighting, the streets are
now calm.

321- expo.se (kspoz) : kar karya
getirmek
expose = jeopardize. hazard, imperil,
put at risk, venture, endanger
expose x protect : korumak
Verdii POZlar fotoraf beenmeyince,

manken: "O zaman ESK POZlarmla yenile
rini (expose) KARI KARIYA GETRE
LM. Ne fark olduunu anlarz der.
t is feared that people living near tle power
station may have been exposed to radiation.
He knew that by failing his exams he
could jeopardize his vvhole future.
He hazarded ali his money in the atternpt
to save the business.
The vvhole project is imperilled by lack of
funds.
Most docors agree that smoking puts
your health at risk.
Now is not the time to venture on such an
ambitious project.
You will endanger your health if you work
so hard.
Surely the function of law is to protect
everyone's right.
322- conmonplace (kamYnpleys) : sradan
conmonplace = ordinary, average,
Standard, fair, nondescript, mediocre
conmonplace x extraordinary :
mkemmel
Rehber, gezdirdii turiste evreyi ok vnce,

turist: "Buras COMMON PLACE (commonplace) SIRADAN bir yer" diye sylenir
Home computers are increasingly commonplace.
They live in a perfectly ordinary, undistinguished neighbourhood.
An average Monday consists of sport,
maths, and spelling.
1 wish we didnt have to wear Standard

school uniform.
His marks in the exam were fair.
t is hard to describe the house because it
is quite nondescript.
The films plot is predictable, the dialogue
is second-rate, and the acting is mediocre.
He told the extraordinary story of his escape.
185
186
323- bashful (ba'fl) : utanga

bashful = shy, demure. diffldent,
modest, coy
bashful x bold : cesur
UTANGA bir oyuncu ok ansl gnndedir. Oyun srasnda kendisine BE kez FULL
as gelince, bir dieri onu kskanarak: "ansa
bak BE FULL'"(bashful) UTANGA ama
ok ansl" diye mrldanr.
He felt rather bashful about taking his
clothes off in front of the doctor.
Hubert laws was too shy o ask her to
dance with him.
n the olden days vvomen were expected
to be demure.
He is diffident about being in the school play.
She was modest about her success in the
art competition.
She gave him a coy look as she'brushed
past him on the bus.
George Shearing was a bold and defiant
liftle boy.
324- fathom (fdhm) : etraflca anlamak
fathom = understand, grasp,
comprehend, perceive,
make out, take in
fathom x misunderstand : yanl
anlamak
"Fantom pilotu olabilmek iin, FANTHOM

uaklarn (fathom) ETRAFLICA ANLA
MAK gerektiini dnn.
I couldn't fathom why she was so anxious.
I tried to understand her explanation.
She grasped the idea of the garre very
quickly.
She simply couldnt comprehend how
upset this news made him.
The wise teacher perceived that Jack was
unhappy about something.
I can not make out the handvvriting on this
note.
Could you take in vvhat she was saying?
Milt Jackson rnisunderstood what I said.
K e lim e
E z b e r le te n
K u r s u s a l
187
S z l k
325- foster (fstr) : beslemek, bytmek:

tevik etmek
foster = nourisl, bring up;
encourage, urge, stimulate,
support, motivate
foster x discourage : cesaretini krmak
Yanl mamalarla ocuunu BESLEYEN anne
yi uyaran, doktor: "Bu trden mamalar, ierdii
maddeler asndan FOSTUR. Bebei (foster)
BESLEMEK istiyorsan, anne stn dene" der.
VVe fostered the little girl for several months

vvhiie her mother was in hospital.
We hope these meetings will help foster friendly telations between the two countries.
Children need plenty of good fresh food to
nourish them.
When their parents died an aunt brought
them up.
We encouraged the team with shouts and
flag-waving.
I urged my sister to try again.
I hoped my vvarning would stimulate her to
greater efforts.
The Federal Reserve Bank intervened to
support the falling dollar.
My high class marks motivated me to
study hard for the exams.
Don't be discouraged by their attitude yourre doing very well.
. --------------oddty
i odour
odds
; orientate
culm inate
decim ate
persecute
code
peak
tackle
relish
V*--------------------
: tuhaflk, acayiplik;
yabanclk
: an, hret
: fark, stnlk
almak
: bitmek, sona ermek;
en yksek noktaya
varmak
: kaldrmak, yok etmek
; zulmetmek, bask
yapmak
; kanun
: en mhim nokta
: bir aresine bakmak,
halletmek
: holanmak, beenmek
revenue
bulk
vicio u s
dense
n otify
akin
brook
inhale
tu rb u ie n t
expose
com m onplace
bashful
fathom
fo ste r
gelir
byk ksm
kt
koyu, kaln, sk
bildirmek
benzer, yakn
dayanmak, katlanmak
imek (sigara v s );
nefes almak
alkantl
kar karya getirmek
sradan
utanga
etraflca anlamak
beslemek, bytmek; i
tevik etmek
______ /
88

Fnd the rig h t w ord almas (301-325)
1) A career woman is stili regarded as something of an
a) odds
b) peak
c) oddity
d) odoure) code
2) Her son vvas stili trying t o ..... .... himself.
d) tackle
a) persecute
b) relish
c) culminate
e) orientate
I
dont
think
I
c
a
n
..........
this
job
until
next
week
3)
d) inhale
e) foster
a) tackle
b) persecute c) notify
4) I dont ......... . telling her that her husband has been arrested.
b) relish
d) fathom
e) persecute
a) inhale
c) tackle
5) I couldnt ..........why she was so anxious.
d) fathom
e) inhale
a) orientate
b) culminate c) relish
Their
many
years
of
search
have
finally........
..
in
a
cure
for
the
disease.
6)
a) orientated
e) culminated
b) decimated c) persecuted d) tackled
7) Ali drivers should learn the Highvvay.......... thorougly.
a) Peak
b) Odour
d) Code
c) Odds
e) Disrepute
8) Taxes provide most of the government's........
d) peak
a) odour
c) revenue
e) bulk
b; code
n
fact,
th
e
...
......
of
the
book
is
taken
up
vvith
criticizing
other
books.
9)
a) Uulk
b) revenue
d) disrepute
e) odour
c) code
10) Small children can be v e ry ...
a) commoplac e b) vicious
c) dense
d) turbulent
e) bold

1) Home computers are increasingly commonplace.
a) ordinary
b) bashful
c) turbulent
d) vicious
2) The airport was closed due to the dense of fog
a) bashful
b) ordinary
c) thick
d) turbulent
3) He was charged with maljdou wounding
a) turbulent
b) bashful
c) lenient
d)
4) You have to pay tax on your income
a) base
b) revenue
c) bulk
d)
5) Holiday flights reach a peak during Jufy..
d)
a) code
b) top
c)revenue
6) How do you intend to deal vvith this problem?
a) foster
b) expose
c) inhale
d)
7) She wont brook any criicism of her work.
a) orientate
b) tackle
c) abide
d)
e) dense
e) lenient
vicious
e) ordinary
code
e) peak
odour
e) odds
relish
e) tackle
foster
e) fathom
8) I can't acclimatize myself to vvorking at night.

a) fathom
b) relish
c) foster
d) orientate
9) I closed that bank account when I came to zm T.
a) culminated b) orientated c) exposed
e) relished
e) expose
e) tackled
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u r a u s a l
189
S z l k
10) The Headmistress notified he parents that the meeting time had changed
a) exposed
b) tackled
c) relished
d) fostered
e) informed
A ntonym alm as (301-325)

1) She wont brook any criticism of her work.
a) persecuie
b) perish
c) fathom
d) foster
e) noify
2) If the disease spreads it will decimate the cattle herds in Turkey.

a) orientate
b) culminate
c) fathom
d) create
e) perish
3) He won overnight fame with his first symphony.
a) disrepute
b) odds
c) oddity
d) code
e) peak
4) Holiday flights reach a peak during Ju!ya) odds
b) disrepute
c) oddity
d) code
e) base
5) I dont think I can tackle this job until next week
a) respire
b) perish
c) fail
d) notify
e) persecute
6) The president said he had smoked but never inhaled.
a) notified
b) exhaled
c) respired
d) persecuted e) failed
7) Paul has had four turbulent marriages.
a) vicious
b) commonplace
c) dense
d) bashful
e) calm
8) He felt raher bashful about aking his clothes off in front of the doctor.
e) dense
d) shy
a) bold
b) vicious
c) commonplace
Home
computers
are
increasingly
commonplace
9)
d) shy
e) dense
a) calm
b) vicious
c) extraordinary
10) They speak a language akin to French.

a) similar
b) turbulent
c) demure
d) dissimilar
e) vicious
V ocabulary alm as (301-325)

revenue,
malicious,
brook,
akin,
majority.
dense,
informed,
exposed,
inhaled
turbulent
1) They speak a language...........to French.

2) I ...........him of your success.
3) Paul has had fo u r...........marriages.
4) t is feared that people living near the power station may have b e e n ...........to
radiation.
5) She flung pen the window a n d ...........deeply,
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
She vvon't...........any criticism of her work.

He was charged w ith ...........wounding.
The airport was closed due to th e ...........fog.
T h e ...........of the emloyees have university degrees.
Taxes provide most the gcvernments ...........
1 9 0
K e l im e
E z b e r le te n
K u rg u s a l
S z l k
Word form ation almas (301-325)

1) Commodity prices can be a u s e fu l...........of inflaion, he claimed. (indicate)
2) Chocolate is my only occasional............. (indulge)
3) He had been a srict father but was ........... towards his grandchildren.
(indulge)
4) You were treated m o re ............. (indulge)
5) The factory's...........has increased considerably in the past few years. (put)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
The povver...........wiil come largely from hydroelectricity. (put)

He completely went to pieces after th e ...........of his marriage. (break)
The firms ann u a l...........was in the region of $ 5.000.000. (turn)
The annuai...........of students has decreased by 15 % in the two years. (take)
T h e .......... of the election is stili not known, (come)
T h e ...........of this disease is marked by a sudden ioss of appetite coupled vvith
a feeling of total lethargy. (set)

326- flee (fli) : kamak
flee = escape, abscond, elope, run,
take to your heels, scarper, make of
flee x stay : kalmak
FL avlanmaya giden bir grup avc, durn dum
kurunu almay unutur. Tan bu srada karla
rna kan FL gren en tecrbeli olan: "Ar
kadalar bu sefer FL vuramayacaz. (flee)
Bize hemen KAMAK dyor" der.
Ali our dreams have fled (= our hopes
have quickly disappeared).
She iled (from) the room in tears,
Everyone fled (from) the building when
the fire alarm sounded.
He escaped from prison.
The treasurer absconded with the funds.
They didnt want a big wedding so they
eloped.
She accused him of running from his
responsibilities.
The burglar scarpered when he heard the
polie cars siren.
The thief made off as soon as the polie
arrived.
Ender needs an assistant who is willing to
_________
stay for eight months.
327- vacate (veykeyt) : terketmek;
boaltmak; feshetmek
vacate = abandon, leave. desert,
evacuate, abrogate, abolish, annul
vacate x retain : alkoymak, tutmak
KATE geimsizlik nedeniyle evi TERLE
DKE." kocas: "VE KATE beni (vacate)
1ERKL "! diye kzar.
Hotel guests are requested to vacate their
rooms by twelve noon.
The Conservative Party has now abandoned its policy of unilateral disarmanent.
The sentry deserted his post.
We evacuated the building when the fire
started.
He will leave when his taxi cornes.
The agreement was abrogated in 1999.
A law was passed to abolish slavery.
Parliament annulled the law against wearing bikinis.
Kiri Te KANAWA has lost her battle to
retain control of the company.
191
192
328- natre (nr' : olgunla! tr)mak

nature = foster, ripen, evolve,
de\elop. grow up, age
mature x deteriorate : gerilemek,
bozulmak
Kaptan Ku.sto. aratrma gemisine ald yeni
MOyu acemi diye beenmeyince: "Bu yeni
MOyu (mature) OLGUNLATIRMAK k
zn. Yoksa iimize yaramaz" diye dnr.
She matured a iot while she was at college.
These classroom activities ate intended to
foster childrens language skills.
My plans are ripening-now ali I need is
official approval
If you want to be a poet, you must evolve
your own style of writing,
I'm looking for a job vvhich will enable me
fully to develop my talents.
What do you want to be when you grow
up?
This cheese has aged for nearly two years.
Relations betvveen the superpovvers have
deteriorated sharply in recent weeks.
329- sanitarv (santeri) : shhi, salkl
sanitary = spotless, clean, healthy,
hygienic, immaculate
sanitary x insanitary : salksz
Srekli terlemekten ikayeti olan hastay mu
ayene eden doktor: "ok enerjik bir yapn var
Bu SENN TERn (sanitem tan aksine ok
SALIKLI bir durum. Eer terlemeseydin o
zaman sorun kard ' der.
Her kitchen didnt look very sanitary.
I washed my handkerchief until it was
spotless,
I wore clean clothes to the party.
Ali the children are strong and healthy..
The business showed a healthy profit in
its first year,
We are thought to be hygienic and alvvays
wash our hands before meals.
Your iniform must be immaculate.
Cholera thrives in insanitary conditions.

330- misty (ms'ti) t sisli
misty = foggy, cloudy, overcast.
dull, iazy
misty x clear : ak
Bir arkada yolculuunun nasl getiini so
runca. Ahme: "Ankara'da hava MST (te
mizdi) (misty) ama SSLydi" der.
The mornings are often misty in the
mountains.
The motorists iurned on their headiights
because it was foggy.
if you havent the foggiest idea about
somehing, you know nothing about it at
ali.
The sky has been cloudy for days.
The game was cancelled because of the
overcast vveaher.
A dull day with a lot of rain is forecast for
tomorrovv.
You can't see much of the view today
because it is too hazy.
The sun shone out of a clear sky. (with no
clouds)
331- bnkrupt (bangk'rApt) : iflas
ettirmek, iflas
bankrupt = impoverish
Gen iadam ald krediyi deyemeyince F
LAS EDER. Banka hereyine el koymutur.
Kendi kendine: "Btn hereyimi BANKA
KAPT! (bankrupt) beni FLAS ETTRD" di
ye sylenir.
They feared that the great loss vvould
bankrupt them.
He believes that modern society is morally bankrupt.
He was declared a bankrupt in 2001
They were impoverished by a prolonged
spell of unemployment.
19 3
194
332- barren (ber'n) : ksr

barren = infecund, sterile, infertile
KISIRlktan ikayeti olan BERRN Hanm'
muayene eden doktor: "BERRN Hanm, ne
yazk ki siz (barren) KISIRsnz. Yaplacak
tek ey var! O da tp bebek yntemini dene
mek der.
We longed for a child but my wife was bar
ren.
He become very depressed during the
barren (not productive) years when he
was unable to compose.
An infecund tree or other plant is one that
produces no fruit.
t is thought that one of the side effects of
the drug couid be to make men sterile.
This sterile conflict has been going on for
many years,
t has been estimated that one in eight
couples is infertile,
People get less fertile as they get older.
333- plot (plat) : entrika (evirmek)
plot = conspire, scherne, collude,
intrigue, connive
Karlan bir uan PLOTunun daha sonra
hava korsanlaryla ibirlii yapt anlalnca,
polis mdr: "Bana bak PLOT! hava kor
sanlaryla (plot) ENTRKA EVRMEK ney
mi! Greceksin!" der.
They are plotting (together) to take ver
the company.
They conspired to hijack a plane.
He schemed for the dovvnfa of ali those
who disagreed with him.
The ships captain colluded with the
smugglers to escape the custom officers.
He knevv they were intriguing against him
behind the locked door,
The spy connived with the government
scientist to steal the secret plans for the
new rocket.
Kelime Ezberleten Kursusa! Szlk

334- rush (rA) : acele etmek
rush = hurry, hasten, dash, slake a
leg, get a move on, accelerate
rush x da\Ydle : oyalanmak,
ardan almak
RAEL'in ok hzl kotuunu gren annesi:
"RA (rush) ACELE ETMEK bir ie yaramaz
daha vaktimiz ok" der.
There is plenty of time; we neednt rush.
t is late; we'd better hurry.
The strike hastened the dovvnfall of the
government.
I dashed into the lift just before the doors
locked.
If you dont shake a leg Emre will leave
vvithout you
Get a move on or you wont finish in time!
The directors mismanagement has accelerated the company's failure.
Jimmy Page dawdled ali morning.
335- era (r) : a
era = epoch, age, period
Gney Amerika'daki kazlarda son derece R
bir dinazor fosili bulunur. Proje sorumlusu in
celeme srasnda: "Gerekten R (era) o
AGda herhalde daha iri si olmazd" der.
The PM is taking his country into a new
political era with a package of radical
reforms.
Our nation stands at the dawn of a new
epoch.
We are living in the nuclear age.
The house was built during the Elizabethan
period.
195

.m (ikvHbriym) : denge
. ium = balance, equity, stabiliv
brium x unbalance : dengesizlik
.n gerideki yarmac bir sonraki soruyu

erken: "LK BLRMYM? o zanan pu
anlara (equilibrium) DENGE gelir. dle de
ortak olurum" diye dnr.
The resignation of tfe PM upset the countrys economic equilibrium.
Yoga is said to restore ones inner (=mental) equilibrium.
Gilbert Bechaud somehow managed to
keep his balance on the ice.
Ultimately, their am is for a society based
on equity and social justice.
Thes relationship gives him the ort of
emotional stability vvhich he needs so
badly.
His terrible experience unbalanced him
337- incur (inkr) : yakalanmak, maruz
kalmak
incur = expose. jeopardize, endanger,
ttreaten, put at risk, compromise
incur x save : korumak
At talimleri yaplan tepeye bir obann gel
diini gren komutan: Buradan abuk N
KR kuruna (incur) YAKALANMAK S
TEMYORSAN!'' diye barr.
My company incurred heavy losses in its
first year.
The soldiers sxposed themselves to the
enemy's fire as they made their attack
D ont jeopardize ali your good vvork by
being careless now!
They endangered their lives going fishing
during the fierce storm.
The drought threatened our crops.
Most doctors agree that smoking puts
told the enemy vvhere we vvere.
Their life jackets saved them from drowning.

338- adamant (d'mnt) : ok sert; inat
adamant = stubborn, obstinate,
pig-headed, inflexible,
uncompromising, persistent,
inflexible
adamant x flexible : esnek
Bir okur, biemini OK SERT bulduu ke
yazar iin: "Hakl olduu taraflar olsa da
ADAMIN yazlar (adamant) OK SERT" di
ye sylenir.
He was adamant that he would not go.
She has an obstinate belief in her own ability.
He is a stubborn child who vvont obey his
mother.
t is no use trying to talk sense to a pigheaded person.,
We begged him not to punish us but he
was inflexible.
No was his uncompromising answer.
Be persistent-don't give up.
The PM is not prepared to be flexible
about the governments economic policy.
339- earnest (rnst) : ciddi; gerek
earnest = determined, ardent,
resolute, serious, critical, fervent
earnest x casual : rastgele; dikkatsiz
Edebiyat dersinde ERNEST Heming\vay'i in
celeyen retmen: "ERNEST (earnest) CDD
ve GEREK bir romancdr" der.
At school he was very earnest but hes
more relaxed now.
The Importance of Being Earnest'- is varit
ten by O. VVILDE.
He is determined t. win in the end.
Dr, zlem is a very ardent lover.
We urged him to be resolute.
Cve brought you here to discuss a serious
matter.
He had to make a critical decision,
lm a fervent admirer of your books
To a casual observer, everything might
appear normal.
197
196
336- equilibrium (ikulbriym) : denge

ecjuilibrium = balance, equity, stability
ecjuilibriun x unbalance : dengesizlik
10 puan gerideki yarmac bir sonraki soruyu
beklerken: -'LK BLRMYM? o zaman pu
anlara (equilibrium) DENGE gelir. dle de
ortak olurum" diye dnr.
The resignation of the PM upset the counrys economic equilibrium.
Yoga is said to restore ones inner (=mental) equilibrium.
Gilbert Bechaud somehow managed to
keep his balance on the ice.
Ultimately, their aim is for a society based
on equity and social justice.
Thes relationship gives him the ort of
emotional stability which he needs so
badly
His terrible experience unbalanced him.
337- incur (inkrJ : yakalanmak, maruz
kalmak
incur = expose, jeopardize, endanger,
tlreaten, put at risk, conpromise
incur x save : korumak
At talimleri yaplan tepeye bir obann gel
diini gren komutan: "Buradan abuk N
KR kuruna (incur) YAKALANMAK S
TEMYORSAN!" diye barr.
My company incurred heavy losses in its
first year.
The soldiers exposed themselves to the
enemy's fire as they made their attack.
Don t jeopardize ali your good work by
being careless now!
They endangered their lives going fishing
during the fierce storm.
The drought threatened our crops.
Most doctors agree that smoking puts
told the enerny where we were
Their life jackets saved them from drowning.

338- adamant (dmnt) : ok sert; inat
adamant = stubborn, obstinate,
pig-headed, inflexibie,
uncompromising, persisteft,
inflexible
adamant x flexible : esnek
Bir okur, biemini OK SERT bulduu ke
yazar iin: "Hakl olduu taraflar olsa da
ADAMIN yazlar (adamant) OK SERT" di
ye sylenir.
He was adamant ihat he would not go.
She has an obstinate belief in her own ability.
He is a stubborn child who won't obey his
mother.
t is no use trying to talk sense to a pigheaded person...
We begged him not to punish us but he
was inflexible.
No was his uncompromising answer
Be persistent-dont give up,
The PM is not prepared to be flexible
about the governments economic policy.
339- earnest (rnst) : ciddi; gerek
earnest = determined, ardent,
resolute, serious, critical, fervent
earnest x casual : rastgele; dikkatsiz
Edebiyat dersinde ERNEST Hemingway"i in
celeyen retmen: "ERNEST (earnest) CDD
ve GEREK bir romancdr" der.
At school he was very earnest but he's
more relaxed now.
The Importance of Being Earnest" is writ
ten by O. W1LDE.
He is determined _ win in the end.
Dr. zlem is a very ardent lover.
We urged him to be resoiute.
Ive brought you here to discuss a serious
matter.
He had to make a critical decision
l'm a fervent admirer of your books
To a casual observer, everything might
appear normal.
197
198
340- concise (knsays'l : ksa, az ve z
concise = short, brief. abridged.
sumnary, condensed, terse
concise x iengthy : uzun
Kral, yeni btenin zetini meclise gnderir
ken, zerine "KNG SZE (kral size) btenin
(concise) KISA ve Z halini gnderdi" diye
not der.
Make your ansvvers clear and concise.
Your comment is very brief. You should
teli me rrore.
I hate engthy neetings. I prefer short
ones.
I have only read the abridged edition/version of his novel.
Can you give me a brief summary of what
was discussed at he meeting?
i haven't much time io listen so give me a
condensed version of what happened.
She vvrote a terse reply to his letter.
Many airline passengers face engthy (=
long) delays because of overcrowded airports.
341- scene (sin) : olayn getii yer (mahal)
scene = place. scenery, vievv, prospect,
outlook, Undscape
Saklamba oynayan genlerden en tecrbeli
olan, yanndaki arkadana: "Sen bir yere SN
(saklan) (scene) OLAYIN GET*YER de
grnme. Ben bamn aresine bakarm" der
These objects were iound at the scene of
the erime.
This is the place vvhere the accident hap
pened.
They go to the Rockies for the air and the
magnificient scenery.
We looked at the spectacular vievv from
the top of the skyscraper.
Dad took a photo of the prospect from the
front steps of our holiday hotel.
The outlook from my bedroom vvindovv is
onto the park.
The landscape consisted of a nice green
valley with a river running through it.

342- insight (insayt) : bir eyin i yzn
kavrama
insight = comprehension,
understanding, perceptin.
discernment, penetration
Hesaplarda eksik knca st kattaki yardmc
sna seslenen muhasebe mdr: "Paray sen
de N SAY (insight) BR EYN YZ
N KAVRAMAk iin bu art" der.
U. Yusuf soon established himself as a
scientist of great insight and creativity.
The teacher gave us a comprehension
test.
He seems to have very little understand
ing of economics.
This drug may aiter your perceptin of
visual stimuli.
t is clear that you are a person of discern
ment.
They approach their own faith vvith the
same vigour and the same penetration.
343- bias (bays) : nyargl
bias = prejudiced, unfair, unjust,
partial, inequitable,
intolerant, bigoted
bias x impartial : tarafsz
Kadn: Neden byle NYARGILIsn?" diye
sorduunda, kocas: EE NE yapalm! BZ
BAYtz. (bias) Bu konuda NYARGILIyz
der. Bayz: "erkeiz" anlamnda kullanlmtr.
The government has accused the media
of bias.
Of course he is suitable for the job, you are
just prejudiced because he is very young
t was unfair of her to give Ali the best book.
t was unjust of the judge not to listen to ali
the accused man's vvitnesses.
The crovvd booed the referee for his
inequitab!e treatment of the two teams.
The British are stili, by and large, very
intolerant of foreigners.
He is the most bigoted man I ever met.
Reporters must be impartial and not shovv
political bias.
199
200
344- undue (AnduJ : gereksiz, ar
undue = unnecessary, excessive,
extreme, und' y, extra, superfluous
undue x necessary : gerekli
Tatilde ortalama ne kadar harcadklarn me
rak eden ift: ON DU (on milyondu) (undue)
GEREKSZ bir harcamayd derler.
The councillor promised that the new Sys
tem would not impose undue burdens on
the local taxpayer.
I tound a lot of the violence in the film
totally unnecessary.
The excessive rainfall this week caused
the river to flood.
They live in extreme poverty.
There is no need to be unduly pessimistic
about the situation.
I need some extra money.
There were so many helpets thai he was
superfluous.
Is it really necassary for me to attend the
summit meeting?
345- usher (Ar) : nc olmak, yol
gstermek
usher = pioneer, guide, steer, iead.
conduct, direct
Air adl dac, Ar trmannda gruba nc
OLMAK isteyince, hocas: AR. (usher)
NC OLMAK kolay bir ey deil. ok dik
katli olmalsn" der.
The bombing of Hiroshima ushered in the
nuclear age.
British scientists pioneered research into
micro computers.
We were guided into a privae room at the
back of the library.
I steered the guests tovvards the garden.
He led his team up on to the platform to
collect their medals.
Nihan vvas asked to direct operations,
The business is conducted from small
offices in the city.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szik

346- mould (mold) : biimlendirmek,
ekillendirmek
mould = form, shape, faslion. make,
manufacture, produce
mould x destroy : yoketmek
Bir deri fabrikasna modelci olarak giren sti
liste. i hakknda bilgi verilirken: "deri MONTu (mould) BMLENDRMEK sizin iiniz"
denir,
These huge presses mould the car bodies.
His character has been moulded more by
his experiences in life than by his education.
He took three matches and formed a triangle on the tablecloth.
Childhood experiences that shape a person's character.
Stone-Age peopie fashioned clothes for
themselves from animal skins.
Grandma is making a new jumper for me
Dad vvorks for a company that manufactures furniture.
My favourite author produces a new book
every year.
Her selfishness finally destroyed our relationship.
201
202
347- spare (sper): ldrmemek.
balamak, kurtarmak;
vermek, onsuz iini evirmek
spare = a) sav e. rescue, release
spare x punish : cezalandrmak
b) give, bestovv; part \vith
manage vvithout, do vvithout
spare x keep : elinde tutmak
Svari askerinin cephede tek bana at srd
n gren komutan: "SPERe girersen (spa
re) cann KURTARIRSIN!" diye barr.
The enemy killed ali the men, but spared
the women and children.
Thanks for helping me with that reportyou saved my life.
The governmet has refused to rescue the
bank from bankruptcy.
The zookeepers keepers released the
lions from their cage.
They never gave me a chance / choice.
Her Majesty the Queen bestowed a knighthood on hirn.
He hates parting with his cash.
If we can't afford a new car, we shall have
to manage vvithout.
The director cannot do vvithout a secretary
t was forbidden to punish children by
locking them up.
I always keep a notebook in my bag.

348-curtail (krtevl' : kstlamak
curtail = chvidle. abate, abbreviate,
decrease. peter out, dininish
curtail x increase : artmak
TVdeki ak oturumda sosyal yardmlarn bir
sre iin KISITLANDIINI duyan bir ev ha
nm: "Bendeki de KR TALH (curtail) yar
dmlar KISITLAMAK hep bana m denk ge
lecek!" der.
Due to the economic recession, lll have
to curtail my spending.
Our supplies of food were rapidly dwindling away.
At last the strom abated.
Katherine didn like her name being
abbreviated to Kate
Our sales are decreasing.
Their supply of food is petering out.
His illness diminshed his strength.
The cost of the project has increased dramaticaliy/substantially since it began.
Sirk cambazn izleyen kk bir ocuk: "Ben

de EVK biriyim. pte yryebilirim" deyin
ce: babas: "E CAHL (agile) bunun EVK
olmakla ne ilgisi var!" der.
Monkeys are very agile climbers.
She has a vvonderfully athletic body.
He played a sprightly tne on the recorder.
He is a spry old man and climbs ati the
stairs to his flat.
She was very light on her feet vvhen she
danced.
He vvatched her nimble fingers clicking
the knitting-needles.
George made a clumsy attempt to comfort
her.
) i > >> J ' >
349- agiie (cayl) : evik

agile = athletic, sprighth, spry,
light. nimble,
agile x clumsy : sakar, beceriksiz
204
350- rank (rangk) : sraya dizmek

rank = classifv, group, arrange,
grade, ort, file
rank x disorganize : altst etmek,
d7.enini bozmak
Yeni gelen kumalarn gelii gzel dizildiini
gren patron: RENKlerine gre (rank) SI
RAYA DZMEK bu kadar m zor?" diye sy
lenir.
The cups were ranked neatly on the shelf.
The books in the library are classified
by/accoring to subject.
I grouped the children according to age.
His books are neatly arranged in alphabetical order.
Eggs are usually graded into different
sizes.
Paper, plastic and cans are sorted for
recycling.
The librarian filed ali the index cards so
that we could find them easily.
I'nr too busy. Youll disorganize rny vvhole
morning schedule.
flee
vacate
mature
sanitary
misty
bankrupt
barren
plot
rush
| era
equilibrium
incur
adamant
earnest
concise
----------------
: kamak
: terketrrek; boaltmakfeshetmek
: o!gunla(tr)mak
: shhi, salkl
: sisli
: iflas ettirmek, iflas
: ksr
: entrika (evirmek)
: acele etmek
a
: denge
: yakalanmak, maruz
kalmak
: ok sert; inat
: ciddi; gerek
: ksa, az ve z
scene
insight
bias
undue
usher
mould
spare
curtail
agile
rank
: olayn getii yer

(mahal)
: bir eyin i yzn
kavrama
: nyargl
; gereksiz, ar
: nc olmak, yol
gstermek
: biimlendirmek,
ekillendirmek
: ldrmemek,
balamak,
kurtarmak; vermek,
onsuz iini evirmek
; kstlamak
: evik
i sraya dizmek
205

1) Everyone.. ........the building when the fire alarm sounded.
e) plotted
c) ushered
a) curtailed
b) ranked
d) fled
a
lot
while
she
was
at
college.
S
h
e
...........
2)
e) curtailed
c) plotted
d) ranked
b) fled
a) maured
3) Make your ansvvers clear and
e) barren
c) agile
a) bias
b) casual
d) concise
4) The government has accused the media o f ..
c) concise
e) agile
d) casual
a) impartial
b) bias
The
councillor
prornised
that
the
new
system
would
not
im
p
o
se ...........b
5)
dens on the locai taxpayer.
d) barren
e) undue
c) impartial
a) concise
b) agile
6) The bombing of H iroshim a.... ..... in the nuclear age.
e) curtailed
b) matured
c) ushered
d) plotted
a) fled
7) He w a s ..... .... that he would not go.
c) concise
d) barren
e) misty
a) adamant
b) undue
8) The mornings are o fte n .......... . in the mountains.
e) bias
c) concise
d) undue
a) impartial
b) misty
9) Hotel guests are reguested to ...........their rooms by twelve noon,.
e) vacate
a) usher
c) plot
d) mature
b) incure
10) I worry that they w ill...........against me.
a) vacate
c) plot
b) curtail
d) usher
e) incure

1) The resignation of the PM upset the countrvs economic eauilibrium.
e) epoch
c) balance
d) insight
a) ara
b) scene
2) He soon etablished himself as a scientist of great insight and creativity.
a) comprehension
b) era
c) balance
d) scene
e) eguilibrium
3) The PM is taking his country into a new political era with a package of radical
reforms.
e) equilibrium
d) scene
a) place
b) epoch
c) insight
5) Make your answers clear and conje.
d) undue
e) determined
a) sanitary
b) barren
c) short
6) Her kitchen didnt look verv sanitary.
a) healthy
b) concise
c) undue
7) There is plenty of time; we neednt ruh.
a) plot
b) spare
c) rnould
d) barren
e) bias
d) hurry
e) rank
8) These huae presses rnould the car bodies.

e) rush
d) plot
a) spare
b) form
c) rank
9) The enemy killed ali the men, but pared the vvomen and children..
a) fled
b) plotted
c) ushered
d) rescued
e) moulded
2 0 6
10)
These objecs were found at the scene of he erime.

a) era
b) insight
c) equtlibrium
d) balance
e) place

1)
2)
3)
4)
Your comment is very brief. You should teli me more.

a) lengthy
b) concise
c) bias
d) misty
The excessive rainfall this week caused the river o flood.
a) undue
b) necessary c) bar/en
d) bias
We longed for a child but my wife was barren.
a) undue
b) bias
c) concise
d) lengthy
l washed my handkerchief until it was spotless.
a) lengthy
b) fertile
c) insanitary
d) undue
e) undue
e) concise
e) fertile
e) barren
5)
These elassroorn activities are intended to foster children's language skills.

a) deteriorate b) pioneer
c) spare
d) flee
e) vacate
6)
The Conservative Party has now abandoned its policy of unilateral disarmament.
a) retained
b) vacated
c) spared
d) ranked
e) fled
The cups were ranked neatly on the shelf
a) fled
b) retained
c) spared
d) plotted
e) disorganized
7)
8) The mornings are often misty in the mountains.

a) barren
b) fertile
c) concise
d) clear
e) insanitary
9) Due to the economic recession, li have to curtail my spending
a) mould
b) inerease
c) spare
d) flee
e) usher
10) Monkeys are very agjle elimbers.
a) earnest
b) cloudy
c) clumsy
d) adamant
e) barren

equilibrium,
plotting,
bias,
insight,
agle,
obstinate.
scene,
hurry,
serous
fled
1) Monkeys are v e ry ...........elimbers

2) lve brought you here to discuss a ...........matter.
3) She has a n ...........belief in her own ability.
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
These objects were found at th e ...........of the erime.

He soon established himself as a scients of g re a t...........and creativity.
The government has accused the rredia o f .............
They a r e ...........(together-, to take ver the company.
t is late; wed b e tte r.............
9) Everyone...........(from) the building when the fire alarm sounded.

10) Yoga is said to restore one's inner (=m ental)............

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
We must a k e ...........before things get worse. (act)

There is a lot o f ...........outside the stadium. (act)
Dont worry about the volcano. t has b e e n ...........for years.. (act)
She said she vvanted to be a television............. (act)
Are ali th o s e ...........they put in food really necessary? (add)
6) n ........... to doirg the cleaning, I make the coffee. (add)

7) This is a n ...........piece of work.. (admire)
8) l'm full o f ...........for the improvements hes made. (admire)
9) Unfortunately, you'll be at a ...........if you can't drive.. (advartage)
10) Knovving a lot of languages, he is in a v e ry ......... position. (advantage)
207
208
351-spectacular (spektkylr) :
harikulade, grlmeye deer
spectacular = impressive.
eye-catching, rvonderful, fabulous.
extraordinary, striking
spectacular x ordinary : sradan
Bayan mteri yumurtacya: "Hangisinden ve
receksin?"diye'sorunca: "Abla SEPETTEKLER (spectacular) HARKULADE. GRLMEYE DEER! Gerek ky yumurtas" der.
The most spectacular goal of he match
was scored by Hagi.
There are some impressive buildings in
he town.
The shopkeeper put the most eye-caching clothes in the shop window.
t vvas a vvonderful sight to see the rocket
taking off.
We had a fabulous time looking ver the
space museum.
Sending rockets into space is an extraordinary achievement.
She is a very striking girl.
We are very ordinary people really-theres
nothing special about us.
352- curriculun (krkylm) : mfredat
curriculum = schedule, policv,
scheme, project, plan, program
Okul mdr gen retmeni odasna ar
tp: "KIRK YILIN banda (curriculum)
MFRADAT hazrladn. Onu da becereme
din. Nasl olurda bir retmen ayn anda be
ayr derse birden girebilir" diye sorar.
Is Russian on the curriculum at your school?
Ali State schools in Turkey follovv a national curriculum.
His schedule includes a two day stopover
in Ankara to meet the PM.
it is not our policy to reveal our clients'
narnes.
t is hard to see any scheme in what this
vvriter has vvritten; t is very confused.
I'm doing a project on the history of the
cinema.
If we keep to the plan, the work should be
cornpleted in two vveeks.
So far the testing program for the drug
has produced encouraging results.

35 3-tarnish (tarni) : lekelemek,
karalamak
tarnisi = blacken, soil, stain, blemish
tarnish x polish : parlatm ak
zmir'deki ! ARIM Tesisleri'nde iten
kartlan bir ii TARIM-i (tarnish) LEKE
LEMEK. KARALAMAK iin elinden geleni
yapar.
Silvet tamishes easily and turns black if
not polished regularly.
The island's name has been blackened by
the travel writer in his latest book.
I wouldn't soil my hands on/with such a
dishonest scheme.
Severai important politicians have had
their reputations stained by this scandal.
The scandal has blemished her shining
reputation.
You should polish your shoes regularly to
protect the leather.
354- natch (sna) : kapmak, karmak
snatch = seize, make off vvith, fly off
vvith, make avvav vvith, \valk
away with
snatch x release : serbest brakmak
Manda yuva yapm st dalma, yavrusunu
SNEK (snatch) KAPMI. KAIRMI.
He snatched the phoos out ot my hand
before ! had a chance to look at thern.
! seized his arm and made him turn to look
at m e.
The pcce chased hm but the thief made

off vvith the oiamonds.
Someone has no-vn ati vvith my bag.
The polie gave chase. but thieves made
avvay vvith the jewe!s.
Someone got in and vvalked avvay wi;h the
money while we were out.
She was arrested tor shopliftn.j but was
reieased on bail.
209
210
355- syllabus (slbs) : zet (ders vs.)
syllabus = summary. resume, precis,
synopsis, outline, plan
retmen son dersin ZETini karmas iin
snf bakanm grevlendirirken: "ZET bitin
ce benim odama gel. Kapdaki ZLE BAS
(syllabus) bende ZETin bittiini anlarm" der.
I want you to vvrite a syllabus of the whole
passage in not more than 80 words.
I gave the class a summary of the headmasters speech.
He gave us a resume of progress on the
new tennis courts.
Kerim wrote a precis of the article on
grass snakes.
Sfe wrote a synopsis of the novel to persuade us to re ad it.
We were ali given an outline of what had
to be done.
I jotted down a plan for my story before I
began to vvrite it.
356- dallv (dali) : vakit ldrmek,
oyalanmak
dallv = dawdle, dilly-dally, loiter,
linger, tarrv
dally x hurry : acele etmek
Olunun ders almadm gren anne:
"Yavrum sen DEL misin? (dally) imdi
OYALANMANIN zaman m? Yarn ki sna
va ben mi gireceim?" der.
Kerim always dallies ver tasks that he
doesnt like doing,
Youll never get there if you dawdle so
much.
Don't dilly-dally - just pack your things and
then we can go!
I loitered near the park hoping to see
someone to play with
We lingered at the monkeys' cage because
they rnade us laugh.
We tarried until it was almost too late to
catch the train.
We will have to hurry or we will be late.

357-alimony (al'moni) : nafaka
alimony = naintenance
Mahkemede hakimin kendisine balad NAFAKAy beenmeyen bir Karadenizli kadn:
"Ne yapalm? Bari ALYM ON (alimony)
bu NAFAKA ile ocuk okutulmaz. Ama
baka arem yok" diye sylenir.
He refused to pay alimony for his three
children.
1have no job and receive no maintenance
from my childrens father.
A lot of young mothers do not sue their
formet husbands for maintenance.
358- oasis (oney'ss) : vaha
oasis = spring
l gezen bir gurup turist rehberlerini kaybe
dince susuz kalr. VAHA bulmak iin harca
nan abalar da boa gidince, ilerinden biri
rehberi kastederek: "O BEY SZ (oasis) bir
VAHA bulmak imkansz" der.
The caravan stopped for the night at an
oasis.
Her bedroom is an oasis of calm in the
noisy house.
A spring is a place where vvater flows out
from the ground.
211
212
359- breach (bri) : ihll (etmek)
breacl = defy, flout, disobey, break;
infringe, violate, break ones promise
breach x obey : sz dinlemek,
denileni yapmak
Arkadana BR kurallarn reten BR
ustas, bir ara: "Eer oyun banda koz syle
mezsen. bu durum BRte (breach) kural H
LAL demektir. Dikkatli ol der.
They breached the agreement they had
made with their employer.
He defied his mother when she told him to
turn off the radio,
They flouted the drug laws.
She disobeyed orders.
Your actions broke ali the rules and regulations.
You musnt infringe the school rules.
The UN censured the nation which violated the international treaty.
She broke her promise/vvord to me.
The soldier said that he was just obeying
orders.
360- surplus (srplAs) : ar, fazla
surplus = excess, extra, excessive,
unnecessarv. superfiuous, spare
surplus x necessarv : gerekli
Lordlar Kamaras'nda yapt konumalarda
hep ARTI (ek) sre isteyen bir yenin ad SIR
PLUS'a kar. Ne zaman sz istese: "SIR
PLUS (surplus) FAZLA sre ister. Ona. be
dakika yetmez" denilir.
The sore is selling off stock that is surplus
to requirements.
An excess of enthusiasm is not always a
good thing.
Recenly he has been vvorking an extra
two hours a day.
He takes an excessive interest in clothes.
I found a lot of the violence in the film
totally unnecessary.
Their eyes met across the room, and
words were superfiuous
Ali children should bring a spare set of
clothes in case they get wet.
Just do vvhats necessary and then leave.

361- sum (sAm) : toplama(k), yekn
karma(k)
sum = add, calculate, count, figre up
sum x minus : eksi
Hesaplara bakan patron, muhasebeci SAM'a
seslenerek: SAVl u hesaplan (sum) TOPLA,
ve YEKUNu bana bildir der.
The sum of 13 and 8 is.21.
She added a Picasso to her collecfion.
He took out his ruler and calculated the
area of the square.
Can you count how many books are left
for me, please?
Add these figures up and see what the
total is?
What is 59 minus 39?
362- random (ran'dm) : tesadf, rasgele
random = haphazard, accidental,
coincidental, chance, fiuky,
arbitrary
random x deliberate : kasti, nceden
dnlm
Yeni ie balayan iilerden RANDIMAN
alamayan patron yapt toplantda: Buras
babanzn iftlii deil ki! RANDIMAN (ran
dom) RASGELE, TESADF olsun!" diye
sylenir.
We asked a random sample/selection of
people what they thought.
George Duke tackled the problem in a
typically haphazard manner.
Don get angry with him for breaking the
window because it was purely accidental.
t was coincidental that we both went to
the movies yesterday,
I came across this valuable vase by a
chance vist to a junk shop.
That fiuky goal in the basketbali match
was thrown by iheir shortest player.
The fans complained about the apparently
arbitrary distribuion of tickets for the next
game.
He made a deliberate attempt to mislead us
213
214
363- detect (dtekf) : bulmak, meydana

karmak
detect = locate, find, discover,
discern. perceive. ascertain
detect x conceal : gizlemek
ngilizce kompozisyon snavndan zayf alan
renci duruma itiraz edince, retmen: "te
snav kadn. inde "THE" geen bir TEK
cmle (detect) BULMAK imknsz" der.
High levels of lead have been deteeted in
the atmosphere.
At last I located the fault in the engine.
He found his pen under a chair.
Gravity was discovered by Nevvton when
an apple fell on this head
1soon discerned that the old man was lying.
We were unable to perceive where the
problem iay.
I ascertained that she was dead.
He managed to conceal from his parents
where he was going
364- eminent (em'nmt) : sekin, stn
eninent = distinguished, prestigious,
important, prominent,
pre-eminent, famous
eninent x unknotvn : bilinmeyen
Bankaya yatrlmas gereken iki milyon dolar
kime teslime edeceini dnen bir i adam
na. orta: "Bizim EMN EN (eminent) SE
KN insandr. EMN'e ver" der.
Even the most eminent doctors could not
cure him,
I think grey hair on a man can look very
distinguished.
The famous singer earned his prestigious
position by praetising for hours every day.
We planned a special vveleome for the
important visitor.
Because she was a prominent member of
the council everyone listened to her.
He is the pre-eminent scientist in his fieid.
A famous film star has come to live in our
village.
The exact number of people carrying the
virs is unknovvn.

365- adore (dr'I : tap(m)mak
adore = vvorship, idolize. revere,
venerate, honour, respect, love
adore x despise : nefret etmek
Ege Uygarlklarndan biri olan DOR'larn.
BR KAPIYA (TAPDIKLARI) TAPINDAKLARI iin. A DOOR (adore) DOR adyla anl
dklarn hayal edin.
He adores his ex-wife
His follovvers vvorshipped at his feet.
As a child he idolized his father, until his
parents divorced.
Jews revere Moses and ali their prophets.
Roman Catholics venerate the Pope.
We honour our country by singing the
national anthem.
Aboriginal children are taught to respect
their tribal elders.
I love my parents.
John despised himself for being such a
covvard.
366- \vorship (vvor'p) : tap(m)mak
vvorship = adore. revere, venerate,
respect, love, idolize, admire
vvorslip x scorn : kmsemek
Aztek Uygarl'm inceleyen bilim adanlan.
Azteklerin SAVA GEMSNE W AR SHP
(vvorslip) TAPTIKLARINI ortaya karr.
Let us bow down and worship God.
He adores his elder brother.
We ali revere Shakespeare's plays as
great literatre.
Roman Catholics venerate the Pope.
He isn't the most popular teacher, but ali
the students respect him.
His employers didnt esteem him (to be)
worthy of trust.
The young teacher was much loved and
esteemed.
Almost 20 years after his death, Elvis is
stili idolized by millions of funs.
What I really admire about her is the way
she always stays calm.
Herman Prey scorned my advances.
216
367-sneer at (snir at) : kmsemek,

alay etmek
sneer at = deride, nock, taunt,
ridicule, scorn, tease
sneer at x esteem : hrmet etmek
Okuldan gelen kznn aladn gren anne
nedenini sorduunda, kz: "Beni arkadala
rm SNR ETtiler, (sneer at) yeni ayakkabm
la ALAY ETTLER" der.
He sneered at my attempts to vvrite poetry,
She was derided for making such a stupid
proposal
t was unkind of them to laugh when Mary
mocked Kathy's lisp.
The louts taunted the lame boy fot not
running faster.
Ali ridiculed Veli's attempt to row the boat,
Aye scorned my advances.
Dont tease the kitlen like that.
Her work is highly esteemed by ali her colleagues.
368- expire (kspayr) : bitmek,
sona ermek; lmek
espire = end, finish, terminate, cease;
die, perish
expire x begin : balamak
lalama yapld halde, evde hala PRE ol
duunu iddia eden karsna kzan Veli Bey:
Bunlar EX-PRE ESK PRE hepsi LD.
Bu i burada (expire) BTT"" der,
The contract between the two companies
will expire at the end of the year.
The storm ended almost as suddenly as it
had begun.
The match finished when it grew too dark
to see the ball.
The concert terminated with a solo by the
leading tenor,
The canarys vvhistling ceased when I covered its cage.
My pet dog died las week,
The explorers perished in the desert,
Karajan expired on Christmast Day.
When will you begin to study English?

369- espress (kspres): anlatmak, aklamak
express = explain, clarify, elucidate,
spell out, teli, articulate
e.vpress x suppress : rtbas etmek,
nlemek
EXPRES trenin ne olduunu soran renciye
retmeni: "EXPRES tren her istasyonda dur
maz. Bu nedenle de dierlerine gre daha hz
l gider" diye (express) AIKLAR.
I would like o express my thanks for your
kindness.
Can you explain what you mean?
Can you clarify your answet?
I cant give you an ansvver until you eluci
date what you mean.
Kerem is only four so you had better spell
out the rules of the game.
Do you always teli the truth?
Many people are opposed to the new law,
but have had no opportunity to articulate
their opposition.
The government used their emergency
powers to suppress the truth about the
accident.
370- enlighten (inlaytn) : bilgi vermek
enlighten : inform, instruct, aquaint,
edify, educate, teach
enlighten x confuse : artmak,
yanltmak
Mteri. LGHT YOURT isteyince: bakkal:
"EN LGHTI bu marka (enlighten) diye BILG VERR._______________________________
Perhaps you will allovv me to enlighten
you.
I informed him of your success.
The dentist instructed us on how to are
for our teeth.
Let me acquaint you with the facts of the
case.
The film s aim is not to edify, but simply to
entertain.
She lives in Turkey but was educated in
the USA.
He teaches music.
Dont give me so much information-you're
confusing me.
217
218
371- drill (drill : talim yap(tr)mak;

altrma yap(tr)mak
drill = teach, train, instruct, coach,
e.xercise, practise
Eitim avuu askerlere isteksizce TALM
YAPTIRINCA, durumu gren komutan: l
gibisin! Biraz DRL (drill) TALM YAPTIR
MAK o kadar kolay m? diye kzar.
The officer drilled the soldiers
She taught Turkish to foreign students.
He trained as a pilot.
I need someone to instruct me in how to
use the Computer.
He coached me in maths so I could understand the new work.
She exercises every morning by running.
Aye practises the violin exery day.
372- indict (indayt) : sulamak; sorguya
ekmek
indict = accused of, charged \vith,
condemn, censure, prosecute;
interrogate, ask a question,
inquire, question
indict x acquit : beraat ettirmek
Uzun sredir i bulamad iin dama kan
bir kiiyi, polisler ikna etmek iin: nad b
rak! N DAYATma (indict) seni SULA
MAK; SORGUYA EKMEK gibi bir niyeti
miz yok!" diye seslenirler.
The company was indicted for making
excessive profits.
The teacher accused the boy of cheating
in the test.
The polie charged him with speeding.
I didn't condemn him for what he had done.
The doctor was censured for negligence.
People who give the polie false information will be prosecuted.
The polie interrogated the suspect for
several hours.
If you want to ask a question raise your
hand.
Where do you live?" he inquired.
Three men are being questioned by the
polie in connection with the robbery,
The jury acguitted him (of murder).

373- extra\agant (ikstravTgmt) :
savurgan: ar: abartl
extravagant = prodigal. lavish,
vvasteful; excessive. extreme:
exaggerated
extravagant x thrifty : tutumlu
Tren seferlerine gereksiz yere EXTRA VAGONlar eklendiini fark eden iletme md
r: "EXTRA VAGON (extravagant) SAVURGANlktan baka bir ey deil. Bunlar derhal
seferden kaldrn!" der.
Dont be so extravagant; spend your
money more carefully.
There have been rumours tha he has
been prodigal with company funds.
He is lavish with his money.
t is waseful to throvv these away; we
might be able to use them one day.
The prices at this hotel are excessive.
His political views are rather extreme.
He has an exaggerated idea of his own
importance.
My wife is very thrifty.
374- discard (dskard) : karmak, atmak
discard = cast aside, get rid of, throvv
a\vay, dispose of, dispense \vith, shed
discard x retain : alkoymak
Bilgisayar programcs elindeki bilgisayar
kartn bir an evvel deitirmek isteyince :
"BU KART, THS CARD (discard)"hemen
elimden IKARMAK, ATMAK zorundaym"
diye dnr,
Remove the skins from the tomatoes and
discard them.
You must cast aside/away/off ali your fears.
He must get rid of his unhappiness.
You should throvv away ali those old
clothes ycu never vvear.
The murderer was unable to dispose of
the body.
We shall have to dispense vvith the car.
We cant afford it.
The factory is planning to shed about a
quarter of its vrorkforce.
Jimmy Page managed to retain his dignity
throughout the performance.
219
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Sbzliik
22 0
375- harsh (hars) : kaba, insafsz
harsh = rough, coarse, lgar, cruel,
vicious. ruthless, barbaric
harsh x gentle : kibar
zmir'i igal eden Yunan Ordusu gsteri yr
y yapnca, askerlerin yrrken kartt
sesleri duyan bir Trk: "HAR HARS HAR
(harsh) KABA. NSAFSIZ adamlar" diye sy
lenir.
We thought the punishmeni was rather
harsh for such a minr offence.
The boys were rough, always looking for a
fight.
This dog has coarse hair.
He apologized for his vulgar manners during he concert.
His cruel remark made her cry,
The vicious dog tried to attack the passersby
The ruthless dictator executed anyone
who dared oppose him.
Everyone condemned the barbaric torture
of prisoners.
irin has a gentle smile and a soft voice.
speciacular
curriculum
i tarnish
; snatch
syllabus
dally
alimony
oasis
breach
surplus
i sum
random
detect
V
harikulade, grlmeye
deer
mfredat
lekelemek, karalamak
kapmak, karmak
zet (ders vs.)
vakit ldrmek,
oyalanmak
nafaka
vaha
ihll (etmek)
ar, fazla
toplama(k), yekn
karma(k)
tesadf, rasgele
bulmak, meydana
karmak
eminent
adore
vvorship
sneer at
expire
express
eniighten
drill
indict
extravagant
discard
harsh
, ............
a
sekin, ustun
tap(n)mak
tap(n)mak
kmsemek, alay
etmek
bitmek, sona ermek;
lmek
\
anlatmak, aklamak
bilgi vermek
talim yap(tr)mak;
altrma yap(tr)mak ,
sulamak; sorguya
ekmek
savurgan; ar; abartl
karmak, atmak
kaba, insafsz
....... J
351. * 375. Altrmalar
221

1) The m o s t...........goal of fhe mach was scored by Hagi.
a) spectacular b) harsh
c) extravagant
d) barren
2) II w a s ...........of you to buy strawberries out of season.
a) barren
b) harsh
c) extravagant
d) eminent
e) undue
e) unknovvn
3) I would like t o ...........my thanks for your kindness.

a) expire
b) deride
c) sneer at
d) express
e) indict
4) The company w a s ...........for making excessive profits.

a) expired
b) indicted
c) derided
d) snatched
e) breached
5)
H e ...........at my ali attempts to vvrite poetry.

a) expressed b) indicted
c) breached
d) sneered
e) snatched
6) The o ffic e r......... the soldiers.

a) driiled
b) expired
c) suppressed
e) concealed
7) High levels of lead have b e e n ...........in the atmosphere.
a) expired
b) detected
c) driiled
d) concealed e) indicted
8) We asked a ...........sample / selection of people what they thought.
a) thrifty
b) spectacular c) extravagant d) undue
e) random
9) Even the m o s t...........doctors couldn't cure him.
a) undue
b) thrifty
c) eminent
d) random
e) undue
10)
Let us bow down a n d ......... God.

a) vvorship
b) detect
c) expire
d) conceal
e) drill

1 ) Dont be so extravaqant; spend your money more carefully.
2)
a) random
b) thrifty
c) prodigal
d) harsh
High levels of lead have been detected in the atmosphere
a) located
b) worshipped c) expressed
d) driiled
e) eminent
e) indicted
3) The contract betvveen the tyvo companies will expire at the end of the year.
a) sneer at
b) end
c) vvorship
d) adore
e) indict
4) l vvould like to express my thanks for your kindness.

a) indict
b) drill
c) explain
d) end
Perhaps
you
will
allovv
me
to
enlighten
you.
5)
a) drill
b) indict
c) sneer a t,
d) worship
6 ) Remove the skins frorr the tomatoes and diard them.
a) indict
b) drill
c) inform
d) indict
e) sneer at
e) inform
e) defect
7) Even the most eminent doctors could not cure him.

a) random
b) extravagant c) distinguished d) thrifty
8) Let us bow down and vvorship God.

a) adore
bjdrill
c) inform
e) harsh
d) indict
e) detect
d) trained
e) expressed
9) The officer driiled the soldiers

a) detected
b) vvorshipped c) expired
222
10)
We thought the punishmen was raher harsh for such a minr offence.
a) thriity
b) random
c) eminent
d) extravagant
e) rough
1) Perhaps you will allovv me to enjgjhten you.

a) discard
b) breach
c) detect
d) dally
2) An excess of enthusiasm is not alvvays a good tbing.
a) necessary b) harsh
c) random
d) eminent
e)confuse
e) extravagant
3) You should polish your shoes regularly to protect the leather,

a) conceal
b) tarnish
c) dally
d) breach
e) drill
4) He snatched the photos out of my hand before I had a chance to look at them.
a) drilled
b) tarnished
c) released
d) discarded
e) adored
5) At last I iocated the faul! in the engine.
a) concealed b) calculated c) tarnished
d) breached
6) You'll never get there if you dawdle so much!
a) mock
b) despise
c) locate
d) sum
e) despised
e) hurry
7) We ali revere Shakespeares plays as great literatr.

a) sum
b) scorn
c) conceal
d) tarnish
e) dally
8) Can you explain vvha you mean?
a) sum
b) scorn
c) suppress
d) dally
e) tarnish
9) The contract between the tvvo companies will expire at the end of the year.
a) begin
b) sum
c) breach
d) conceal
e) despise
10) l didnt condernn him for what he had done.
a) confuse
b) acquit
c) sum
d) despise
e) mock
summary,
breached,
alimony,
maintenance,
cirriculum,
oasis,
syllabus,
rough,
dallies
haphazard
1) s Russian on t h e ...........at your school?

2) T h e y ...........the agreement they had made vvith their employer.
3)
4)
5)
6)
I want you to write a ...........of the whole passage in not more than 80 vvords.
Kerem alw a ys...........ver tasks that he doesn't like doing.
He refused to p a y ...........for his three children.
A lot of young mothers do not sue their former husband f o r .............
7) I gave the class a ...........of the headmaster's speech.

8) The caravan stopped for the night at an ..............
9) He tackled the problem in a ty p ic a liy...........manner.
10) The boys were rough, alvvays icoking for a fight.

1) He works for a n ...........agency. (advertise)
2) I saw a n ...........for the job in our local nevvspaper. (advertise)
3) He gets very angry if y o u .......... vvith his ideas.. (agree)
4) T h e ...........we made was for one year only. (agree)
5) l only had a day to visit ail the to u ris t............. (attract)
6) She smiles s o ..........., doesn't she? (attract)
7) My grandfather only had a v e ry ........... education.. (base)
8) The organisation is run on a vo lu n ta ry............. (base)
9) Half th e s e ...........are wrong! (calculate)
10) My son wants a p o cke t......... for his birthday. (calculate)
223
224
376- mete out (mit out) : lp vermek,
taksim etmek (ceza vs.)
mete out = distribute, allocate, ration,
allot, share, divide
mete out x \vithhold : kendine
saklamak, vermemek
METE bayram harlndan kardeine pay
vermeyince, babas: METE hepsi senin deil
ki! Hemen paray kardeinle (mete out) TAK
SM ET." diye kr.
We need a judge who will mete out justice
with a firm hand.
He distributed gifts to the children.
The children allocated some of their
money to buy svveets,
During the war, the authorities rationed
food because it was in short supply.
Most of the money has already been alloted.
The children shared the toys.
I divided the books among the children.
He vvithheld vital information from the polie.
377- haul (hol) : ekmek, ekerek tamak
haul = drag, dravv, tow, pull; carry,
convey, transport
laul x push : itmek
Aye Hanm sobay nereye kuracana karar
veremeyince kocas: En iyi yer HOL. nk
btn eve snr. Ama nce sobav HOLe (ha
ul) EKMEK. EKEREK TAIMAK zorun
dayz" der.
They hauled dovvn the enemy's flag when
they captured the city.
The protesters were dragged away by the
polie.
I quickly drew my hand away from the hot
stove.
The tractor towed our car out of the flooded river.
I pulled my fishing line into the boat but
the bait was gne.
The ship carried its cargo across the sea.
A bus conveyed the passengers from the
airport into town.
We hired a truck to transport our furniture
to our new house.
Dont push; w ait for your turn to get on the
bus.
He pushed her into making a decision.

378- heed (hid) : dinlemek; nemsemek
heed = mind, attend, pay attention to,
listen to, take notice of, regard,
obey, conply with, follovv
heed x ignore : gzard etmek
Beatles tanmayan oluna kzan baba: "Beatles'n HT olmu en az otuz arks var. Hi ol
mazsa bu HT paralan (heed) DNLEMEK,
NEMSEMEK zorundasn" diye t verir.
Pay heed to/Take heed of her advice.
We decided to heed the No Svvimming"
notice at the lake.
Mind that you dont rip,
Are you attending to vvhat is being said?
Pay attention to vvhat I am saying!
She never listens to rne/to my advice.
Dont take any notice of (=pay no attention
to) vvhat she says.
If you fail to regard my vvarning, you may
be sorry.
The children obeyed their parents.
The audience complied with the request
to remain in their seats,
i will follovv your instructions.
How can the government ignore the wishes of the majority.
379- hectic (hektk) : heyecanl, telal; hrsl
hectic = excited, fussy, thrilled,
exhilarated; ambitious, avid, eager
hectic x cooi : sakin
051u TK nedenivle szlerini krpnca, annesk"HEP TK bu kadar (heclic) HEYECANLI,
TELALI olmasa ne olurdu" diye zlr,
This morning there was hectic trading on
the Stock Exchange.
An excited crowd waited for the group to
arrive outside the theatre.
The manager turned out to be a fussy lif
tle man.
She was thrilled vvhen she knew you were
coming.
They felt exhilarated after the ride on the
roller-coaster.
She has some ambitious expansion plans
for her business.
She was avid for equal rights for immigrants.
She sounded very eager to meet you.
He was very cool and calm about the
mishap, didnt shout or lose his temper.
225
226
380- deride (drayd' : alay etmek
deride = tease, sneer at, mock.
laugh at, ridicule, .jeer
deride x respect : hrmet etmek
Arkadalar] DER ceketiyle ALAY EDNCE
kzgn adam: "Ne sarm DERDE! (deride)
ALAY ETMEK iin bahane aryorsunuz " der.
J Page was derided for making such a
stupid suggestion
I was only teasing 1didnt mean to upset
you.
She will probably sneer at my new shoes
because they arent leather,
You shouldn't mock at other people's religious beliefs
t was so funny, I couldn't help laughing.
He was ridiculed tor his ideas.
The team was playing dreadfully, and the
crowd jeered (at) them.
I deeply respect her courage.
381- disnal (dz'nl) : neesiz; snk
distal = loomy. dark, deerless,
depresin, sad, unhappy,
discouraging, pessimistic
disnal x cheerful : neeli
Yeni retilen klk modeli beenmeyen nl
bir modac: "TH1S-MAL (disnal) hem NE
ESZ hem de SNK BU MALI listeden
kann" diye talimat erir.
The future looks pretty dismal.
Our future seems gloomy.
Don't always look on the dark side of things,
They live in a bare, cheerless apartment
in downtown stanbul.
We rinally to d him to keep his depressing
comments to himself.
I was sad when my best friend left our
school.
She was unhappy when she couldnt go to
the picnic.
His discouraging talk began to make us
lose hope.
He was pessimistic abou our chances of
being rescued.
She is in a cheerful mood this morning.

382- anple (am'pl) : bol, byk
unple = irge, substantial, great,
massive. big, gigantic. roony,
generous
anple x tiny : kk
Bir dkkn sahibi ylba iin hazrlanan vitri
ni beenmeyince: "BOL AMPUL (anple) ko
yun. Hem de BYK olsun" der.
You will have ample opporunity to ask
questions arter the meeting.
I didn't expec such a large number of people to attend the concert.
The union is calling for a substantial pay
increase this year.
I have great difficulty in reading vvithout
my glasses.
His house is massive
John is the biggest in his family.
The ship vvas sunk by a gigantic wave
My nevv tat is vry roony.
We are not exp Ting a generous pay rise.
Ayta lives in a tiny flat.
383- evade tiveyd) : paay kurtarm ak
evade = elude. dodge, circumvent.
avoid, steer ciear of, siirk. niss
evade x face : yz yze gelmek
Kstl olanaklarla yuva kuran yeni evliler, na
sl evlendiklerine arp kalrlar. Kendi arala
rnda: "IEEE VADEli satlar olmasayd (eva
de) bu islen PAAYI KURTARMAK zor
olurdu" diye konuurlar.
She evaded her pursuers by hiding in a
cave.
They eluded the polie by fleeing to the
USA.
How did he manage to dodge paying the
fine?
The company opened an office abroad in
order to circumvent the tax laws.
1went another way to avoid the traffic jam
We steered ciear of the deepest part of
the river,
They vvere very clever at shirking the hard
work.
I rnissed that film because I thought it
would be boring
They are faced with financial penalties.
227
228
384- ferocity (frasti) : vahet, vahilik

ferocity = crueltv, brutality, savagery,
severity, ruthlessness
ferocity x goodness : iyilik
Eski batda VAHET'in kol gezdii bir blge
de FERRO KROM madeni bulununca, blge
ye FERO CITY ad verilir. Yllar sonra FEROCITYye gelen bir kovboy: "Bir sre nce FE
RO CITYMe (ferocity) VAHLK'ten. VAHETten baka bir ey yoktu" diye arr,,
The ferocity of the attack has shocked a
lot of people,
The tamer was accused of cruelty to animals.
His former wife charged with him of beating, verbal abuse, and other brutalities.
The savagery in his voice made her step
back in terror.
Even the doctors were shocked by the
severity of his injuries.
The prisoners were treated with great
ruthlessness by the secret agents,
Mother Teresas goodness is an example
to us ali.
385- nuse (myuz) : dnceye dalmak
muse = reflect, neditate, runinate,
contenplate, think about,
ponder, weigh
nl ressam Picasso, kendi resimlerinin sergi
lendii MZE'vi gezerken ok duygulanr ve:
"Bu MZE (muse) DNCEYE DAL
MAK iin bire bir" diye mrldanr,
1began to muse about/on the possibility of
starting-my own business.
She reflected that this was probably the
last time she vvould see him.
If you meditate on a problem you can find
a solution to it.
He ruminated over/on the problem.
He contemplated the letter for several minutes.
Study this poem and think about it until
you understand its real meaning.
We pondered the question of whether we
would let him join our club.
Give me some time to weigh your suggestion in my mind.
Kelime Ezberleen Kurgusal Szlk

386-ameliorate (milyreyt) : dzeltmek
ameliorate = amend, improve, better,
enrich, enhance, perfect, pronote
ameliorate x deteriorate : bozulmak
Konsltasyon yapan bir grup doktor sonunda
kararn aklar: Tek are AMELYAT (ame
liorate) hastay DZELTMEK iin bu art,
Foreign aid is badly needed to ameliorate
the effects of the draught,
The Society's constitution has been
amended to allow vvomen to become president.
1want to improve my handwriting.
He bettered his last score by ten runs.
Farmers enrich the soil with fertiliser.
A coa of paint should enhance the value
of the house.
The inventor perfected his invention before
selling it.
Milk promotes health.
The paients condition deteriorated in the
morning.
387- forgo (forgo) : gnll olarak
vazgemek
forgo = quit, relinguish, renounce,
forsake, give up, abandon, surrender
Bir doktora rencisi askerlik grevini yap
mak isteyince, ube bakam: Olum askere
gitmek iin FOR GO doktora almandan
(forgo) GNLL O LA R A K VAZGE
MEK zorundasn diye aklamada bulunur.
I'm not forgoing the chance of a free ticket.
He quit his job.
He reiinguished his daim to the land.
He renounced his daim to the property
She forsook her principles and begged
money from a friend.
i gave up smoking ver ten years ago.
The bad weather forced them to abandon
their search.
After two days, the hijackers surrendered
to the polie.
229
230
388- aggravate (iig'm eyt) : ktletirmek

aggravate = deteriorate. \vorsen,
decline. waste arvay, go t seed. rot
aggravate x improve : dzelttlmek
Ahmet'in takt KRAVAT' beenmeyen ar
kada: "AAA KRAVATa bak! Grnn
(aggravate) KTLETRMEK iin neden
bu kadar uratn diye alay eder.
The lack of rain aggravated the already
serious shortage of food.
Relations between the two countries have
detetiorated sharply in recent weeks.
The situation/crisis has vvorsened.
His health has declined since he came
here.
Their bodies wasted away during the
famine.
The old man went to seed after he lost his
job.
Too much television rots your brain.
Lets hope the vveather improves before
Monday
389- alliance (lay'ns) : anlama
alliance = treaty, agreement, pact,
deal, consensus, contract
alliance x disagreement : anlamazlk
Son tartmadan sonra barmak isteyen koca
s gzel bir ALYANS yzk alnca, kadn:
"ALYANS ile (alliance) ANLAMA istedii
besbelli" dire dstiniir
The two countries entered into a defensive alliance.
I sold the nouse by private treaty.
Eventually ali the parties signed the agree
ment.
We made a pact that we vvould alvvays be
friends.
t was a profitable deal for everyone.
Can we reach a consensus on this issue?
According to the contract you have to
work 37 hours a week
I am in total disagreement with you ver
this.

390- sound (saund) : akla yatkn, makul
sound = reasonabie, sensible, \vise,
prudent, rational, iogical, reliable
sound x unreasonable : mantksz; ar
Mzik yapmcs bir arkc adaynn sesini
dinler ve yardmcsna: SOUND (ses) (so
und) AKLA YATKIN, MAKUL llerde
Bir deneme kaseti yapn. Sonra bakarz" der.
That is very sound advice; you should
take it.
t is reasonabie to expect that prices will
come down soon,
t vvould be sensible to take an umbrella.
He made a wise decision to take no notice
of that stupid dare.
Prudent people alvvays lock up their houses when they go out.
VVould you deeribe this as rational behaviour?
t seemed a ogical idea to everyone but
my mother.
She may forget to come-shes not very
reliable.
Its unreasonable to expect me to work ali
night.
391- spouse (spauz) : e
spouse = husband, \vife, partner,
mate, friend, pal, companion
Yeni tanan aileler birbirlerinden pek holan
mazlar. Her biri dierinin E iin: "Bir E
var ki SIRF POZ! (spouse) Bylede E olmaz
ki!" diye sylenir.
n 65% of the households surveyed both
spouses went out to work.
Have you met her husband?
He introduced me to his vvife.
The Office party is on Monday, but part
nere aren't invited.
Yamur is a real mate.
My friend and 1 spend our spare time
together.
Good pals do things for each other.
I like to go fell-vvalking vvith a companion.
231
232
392- acclain (kleynT) : vmek, alklamak

acclaim = praise, clap, honour, cleer.
applaud, hail
acclain x denounce : sulamak
Konser baarl geince, orkestra efi yapt
konumada: "Dinleyicilerin sizi VMESN.
ALKILAMASINI istiyorsanz, baarlarn
za bir yenisi EKLEYN (acclaim) der.
The new drug has been acclaimed as the
most important discovery for years.
The doctor praised him for his courage.
They clapped the clovvn after he had performed some clever tricks.
The King honoured the great scientist by
making him a knight.
We cheered the vvinner as he crossed the
finishing iine.
The audience applauded the boy at the
end of his song.
Critics hailed it as the best new play of the
decade.
He was denounced as a traior.
393- identical (aydentkl) : zde, ayn
identical = indistinguishable, same,
duplicate, similar, akin, alike.
corresponding
identical x difTerenet : farkl
AYDIN adl bir aratrmac niversitedeki
gruptan ayr olarak almak isteyince, bir arka
da: "AYDIN TAKIL bize (identical) AYNI
konuda alyoruz. Hem daha yararl olur" der.
This is the identical motel we stayed at
last year.
The tvvin brothers are almost indistin
guishable
My father sits in the same chair every
evening.
If you have lost your key I can give you a
duplicate.
Ali and Hakan drew similar pictures.
Emus are akin to ostriches.
The brothers' faces are very alike.
She told a corresponding story to that of
her friend.
This is a different car from the one I drove
yesterday.

394- cuntribute (kmtrbyut) : katkda
bulunmak
contribute = supply. support, donate,
furnish, provide, give, bestovv
contribute x uithhold : kstlamak,
vermemek
Bir lkeye neden COUNTRY BUT adnn ve
rildii sorulduunda, lkenin bakan: nk
bu lezzetli tavuk BUTlar COUNTRY BUTa
maddi adan (contribute) KATKIDA BU
LUNDU" diye yant verir.
Various factors contributed to her downfall.
The factory supplied a uniform to each of
its vvorker.
Her father suppotted her until she got
married.
We donated some money to the Red Cross.
This shop furnishes everything that is
needed for camping.
The course is free but you have to provide
your own books.
We like to give presents at Christmas time.
Several gifts were bestowed on the royal
visitors.
I vvithheld payment until they had fulfilled
the contract.
395- render (rendr): karlk olarak
vermek: gstermek; vermek;
evirmek
render = give, present, submit; shovv,
exhibit; translate, interpret
render x retain : alkoymak
Corafya retmeni bir renciye Almanya'da
ki en byk nehrin adm sorduunda, renci
bir an duraklar ve: Acaba RENdir desem?
(render) soruya KARILIK OLARAK Ren'i
VERSEM sanrm doru olur" diye dnr.
You will be expected to render an account
of money that is owed.
I gave those socks to my father.
The vvinners were presented vvith medals.
You must submit your application before
June 1 st.
She never shows her feelings.
She has exhibited her paintings in stanbul.
Poery doesn't alvvays translate easily.
I dont speak Spanish; will you interpret for
me?
She tried to retain her self-control.
IHlHli
234
396- dull (d.\l) : kaln kafal: duygusuz;

skc
dull = stupid, senseless, boring,
callous, tedious. monotonous
dull x sensitive : duygulu
Einden boanan kadna, bir arkada: "Niye
ayrlp DUL kaldn?" diye sorunca, kadn:
"DUL kaldm. nk kocam (dull) DUYGU
SUZ biriydi" der.
Life is pretty dull here at home.
VVhose stupid idea was it to travel at
night?
The plan she suggested was senseless.
This book is so boring that I dont think l'll
finish it.
His cruel and callous comments about the
murder made me shiver.
The hero often rrakes tedious speeches
about being well- behaved.
A postman's job must be a monotonous
one.
Don't be so sensitive - I vvasnt criticizing
you.
397- stereotype (steriytayp) : basmakalp
sz (rnek)
stereotype = banality, cliche,
platitude, comnonplace
Gen bir air aday yazd iirlerini STERO
TEYP'e doldurup iir eletirmenine dinletir
Eletirmen: "Senin iir diye STERO
TEYP'e doldurduklarn (stereotype) BAS
MAKALIP SZlerden ibaret. Bunlar her
kes yazar der.
The characters in the film are just stereotypes, with no individuality,
The film is predictable, full of banalities
and tediously dull.
You should alvvays try to avoid the use of
cliche.
His speech was full of platitudes about the
importance of family values.
t is a commonplace that it alvvays rains in
Trabzon.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurcusa! Szlk

398- fortnight (frt'nayt) : on be gn.
iki hafta
fortnight = t\vo vveeks
FORT Otomotiv Sanayinin 100. yldnm
kutlamalar iin yaplan toplantda konuan
James Fort JR: ' Tan bir FORT NIGHT
(FORT gecesi) olsun. Tam ON BE GN var.
Ona gre hazrlann" diye talimat verir.
T be in zmir during the second fortnight
of May.
Ali BAYLKEN is taking his usual fortnight
(=two vveeks holiday) in August.
He borrowed it two weeks ago.
399- fortheoning (frth'kAming) : gelecek
forttconing = future, prospective,
inpending, soon, inminent
forthcoming x previous : nceki
James FORT JR hazrlklar denetlemeye GE
LECEN syleyince, kutlamalardan sorum
lu mdr, alanlara syle der: Aman FORT
COMNG "(forthcoming) ford GELECEK ek
sik bir ey olmasn."
We've just received the Information about

the forthcoming meeting.
Sometimes I worry about the future.
We've looking forward to our prospective
holiday.
Our departure was delayed by the
impending arrival of another plane.
T be seeing you very soon.
There's a storm imminent.
Training is provided, so no previous experience is reguired for the job.
235
Kelime Ezberleten Kursusa] Szlk
236
400- proprietor (prpray'tr) : mal sahibi

proprietor = landlady, owner,
landlord, landovner
PR taksitle ald evin senedini yatrmay
unutunca, kars:'""PR PARAYI YATIR
(proprietor) MAL SAHB olmak sorumluluk
ister" der,
I have vvritten a complaint to he proprietor
of the yacht.
My landlady keeps complaining about the
noise.
Are you a dog owner?
The landlord promised to redecorate the
bedrooms before we moved in, but he stili
hasnt done it.
Local people are protesting against farmers and landovvners who block public footpaths.
Z5------------------------
mete out
haul
heed
hectic
deride
dismal
ample
evade
ferocity
muse
ameliorate
forgo
aggravate
i ------------------------
lp vermek, taksim
etmek (ceza vs.)
ekmek, ekerek
tamak
dinlemek; nemsemek
heyecanl, telal; hrsl
alay etmek
neesiz; snk
bol, byk
paay kurtarmak
vahet, vahilik
dnceye dalmak
dzeltmek
gnll olarak
vazgemek
ktletirmek
alliance
sound
spouse
acclaim
identical
contribute
render
dull
stereotype
iortnight
forthcoming
proprietor
; anlama
: akla yatkn, makul
: e
: vmek, alklamak
: zde, ayn
: katkda bulunmak
: karlk olarak vermek;
gstermek; vermek,
evirmek
: kaln kafal; duygusuz;
skc
: basmakalp sz
(rnek)
: on be gn, iki hafta
: gelecek
i mat sahibi
.....................................J
237

1) We need a judge who will ...... ....justice with a firm hand.
a) forgo
c) haul
d) deride
e) evade
b) mete out
2) This morning there w a s ......... . trading on the Stock Exchange.
a) hectic
b) dull
c) stupid
d) cheerful
f) unhappy
He
w
a
s
..........
for
rraking
such
a
stupid
suggestion.
3)
d) derided
e) evaded
a) hauled down b) contributed c) forgone
4) S h e ..........her pursuers by hiding in a cave..
a) forvvent
b) contributed c) evaded
d) rendered
e) acclaimed
5) The new drug has bee n ......... , as the most important discovery for years.
a) acclaimed
b) forgone
c) rendered
d) derided
e) hauled down
m
have
t
o
......
.... the pleasure/ODportunity of seeing you this week
6)
a) mete out
b) forgo
c) contribute
d) evade
e) deride
7) The lack of rain .......... the already serious shortage of food.
a) forvvent
b) evaded
c) rendered
d) acclaimed e) aggravated
8) Foreign aid is badly needed to .......... the effects of the draught.
a) aggravate
b) muse
d) forgo
e) acclaim
c) ameliorate
9) I began t o ...... ...about/on the possibility of starting my own business.
d) render
a) mete out
b) muse
c) acclaim
e) aggravate
10) Various factors .......... to her downfall.
e) derided
a) contributed b) rendered
c) evaded
d) forvvent

1) We need a judge who wi!l mete out justice with a firm hand.
a) haul
b) evade
c) render
d) muse
e) distribute
2) If you meditate on a problem you can find a solution o it,
a) muse
b) haul
c) distribute
d) evade
e) ameliorate
3) I want to improve my handwriting.
a) haul
b) ameliorate c) quit
d) deteriorate e) muse
4) Relations between the two countries have deteriorated sharply in recent
weeks.
a) mused
b) aggravated c) evaded
d) distributed e) rendered
5) He guit his job,
a) forvvent
b) deteriorated c) acclaimed
d) evaded
e) mused
6) The factory supplied a uniform to each of its vvorker.
d) praised
e) supported
a) denounced b) mused
c) evaded
7) The doctor praised him for his courage..
a) distributed
b) quit
c) forment
d) acclaimed e) aggravated
8) He relinguished his daim to the land.
a) praised
b) forvvent
c) mused
d) aggravated e) irnproved
9)
They eluded the polie by fleeing to the USA.

a) praised
b) quit
c) evaded
d) mused
e) improved
10) Shell probably sneer at my new shoes because they arent leather.
a) tease
b) quit
c) muse
d) improve
e) ameliorate

1) He distributed gifts to the children.
a) vvithheld
b) allocated
c) pufehed
d) teased
e) eluded
2) How did he manage to dodge paying the fine?

a) withhold
b) push
c) face
d) elude
e) tease
3) Foreign aid is badly needed to ameliorate the effect of the draught..
a) face
b) deteriorate c) withho!d
d) tease
e) evade
4) t is reasonable to expect that prices will come down soon.
a) ample
b) sound
c) dull
d) unreasonable e) identical
5) The future looks pretty dimaj.
a) cheerful
b) dull
c) identical
d) ample
e) gloomy
6) Youll have ample opportunity to ask questions after the meeting.

a) dull
b) identical
c) tiny
d) gloomy
e) cheerful
7) The doctor praised him for his courage.
a) eluded
b) denounced c) acclaimed
d) faced
e) vvithheld
8) The lack of rain aggravated the already serious shortage of food.
a) denounced b) eluded
c) faced
d) vvithheld
e) improved
9) J. Page was derided for making such a stupid suggestion.
a) respected
b) withheld
c) denounced d) mocked
e) eluded
10)
The children shared the toys.

a) mocked
b) withheld
c) respected
d) eluded
e) praised

proprietor,
identical,
pessimisiic,
haulded down,
fussy,
substantial,
spouses,
stereotypes.
fortnight
forthcoming
1) The manager turned out to be a ...........litle man

2) T h e y ........................the enemy's flag when they captured the city.
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
He w a s ...........about our chances of being rescued.

The union is calling for a ...........pay increase this year.
n 60% of the households surveyed b o th ...........went out to work.
This is t h e ...........motel we stayed at last year.
The characters in the film are ju s t..........., with no individuality.
We will be in stanbul during the s e c o n d ...........of June

9)
10)
239
We've just received the Information abou t h e ......... meeting.

ve vvritten a complaint to th e ..........of the yacht.

1) She received a letter o f ...........from the hotel. (confirm)
2) We've veceived an ........... report of an explosion outside the Presidents
house.. (confirm)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
His laest book is a ...........of his previous one. (continue)

The train service w a s .......... because it wasn't used by many people.. (continue)
After four hours ...........typing l had a terrible headache. (continue)
I couldnt get much work done as I w a s ...........being interrupted by people
telephoning me. (continue)
They praised her for h e r ............. (honest)
I ...........think that this is the best thing to do. (honest)
t was v e ry ...........of him to steal the money. (honest)
Have you got some kind o f ......... on you? (indentify)
240
401- essence (es'ns) : asl, z
essence = core. basis, nucleus, centre,
substance, principle
Piyasaya yeni srlen "Diorella" adl ESANS'n
tantm yaplrken. "ESANSm (essence I Zii
meneke ve ard ieklerinden olumaktadr"
denilir.
The essence of his lecture was the assertion that the justice system is unfair.
This is really the core of the problem.
There is no scientific basis for these
claims.
The drummer was the nucleus of the new
rock band.
There are many shops in the centre of the
City.
The rumours are compleiely vvithout sub
stance.
This course teaches the principles of
cooking.
402- plausible (pl'zbl) : akla uygun; itimat
uyandran
plausible = reasonable, feasible,
believable, credible, suund, sensible
plausible x unsound : geersiz
Srekli POZ yapan ve havasndan geilmeyen
bayan elemann iten karmay dnen pat
ron. bir an iin: "POZU BOL ama (plausible)
AKLA UYGUN ve TMAT UYANDIRAN
biri. Ne yapayn POZU da BOL olsun!" diye
aklndan bir hesaplama yapar
Your explanation sounds plausible, but
l'm not sure 1believe it.
We live a reasonable distance avvay from
the station.
Your plan sounds quite feasible.
Your story is strange but believable.
They havent produced any credible policies for improving the situation.
The advice is very sound; he should take it.
She is very sensible about rroney.
Ive alvvays been convinced that the
judgement of most film critics is unsound.

403- gender (cendr) : cinsiyet
gender = sex. neuter, feminine,
masculine
Biyoloji retmeni, rencilerine: "CNS
YET belirleyen faktrlerden biri nedir?" diye
sorduunda, iki renci ayn anda yant verir:
CNSYET belirlemede en nemli faktrler
den biri GEN DR (gender)".
There are now various tests vvhich can
show the gender of a baby long before it
is born.
n some societies, gender roles are very
fixed.
What sex is your bird?
VVorker bees are neuter.
Actress" is the feminine form of actor.
She has a deep masculine voice.
404- lavish (lav') : bol, pek ok; savurgan
lavish = abundant, plentiful, profuse;
extravagant, uneconomical,
vvastefu!
lavish x scant : az, yetersiz
Patlama sonras ETNA Yanardann verdii
zararla ilgili olarak hazrlanan raporda: "Bu
olay LAVn (lavish) evreye PEK OK
zarar vermitir." denilir
The lavish production makes the musical
truly memorable.
The country has abundant supplies of oil.
Strawberries are plentiful in the summer.
She was admitted to St. Helen's Hospital
with profuse bleeding.
Real cream! Tha was extravagant of you.
Hill farming is an uneconomical way of
producing crops.
This method of cooking is wasteful and
expensive.
There is stili scant evidence of an improvement in business and consumer confidence.
241
242
405- dash (dii) : hzla komak

dash = rush, run, race, sprit. hasten.
hurrv, dart
dash x amble : avare avare gezinmek
Kou iin alma yapan bir atlet: 'Eer aya
mn ucuyla topra hafif DEersem Belki
(dash) HIZLI KOARIM" diye dnr..
He dashed across he Street,
Doctors and medical supplies were
rushed to the scene of the accident.
Dont rush into marriage; you might regret
it later.
I had to run to catch the bus.
She raced for the bus.
The runners sprinted down the finishing
straigh,
The strike hastened the downfall of the
government.
Dont hurry me; lm working as fast as I
can!
The fish darted under the rock.
He ambled nonchalantly ver the phone.
406- proximity (praksmti) : yaknlk
proximity = nearness, eloseness, vicinity
proximit x distance : uzaklk
Be ay iin alman SMTler az gelir. Evin
kk olu, yeenlerinden nce SMTleri
alp kendisi yemek isteyince: annesi onu uya
rarak: "Olum BIRAK SMD (pro.vimity)!
Bu ite YAKINLIK bir ie yaramaz. Payna
raz ol! der.
The house is in close proximity to the
shops and the station.
One of the reasons 1 bought my house
was its nearness to he office where I
work.
I sensed the eloseness of another person
in the room.
He vvanted a cheap hotel in the vicinity of
the station.
1 noticed a certain distance between
father and son.

407- tender (ten'dr) : duyarl, sevecen;
yumuak
tender = delieate, fragile. kind,
hutnane, Feeble, gentle
tender x tough ; kat, sert
Karanlk odada annesini arayan kk ocuk,
sonunda annesine dokunduunu sanarak; "Bu
annemin TENDR (tender) YUMUAK.
DUYARLI oluundan belli" diye dnr.
Dont mentior his divorce - it is a very ten
der subject.
Be careful vvith those glasses - they are
very delieate.
This old glass dish is very fragile.
Shes very kind to animals,
Many of us are vvorking for a more humane
and civilized society.
The opposition to the plan has been
rather feeble.
He has a gentle smile and a soft voice.
Only tough breeds of sheep can live in the
mountains.
408- slortcoming (ort'k.Vnng) ; kusur,
kabahat
slortcoming = falt. nistake, error,
sp, blunder, gaffe, boo-boo
slortcoming x perfect : kusursuz
Londra'da bir giyim maazasna giden bir
mteri, daha nce Apari ettii ORTlurm
hl gelmediini renir. Tezgahtar: "ORTS
are coming tomorrov" diye yant verir. Sonra
da: "(slortcoming) KSUR. KABAHAT
bende. Keke dn ortlar depodan getirtseydin" diye zlr.
Like any political system. it has its shortcomings.
Profits are down and the faul is / lies in
bad management.
I made three mistakes in my spelling.
i saw my error and corrected it.
I made a slip in adding up the bili.
What a blunder to teli you the wrong day!
His first gaffe was asking my mother her
age.
He made a boo-boo when he decided to
try to trick her.
Her teeth are perfect.
243
244
409- topic (tap'k) : konu

topic = subject, theme, matter, issue,
question, point, business, tling,
aspect
Bir TOPU subay askerleri eitirken: "TOP
LK dndnz (topic) KONU olursa, ite
o zaman isabetli atlar yaparsnz" der.
His favourite topic of conversation is Italian
food.
She wrote a book on the subject of sailing.
The subject of the painting is the Battle of
VVaterloo.
Ali his novels deal with the theme of love.
The first item on the agenda today is the
matter of public transportation,
Abortion is stili a highly controversial issue.
The governmenris examining the energy
question closely.
Make a list of the main points in the article.
Is there any other business before we
close the meeting?
The first thing we have to discuss is next
years timetable.
The book deals with the economic, social,
and religious aspects of Egyptian society.
410- prim (prim) : fazla resmi, ok ciddi
prim = formal, official, ceremonial,
denure, priggish. poper
prim x easy-going : uysal.
Samimi olduu arkadann son gnlerde
FAZLA RESM davrandm farkeden Ali:
"FAZLA RESM olmak (primi sana hi bir
PRM salamaz!" diye kr
There was a prim avoidance of the issue.
They decided to have a formal wedding.
We made an official request for a pedestrian Crossing outside our school.
The King attended the ceremonial opening of parliament.
She gave him a demure smile.
He is a very priggish young man.
That short dress isnt really proper for
wearing to a funeral.
You are lucky to have such easy-going
parents.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurcusal Szlk

411- expound (kspaund) : aklamak
expound = explain, clarify, elucidate.
describe. eniighten, set out, teli
expound x mystify : artmak
Arkada, yeni elbiseni kaa aldn0 diye so
runca, Sir John: X POUND'da aldm diye
rek. gya (expond) AIKLAMA YAPAR."
Aye expounded for some hours on her
theories about Central America,
I will explain it to you later.
Will you clarify that statement?
He fully elucidated this point later in his
speech.
Try to describe exactly how it happened.
We are not familiar with this procedure.
Could you eniighten us?
She set out the reasons for her resignation in a confidental letter to her boss.
She told me how the machine vvorked.
I'm quite mystified - where can it be?
412- frantic (frantk) : lgn
frantic = mad, insane, crazy,
maniaca!, dotty, nutty
frantic x sane : akll
FANATK taraftarlarn birbirleriyle tarttk
larn gren yal bir dede: FANATKler
(frantic) ILGIN olmal. Alt taraf bir lig ma
diye sylenir.
Exams alvvays drive me frantic - I get so
nervous.
He vvent mad in his young age.
She lives in a fome for insane people
He has lived alone for so long that he has
become crazy,
I was scared because his face had a
maniacal look.
I think she is a bit dotty.
I'm going to visit my nutty old aunt.
He has been certified sane.
245
246
413- persevere (prsn r') : sebat etmek,

srar etnek
perserere = persist, eontine.
carry on. stad. llrn. maintain
persevere x i n e r : lereddl etmek,
kararsz olmak
Odasna izdii ekilden o lu nu n u y k olduu
nu anlayan anne: 1ILK SK\ Tik (persevere)
SEBAT ETMES lazm Sergi kolay bir ey
deildir diye dnr,
If you persevere with the work, youll succeed in the end.
Must you persist in misunderstanding
me?
The fighting continued for a week.
Carry on with your work.
She can't stand her sons wife.
Stock market prices have firmed.
Throughout the trail he maintained his
innocence
He vvavered betvveen accepting or refusing.
414- (peneh (knen) : tatmin etmek;
bastrmak, sndrmek
quench = slake, satisfy; suppress,
pell; extinguish, put out
penel x annoy : rahatsz etmek
Kl\ AN snfn iyi dereceyle geince, anne
si: "Bu gzel notlarla KIVAN beni (quench)
T \TMN etti. ok mutluyum" der.
Her thirst for knovvledge will never be
quenched
I don't think Kerem will ever manage to
slake his lust fer povver.
My test results satisfied my parents.
Opposition to the government was quickly
suppressed.
The army quelled the rebelion in June,
arresting dozens of the participants
Nothing could extinguish his love for her.
She put out the light.
t annoyed me to think how much time we
had vvasted.
Kejime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlk

415- square vvith (skvver vvith) : uygun
gelmek, uyumak
square vvith = reconcile vvith, agree,
concur, assent, make a deal,
go with, go along vvith,
reach agreement
square with x disagree : anlaamamak
Geometrik bulmaca zen renciler son bo
lua hangi ekli yerletireceklerine karar vere
meyince, retmenleri: "KARE LE deneyin..
0 bolua KARE (square vvith) UYGUN GE
LR" diyerek yardm eder.
His actions do not square vvith his principles.
The reason lm disappointed is that the
results do not square vvith the promises I
was given.
How do you reconcile your principles vvith
your behaviour, vvhich is exactly opposite?
1 agreed to his plan.
I concur vvith her decision
The council members assented to the
suggestion to build a new school.
Perihan suggested going for a picnic and
we ali agreed.
The government made a deal vvith the kidnappers to free their hostages.
We considered ali the options and decided to go vvith Cemal's original proposal.
Convincing others to go along vvith nevv
ideas is always difficult.
After a vveek of talks, Turkey and Greece
reached agreement on fishing limits.
I disagree vvith her on most political
issues.
247
248
416- climax (klav'mks) : zirveye

eri(tir)mek, doruk, zirve
climax = peak, top, summit, pinacle,
apex, crest
climax x nadir : dip
MAXin daa trmanmaktan vazgetiini an
layan arkada, ona cesaret vermek iin yle
der: "CLIMB MAX! (climax) ZRVE biraz
te de. Gayret et!"
The battle approached a climax.
Holiday fiights reach a peak during August.
He climbed to the top of Mt Everest in 2001.
We reached the summit of the hill after a
steep climb.
No one has ever climbed that treacherous
rocky pinnacle.
O n ly o n e tre e g re w o n th e a p e x o f th e m o u n ta in .
There is a beautiful view from the crest of

the hill.
The defeat was the nadir of Nadir's career.
417- tease (tiz) : alay etmek
tease = mock, deride, sneer at, jeer at,
ridicule, taunt
TZ sesli bir kii evresindekilerle ALAY ET
MEYE kalknca, arkadalarndan biri: "U
TZ sesinle (tease) insanlarla ALAY ETMEK
mi istiyorsun?" diye sitem eder,
it isn't fair to tease her about her spots.
The other children mocked her.
He used to deride her efforts at dravving.
Dont sneer at their reiigion
The team was playing dreadfully, and the
crovvd jeered at them.
Ali ridiculed Velis attempt to row the boat.
The teacher taunted the little boy for not
running faster.

418- embellish (mbel) : sslemek
embellish = adorn, decorate, garnish,
beautify, ornam ent, deck
embellish x disfgure : irkinletirmek
BELMAmn doum gn iin hazrlk yapan
annesi, kznn st kattaki arkadana gittiini
hatrlaynca, kapy ap: BELMA! Aaya
N BEL (embellish)! Seni SSLEMEK "isti
yorum" diye seslenir.
The ceiling was embeished with flowers
and leaves.
The bride's hair was adorned with pearls
and red roses.
Are you going tc decorate the Office for
Christmas?
Before serving the salad, add a little parsley to garnish it.
I'm jusi going to beautify myseif-it should
only take a few hours.
Kerem ornamented his letters with little
dravvings in the margin.
The room was decked with flowers.
This part of the old town has been disfigured by ugly new buiidings.
419- hijack (haycak) : uak karmak;
kuvvet zoru ile almak
hijack = commandeer, steal, seize,
kidnap, abduct, mug, carry off
hijack x free : serbest brakmak
JACK adl arkadann UAK KAIRMAK
istediini anlayan bir yolcu: HI JACK (hi
jack) yine mi UAK KAIRACAKSIN? Bu
iten bkmadn m? diye alay eder.
A Pan Am aircraft was hijacked on its way
to zmir.
The soldiers commandeered his truck.
I left my bike outside and someone stole it.
The rebels seized the soldiers earlier this
week and have been holding them as
hostages.
He was kidnapped by terrorists.
The company director was abducted from
his car by terrorists.
The old man was mugged in broad daylight.
The thieves carried off the farmers sheep
during the night.
Her retirement from politics will free her to
vvrite her memories.
249
2 5 0
420- devastate (dev'steyt) : harap etmek,

yok etmek
devastate = destroy, demolish,
eradicate, annihilate, vvipe out,
exterminate
devastate x build : inaa etmek
Uluslararas tarih kongresinde sunulan bir bil
diride yle denilir: "Osmanl mparatorluu
bir zamanlar DEVASA bir STATEdi. Ama
bu DEVASA STATEi (devastate) YOK ET
MEK iin btn dnya birleti."
devasa: "bytik" anlamnda kullanlmtr.
We vvere devastated by the announcement.
Bombina destroyed the centre of Betlin in
1945.
The vvorkman demolished the old house
We want to eradicate etime in large cities.
They annihilated the enemys army.
The hailstorm wiped our my garden.
We exterminated the cockroaches in the
kitehen.
He built a model ship for me.
421 - fortifv (fr tfay) : kuvvetlendirmek,
takviye etmek
fortifv = strengthen, reinforce, prop up,
urge, encourage, brace
fortifv x vveaken : zayflamak,
zayflatmak
Snrdaki askerleri silah ynnden KUVVET
LENDRMEK. TAKVYE ETMEK (fortifv
iin FORTY-FIVE 45lik tabancalar datld
The town was fortified at the time ot the
Crusades.
I fortified myself with a drink and sandvvich
before driving on.
The bank loan has greatiy strergthened
our financial position.
Extra soldiers vvere sent to reinforce the
army.
They vvorked harder in order to prop up
the failing business.
She urged her son to try again
He encouraged me to apply for the job
He braced the ceiling with long pieces of
wood.
The illness vveakened her heart
Kelime Ezberleten Kurausal Sz

422- moderate (nad'rt) : lml, orta
moderate = reasotablc. modest.
restrained. iddle ol the road.
tenperate. average
moderate x e.vtreme : ar
Babasn muayene eden doktor u neride bu
lunur: "Baba sen en iyisi havas II JMLI olan
MADRD e git (moderate) ILIMI.1 klm sa
lna iyi gelir.""
We put a moderate price on the goods at
our school fete and sold everyhing
We made a reasonable profil at the
garage sale.
Our parents boughi a modest home for us
to live in.
There was polite, but restrained applause
for the amateur singer.
Her opinions in politics are middle of the
road.
Britain lies in the earth's northern temperate zone.
We don't want Eienstein. just someone of
average ability.
You should take extreme are ver your
childs education.
423-vandal (vin'dl) : uhsi
\andal = fierce. ild, l'urios.
ferocious. \ iolent. vicios
vandai x gentle : kibar, nazik
VANDAL'larn eski dnemlerde kuzeyden
gelip, Avrupa lkelerine VAH saldrlar
yaptn hatrlaynz
The seat-covers on the train had been
ripped by vandals.
VVild cats are much liercer than domestic
ones
t is a wi!d night tonight
A furious storm darnaged crops ver a
wide area of land
The overseer dealt out ferocious punishment to the slaves under his control
The violent earthquake klled many peopie
and wrecked ali the buddngs in tho ety
He gave the dog a vcous blov. .vth his
stick
Be gentle when you brush U : oaby s hair
2 5 1
424- get no\vhere (get no'hver) : baarsz

olmak
get novvhere = fail, fail through.
eollapse, fizzle out, miscarry,
founder
get novvhere x succeed : baarmak
Numara almadan yarmaya katlan bir spor
cuyu gren dikkatli hakem, hemen yardmc
sn bozuk ivesiyle uyarp: "GET NO VER
yoksa (get novvhere) BAARISIZ ALACAK"
der.
get no ver: "git numara ver" anlamnda kulla
nlmtr.
If we go on talking ali around the subjec,
we shall get novvhere.
He failed in his maths test because he
could only ansvver a couple of questions.
Their plans fell through because ihey hadnt prepared well enough.
The company collapsed in its first year of
trading.
The idea fizzled out even though everyone was enthusiastic to start vvith.
The terrorists plan miscarried when the
bomb exploded too soon.
Like the Titanic, his great plans foundered
after a short vvhile.
If the business succeeds, she'll be a very
wealthy vvoman.
253
425- fetch (f'e) : alp getirmek

fetch = bring, get. collect,
deliver, carry, convey, escort
ifti, karsnn odadan ayrldn grnce:
"Nereye gidiyon?" diye barr. Kars: "HEE (fetch) ocuu ALIP GETRECEM"
der
Could you fetch me my book from the
other room, please?
Bring that glass to me, vvould you?
Dinner is ready-can you go and get Frat?
She has to collect the children from
school at 5 oclock.
The postman delivers the mail every day.
The ship carried its cargo across the sea.
A bus conveyed the passengers from the
airport into town.
The queen was escorted by the directors
as she toured the factory.
------------------------essence
plausible
gender
lavish
dash
proxim ity
tender
shortcom ing
topic
prim
expound
frantic
| persevere
quench
\ ------
asl, z
akla uygun; itimat
uyandran
cinsiyet
bol, pek ok; savurgan
hzla komak
yaknlk
duyarl, sevecen;
yumuak
kusur, kabahat
konu
fazla resmi, ok ciddi
aklamak
lgn
sebat etmek, srar
etmek
tatmin etmekbastrmak, sndrmek
clim ax
square with
tease
em bellish
hijack
devastate
fortify
m oderate
vandal
get nowhere
fetch
----zirveye eri(tir)mek,
doruk, zirve
:
uygun gelmek,
uyumak
|
alay etmek
sslemek
uak karmak; kuvvet
zoru ile almak
harap etmek, yok
etmek
kuvvetlendirmek,
takviye etmek
lml, orta
vahi
baarsz olmak
I
alp getirmek
-.. J
254
Find the right word alm as (401-425)

1)
T h e ............. o f h is le c tu re w a s th e a s s e rtio n th a t th e ju s tic e s y s te m is u n fa ir.

b) d is ta n c e
a) v ic in ity
2)
a) g e n d e r
3)
c) p ro x irn ity
b) p ro x im ity
c) e s s e n c e
d ) to p ic
b) m y s tify
c) d a s h
d ) a m b ie
4)
if y o u ............. w ith th e w o rk , y o u ll s u c c e e d in th e e n d .
5)
W e w e r e ........... .. b y th e a n n o u n c e m e n t.
a) q u e n c h
b) te a s e
a) e m b e llis h e d
b) fo rtifie d
e) fo rtify
d ) p e rs e v e re d
e) d e v a s ta te d
d) d a sh e d
e ) e m b e llis h e d
c) d a sh
d ) e m b e llis h
e) q u e n c h
c) g e n d e r
d ) c lim a x
e ) d is ta n c e
c) te a s e d
H e r th irs t fo r k n o w le d g e vvill n e v e r b e ................

a) h ija c k e d
b) g u e n c h e d
c) p e rs e v e re d
t is n t fa ir to ... ......... h e r a b o u t h e r s p o ts .
8)
T h e b a ttle a p p ro a c h e d a .......
a) te a s e
a) to p ic
b ) p e rs e v e r e
b) p ro x im ity
A P a n A m a ir c ra ft w a s ............ . o n its w a y to B o s to n .
a) g u e n c h e d
10)
e) p e rs e v e r e
d ) e m b e llis h
c) p e rs e v e r e
7)
9)
e) s u b je c t
H is a c tio n s d o n o t ..................... ........w ith h is p rin c ip le s .

a) s q u a re w ith
6)
e) g e n d e r
d) e sse n ce
T h e h o u s e is in c l o s e ............. to th e s h o p s a n d th e s ta tio n .
b) h ija c k e d
c) d is fg u re d
d )s u c c e e d e d
e) d a s h e d
if w e g o o n ta lk in g a li a ro u n d th e s u b je c t, w e s h a i l .......................
a) q u e n c h
b ) e m b e llis h
c ) g e t n o v v h e re
e) h ija c k
d) d a s h

1) C o u ld y o u fe tc h m e m y b o o k fro m th e o th e r ro o rn , p le a s e ?
a) b rin g
b ) g e t n o w h e re
c) d e v a s ta te
d) w e a ke n
e) s q u a re w ith
d ) fo rtifie d
e) e m b e llis h e d
d) g e n d e r
e) c lim a x
2 ) B o m b in g d e tro y e d th e c e n tre o f B e rlin in 1 9 4 5 .

a) h ija c k e d
3)
b) p ro x im ity
c) e s s e n c e
H is fa v o u r ite to p jc o f c o n v e rs a tio n is Ita lia n fo o d .

a) c lim a x
5)
c ) d e m o lis h e d
H o lid a y fiig h ts re a c h a p e a k d u rin g A u g u s t.

a) to p ic
4)
b) te a s e d
b) s u b je c t
c) g e n d e r
a) e x p o u n d
b) s q u a re w ith
c) h ija c k
6 ) If w e g o o n ta lk in g a li a ro u n d th e s u b je c t, w e s h a il
a) e x p o u n d
7)
e) p ro x im ity
d ) n a d ir
I vvill e x p [a in it to y o u la te r.
b) fe tc h
c) fa il
d ) d e v a s ta te
e) fe tc h
g e t n o w h e re
d ) s q u a re w ith e ) te a s e
T h e c e ilin g w a s e m b e llis h e d w ith flo w e rs a n d le a v e s

a) fa ile d
b) te a s e d
c) h ija c k e d
d ) d e m o lis h e d e) a d o rn e d
8 ) A P a n a m a irc ra ft vvas h ija c k e d o n its w a y to A n k a ra

a) c o m m a n d e e r e d
9)
He
b) a d o rn e d
c) te a s e d
d) g u e n c h e d
d) p c s e v e r e d
d ) p e rs e v e re d
e) d e m o lis h e d
dashed across the Street,
a) g u e n c le d
b) ru s h e d
c) e x p o u n d e d
2 5 5
10) The reason l'm disappointed is that the results do no g_uare_wi|h the promises I was given.
a) rush
b) guench
c) reconcile
d) mystify
e) demolish

1) He fully elucidated this point later in his speech.
a) mystified
b) ambled
c) wavered
d) derided
e) hijacked
2) This part of the old town has been disfigured by ugiy new buildings.
a) ambied
b) mystified
c) embellished d) wavered
e) derided
3) The soldiers commandeered his truck.
d) mystified
e) adorned
a) derided
b) hijacked
c) freed
He
built
a
model
ship
for
me.
4)
e) fortified
a) freed
b) devastated c) adorned
d) vvavered
5) I fortified myself with a drink and sandvvich before driving on,
e) brought
a) vveakened
b) eradicated c) built
d) hijacked
6 ) If you go on talking ali around the subject, we shai I get novvhere.
7)
8)
9)
10)
a) continue
b) slake
c) succeed
d)
Must vou oersist in misunderstanding me?
b) hijack
c) build
d)
a) persevere
Mv test results satisfied my parents.
a) annoyed
b) vvavered
c) fetch
d)
I had to run to cath the bus.
a) vvaver
b) amble
c) fetch
d)
Exams alvvays drive me frantic - I qet so nervous.
a) lavish
b) vandal
c) mad
d)
fail
e) bring
vvaver
e) fetch
devastate
e) embellish
sguare with e) demolish

extreme
e) sane
Bring,
lavish,
gender,
vandals,
tender,
insane,
prim,
plausible,
moderate
shortcomings
1) Your explanation so u n d s ..........., but l'm not sure I believe it.

2) n some societies,...........roles are very fixed
3) The meal, he said, would be nothing fancy, but the portions vvould be
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Don't mention his divorce____ it's a v e ry ............ subject,

Like any political system, it has i t s ..... .......
There was a ...........avoidance of the issue.
She lives in a home f o r ...........people.
We put a ...........grice on the goods at o ur school fete and scld ever/hing.
The seal-covers on the train had been ripped by ,
that glass to me, vvould you?
2 5 6

1) Mr. ner will be wih y o u ............. (short)
2)
3)
4)
5)
I had t o ...........my speech as we had started late. (short)

There is a ...........of carrots because of the bad weather. (short)
Shes a to p ...........vvorking on our space project. (Science)
There's n o ...........explanation for what happened. (sciuce)
6) The connection has not been ........... proved yet. (scierce)

7) He couldnt give a ...........explanation for his actions. (satisfy)
8) l get n o ...........from doing this. (satisfy)
9) lm afraid I was v e ry ...........with the travel arrangements. (satisfy)
10) If he isnt Spainsh, w h a t......... is he? (nation)

426-condemn (kndem5) : knamak,
ayplamak; sulu karmak
condemn = blame, fault, criticize;
charge vvith, accuse of, impeach
condemn x exculpate : temize
karmak
ay falna bakan ingene falc, mterinin ge
tirdii ay DEMsiz diye beenmeyerek: Bi
raz daha KOY DEM! Eer bardakta bir ey
gremezsem (condemn) beni sakn KINAMA,
AYIPLAMA!" der,
Most people would condemn violence of
any ort.
Well don blame me if you miss he bus!
They couldn't fault his vvonderful singing.
The decision was sharply criticized by
businessmen nationwide,
She has been charged with murder.
Are you accusing me of lying?
The PM was impeached for wrongful use
of State money.
The pilot of the aircraft will surely be
exculpated when al! the facts are knovvr.
427- svveep (svvip) : sprmek
sweep = clean, vvash, clear, tidy,
cleanse, \vipe
svveep x pollute : kirletmek
Kz bayram temizliine vardm etmeyince, si
nirlenen anne: "SLP (svveep) SPRMEK
bu kadar m zor?" diye sylenir,I*
1found a broom to sweep the fioor with.
I cleaned my shoes.
He vvashed his face and hands before dinner.
She cleared the table and started the
washing-up.
There will be no television until youve
tidied your room.
We cleanse our skin every night,
She wiped her tears away with the back of
her hand
The river has been polluted by waste
products from the factory.
2 5 1
2 5 8
428- anticipate (iintsTpeyt) : nceden

tahinin etmek
anticipate = foresee, prophesy, expect.
predict, bargain for, dirine
ngilizce retmeni szck tretme teknikleri
hakknda bilgi verirken konu bir ara ANT! adl
prcfx'e (nek) gelince, retmen: "ngilizce
ANT S PEK bol bir lisandr, (anticipate) keli
menin bu sekiivie ne anlama geldiini ONCEDEN TAHMN ETMEK deneyim ster" der.
The army anticipated the explosion by
evacuating the town.
I can foresee trouble as Mum looks very
cross to me.
He ptophesied a huge flood after the
cyclone.
He warned the sailors that a heavy storm
was expected.
He tried to predict which party would win
the election.
We didn't bargain for the crowd at the picnic ground.
The gypsy iooked into her crystall bali to
divine my future.
429- impeach (impib : sulamak, itham
etmek
impeach = indict, accuse of, charge
vith, denounce, censure, blame,
put/lay the blame on
impeach x vindicate : hakkm korumak
Kendisini EFTAL zanneden akl hastasnn
dama ktsn gren doktoru: "Hemen aa
ya N P EA C H T( im pe ach) Seni SULAMAK
niyetinde deilim" der
peacl: eftali
The PM was impeached for vvrongful use
of State money.
The company was indicted for making
excessive profit.
Are you accsing me of lying?
She has charged with murder.
Her former colieauges have denounced
her as a spy.
The teacher was censured for negligence.
You alvvays blame someone else when
things go wrong.
After their separation he laid/put the
blame on his wife.
The report of the committee of enquiry
completely vindicates him.
Kelime Ezberleten Kursu.sal Szlk

430- congest (kncest) : toplamak, ymak
congest : crowd, overcrowd, fiil, jam,
pack, stuff
congest x scatter : datmak
JESS adl ahini ile avlanan bir kii. JESSi
uzun sre yere konmadm fark edince, kua
seslenip: "Hadi artk yere KON JESS (con
gest) daha bir sr malzemeyi TOPLAMAK
zorundayz" diye barr,
VVeekerds the automobiles congest ali
the roads near the city.
As soon as he appeared, reporters crovvded round.
The room was overcrowded and it was
difficult to breathe.
Protesters filled the square.
The crowds jammed the streets, and no
cars could pass.
The club is really popular. By 9 oclock it's
packed,
Don't stuff anything else in, or the bag will
burst.
The soldiers came in and scattered the
crowd.
259
2 6 0
431- crucial (k rul) : hayati

erucial = vital, essential, necessary.
basic, idispensable. primary,
important, momentmi
crucial x trivial : nemsiz
nlii bir sanayici yle der: Eitime harcad
n paradan asla kanman. Ama i hayatm
da harcadm bir KURUUN (crucial) HA
YAT nemi vardr.
t is crucial that the problem is tackled
immediately,
Trust is a vital element/component in any
elose relationship.
Flour is an essential ingrident in bread
VVater is necessary for life.
The government regards housing as a
basic need
Thio guide book is indispensable for the
traveller to Southern Italy.
The primary purpose of his visit is to
improve trading relations
t is important for people to learn to read.
VVhether or not to move overseas was a
momentous decision for the family
1dont know why he gets so upset about
something that is utterly trivial

432- slv (slay> : kurnaz
siy = artful, cunning, crafty, vvilv,
devious, foxy, dishonest
siy x artless : saf
Kocasnn ektii SLAYTlar ok beenen ka
dn: "SLAYTlar bu kadar gzel ekmek senin
gibi (siy) KURNAZ birinin yapabilecei bir
eydir" diye eini tebrik eder.
You are siy one! Why didn't you teli us you
were going to get married?
Kerem is very artful and usually succeeds
in geting what he vvants.
Here is a cunning plan to make them think
weve gne avvay.
The hare was amazed that the crafty tortoise beat him.
The wily fox escaped the hunters by
svrimming downstream.
He used devious means to gain povver.
Watch out! He is a very foxy businessman.
I cant teli them that - it vvould be dishonest.
He is an artless man who vvould never
dream of thinking to mislead anyone.
433- elaborately (ilabTrtli) : dikkatle
elaborately = carefully, painstaKngly,
meticulously, cautiously, gingerly,
attentivelv
elaborately x carelessly : dikkatsizce
Evdeki sigorta atnca. ELA ve BORA adl ift
telleri deitirmek ister. Bu srada kzn anne
si: -ELA, BORA TEL (elaborately) DK
KATLE deitirin" diye onlar uyarr.
t vvas the most elaborately decorated study.
He drives his car very carefully.
He painstakingly explained how the aircraft vvorked.
She finished her work meticulously..
Cautiously, she moved closer to the edge
of the cliff.
Gingerly, he picked up the dead rat by its
tail.
He vvas listening attentively to a senior
colleague,
I found your gloves vvhich you had care
lessly dropped outside.
261
2 6 2
434- upright (Aprayt) : doru

upright = sincere, trutful,
honourable, honest, fair
upright x dishonest : sahtekr
ngilizce retmeni snfa sorduu bir soruda.
DORU edat ister renciler hepbir az
dan: U P ' diye barr. retmen de: "UP
RIGHT (upright) "UP" DORU yant" diye
karlk verir.
Stand upright when you are being spoken
to!
That policeman is an upright man vvhom
we ali respect.
His sincere compliment pleased me.
I don't doubt her story as she is always
truthful.
I believe what you say because you are
an honourable person.
If you are alvvays honest, people wi!l know
they can trust you.
You must be fair to both sides
He has been dishonest in his dealings
with us / about his past._______________
435- compel (kmpeF) : zorlamak
compel = coerce, force, drive, oblige,
urge, bully, necessiate
compel x coax : gnln yapmak
Genlerbirlii'ni oyuncusu COMPELA ba
ka bir kulpte oynamay reddedince, kulp
bakan: "C'OMPELa inatdr (compel)
ZORLAMAK bir ie varamaz" der
He didn't want to visit her but conscience
compelled him (to).
The defendant claimed he had been
coerced into making a confession
The thief forced them to hand ver he
money.
He always drives himself hard to get his
work tinished on time
I felt obliged to leave after such an unpleasant quarrel.
They urged us to give our support.
She bullied us into agreeing with her.
Lack of money necessiated a change of
plan
Perhaps you could coax your father into
taking you to the station.

436- leak (lik) : szmak, sznt
leak = teli, expose, disclose, spill the
beans, gire away, divulge
leak x conceal : gizlemek
Bozulan musluktan gelen LK, LK sesini
duyan evsahibi: "Ancak bir tesisat (leak) SIZINTIy halledebilir" der.
Water was leaking from the pipe.
He leaked the names to the press.
Don't teli anyone about this.
The story he told me exposed many family secrets.
He then disclosed the history of the castle.
Does Ziya know about out plan? Yes,
someone must have spilled the beans."
The thief gave his companion avvay to the
polie hoping to escape punishment.
The other three companies refused to
divulge their plans.
I concealed my feelings from my wife.
437- mob (mab) : ylmak
mob = crowd, gather, converge, mass,
congregate, collect, assemble, raily
mob x break up : dalmak; datmak
Ekonomik durgunluk nedeniyle MOB petrol
drketi benzin istasyonlarn kapatnca, iiler
(mob) YIILARAK olay tartrlar.
Reporters rnobbed the minister as he left
the building.
They ali crovvded into the cinema.
By the time the president arrived a large
crowd had gathered
The two armies converged on the enemy
Capital.
Troops are massing ali along the frontier.
A huge ctowd congregated to see the tirevvorks
A crowd of people collected to vvatch the
procession
We assembled in the playground before
going on the excursion
The people rallied behind their ieader.
The polie broke up the fight.
263
264
438- deed (did) : i, fiil, hareket

deed = action, act, feat, move,
achievement, exploit
Kendisine verilen yanl yapan ii, aksini
iddia edince, patron: You DD (sen yaptn)!
(deed) Bu yanl senin eserin diye kzar.
Who could have done such a vvicked
deed?
But for your prompt action 1 might have
drovvned.
This despicable act vvill not go unpunished.
t was a quite feat to move that piano by
yourself!
Saving his energy for the end of the race
was a clever move.
Learning to ride a horse at the age of six
was a great achievement.
They told fascinating tales of their exploits
in the jungle.
43 9 -springboard (sprngbrd) : balang
noktas
springboard = starting point
BAHAR gelip beden dersleri bahede yapl
maya balannca, renciler zerinden atladk
lar tahtaya BAHAR TAHTASI (SPING BOARD) adn verirler. Bunu duyan beden ret
meni: "BAHAR TAHTASI (spring board) bu
dersin BALANGI NOKTASPdr der.
The firms director is confident that the
new project vvill act as a sprinboard for
further contracts.
The starting point of the discussion is a
recognition of the nature of inflation.

440- superstition (suprstn) : bo inan
superstition = fallacy, illusion, delusion
BO NAN nedeniyle Avustralya Yerlileri
trene binmeyince, sorumlu bakan: "SPER
bir STASYON yaptk. SPER STATON
Ama (superstition) BO NAN yine galip
geldi diye arr.
According to superstition if you wa!k
under a ladder it birings you bad luck.
The idea that a good night's sleep will
cure everything is a complete fallacy.
She thought he loved her but it was just
an illusion.
I was stili under the delusion that everyone was trying to cheat me.
4 4 1 -insomnia (nsamniy) : uykusuzluk
insomnia = sleeplessness,
vvakefulness, restlessness
Misafirin eski SOMY''A da yattn gren ev
sahibi: "Hemen N O SOMYAdan (insom
nia)! Gece UYKUSUZLUK ekersin diye
uyanda bulunur.
He went to the doctor because he was
suffering from insomnia.
She has been suffering from sleepless
ness since her husbands death.
The music shook me into vvakefulness.
They are shovving some signs of restless
ness.
265
2 6 6
442- massive (masv) : ar, iri (yapl)

massive = heavy. enormous, huge,
colossal, gigantic
massive x tiny : kk
Kuvvet ve cesaret tanrlarndan MASS, HERKL'LE yapt kl yarmasn kaybedince,
olaya ahit olan tanrlarn kral Zeus: 'MASS
(massive) ok AIRsm R YAPILI olman
yarmay kazanmaya yetmedi der.
The huge tractor pulled a massive load of
logs wiih ease.
Without a massive invesment, the firm will
collapse.
The piano was so heavy that three men
had to move ii for us.
t was an enormous house with more
rooms than I had ever seen
We couldnt even see the top of the huge
mountain.
There was a colossal pile of dishes to
wash up after the party.
The gigantic man towered ver everyone
else.
The Antarctic is a vast region of ice and
snow.
She has immense respect for him as a
wher.
Her handvvriting is so tiny, you can barely
read it.

44 3 -corrigible (kr'cbl) : dzeltilebilir
corrigible = remediable, curable,
treatable, adaptable, flexible,
changeable
corrigible x incorrigible : akllanmaz,
adam olmaz
Mangal kontrol eden bir ev hanm: Daha
atein KORU var. KORU CIBIL CIBIL parl
yor. Biraz kmr konulsa, ate (corrigible)
DZELTLEBLR. Yeniden mangal yakma
ma gerek kalmaz diye dnr.
Your mislakes are unimportan so they
are corrigible.
Turkeys economic problems are remedi
able.
Many illnesses vvhich nce killed are
today curable.
Infant blindness can be treatable later in life.
Im sure shell cope vvith the changes very
well; shes very adaptable.
We can visit you on Saturday or Sunday,
our plans are fairly flexible.
Im a changeable ort of person.
Hes an incorrigible liar/rogue, but he has
great charm.
444- voluntary (vaPnteri) : gnll,
serbest, hr
voluntary = vvilling, spontaneous,
free, intentional
voluntary x compulsory : zorunlu
iddetli frtna nedeniyle kopan elektrik teli ya
l bir kadnn bahe duvarna der. Kadncaz
komularna seslenip: "VVALLUN TELni (du
varn telini) (voluntary) GNLL olarak du
vardan indirecek bir var m? diye yardm ister.
He made a voluntary statement to the
polie.
My nephevv is a vvilling helper
Her vvitticisms seemed spontaneous, but
were in fact carefully prepared befotehand.
You are free to go anyvvhere you wish.
His exclusion from the meeting was quite
intentional.
Some things are compulsory by law, such
as vvearing seat belts in cars.
267
268
445- cripple (kripl) : bozmak; sakat etmek

cripple = paralyse, damage, ruin,
vvreck, sabotage, enfeeble
cripple x invigorate : canlandrmak,
______________ kuvvetlendirmek_________
The new tax increases have crippled

small businesses.
Damage to the sciatic nerve paralysed his
left leg.
He damaged the car when he backed into
the tree.
The hail stor m ruined the harvest.
She wrecked the radio when she dropped
it in the vvater.
The spy sabotaged the enemy planes.
The country was enfeebled by war,
drought and disease.
We were invigorated by our walk.
446- condole (kmdol) : ba sal dilemek
condole = commiserate, sympathize,
feel for, lament, consoie, pity,
feel sorry for
condole x rejoice : neelenmek,
____________sevinmek ,_________________
Bir Venedikli kadn yaknm kaybeder. Bir
GONDOLa binip (condole) BA SALII
DLEMEK iin yola kar.
The priest visited the family to condole
with them on the loss of their son.
When he failed his driving test I called him
up and commiserated him.
Much as I sympathize with you in your
predicament, I don't really see what I can do.
I really feel for her, with no job and three
childreen to feed.
The nation lamented the passing (=death)
of its great war leader.
I tried to consoie her with a box of chocolates.
I pity you having to live with that awful
woman.
Sometimes Gabby felt sorry for her She
seemed so lonely.
We rejoiced at/over the good news.
* UH
zledii yeni KLP houna gitmeyince, yapm

c: KLP sanki CD satlarn (cripple) BOZ
MAK iin zel hazrlanm diye kzar.
17......

447- congruous (kang' gruvvs) : uygun
congruous = suitable, appropriate, fit,
compatibie, convenient, proper, apt
congruous x incompatible : birbirine
uymayan
Avustralya'dan getirilen KANGURU iin
UYGUN bir yer aranr. Sonunda hayvanat
bahesi mdr, bir yer gstererek: te bu
ras KANGURUMUZ iin (congruos) UY
GUN bir yer der.
Your behaviour is not congruous with your
social rank.
Even though Ali has no experience he
seems to be suitable tor the job
Her remarks were considerate and very
appropriate to the situation
I don't think she is really fit for the job
Their marriage ended because they were
simply not compatibie
They met in a mutually convenient place.
That is not the proper way to stop the
machine.
John produced an apt comment which
summed up how we ali felt.
Maintaining quality is incompatible with
increasing output
448- connive (knay v') : su orta olmak
connive = conspire, plot, scheme,
intrigue, commit a crine, collude
pheli adamn evinde yaplan aramalar sra
snda karsnn antasnda bir bak KINI bu
lununca, kadncaz: Bir KIN AAY! (conni
ve) demek ki kocam benim de SU ORTAI
OLMAMI istiyor diye arr
The two students connived (with each
other) to eheat in the examination.
The criminals conspired (together) / (with
each other) to rob the Central Bank
They plotted to overthrow the government.
Ali sehemed for the downfall of ali those
who disagreed with him
She knew they were intr iguing against her
behind the locked door.
Women commit far fever crimes than men.
t was suspected that the accused had
colluded with the witnesses.
269
270
449- peculiar (pkvulyr) : garip, tuhaf

pecuiiar = strange, bizarre, \veird,
abnormal, odd, unusual
pecuiiar x ordinary : sradan
Geit resmi iin hazrlanan svari alayn de
netleyen komutan, atlara taklan yeni model
YULARI beenmeyerek: Bunlar PEK YULARa benzemiyor, (peculiar) GARP, TU
HAF eyler. Derhal eksikilerini takn! diye
emreder.
What a peculiar smell!
1didn't enjoy he movie because the story
was rather strange.
His multi-coloured car is bizarre.
She wore weird clothes to the party.
The heat is abnormal for this time of the
year.
Her father was rather an odd man.
I was actually on time, vvhich is unusual
for me.
I have got an ordinary ort of car, nothing
special.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurausa! Szlk
271
450- boom (bum) : hzla artmak, bymek

boom = prosper, develope, flourish,
increase, thrive, progress
boom x decline : azalmak
Savata hava saldrlarn anlatan bir sivil:
"Bombalar BUM BUM diye patlad. ehre
verdii zarar (boom) HIZLA ARTTI der.
Business is booming.
Perhaps, he'll prosper as a painter now
the initial problems seem lo be ver.
The department is developing a strategy
to fight unemployment.
Very few plants will flourish vvithout sunlight.
The population of this town has increased.
Few plants or animals thrive in the desert.
My Spanish is progressing.
The partys popularity has declined in the
opinion polis.
[ condemn
svveep
anticipate
impeach
congest
crucial
siy
elaborately
upright
compel
leak
mob
knamak, ayplamak;
sulu karmak
sprmek
nceden tahmin etmek
sulamak, itham etmek
toplamak, ymak
hayati
kurnaz
dikkatle
doru
zorlamak
szmak, sznt
ylmak
.......................................
deed
springboard
superstition
insomnia
massive
corrigible
volurtary
cripple
condole
congruous
conrive
peculiar
boom
: i, fiil, hareket
^
: balang noktas
: bo inan
: uykusuzluk
: ar, iri (yapl)
: dzeltilebilir
: gnll, serbest, hr
: bozmak; sakat etmek
: ba sal dilemek
: uygun
: su orta olmak
; garip, tuhaf
; hzla artmak, bymek
........................
.........
....... J
272

1) The PM w a s ............for wrongful use of State money.
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
a) swept
b) impeached c) mobbed
d) anticipated
Most people w ould.......... violence of any ort.
c) condemn
b) congest
d) cripple
a) mob
The priest visited the family to .......... with them on the loss of
a) condole
c) anticipate
d) impeach
b) mob
The new tax increases have .......... small businesses.
a) connived
b) impeached c) mobbed
d) crippied
Your behaviour is n o t.......... with your social rank.
d) voluntary
a) siy
b) peculiar
c) corrigible
The huge tractor pulled a ...... .... load of logs with ease.
a) massive
b) siy
c) voluntary
d) congruous
Your mistakes are unimportant so they a re .....
b) voluntary
d) peculiar
a) siy
c) corrigible
What a ........ .. smell!
a) voluntary
b) peculiar
c) congruous
d) corrigible
e) crippied
e) svveep
their son.
e) condemn
e) anticipated
e) congruous
e) peculiar
e) massive
e) siy
9) According t o ...........if you walk under a ladder it brings you bad luck.
a) superstition b) springboard c) insomnia d) leak
e) deed
10) Who could have done such a vvicked...........?
a) insomnia
b) springboard c) superstition d) deed
e) leak

1) He didn't want to visit her but conscience ompejjed him.
a) coerced
b) impeached c) connived
d) anticipated e) swept
2) VVell dont blame me if you miss the bus!
a) boom
b) condole
c) condemn
d) connive
e) coerce
3) The two students connived (with each other) to cheat in the examination.
a) impeached b) conspired
c) anticipated
d) swept
e) crippied
4) I found a broom to sweep the floor with.
a) conspire
b) compel
c) impeach
d) coerce
e) clean
5) The army anticipated the explosion by evacuating the town.
a) foresavv
b) coerced
c) svvept
d) conspired
e) impeached
6) Weekends the automobiles congest ali the roads near the city.
a) sweep
b) conspire
c) crovvd
d) compel
e) boom
7) I didnt enjoy the movie because the story was rather strange.
a) peculiar
b) congruous c) corrigible
d) voluntary
e) upright
8) That policeman is an upright man whom we ali respect.
a) corrigible
b) voluntary
c) congruous
d) honest
e) peculiar
9) t is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately.
a) rivial
b) vital
c) siy
d) honest
e) voluntary

10)
273
You are ly one! Why didn't you teli us you were going to get married?
a) crucial
b) upright
c) honest
d) vital
e) artful

1) t was the most elaborately decorated study.
a) carefully
b) gingerly
c) meticulously d) carelessly
2) The deferdant claimed that he had been coerced into making
a) conspired
b) coaxed
c) impeached
d) foreseen
3) Most people would condemn violence of any ort.
a) exculpate
b) coax
c) foresee
d) conspire
4) I found a broom to sweep the floor with.
a) blame
b) pollute
c) excu!pate
d) conspire
5) He leaked the names to the press..
a) exculpated
b) polluted
c) scattered
d) mobbed
6) The crowds jammed the streets, and no cars could pass.
a) foresavv
b) polluted
c) scattered
d) concealed
7) Trust is a vital component in any close relationship.
a) compulsory
b) corrigible c) upright
d) trivial
8) I made a voluntarv statement to the polie..
a) compulsory
b) upright
c) congruous
d) corrigible
9) The company was indicted for making excessive profit.
a) polluted
b) scattered c) mobbed
d) vindicated
10) We couldnt even see the top of the huge mountain..
a) compulsory
b) tiny
c) congruous
d) upright
e) slyly
a confession.
e) blamed
e) connive
e) coax
e) concealed
e) mobbed
e) congruous
e) trivial
e) coaxed
e) corrigible

vindicates,
appropriate,
fallacy,
action,
springboard, painstakingly,
insomnia,
gathered,
leaked
prosper
1) He went to the doctor because he was suffering fro m .............

2) The idea that a good nights sleep will cure everything is a com plete.............
3) The firms director is confident that the new project will act as a ...........for further contracts.
4) But for your p ro m t...........I might have drovvned.
5)
6)
7)
8)
H e ...........explained how the aircraft vvorked.

H e ...........the names to the press.
By the time the president arrived a large crovvd h a d .............
Her remarks were considerate and v e ry ...........to the situation.
9) Perhaps, hel l ...........as a painter now the initial problems seem to be ver.
10) The report of the committee of enguiry cornpletely......... him.
274
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
They were caught in a n ...........shovver of rain.. (expect)

The roads w e re ...........because of the snow.. (pass)
The earthquake ca u se d ...........damage. (extend)
She took the job to b e ...........independent, (finance)
He died u n d e r........... circumstances. (suspect)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
We can look forward to a period o f ............. (prosper)

lrr afraid I ra th e r...........agreed to help. (wise)
She spent hours getting the fo u s e .... ......clean. (spot)
If I were you, I vvouldn't make a ...........just yet. (decide)
Its ...........of motorists to drink and drive. (response)
11) If you have any s p e cia l..........., please let me know. (reguire)

451- pension (penn) : emekli ayl
pension = allovvance, benefit, annuity
Ald EMEKL AYLII ile geim zorluu

eken Ahmet Bey, bu yzden ucuz bir PANSYONda kalmaktadr. inden: Eer bu
ucuz PANSYON da olmasayd, aldm
(pension) EMEKL AYLII bana yetmezdi
diye dnr.
She went to the bank to draw (=collect)
her pension.
Some students have an allovvance from
their parents.
There are several benefits you can daim
if you're unemployed.
She receives a small annuity.
45 2 -yeli (yel) : haykrmak
yeli = shout, scream, beilovv, roar,
crv out
yeli x vvhisper : fsldamak
iddetli esen rzgara ramen kar tepedeki

arkadana HAYKIRAN bir ocuu gren o
ban: Olum YEL aksi ynde eserken (yeli)
HAYKIRMAKla sesini duyuramazsn! Bou
na HAYKIRMA der.
Don't yeli at me like that!
There is no need to shout; lm not deaf.
I screamed tor help.
The sergeant bellowed at the troops when
they disobeyed his orders.
The man roared with rage.
She cried out for help.
I vvhispered the message to her.
275
276
453- orbit (orbit) : yrnge, ember; bir

yrngede dn(dr)mek
orbit = revolve, circle
R BT ekerlerinin, yaplan baarl promasyonlarla satlar bir YRNGEye oturur. Pi

yasada %30'luk pay ekle eder.
The satellite orbits the Earth every 48
hours.
The Earth revolves on its own axis nce
every 24 hours.
She has a large circle of friends.
The teacher circled the pupils- spelling
mistakes in red ink.
454- disciaim (dskleyn'l : kabul etmemek,
reddetmek
disciaim = reject. repudiate, refuse,
tura dovvn, renounce.
rebut, decline
disciaim x confess : dorulamak,
teyit etmek
Bir KLM tarihi eser diye turiste satmak is

terler Turist: "TH1S KLM'i satn almay
(disciaim) REDDEDYORUM. KABUL ETMYORUM" diye itiraz eder,_____________
Mozart disclaimed ali responsibility tor the
mistake.
I was rejected for the army because ot my
bad eyesight.
He repudiated ali offers of friendship
He asked her to marry him but she
refused
The local council turned dovvn the plan for
the new motorvvay.
The old man renounced his legal right to
the money.
She rebuffed ali his attempts to be friendiyHe declined my invitation to the party.
I have to confess I didnt believe her at
first.

455- devote (dvot) : adamak
devote = dedicate. consecrate, pledge,
commit
devote x vvithhold : kstlamak.
yermemek, kendine saklamak
PVOT olarak CHCAGO BliLLS'a transfer
olan MRSAD KANITRK, antremanlar ak
satnca. antranr: "yi bir PVOT olmak de
mek. bu spora kendini (devote) ADAMAK
demektir. Dikkatli ol! diye onu uyarr
He has devoted his life to helping blind
people.
The doctor dedicated his life/himself to
finding a cure.
He consecrated his life to helping the poor.
Weve pledged ourselves to fight for justice.
If you want to be a doctor you have to
really commit yourself to it.
He had withheld vial information from the
polie.
456-cautious (ks) : tedbirli, dikkatli

cautious = careful, \vary, \vatchful,
prudent, scrupulous, meticulous
cautious x careless : dikkatsiz
Hizmetinin kapda bir dilenci ile konutuu
nu gren evsahibi: "KOV UNU KIZ (cau
tious). biraz DKKATL. TEDBRL ol"! diye
onu uyarr.
I have alvvays been very cautious about
giving my address and phone number.
A careful driver never causes accidents.
I was wary of the barking dog before I
realised he was friendly.
I was tescued by the watchful lifesaver
His wife was a prudent manager of
money.
The investigation was carried out with
scrupulous fairness.
This beautiful jewellery is the work of a
meticulous craftsman.
t was careless of you to lose the documents.
277
278
457- lanent dment) : matem (tutmak)

lament = mourn, grieve, pne atvay.
bemoan, bewail, sorro\v
lament x rejoice : sevinmek
Kardeini kaybeden bir kadnn, LAME elbi

sesini giyip, her gece davetlerde boy gster
mesi zerine bir yakn: LAME elbise giyip
gezeceine len kardeinin (lament) MATE
MN TUTSA ya! diye ona kzar.
Madam Sirnson is stili lamenting the
death of his husband,
t vvould be irdecent to question her vvhile
shes stili mouring her son,
She was stili grieving for her son.
She has been pining away since her pet
dog died.
He bemoaned his bitter fade.
Frequently they bevrail the ingratitude of
their children.
For years she sorrowed (=felt great sadness) ver for missing son
They ali rejoiced to hear the happy news.
458- come by (kAm b,ay) : elde etmek,
edinme*.
come by = gain, obtaln, get, procure,
acquire
come by x lose : kaybetmek
Gerekli Kann bulunamamas zerine, ameli

yat yapacak olan doktor, ngiliz hastann ba
basn arrken yle der: Piease COME ne
re BAY! acilen (come by) kan EDNMEK zo
rundayz!"
How did you come by that beautiful picture?
He has gained support among young voters in the recent elections.
How was this information obtained?
I got full marks in my maths exam.
I managed to procure two tickets for the
final.
The museum has recently acquired several paintings by Dali.
If you don't label your luggage clearly you
may lose it.

459- eradicate (irdkeyt) : yok etmek
eradicate = destroy, vvreck, devastate,
demolish, vvipe out, externinate
eradicate x restore : restore etmek
KATE adl bir kii yine aslsz bir ihbar yapn

ca. polis memuru: Yine ARADI KATE gya,
ehirdeki en yksek binay (eradicate) YOK
ETMEK isteyenler varm der.
Poverty is proving hard to eradicate.
The earthquake destroyed much of the
city.
The power station was vvrecked by a huge
gas expiosion.
Flood and disease devastated the harvest.
When the old house demolished, a cave
was discovered beneath it.
The heavy storm wiped out our house.
I exterminated the cockroaches in the
kitchen.
She restores old paintings at the museum.
460- supersede (suprsid) : yerine gemek
supersede = supplant, replace,
succeed, take the piace of,
stand in for, deputize
Emre. Interde kaptan olarak oynamak isteyin

ce, antranr: Yetenein SPER SEDE, kap
tann (supersede) YERNE GEMEK iin da
ha ok deneyimsizsin der.
Iron began to supersede bronze for tool
making about 3000 years ago.
There were rumours that Ahmet vvanted to
supplant George as leader of the party.
The factory repiaced most of its vvorkers
with robots.
When the queen dies, her eldest son wil!
succeed to the throne.
Nothing really takes the place of pre cotton.
I will stand in for you vvhile you have lunch.
My boss had to go to the Caribbean unexpectedly and asked me to deputize.
279
280
461- mercenary (mrsneri) : para

gzeten, karc
mercenary = selfish, think of nobody
but yourself, self-centred,
avaricious, spoilt, inconsiderate,
possessive
mercenary x generous : cmert
Bir iadam geen hafta verdii davette, srf

paradan konuan adamn ismini merak edince;
bir arkada: Kolunda MOR SNR vard,
(mercenary) IKARCI birine benziyordu"
der.
t was purely mercenary considerations
hat made me accept the job.
Ali she ever thinks about is herself and
her own selfish interests.
My husband thinks of no one but himself,
Hes going out with his friends on my
brithday.
He was too self-centred to notice how
unhappy Ruth was.
The employees of the avaricious tycoon
were over-worked and under-paid.
Spoilt children aren't usually popular.
t was inconsiderate of him to slam the
door when the baby was asleep.
Dont be so possessive! Let the others
play with the kitten too.
We are grateful for your generous offer.

462* precise (prisays) : tam. keskin,
ok dikkatli
precise = exact, accurate, clear,
defnite, spot-on, explicit
precise x ambiguous : belirsiz
Youn kar ya nedeniyle geceyi ilk grd
berbat bir otelde geirmek zorunda olan bir
tccar: Bari PRES AZ bir oda bulsam, (pre
cise) OK DKKATL olmalym. nk ok
eski bir otel der.
The precise cost of the project is almost
impossible to estimate.
The exact amount of tax you pay depends
on the size of your family.
t that an accurate copy of the original?
The instructions on the pocket weren
very clear.
1 found the definite instructions you gave
me very helpful.
Your cartoon of the Prime Minister is spot-on.
I gave you explicit instructions not to tamper with the Controls.
The situation is very ambiguous. I really
don't know what to do.
463- grip (grip) : sk tutma(k), kavramak;

etkilemek
grip = lold, grasp, clutch, clasp.
cling to
grip x release : serbest brakmak
Hastay muayene eden doktor: GRP olmu
sun i (grip) SIKI TUTMAK lazm. Grip
ciddi bir hastalktr" der.
He gripped my wrist and pulled me back.
Hold the baby a minute, vvould you?
I grasped the railing to stop myself falling.
She clutched her father's hand as they
crossed the busy Street.
He clasped his teddy bear tightly and
vvouldnt let me hold it.
The frightened little boy clung to his father's
hand.
They agreed to release him after his father
paid the ransom.
281
282
464- stiff (stf) : zor, etin; ar: resmi; sert

stiff = hard, diffcult, firm, tough.
rigid, solid
stiff x mp : yumuak
Yal adam satn ald odunun kmrle S

TFLENMES (dizilmesi) iin hammala az
para teklif edince, hammal: STF (stiff) iin
en ZOR taraf diye itiraz eder.
I think that rapists should be given a stiff
prison sentence.
English is a hard language to speak really
well.
t is a diffcult question to answer.
I like to sleep on a firm mattress.
The meat was so tough it felt like rubber.
The kite is made of soft material attached
to a rigid frame.
Children's bicycles sometimes have solid
rubber tyres.
The government does not want to be seen
as having a limp response to terrorism
465- hasty (hevsti) : acele, abuk; aceleci;
dncesiz
lasty = quick, speedy, rapid, swift;
reckless, thoughtless,
inconsiderate
hasty x cautious : tedbirli
HASTA olunun kar topu oynadn gren

annesi: Olum HASTA olduunu unutma
Kar topu oynamak iin (hasty) bu ACELE ni
ye? DNCESZ davranyorsun diye kzar.
He vvarned against making hasty decisions.
I think perhaps we were a little hasty in
judging him.
I had to make a quick decision.
Speedy replacement of faulty component
is guarenteed.
Having read the message, I came to rapid
decision.
My critical remarks brough a svvift reaction from Kerem.
He was charged with reckless driving.
Ho,w could you be so thoughtless tovvards
Mr. ner?
t was very inconsiderate of him.
I'm a very cautious driver.

466- lame (ievm) : sakat; eksik, kusurlu
lame = disabled, crippled; feeble,
\veak, inadequate, insufficient
lame x strong : kuvvetli
Gzellik yarmasnda birinci olan gen kzn

bir tek LAME elbisesi olduunu gren yar
ma komitesi bakam: Bir tek LAME elbise
kurallara gre (lame) EKSK ve KUSURLU
bir durum" diye itirazda bulunur.
Infection in this part of the foot can make
the horse (go) permanently lame.
My lame excuse was that I had too much
else to do.
The accident left him severely disabled.
She has been crippled ever since the car
accident.
The old Champion becarne so feeble that
he had to use a vvalking stick.
The illness left her almost too weak to stand.
The food vvas inadequate for ten people.
The food vvas insufficient for our needs.
He lifted her up in his strong arms.
467- incident (nsdnt) : olay, hadise
incident = event, occurence,
occassion, happening, thing,
phenomenon
NC ve Ayla'y tartrken gren Necla:

"Acaba OLAY kim balatt? Herhalde OLAY
NC DEN kaynaklanmtr, (incident) HAD
SE karmakta stne yoktur" diye dnr.
The spy scandal caused a diplomatic inci
dent.
The programme revievvs the most important events of 1998.
This ort of incident is an everyday
occurence.
The opening ceremony of the 1996
Olympiad was a memorable occassion.
The happenings of the last two days had
left me feeling dazed.
A funny thing happened to me on the way
to work this morning.
Scientists have studied this phenomenon
for years
283
284
468- tenacitv (tnas'ti) : direnme,

' a/.geneme
lenacity = persistence, stubborness,
obstinacy, insistence. endurance
stanbul'a yaplan youn gler nedeniyle,

Anadolu'daki bir ehire. nfusu ok azald
iin "TENHA CITY" ad \ erilir. Ancak, baz
lar "TENHA CITY" de kalmak iin (tenacity)
DRENAlLye devam ederler.
I don't like the man, but I admire his tenac
ity.
She managed it by persistence and ambition.
His stubborness was well known to ali the
nurses.
She was infuriated by his obstinacy.
At the director's insistence the new product vvas kept secret.
They admired the troops tor their courage
and endurance.
469- grant (grant) : vermek; balamak:
kabul etmek
grant : donate, support. give avvav.
nake a donation, give,
subcribe to
nl sinema oyuncusu GARY GRANT in

tm servetini yardm kurularna (grant) VER
DN. BAILADIINI hayal edin.
At last my vvish vvas granted
I had to grant the iogic of his argument.
Last year he donated S 5.000.000 to cancer research
The Federal Reserve Bank intervened to
support the failling lira
She gave away ali her money to the poor
He has made several donations to charities.
He regularly give 10 % his income to
those in need
Some firms subscribe to sporting events
and good causes simply to avoid paying
tax.

470- svvift (swft) : hzl
svvift = quick, rapid, fast, speedy,
prompt, hasty
svvift x slovv : yava
Jonathan SWIFT. "GLVERin GEZLER"

adl eserini 2 ayda tamamlaynca, edebiyat
eletirmenleri: "SWIFT ne kadar (ssvift) HIZ
LI hayret dorusu!" diye arrlar.
My critical remarks brought a svvift reaction from Reyhan
We offer our customers a quick, reliable
service.
Our armed forces are capable of a rapid
response to any aggression.
She is a fast runner.
Even though her work speedy she didn
make one mistake.
A majr disaster was prevented by the
prompt acion of the safety officer.
He soon regretted his hasty decision to
get married.
The trains were slow and crovvded and
the journey was awful.
471- frankly (frangkli) : aka, dobra dobra
frankly = lonestlv, directly,
truthfully, fairly, sincerely, candidly
frankly x deceitfully : yalanclkla
Okula yeni tayin olan retmen. FRANK LEE

adl rencinin neden bu kadar sevildiini soruncarFRANK LEE her zaman (frankly) DOB
RA DOBRA ve AIKA konuur, ite bu ne
denlerden dolay" diye arkadalar yant verir.
I'm frankly terrified every time 1go on stage.
Honestly, it makes no difference to me
vvhere we have the vvedding.
She toid me quite directly that my work
vvasn't good enough.
Truthfully, I dont know what happened.
Im fairly sure that this is the right address.
Im sincerely grateful for ali the help you
have given me.
She answered his questions fully and
candidly.
She acted deceitfully.
285
2 8 6
472- sensuous (senuvvs) : duygusal

sensuous = emotional, sentimental,
sensitive, loving, tender, affectionate
sensuous x unemotional : duygusuz
Kabahatli ocuk, hesap vermek zere ailesinin

nne geldiinde, baba: Hanm SEN SUS!
(sensuous) DUYGUSAL davranr, ii de ber
bat edersin! diye karsn uyarr.
Sculpture is a sensuous art.
The cat stretched itself with sensuous
pleasure (ease) in the warm sun.
There were emotional scenes here today
at the funeral.
He has made a fortune from singing sen
timental songs.
He has a sensitive nature and is easily hurt.
Her loving parents alvvays tried to do the
best tor her.
The film ended with the two lovers in a
tender embrace.
The affectionate puppy kept licking my
hand.
Polie were shocked at the unemotional
way the murderer described the killings.
473- caution (kn): ikaz (etmek), uyarmak
caution = warm, alert, forevvarn,
alarm, advise, admonish, urge
Marketin meyva reyonunda, bir kadnn mal

lan zedelediini gren mdr: Hemen KO
UN (caution) u hanm KAZ EDN! diye
elemanlarn UYARIR.
Kerem's teacher cautioned him tfat the
level exam vvould be very difficult.
I vvarned him that the cliff was very dangerous.
When he realized that one engine was not
vvorking the pilot alerted air traffic control.
A polie team, forewarned of the raid, had
taken up positions inside the post Office.
The sentries alarmed the camp when they
;aw the approaching enemy.
ihe advised me not to say anything.
ue was officially admonished for vvasting
:he clubs money.
The speaker urged immediate action
against the illegal regime.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurcusa! Szlk

4 7 4 -gap (gap) : aralk; boluk; eksiklik
gap = rift, hole, chink, clef
GAP Projesi tam olarak bittiinde, GAP Bl

gesi nin su (gap) EKSKL tam olarak gi
derilmi olacak.
The gap between rich and poor is stili
widening.
How can we bridge the gap (=make the
difference smaller)?
The marriage caused a rift betvveen the
brothers and they didn't speak each other
tor ten years.
Do you think this hole in the cliff is an
entrance to a cave?
I could just slip rny fingers through the
chink in the wall.
Eagles often nest in a clef in the rocks.
287
288
475- ballot (blt) : oy vermek

ballot = vote, elect. opt for, singie out,
choose, poll
Mzikholde verilen Ballad konserlerini dinle

yen bir seyirci, arkadana: En gzel BALLAD'A (ballot) OY VER" der.
(ballad: szleri duygulu olan halk arks)
The union decided to ballot its members
on the issue.
n a democracy, ali adult citizens have the
right to vote - the people choose the government.
I elected art as my extra subject at school.
I opt tor the train because it's faster.
They singled her out for a special avvard
because of her kindness.
I had to choose betvveen getting married
and taking up a career in ballet.
With nearly ali the votes counted, Mr.
BADEMCOGLU had polled 87 % of the
vote.
------ ---------penson
yeli
o rbit
disclaim
devote
cautious
lament
come by
eradicate
supersede
mercenary
precise
grip
: emekli ayl
: haykrmak
: yrnge, ember;
bir yrngede
dn(dr)mek
: kabul etmemek,
reddetmek
: adamak
: tedbirli, dikkatli
: matem (tutmak)
; elde etmek, edinmek
: yok etmek
: yerine gemek
: para gzeten, karc
: tam, keskin, ok
dikkatli
i sk tutma(k),
s tiff
hasty
lame
incident
tenacity
grant
svvift
frankly
sensuous
caution
gap
ballot
kavramak, etkilemek
; zor, etin; ar; resmi;
sert
: acele, abuk;
aceleci; dncesiz
: sakat; eksik, kusurlu
: olay, hadise
; direnme, vaz
gememe
; vermek; balamak;
kabul etmek
; hzl
: aka, dobra dobra
: duygusal
: ikaz (etmek), uyarmak
: aralk; boluk; eksiklik
; oy vermek
......................... ........ jt
289

1) He went to the bank to draw (collect) h is .....
d) incident
e) tenacity
a) gab
b) pension
c) orbit
2) D on't.......... ; at me like that!
d) supersede e) grant
a) yeli
b) devote
c) come by
My
critical
remarks
brought
a
..........
reaction
from
Mr. Moni.
3)
e) firm
a) mercenary b) stiff
c) svvift
d) hard
4) He h a s ........... his life to helping blind people.
e) devoted
d) balloted
c) lamented
a) disclaimed b) yelled
5) How did you .......... that beautiful picture?
a) ballot
b) lament
c) devote
d) come by
e) yeli
..........
bronze
for
tool
making
about
3000
years
ago.
Iron
began
to
6)
b) supersede c) grip
d) come by
e) lament
a) grant
7) H e .......... my wris and puiled me back.
d) balloted
e) devoted
b) came by
c) lamented
a) gripped
8) The spy scandal caused a dipiomatic............
d) tenacity
e) orbit
a) pension
b) gab
c) incident
I
dont
like
the
man,
but
I
admire
h
is
............
9)
d) incident
e) tenacity.
a) gab
b) pension
c) orbit
10) Kerem's teacher.......... him that the level exam vvould be very difficult.
e) came by
b) superseded c) balloted
d) lamented
a) cautioned

1) He has gained support among young voters in ihe recent elections..
e) devoted
a) superseded b) lamented
c) came by
d) yelled
2) I was rejected for the army because of my bad eyesight.
e) cautioned
a) come by
b) disclaimed c) lamented
d) granted
I
vvarned
him
that
the
cliff
was
very
dangerous.
3)
e) superseded
a) cautioned
b) rejected
c) came by
d) balloted
4) The gap betvveen rich and poor is stil! widening.
a) pension
b) orbit
c) incident
d) rift
e) tenacity
5) She managed it by persjstene and ambition.
e) occurence
a) orbit
b) pension
c) rift
d) tenacity
l
had
to
yi
an:
the
logic
of
his
argument.
6)
a) ballot
b) supersede c) warn
d) lament
e) agree
7) We offer our customers a guick, reliable service,
a) swift
b) slovv
c) cautious
d) lame
e) stiff
8 ) English is a hard language to speak really well.
a) slow
b) stiff
c) lame
d) mercenary e) precise
t
was
purely
mercenary
considerations
that
made
me accept the job.
9)
a) lame
b) selfish
c) precise
d) slovv
e) limp
290
10) The precise cost of the project is almosl impossible to estimate.

a) limp
b) slow
c) lame
d) mercenary e) exact
Antonym a l m a s (451-475)
1) Ali she ever thinks about is herself and her own selfish interests.
d) hasty
e) lame
a) cautious
b) generous
c) precise
He
vrarned
against
making
hasty
decisions
2)
d) lame
e) disabled
a) generous
b) precise
c) cautious
3) The accident left him severely disabled.

d) speedy
e) exact
a) strong
b) generous c) hasty
4) Our armed forces are capable of a rapid response to any aggression.
e) mercenary
d) selfish
a) generous
b) slow
c) hasty
5) Sculpture is a sensuous art.
d) hasty
e) unemotional
a) slow
b) lame
c) mercenary
6 ) I grasped the railing to stop myself falling.
a) released
b) balloted
c) superseded
7) They ali rejoiced to hear the happy news.

a) lamented
b) disclaimed c) dedicated
8 ) I like to sleep on a fim i mattress.
a) hard
b) slow
c) mercenary
d) came by
e) lamented
d) yelled
e) gripped
d) limp
e) ambiguous
d) limp
e) mercenary
d) rejoice
e) disclaim
9) Is that an accurate copy of the original?

a) slow
10)
b) firm
c) ambiguous
How did you come bv that beautiful picture?

a) replace
b) lose
c) mourn
Vocabuiary almas (451-475)

bellovved,
careless,
granted,
frankly,
advised,
sensuous,
Honestly,
ballot,
orbits
allowence
1) t w a s ...........of you to lose the documents.

Some students have a n ...........from their parents.
2)
3)
4)
5)
The se rg a n t...........at the troops when they disobeyed his.

The satellite ...........the Earth every 48 hours.
At last my wish w a s .............

6 ) I'm ...........terrified every time I go on stage.
7) The union decided t o ...........its members on the issue.
8 ) S h e ...........me not to say anything.
9) The cat stretched it self w ith ...........pleasure in the vvarrn sun.
10 ) .... ......, it makes no difference to me vvhere we have the vvedding.
291

1) I don't m in d ...........criticism but there's no need to be unpleasant. (construct)
2) I had may tro u se rs.......... because they were too short. (long)
3) If you lose your cheque book, you should ........... the bank withould delay.
(note)
4) t was a ...........letter addressed to the boss and the secretary shouldn't have
opened it. (confide)
5) T h e ........... ot the flight was delayed so we had to spend the night at the airport. (depart)
6) When ch ild re n ...........,their parents shouldnt become angry, (behave)
7) t i s ...........to study a language it you are never going to use it. (point)
8) Great works of art like the Mona Lisa a r e ............. (price)
9) lm afraid y o u 'v e ...........me because that's not what i meant. (understand)
10) lve been a ..........since I had a heard attack. (smoke)
292
476- lash (lii) : knamak, ayplamak;
azarlamak
lasl = criticize, attack, berate, scoid,
rebuke, censure
lash x praise : vmek
e gitmek iin giydii gmlein ykanmad
n fark eden Ali Bey: "Bu gmlek LE gibi
kirli (lash) seni KINIYORUM, AYIPLIYO
RUM" diye karsna sylenir,
The job of a restaurart critic is to lash bad
restaurateurs and complimen good ones.
The latest economic report has been criticized as being too pessimistic,
The senatr made a speech attacking
James Brown.
His mother berated hirn for making a
mess.
His mother scolded him for breaking her
favourite vase.
Her father rebuked her for frightening her
brother.
The directors were censured for their lack
of decisiveness during the crisis.
He should be praised for his honesty.
477- keen (kin) : iddetli, keskin; canl
keen = eager, enthusiastic, vvilling,
avid, anxious, ardent
keen x apathetic : duygusuz; souk
KNci olunu yola getirmeye alan annesi:
"Olum sen ne kadar DDETL! KESKN (ke
en) KNcisin! Biraz dikkatli ol! diye onu uyarr.
The competition for almost every job is
now very keen.
Many people are taking keen interest in
the result of the vote.
The company is eager o expand into new
markets.
She will be an excellent teacher, she is so
enthusiastic and lively.
He was a vvilling helper.
She was an avid reader,
She was anxious to please her mother.
He is an ardent supporter of the local football team.
She is so apathetic about everything.
475.
500. Kelimeler

478- drastic (drstk) : iddetli, zora ba
vuran: ar ve kesin
drastic = radical, violent, forceful,
intensive, severe, desperate
drastic x moderate : lml
Annesi amarlar neden hala asmadm so
rarken, DDETL bir ekilde barnca, kz:
"DUR ASTIK ite! (drastic) Byle DDET
L baracak ne var! diye sylenir,
The government have recently taken
drastic measures to control public spending.
The talks are aimed at radical reductions
in the level of vveapons,
This was a particularly violent attack.
She has a forceful personality which will
serve her well in politics.
ntensive efforts are being made to resolve
the dispute,
The bad harvests led to severe food shortages.
She is desperate for money.
He has quite moderate political opinions.
479- confess (kmfes) : itiraf etmek,
dorulamak
confess = acknovrledge, admit,
concede, reveal, betray, unburden
confess x deny : inkar etmek
Tm kantlarn aleyhine olduunu gren Dean
adl bir KONTES (confess) suunu TRAF
ETMEK zorunda kalr,
I have to confess 1didnt believe him at firsi
The terrorists refused to acknovvledge the
court.
I admitted that I had broken the window.
He had to concede that some of her suspicions had been justified.
Do you promise not to reveal my secret?
His expression betrayed how angry he really was.
I felt better after I unburdened myself and
told her what I had done.
The under secretary has strenuously
denied these allegations.
293
294
480- verdict (vr'dkt) : jri karar: karar

verdict = decision, judgement,
conclusion, opinion
DIC adl jri yesinin kararsz olmas. JR
KARARInn aklanmasn geciktirir. Ancak
jri bakan: "Hadi artk kararn VER DCK!
(verdict) JR KARARI senin yznden geci
kiyor der.
The jury returned a unanimous verdict of
(not) guilty,
VVhats your verdict on her work so far?
Oh, fairly, positive,"
The company wiii reach/corre to/make a
decision shortly.
She's the right person for the job, in our
judgement.
Only one conclusion can be dravvn from
that.
Her recent behaviour confirms my opinion
that she is not happy here.
481- uneartl (Anrtt') : meydana
karmak, kefetmek
unearth = trun up, discover, fnd,
reveal, disciose, uncover, expose
unearth x conceal : gizdemek
Doum gn pastasnn zerinden bir para
alp yiyen ocuk, daha sonra bu boluu nasl
kapatacan dnr. Sonunda: "Eksik ks
mn zerine biraz UN RTsem (serpsem)
(unearth) o zaman yenen ksm MEYDANA
IKARMAK zorlar diye dnr.
The investigators have unearthed some
new evidence about the possible cause of
the crash.
t was a painstaking search, but the polie
failed to turn up any clues.
The planet Pluto was discovered in 1930
Medical scientists are determined to find a
cure for cancer.
The investigation has revealed some serious faults in the system.
She disclosed that she had been in prison.
The polie uncovered a plot to rob this bank.
The story she told me exposed many family secrets.
She tried to conceal how she felt.

482- undo (Andu) : zmek; iptal etmek;
mahvetmek
undo = untie. release; annull, abolish;
destrov, ruin
undo x fasten : balamak
Bilgisayar renen ocuk. PTAL tuunun
hangisi olduunu merak edince, babas: O
lum numaras ODU (undo) PTAL ETMEK
iin 10 numaral tua basmak yeterli" der.
She urdid her shoelaces.
She was undorte by the news of the accident.
She urtied the laces and took her shoes off.
He released the rabbit from the trap.
Parliament annulled the law against wearing bikinis.
A law was passed to abolish slavery.
Bombing destroyed the centre of Berlin in
1944.
This wind will ruin my hairstyle.
Make sure your seat belt is securely fastened.
483- undulv (AnduTi) : bo yere; ar
derecede
unduly = excessively, overmuch,
overly, extremely, unnecessarily,
extravagantlv
unduly x moderately : az ok; lml
olarak
Arkada evresindeki ON DUL bayan d
nen bir gen kz: (unduly) BO YERE ayrld
lar" diye zlr.
There is no need to be unduly pessimistic
about the situation.
My grandpa was excessively stubborn.
I don't have overmuch confidence in
Ziya's ability to do the job.
His films have been criticzed for being
overly violent.
She was extremely beautiful.
I thought his explanation was unneces
sarily complex.
He was one of those extravagantiy
demostrative people.
t is only moderately more expensive than
the other.
295
296
484- dvvell (chvel) : oturmak, ikamet etmek

dvvell = reide, iive, settle, inhabit,
lodge, stay
dvvell x move : tanmak
D eklinde inaa edilmi dublex villay gezen
bir ngiliz ift: Villa D \VELL (iyi) inaa
edilmi (dvvell), burada OTURMAK isteriz
diye dnrler.
They dvvell in peace and harmony.
We reide in stanbul now.
He no longer iives alone but now dvvells
with his family.
I never imagined that one day ld settle in
zmir, but here I am.
The island is rnainly inhabited by sheep.
I lodge at Mrs. Smiths houes.
My mother is staying (with us) this week.
The people next door have moved away
(=gone to ive somevvhere else)
485- redeem (ridim) : bortan kurtarm ak,
rehinden kurtarm ak, vaadini
yerine getirmek
redeem = recover, repav, ransom,
rescue, fulfll, carry out, regain
redeem x surrender : teslim olmak
Bir televizyon yarmas finalinde, RTM ke
limesini bilerek byk miktarda para kazanan
yarmac: RTM (redeem) beni BORTAN
KURTARDI. Yoksa yanmtm" der.
She managed to save enough money to
redeem her jewellery from the pawn shop.
I thought it was time to redeem my promises to Jane and marry the girl.
The country is in a State of decline and very
unlikely to recover its former prosperiiy.

He had to seli his car to repay the loan
from the bank.
Her father ransomed her for a million dollars.
He rescued the man from drovvning.
The conditions of the contract must be fulfilled exactly.
They have failed to carry out their obligations.
She made an effort to regain her selfcontrol.
They would rather die than surrender.

486- err (er) : hata yapmak
err = go wrong, make a slip, trip up,
make a mistake, misjudge,
miscalculate, lead astray.
Her acemi ER (asker) (err) HATA~YAPAR.
To err is humar.
You have gne vvrong in the second line of
the sum.
We dont want to make a slip at the last
moment.
I was doing well in the exams, until I tripped
up on the last question.
We ali make mistakes, so lm not blaming
you for the accident.
Im sorry - it seems lve misjudged you.
The management has miscalculated the
union's determination to win this dispute.
I was led astray by an out-of-date map.
487* verifv (ver'fay) : onaylamak
verifv = bear out, substantiate,
confirm, prove, sho\v, support,
back up
verifv x refute : yalanlamak, delillerle
rtmek
Kuzey Anadolu FAY Hatlyla ilgili raporu in
celeyen bayan deprem uzman: Bu blge
VERY FAY (ok fayl) (verifv) bende
ONAYLIYORUM" diye gr bildirir.
These figures will have to be verified by
an accountant.
Her allegations are not borne out by the
facts.
Can you substantiate your daim in a court
of law?
His silence confirmed his guilt.
Can you prove you vvere at horne when
the erime was committed?
Recent events in Somalia clearly show
the futility of war.
Do you have any evidence to support these
claims?
I read an article in the Herald Tribne that
backs up what you vvere saying yesterday.
I knew that he was lying but I had no evi
dence with which to refute his story.
297
298
488- nark (narkl : dikkat etmek, hatrda

tutmak; gstermek
mark = pay attention, notice, mind.
distinguish. identifv. indicate
mark x overlook : gzden karmak
MARK adl olunu aa tepesinde gren an
nesi. heyecanla: "MARK (mark) DKKAT
ET! Deceksin!" diye barr.
She will cause trouble-(you) mark my
words.
Pay attention to what I am saying!
I noticed she was wearing a new dress.
Could you mind my bag tor a moment while
I go to the toilet?
I can distinguish them by their uniforms.
I was asked to identify the criminal.
Please indicate which free gift you would
like to receive.
I always check my work to see if there is
anything l've overlooked.
489- rvitty (\vti) : esprili; zeki
\vitty = lumorous, funny, amusing.
ironic, lilarious, clever
\vitty x dull : skc
Dnya ampiyonu Catherina WIT. dzenledi
i basn toplantsnda sorulan sorulara ESPR
L bir ekilde yant verince; gazeteciler kendi
aralarnda: 'AVT hem ok ZEK (witty) hem
de ESPRL" diye konuurlar.
I enjoyed reading your witty letter in the
Times.
Some of the responses to our questionaries are very humorous.
We ali enjoyed his funny stories.
I suppose the film was miidly amusing.
He is well known for his ironic humour.
He entertained us with hilarious stories
abot his experiences in the navy.
My nephew is very clever.
She is a nice, polite girl, but rather dull.

490- murmur (mr'mr) : mrldanmak
murnnr = mtmble, mutter. babble,
vvhisper
Kk olunun srekli olarak MIRILDANIP
huysuzluk yapmasndan bkan annesi: O
lum ne MR MIR MIRILDANIYORSUN!
(murmur)" diye sylenir.
He was murmurirg lo himself in a corner.
The old woman mumbied something that I
couldnt hear.
Some members of the government are
beginning to mutter about the PM.
1 have no idea what he was babbling on
about.
She leaned ver and vvhispered some
thing in his ear.
Its vvhispered that he rray resign.
491- stationary (steyneri): sabit, deimez
stationary = static, stili, immobile,
fxed, motionless, inert
stationary x mobile : hareketli
Yardmc eleman Haydarpaa STASYONUnu bulamaynca, patron: Olum stasyonun
yeri STATON YER (stationary) DE
MEZ ki! SABTtir! diye arr.
House prices have been stationary for
several months.
Oii prices were fairly static worldwide at
that time.
Who can stay stili the longest?
She sat immobile, vvondering what to do
next.
The tables are firmly fixed to the floor.
She stood motionless in the doorway.
The inert figre of a man could be seen in
front of the car.
Ive a mobile telephone that I can take to
the garden.
299
Br
//
300
492- onset (anset) : balang; hcum,

saldr
onset = start, beginning, outset:
attack, onslauglt, onrusl
onset x end : son
Snftaki zayf rencilere tatilde almalar
iin ON SETlik kitap veren "retmen: "ON
SETlik kitap (onset) ilerlemeniz iin bir BA
LANGI olacaktr" der.
The syrnptoms are characteristic of the
onset of influenza.
Everyone was lined up for the start of the
race.
We arrived just in time io see the begin
ning of the match.
From the outset of the match we knew our
team vvould win.
The soldiers loaded their rifles ready for
the attack.
He coped very well with the onslaught of
the questions from newspaper and television reporters.
The polie were overwhelmed by the sudden onrush of hundreds of footbatl supporters.
Get to the end of the queue and vvait your
turn like everyone else.
493- pretex (pritekst) : sudan sebeb, bahane
pretex = excu.se, daim , allegation,
reason, assertio, pretence
rencilerinin BAHANElerinden bkan bir bi
yoloji retmeni. PREler ile ilgili TEXTi (me
tim ) datrken: "Bunlar PRE" TEXTIer (pire
ile ilgili metinler) artk (pretex) BAHANE iste
miyorum! yi aln!" diye uyanda bulunur.
The border dispute was used as a pretext
for military intervention
She needs only the slightesi excuse to go
on holiday.
Can you give any evidence to support
your daim?
He resigned amid allegations of fraud.
He'd better have a good reason for being
so late!
Despite, her assertion that she was innocent, she was found guilty.
She made a pretence of reading so he
wou!dnt disturb her

494- outshine (autaynJ : bakasn
glgede brakmak
outshine = stand out. edipse,
overshadotv, outclass, outdo, outstrip
Fenerbahe Stad'nda yaplacak kl gsteri
iin son hazrlklar denetleyen organizatr, stad
dndaki sokak lambalarnn daha parlak k
verdiini fark edince: "DIARIDA PARLA
YAN lambalar OUT SHINE bizimkileri (outshi
ne) oktan GLGEDE BIRAKTI' diye arr.
Meral outshines ali the other competitors,
Only three paintings stood out as deserving special praise.
The economy has ectipsed alt other issues
during this election campaign.
Her new book will overshadovv her earlier
ones.
He outclasses ali of us at tennis.
She outdid him in running and in swimming.
Export growth should far outstrip import
grovvth.
495- bilateral (baylatrl) : iki tarafl
bilateral = mutual, give and take,
reciprocal, joint, common
bilateral x unilateral : tek tarafl
Mektup eklindeki anlama metnini almaya ge
len bir kuryenin, kapda dalga getiini gren
genel mdr: "Sayn BAY LETTER AL (bila
teral,) K TARAFLI ticari anlama metni zar
fn iinde; hemen yerine gtr" diye alay eder,
Turkey and England have been negotiating a bilateral free-trade deal
Both countries are acting to their mutual
advantage.
There has to be a lot of give and take in
any successful marriage.
The two superpovvers agreed to a recipro
cal reduction of nuclear vveapons.
The search project is the work of a joint
French-ltalian team,
We have got a lot of common interests,
We will take unilateral action
301
302
496- alibi (iilbay) : su ilendii anda

zanlnn baka yerde
bulunduunu ispat etmesi;
zr, mazeret
alibi = justification, reason, motive,
pretex, excuse, defence
AL adl phelinin olay annda stanbul d
nda olduunu ispat edememesi zerine, kar
s: "AL B (alibi) SU LEND ANDA
stanbul DIINDA BULUNDUUNU S
PAT EDEBLSEYDN! Ne iyi olurdu! diye
kocasn teselli etmeye alr.
Ali has a cast-iron (=very strong) alibi-he
was in hospital the week of the murder.
We expect you to provide a justification
of/for your actions.
The reason I walked out was because I
was bored.
Does he have a motive for lying about
where he was?
His sore leg was a pretex, he just vvanted
a day off work.
What is your excuse this time?" I overslept."
The judge remarked tfat ignorance was
not a vaiid defence.
497- commiserate (kmjzr e y t ) : dert
orta olmak, kederini paylamak
commiserate = sympathize, pitv,
feel for, condole, grieve, console
Vejeteryan, arkadann neden zgn olduunu
soran lhan, ilgin bir yant alr: Bugn dalgn
lkla KIRMIZI ET yedim, (commiserate) DERT
ORTAIM OLURSAN memnun olurum.
i was just commiserating with Ziya the
loss of his pet rabbit.
1 know you must be feeiing very upset,
and I do sympathize.
I pity you having to live witf that awful
woman.
We ali feel for you in your sorrovv.
She visited the family to condole with
them on/over the ioss of their father.
She was stili grieving for her son.
We tried to console him when his dog died.

498- idle (ay'dl) : isiz
idle = redundant, unemployed, jobless
idle x active : faal
Dede, torununa gece parlayan en byk yld
zn ad nedir ve ne i yapar diye sorunca, afa
can ocuk: -Ad AYDIR (idle) SZdir. Bo
ta gezer diye yant verir,
Owing to the electricity strike, a lot of factory vvorkers were left idle.
Seventy men at the facory were made
redundant because of falling demand for
our products.
Fifty per ent of the men in this town are
unemployed.
He has been jobless for the past six
months.
She was active in the campaign for spelling
reform.
499- sophisticated (sfstkeytd) : deneyimli
sophisticated = vvordly, experienced,
seasoned, educated, trained
sophisticated x unsoplisticated :
deneyimsiz, saf
Bayan KATE, ie yeni eleman alnd re
nince nedenini sorar. Yardmcs, personel
mdriyesi SOF'i kastederek: SOF STED
KATE (sophisticated) DENEYML diye ie
ald" der.
Her vvitty conversation shovved her to be
very sophisticated.
She's very sophisticated.
She was much older and more wordly
than I was.
Our doctor is very experienced in these
matters; you should follovv his advice.
Being a seasoned traveller, he was fully
prepared for the long delay at the airport.
The villagers respected me because I was
an educated man.
She is a trained teacher.
She was a country girl, shy and unsophisticated, so different from her rich cousins
in stanbul.
303
304
500- fret (fret) : zlmek, sklmak

fret = \vorry, bother, fuss, brood,
agonize. upset, annoy
fret x soothe : yattrmak
FREDi zgn gren babas: "FRED bu kadar
(fret) ZLMEKie eline ne geecek? Ali ta
raf bir dersten zayf getirdin. Onu da alr
dzeltirsin" diye olunu teselli eder.
Dont fret - lm sure hes OK.
1sometimes vvorry that he will never find a
job.
Dont bother about making your bed this
morning.
Tha's to silly to fuss about.
There is no point in brooding - forget
about her.
She agonized for days about whether she
should take the job.
Don't upset yourself by thinking about
what might have been.
Ive managed to soothe him down a bit,
but he is stili pretty annoyed.
lash
keer
drastic
confess
verdict
unearth
undo
unduly
dwe!l
redeem
err
verify
\
: knamak, ayplamak;
azarlamak
; iddetli, keskin; canl
: iddetli, zora ba
vuran; ar ve kesin
: itiraf etmek,
dorulamak
: jri karar; karar
: meydana karmak,
kefetmek
: zmek; iptal etmek;
mahvetmek
; bo yere; ar
derecede
: oturmak, ikamet etmek
; bortan kurtarmak,
rehinden kurtarmak,
vaadini yerine
getirmek
; hata yapmak
: onaylamak
mark
w itty
m urm ur
stationary
onse
pretex
outshine
bilateral
alibi
com m iserate
idle
sophisticated
fret
: dikkat etmek, hatrda

tutmak; gstermek
: esprili; zeki
; mrldanmak
; sabit, deimez
; balang; hcum,
saldr
: sudan sebeb, bahane
: bakasn glgede
brakmak
: iki tarafl
: su ilendii anda
zanlnn baka yerde
bulunduunu ispat
etmesi; zr, mazeret
: dert orta olmak,
kederini paylamak
: isiz
: deneyimli
; zlmek, sklmak
305
Find the righi word almas (476-500)

1) The latest economic report has b e e n .......... as being too pessimistic.
a) confessed
e) discovered
b) criticized
c) dvvelt
d) denied
2) I have t o ......... .... I didn't believe him at first.
a) confess
b) dvvell
c) deny
e) unearth
d) lash
3) S h e ...........her shoelaces.
b) confess
c) marked
a) dvvelt
d) undid
e) commiserated
4) The old vvoman ...........something that coludnt hear.
a) dvvelt
b) redeemed c) commiserated
d) lashed e) mumbled
5) D o n 't............... ........Im sure hes OS
a) fret
b) lash
c) dvvell
e) confess
d) undo
6) Owing to the electricity strike, a lot of factory vvorkers vvere left
a) active
b) bilateral
c) stationary
e) mobile
d) idle
7) House prices have b e e n ...........for several months.
a) bilateral
c) idle
e) stationary
e) drastic
d) vvitty
8) The government have recently taken .......... . measures to control public
spending.
a) drastic
b) idle
c) dull
d) stationary e) redundant
9) Shes v e ry ......
a) idle
b) redundant c) sophisticated d) bilateral e) mutual
10) Both countries are acting to th e ir...........advantage.
a) redundant
b) mutual
c) idle
d) dull
e) drastic

1) I sometimes worry that he'll never find a job.
a) soothe
b) commiserate c) outshine
e) fret
d) err
2) Tb_err is human..
a) go vvrong
b) soothe
c) fret
d) commiserate e) outsbine
3) These figures will have to be verified by an accountant.
a) soothed
b) dvvelt
c) confirmed
d) moved
e) lashed
4) The job of a restaurant critic is to lash bad restaurateurs and compliment good
ones.
a) dwell
b) fret
c) go wrong
d) err
e)criticize
5) The terrorists refused to acknovvledge the court.
a) confess
b) err
c) fret
d) criticize
e) lash
6) The investigators have unearthed some new evidence about the possible
cause of the crash.
a) soothed
b) dvvelt
c) turned up
d) confessed e) lashed
7) She untied the laces and took her shoes off.
a) undid
b) dvvelt
b) turned up
d) lashed
e) confess
306
8) They dwetl in peace and harmony.

a) turn up
b) reide
c) undo
d) confess
9) She managed to save enough money to redeern her jevvellery
shop.
d) go vvrong
a) surrender
b) turn up
c) confess
10) Can you substantiate vour daim in a court of law?
a) repay
b) reedern
c) go vvrong
d) bear ouf
e) go wrong
from the pawn
e) repay
e) turn up
A ntonym almas (476-500)

1) She wiff cause trouble
a) notice
b) undo
. (vou) mark my vvords.

d) overlook
c) err
2) Dont bother about makina vour bed this morning..

d)deny
c) overlook
a) soothe
b) notice
3) Can vou substantiate vour daim in a court of lavv?
d) soothe
a) overlook
b) refute
c) undo
We
reide
in
stanbul
now.
4)
a) refute
c) overlook
d) undo
b) notice
5) He had to seli his car to repay the loan from the bank..
a) surrender
b) overlook
d) reide
c) move
6) She undid her shoelaces.
a) overlooked b) moved
c) fastened
d) dwelt
She
tried
to
conceal
how
she
felt.
7)
d) surrender
a) move
b) turn up
c) overlook
e) confess
e) undo
e) err
e) move
e) dvvell
e) surrendered
e) dvvell
8) I have to confess I didn't believe hirr at first.

a) deny
c) surrender
e) reide
b) move
d) dwell
9) The job of a restaurant critic is to lash bad restaurateurs and compliment good
ones.
a) move
b) fret
c) praise
d) surrender e) reide
10) He has quite moderate political opinions.
a) drastic
b) slow
c) mutual
d) idle
e) redundant

outshines,
sophisticated, onset,
alibi,
verdict
commiserating, pretex,
vvitty,
unduly,
murmuring
1) Her vvitty conversation shovved her to be v e ry .............
2) Ali has a cast-iron.......................he was in hospital the week of the murder.
3)
4)
5)
6)
I was ju s t...........with Mr. K. Moni the loss of his pet rabbit.

N ih a n ...........ali the other competitors,
The symptoms are characteristic of t h e ...........of influenza.
The border dispute was used a ...........for military intervention.
307
7) He w a s .......... to himself in a corner.

8) i enjoyed reading y o u r........... letter in the Times.
9) There is no need to b e ...........pessimistic about the situation.
10) The jury returned a unanim ous......... of (not) guifty.

1) Unless y o u ...........i vvont forgive you. (apology)
2) I wish youd b e ........... instead of telling me es. (true)
3) The weather in this country is s o ......... that you never know what to expect.
(predict)
4) Its a ...........doing business with you. (please)
5) Although the stone in your ring looks like a diamond, i'm afraid i t 's .............
(vvorth)
6) How can y o u .......... the fact that some people live in mansions while others
iive in slums? (just)
7) ts ...........to expect to get something for nothing. (reason)
8) If you're hoping to make a g o o d ........... , you should pay more ........... to your
............. (impress / attend / appear)
9) There was a look o f ...........on her face. (sad)
10) He was unavvare of t h e ...........of her illness. (serious)
11) He was impressed by the ........... of her skin, (smooth)
12) My ...........is Italian sculpture. (special)
13) Is there a n y ...........to treat her so badly? (necessary)
14) H is ........... vvill lead to misfortune one day! (curious)
15) This car is famous for i t s ............. (reliable)
Cevap Anahtarlar
308

3) D
4) A
1) A 2) D
5) D
6) B
1)
6)
D
B
1)
6)
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
7) D
8) B
9) D
10)
A
2) B
3) D
4) B
5)
B 7) D
9) A
8) B
10)
ntonym almas (1-25)
D
2) A
4) D
3) B
5)
B
7) A
8) D
9) B
10)
sirnilarity
2) similar
revise
4) intention
derisively
6) close
imaginative
8)
issues
preoccupied 10) deceitful
A
A

1) A 2) D
3) D J *4) A
5) B
6) C 7) A
8) C
9) B
10) D
11) A
2) C 3) D
4) A
5) B
1) A
7) B 8) C
9) B
10 ) C
6) D
2) B 3 )
4) B
5) B
1) A
7) C 8) B
9) C
10) D
6) C
2) immense
1) ruthless
4) tiny
3) mild
6) concealed
5) touch down
8)
booked in
7) ignores
10) irnplemented
9) is bound to
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
17)

debater
2) revision(s)
explosively
4) admissible
deceitful
6) allegedly
relevance
8)
incurable
restrictive
10) unbearably
undeniable
12) insurmountable
confidingly
14) concealed
irresistible
16)
executive
disagreeable (kt, naho)
Find the rig h t w ord almas (51-75)

1) A
2) C
3) D
4) A
5) B
6) B
7) A
8) D
9) D
10) A
S ynonym almas (51-75)
1) A
2) B
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) D
7) B
8) C
9) A
10) C
3) B
4) A
1) C
2) D
5) C
6) A
7) B
8) B
9) D
10) D
1) conveyed
2) caused
3) induced
4) verify
5) nomiration
6) mortified
7) abolish
8) repealed
9) invalidated
10) result
Find the right w ord alm as (76-100)
1) D
2) B 3) b '
" 4) A
5) B
6) A
7) D 8) C
9) A
10) A
S ynonym alm as (76-100)
1) D
2) A J3) B
4) A
5) D
6) A
7) B 8) B
9) C
10) A
1) A
2) B '3) D
4) A
5) C
6) B
7) A 8) B
9) C
10) A
1) initiated
2) launched
3) irresolutely
4) similarities
5) solely
6) elude
7) burned down
8) utter
9) unconditional surrender
10) Supreme Court
11) faces
12) looked ver
13) partial
14) partiality
15) sued
1) credibility
2) constitutional
4) beneficiary
3) unbearable
5) deliberation
6) impatient
7) insufficiently
8) negotiations
9) officially
10) implementation
11) unendurable 12) baffng
13) indifference
14) initiative
15) intension
16) enlightenment
17) impediment
18) industriousness
19) shallovvness 20) previously
21) inspector
22) impartially
23) scrutiny
24) ignorant
25) derisively
309
1)
6)
E 2) A
A 7) B
3) B
8) C
J 4) C
9) E
5) D
10) A
1)
6)
1)
6)
11)
B 2) C
D 7) E
E
3) A
8) D
4) B
9) A
5) E
10) B
C 7) E
8) A
9) D
carried out
receipts
laid down
uneasy
actually
2) disressed
4) company
6) fully
8)
proceeding
10) rule
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
unrest
unreality
undesirables
unever
noticeable
undying
unquestioning
invitalion
2) urresolved
4) unrelenting 6) unendurable
8) unerring
10) unending
12) unprepared
14) unqua!ified
16) investments
1)
6)
A 2) E
B 7) A
3) D
8) B
A 2) E
D 7) A
3) A
8) B
* 3 )b
8) E
4) D
9) E
5) C
10) C
4) C
9) D
5) B
10) B
4) C
9) A
5) E
10) C
2) invincible
4) chance
6) ignores
8) apathy
10)
pre
greedily
enervating
endurance
enduring
appalling
soundlessly
zealously
promotion
5) E
10) A
4) B
9) D
5) B
10) B
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
12)
14)
16)
hazardously
enfeebled
endurable
appallingly
spotlessly
soundless
zealous
decision
4) B
9) A
5) E
10) B
2) target
4) scorned
6) slapdash
8) recruited
10) traduced
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
17)
abhorent
aimlessly
allegedly
heroically
unprintable
unlimited
unproductive
inadvisable
residental
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
12)
14)
16)
18)
aimless
alienation
beautician
unpredictable
unmoved
unsuitable
unmanageable
residence
resistance
1) A 2) B
6 )^
7 )C
3) E"
8) D
' 4) C
9) A
5) A
10) C
1)
6)
A 2) C " 3) B
A 7) E
8) B
4) C
9) A
5) D
10) B
1) B 2) A
6) D 7) A
1) invigorate
3) deviates
5) exclude
7) demoralizing
9) relinguished
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
2) E "" 3) A
7) A , 8) C
1) loathe
3) tip
5) aggravate
7) taking
9) kind
1) D
2) A
6) D
7) C
B
B
1) E 2) A " 3) C
6) A
7) B
8) C
1)
6)
4) B
9) E
1)
6)
10) B
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
3) D
8) C

1) A 2) C ' 3)*E
4) B
5) A
6)
A 2) E
A 7) B
' 3)'E
8) B
4) A
9) E
5) B
10) C
1) acknovvledge
3) arisen
5) arise
7) asking for
9) endorsed
2) lessened
4) considerably
6) enrich
8) shortening
10) heartles
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
shortage
suitable
impossible
successful
performance
terrified
applications
sensitive
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
12)
14)
16)
occupation
invention
harmful
awake
doubtful
signature
pleasure
increasingly

1)
6)
E 2) A3) D
' 4) C
A 7) C
8) E
9) A
5) B
10) D
1)
6)
B2) A * 3) C
D 7) C
8) E
4) B
9) B
5) A
10) B
1)
6)
2) A
7) E
' 3)'E
8) D
4) C
9) A
5) A
10) B
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
released
pampered
fluent
forbids
aftermath
2) happiness
4) activity
6) starry
8) unfortunaely
10) responsibility
12) foretel!
14) correspondence
16) slippery
daily
ashamed
countless
powerless
attraction
immoral
difficulty
usually
impatient
5) C
10) A
J3) C
8) C
4) D
9) E
5) B
10) A
3) A
8) B
4) C
9) E
5) B
10) C
1) urban
2)
3) perilous
4)
5) demobilizing 6)
7) chilly
8)
9) verified
10)
entails
tamer
various
gauge
kinship
1) desertion
3) qualifications
5) disability
7) artistic
9) aetions
11) bloodshot
13) confidential
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
12)
14)
behaviour
dependable
basically
unreasonable
applicable
comparatively
continually
" 3) C
8) B
4) D
9) E
5) E
10) D
2) A
7) C
" 3) B
8) E
4) E
9) A
5) B
10) D
red-handed
aims
roughly
sphere
eyesight
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
purely
pacify
declined
exigency
via
1) A 2) D
6) A
7) D
3) E
8) C
4) C
9) B
5) B
10) A
1)
6)
D 2) A
B 7) D
3) B
8) C
4) C
9) A
5) A
10) B
1)
6)
A
2) E
E 7) D
3 )' b
8) A
4) C
9) B
5) A
10) A
1) B 2) E
6) D 7) A
2) A
7) C
1) E 2) A
6) A 7) D
5) D
10) C
1) agreement
2) proteetion
3) protestors
4) proteetively
5) recovery
6) recognizable
7) disobedience 8) classifying
9) indefensible 10) mistaken
11) imprisonment 12) partially
1) C 2) A3) B
J 4) D
6) A 7) D
8) B
9) E
4) B
9) A
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
W ord formation almas (201-225)
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
17)
D
A
1) D
6) A
1) discipline
3) affluent
5) appalled
7) humble
9) phase
3) E
8) E
1) B
6) B
2) C
7) B
1)
6)
A
A
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
tricked
garrulous
solernn
flair
boroughs
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
din
solitary
posted
commonly
bid
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
disqualified
widespread
headstrong
overthrew
breakthrough
hesitantly
hesitant
upset
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
12)
14)
16)
disqualifications
precision
headlines
dovvnpour
bypass
hesitaney
holdup
outbreak

1)
6)
C 2) E
E 7) D
3)A
8) C
J 4) B
9) A
5 D
1C B
1 )C
6) B
1)
6)
A 2) C
E 7) C
' 3) D
8) D
4) B
9) A
B
1C E
B 2) D
B 7) E
3) A
8) A
4) E
9) C
5 C
10 D
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
akin
turbulent
inhaled
malicious
majority
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
informed
exposed
brook
dense
revenue
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
indulgence
indulgently
input
turnover
outcome
D 2) A
C 7) A
3)D
J 4) B
8) B
9) E
5) E
10) C
3) B
8) B
4) E
9) D
5) C
10) E
3)JE
8) D
4) C
9) B
5) A
10) C
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
agile
obstinate
insigh
plotting
fled
2) serious
4) scene
6) bias
,8) hurry
10) equilibrium
action
2).activity
inactive
4) actress
additive
6) addition
admirable
8) admiraion
disadvantage 10) advantageous
1) A 2) C
6) A
7) B
4) C
9) A
5) A
10) B
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
curriculum
syllabus
alimony
summary
haphazard
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
breached
dallies
maintenance
oasis
rough
1) advertising
3) disagre
5) attractions
7) basic
9) calculations
2) advertisement
4) agreement
6) attractively
8) basis
10) calculator
4) C
9) B
5) A
10) A
3) D
8) E
4) B
9) C
1)
6)
E 2) A
E 7) D
'3)B
8) B
4) B
9) C
5)A
10) A
1) A 2) C
6) C
7) B
J 3) B
8) E
4) D
9) A
5) A
10) B
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
fussy
pessimistic
spouses
stereotypes
forthcoming
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
haulded dovvn
substantial
identical
fortnight
proprietor
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
3) B
8) C
1) A 2) B
6) A
7) E
2) A
7) B
1) B 2) A 3) D
J
6) B
7) E
8) C
1 )C
2) A
6) A 7) D
5) E
10) E
1)
6)
4) C
9) D
1) indicator
3) indulgent
5) output
7) breakup
9) intake
11) onset
3) B
8) A
1) E
6) D
1)
6)
2) A
7) C
5) D
10) A
1) confirmation
2) unconfirmed
3) continuation
4) discontinued
5) continuous
6) continually
7) honesty
8) honestly
9) dishonest
10) identification
1) D 2) B 3) A
'
6) B
7) A
8) D
4) C
9) B
5) A
10) C
1) A 2) C
6) C
7) E
" 3) C
8) A
4) B
9) B
5) A
10) C
1) A 2) C
6) C
7) D
3) C
8) A
4) B
9) B
5) A
10) E
312
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
2) shorten
4) scienist
6) scientificially
8) satisfaction
10) nationality
shortly
shorage
scientific
satisfactory
dissatisfied
" 3) B
8 )0
4) E
9) B
5) E
10) D
5) A
10) E
1) D
6) C
2) B
7) D
' 3) A
8) A
4) B
9) D
5) E
10) B
1) insomnia
3) springboard
5) painstakingly
7) gathered
9) prosper
2) fallacy
4) action
6) leaked
8) appropriate
10)
vindicates
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
2)
unexpected
extensive
4)
6)
suspicious
8)
unwisely
10)
decision
reguirement
impassable
financially
prosperity
spotlessly
irresponsible
1) B
2) A
6) B 7) A
3)C
8) C
' 4) E
9) E
5) D
10) A
1) C
6) E
2) B
7) A
' 3) A
8) B
4) D
9) B
5) D
10) E
1) B
6) A
2) C
7) A
3) A
8) D
4) B
9) C
5) E
10) B
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
careless
bellowed
granted
ballot
sensuous
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
allovvance
orbits
frank!y
advised
honestly
lengthened
confidenlial
misbehave
priceless
non-smoker
2) A
7 )C
3) D
8) A
' 4) E
9) C
5) A
10) B
2) C3) A
' 4)
D
7) C
8) B
9) A
2) C
7) A
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
1) E
6) C
1) A
6) C
constructive
notify
departure
pointless
misunderstood
1) B
6) D
Find he right word almas (426-450)
1) B
6) A
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
1) plausible
2) genler
3) lavish
4) tender
5) shortcomings 6) prim
7) insane
8) moderate
9) vandais
10)
Bring
2) A
7) A
* 3) C
8) B
4) E
9) E
5) A
10) D
1) D
6) B
2) A
7) B
' 3) B
8) A
4) E
9) C
5) A
10) A
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
sophisticated 2)
commiseraing 4)
6)
onset
murmuring
8)
10)
unduly
alibi
outshines
pretex
witty
verdict
1)
3)
5)
7)
8)
9)
11)
13)
15)
apologize
2) truthful
unpredictable 4) pleasure
vvorthless
6) justify
unreasonable
impression / attention / appearance
sadness
10) seriousness
smoothness 12) speciality
14) curiousity
necessity
reliability
Kaynaka
ngilizce Kurgusal KPDS Kelimeleri Szl
, inasi Bademciolu, st., 1999.
Seenek, Doentlik, Bankaclk ve KPDS
ngilizce Snav Yardmcs, Cilt 1.2.3
Cneyt Bademciolu, Seenek Ya
ynclk, 1992.
Accelerated Word Memory Power, Melik
Safi Duyar, Yeni Stratejiler Eitim
Hizmetleri Ltd. irketi, Ankara, 1996.
ngilizce - Trke Redhouse Szl,
Redhouse Yaynevi, 1993.
The Penguin Dictionary of English
Synonyms And Antonyms, Penguin
Books Ltd., 1992.
Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs, Rosemary
Courtney, Longman, 1996.
Collins Cobuild
English
Larguage
Dictionary Collings Publishers, 1990.
Essential English Dictionary, Chambers
H. Publishers Ltd., 1995.
The School Thesaurus, Collins Publishers,
1988.
313
Cambridge International Dictionary of
English,
Cambridge
University
Press, 1995.
Language Activator, Longman Group UK
Ltd., 1993.
Dictionary of English Language and
Culture, Longman Group Ltd., 1992.
Longman Synonym Dictionary, Longman
Group Ltd., 1991.
Collins Dictionary and Thesaurus, Happer
Collins Publishers, 1992.
Test Your Vocabulary 3, 4 Peter WatcynJones, Penguin Books Ltd., 1985.
Build Your Vocabulary 2,3 John FlovverMichael
Berman,
Language
Teaching Publications, 1989.
Macmillian Contemporary Dictionary
Macmillian, Publishing CO. INC.
New York ABC Yaynevi, stanbul,
1998.
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary
English, Longman Group Ltd., 1978.
Dizin
314
(not) any longer, (55)

abandon, (206)
abandon, (327)
abandon, (387)
abate, (182)
abate, (348)
abbreviate, (348)
a b d ica te , (206)
abduct, (419)
abhor, (151)
a b h o r, (175)
abide, (318)
ability, (140)
ability, (289)
abnormal, (449)
abnormality, (301)
abolish, (162)
abolish, (327)
abolish, (482)
a b o lis h , (60)
aborninate, (151)
abominate, (175)
about, (257)
abridged, (340)
abrogate, (106)
abrogaie, (162)
abrogate, (327)
abscond, (326)
absolutely, (105)
absorb, (225)
abundance, (1)
abundant, (404)
abuse, (161)
abysmal, (314)
accelerate, (334)
accidental, (148)
accidental, (362)
a c c la im , (392)
acclimatize, (304)
accommodae, (304)
accomplish, (260)
account, (115)
accountable, (167)
accurate, (462)
accusation, (177)
accuse of, (426)
ccuse of, (429)
accuse, (269)
accused of, (372)
achieve, (260)
achievement, (438)
acknowledge, (188)
acknovvledge, (279)
acknovvledge, (479)
acquaint, (316)
acquire, (458)
acquit, (261)
acquit. (269)
acquit, (372)
acrid, (290)
act, (308)
act, (438)
action, (438)
active, (203)
active, (498)
a c tu a lly , (110)
actually, (26)
adamant, (185)
a d a m a n t. (338)
adapt, (304)
adaptable, (15)
adaptable, (443)
add, (361)
adjust, (304)
adrnire, (154)
admire, (366)
admit, (479)
a d m itte d ly , (7)
admonish, (473)
ado, (283)
adore, (175)
a d o re , (365)
adore, (366)
adorn, (418)
adrift, (180)
advance, (107)
advantage, (179)
a d v e rs e ly , (124)
advise, (316)
advise, (473)
a ffa ir, (172)
afectionate, (472)
affirm, (168)
affirm, (239)

affirm, (241)
affliction, (226)
a fflu e n t, (209)
after-effect, (214)
a fte rm a th , (214)
afterwards, (96)
age, (328)
age, (335)
aggravate, (155)
aggravate, (171)
aggravate, (251)
a g g ra v a te , (388)
ag le , (349)
a g ita te , (229)
agitated, (108)
agitated, (320)
agonize, (500)
agree, (415)
agreeable, (167)
agreement, (389)
agreement, (50)
a id, (84)
ailing, (157)
aim, (152)
aim, (252)
almost, (257)
alone, (196)
alone, (286)
alteration, (82)
amaze, (294)
ambiguous, (462)
ambitious, (379)
amble, (138)
ambie, (405)
ameliorate, (107)
a m e lio ra te , (386)
a m e n a b le , (167)
amenable, (185)
amend, (386)
amiss, (180)
amount, (115)
a m p le , (382)
amusing, (489)
arger, (155)
annihilate, (306)
annihilate, (420)
annihilate, (60)
a n n ih ila tio n , (25)
akin, (393)
alarm, (137)
alarm, (473)
alert, (276)
alert, (473)
announce, (241)
announce, (316)
annoy, (101)
annoy, (155)
annoy, (414)
annoy, (500)
annuity, (451)
annul, (133)
a lib i, (496)
a n n u l, (162)
alienate, (160)
alike, (317)
alike, (393)
annul, (327)
annull, (482)
ansvverable, (167)
anticipate, (135)
anticipate, (238)
a kn , (317)
a lim o n y , (357)
allegation, (493)
allege, (168)
allege, (206)
a lle g e , (41)
alleviate, (171)
a llia n c e , (389)
allocate, (376)
allot, (376)
allow, (212)
allovvance, (451)
ally, (270)
a n tic ip a te , (428)
anxiety, (226)
anxious, (477)
apathetic, (187)
apathetic, (477)
apathy, (145)
apex, (309)
apex, (416)
apology, (177)
appal, (207)
316
a p p a ll, (137)
apparertly, (26)
appear, (194)
appearance, (213)
appease,(251)
appetising, (178)
appeizing, (281)
applaud, (392)
appointrnent, (288)
a p p ra is a l, (170)
appraise, (242)
appreciate, (311)
apprehensive anxious, (108)
apprise, (316)
appropriate, (118)
appropriate, (447)
approximately, (257)
approximatior, (170)
apt, (447)
aquaint, (370)
arbitrary, (148)
arbitrary, (362)
ardent, (339)
ardent, (477)
ardour, (145)
arise from, (193)
a rise , (194)
arise, (223)
arise, (27)
arrange, (350)
arrangement, (90)
ar rest, (225)
arrest, (261)
artful, (432)
article, (80)
articulate, (205)
articulate, (369)
artless, (432)
as a rnatter of fac, (110)
ascend, (182)
a s c e rta in , (222)
ascertain, (363)
ask a question, (372)
ask for, (192)
aspect, (213)
aspect, (409)
assemble, (299)

assemble, (437)
assent, (415)
a s s e rt, (168)
assert, (239)
assert, (241)
assertion, (493)
assess, (242)
assessmert, (170)
a sse t, (179)
assiduous, (203)
assiduously, (122)
assignment, (288)
assist, (190)
a s s u a g e , (171)
assure, (293)
a s to n is h , (294)
astound, (294)
a s tra y , (180)
athletic, (349)
atrocious, (314)
attack, (476)
attack, (492)
attempt, (310)
attend, (378)
attentively, (433)
augment, (198)
avaricious, (461)
aver, (168)
average, (322)
average, (422)
a v e rt, (139)
avert, (277)
avid, (379)
avid, (477)
avoid, (383)
babble, (490)
back up, (487)
bad, (314)
bad-health, (157)
baffle, (83)
balance, (336)
b a llo t, (475)
b a n , (212)
banality, (397)
b a n k ru p t, (331)
barbaric, (314)
barbaric, (375)

barely, (43)
bargain for, (428)
bind, (280)
b a rre n , (332)
bizarre, (449)
blacken, (169)
blacken, (353)
base, (309)
b a s h fu l, (323)
basic, (431)
basis, (401)
battle, (217)
be annoyed, (87)
b itte r, (290)
b la m e , (269)
be b o th e re d , (87)
blame, (426)
blame, (429)
blemish, (353)
blithe, (201)
be off, (133)
b lu n d e r, (234)
be p u z z ie d , (83)
blunder, (408)
bear out, (487)

bear, (318)
b lu n tly , (129)
b o d y , (104)
bear, (49)
bold, (273)
bold, (323)
bolster up, (198)
beat, (200)
beautify, (418)
because, (130)
begin, (218)
begin, (219)
begin, (368)
beginning, (492)
b o n d , (73)
boo-boo, (408)
book in, (37)
b o o m , (450)
boon, (179)
b e h a v io r, (68)
b o o s t, (190)
believable, (402)
bellovv, (452)
bemoan, (457)
bore, (294)
bore, (53)
boring, (113)
boring, (396)
b e n e fic ia ry , (228)
b o ro u g h , (298)
b e m o a n , (227)
benefit, (179)
benefit, (451)
b e n e fit, (54)
benevolent, (274)
berate, (476)
bestow, (347)
bestovv, (394)
b o rro w , (297)
borrovver, (65)
botch, (234)
bother, (226)
bother, (500)
brace, (421)
brave, (273)
bet, (231)
b re a ch , (359)
betray, (479)
better, (386)
bewail, (227)
bevvail, (457)
bevvilder, (294)
break off, (219)

break one's promise, (359)
break one's word, (293)
break up, (250)
break up, (437)
break, (271)
break, (271)
break, (359)
oreathe, (319)
b ia s, (343)
b id , (295)
big, (166)
big, (382)
bigoted, (343)
b ila te ra l, (495)
b rib e , (224)
brief (340)
318
brilliant, (174)
bring about, (248)
bring up, (325)
bring, (425)
b ris k ly , (122)
brood, (500)
b ro o k , (318)
browbeat, (184)
brutality, (384)
build up, (186)
build, (420)
building, (23)
building, (42)
b u lk , (313)
bulidoze, (164)
bully, (164)
bully, (184)
bully, (435)
bungle, (234)
b u rd e n , (226)
b u rn d o w n , (94)
burn out, (94)

burst, (3)
business, (119)
business, (172)
business, (409)
buy off/over, (224)
Kelinc Ezberleten Kur

ca n n y, (255)
capable, (255)
capitalize on, (161)
c a p tiv a te , (19)
careful, (156)
careful, (255)
careful, (456)
carefully, (433)
careless, (255)
careless, (456)
carelessly, (433)
carnage, (278)
carry off, (419)
carry on, (413)
carry out, (260)
carry out, (485)
carry, (377)
carry, (425)
carry, (52)
case, (177)
cast aside, (374)
casual, (148)
casual, (339)
casuse, (66)
cause,(21)
c a u tio n , (473)
cautious, (174)
b y far, (40)
c a u tio u s , (456)
by means of, (272)

by way of, (272)
calculate, (361)
cali for, (248)
cautious, (465)
cautiously, (433)
cease, (206)
c a li in, (79)
cease, (368)
celebrity, (302)
censure, (269)
censure, (372)
censure, (429)
censure, (476)
centerpiece, (235)
centre, (235)
centre, (401)
ere al, (258)
cerernonial, (410)
chance, (148)
chance, (362)
changeable, (443)
charne with r4?R1
c a li o ff, (133)
cali on, (79)

c a li o u t, (34)
cali, (299)
c a llo u s , (187)
callous, (396)
calm, (108)
calrr, (255)
calm, (320)
cancel, (133)
cancel, (162)
c a n d id a c y , (63)
ca n d id a te , (62)
candidlv. (4711
cease, (219)

charge with, (429)
charge, (103)
charge, (269)
charged with, (372)
charitable, (274)
charm, (53)
charter, (211)
chase,(223)
chatty, (284)
cheapen, (232)
cheat, (282)
clearly, (129)
clef, (474)
clever, (174)
clever, (489)
cleverness, (140)
cliche, (397)
climax, (305)
climax, (309)
c lim a x , (416)
chink, (474)
choose, (475)
cling to, (463)

close, (305)
close, (315)
close, (81)
closeness, (406)
cloudy, (330)
clue, (153)
ciumsy, (349)
clutch, (463)
coach, (371)
coampanion, (391)
coarse, (375)
coax, (164)
coax, (435)
coddle, (208)
c irc le , (126)
co d e , (308)
ch e c k in, (37)
check out, (37)

c h e e r up, (56)
cheer, (392)
cheerful, (201)
cheerful, (240)
cheerful, (381)
cheerless, (240)
cbeerless, (381)
chiefly, (291)
c h illy , (244)
circle, (215)
circle, (453)
circumstance, (172)
circumvent, (383)
City, (246)
civic, (246)
daim, (168)
daim, (41)
daim, (493)
clap, (392)
clarify, (369)
clarify, (411)
clash, (50)
clasp, (463)
classify, (350)
clean, (329)
clean, (427)
cleanse, (427)
clear, (261)
clear, (330)
clear, (427)
clear, (462)
co e rc e , (164)
coerce, (184)
coerce, (435)
coincidental, (148)
coincidental, (362)
cold, (244)
cold-blooded, (187)
collapse, (253)
collapse, (424)
collect, (425)
collect, (437)
collude, (333)
collude, (448)
colossal, (442)
combat, (217)
c o m e by, (458)
corre frorn, (193)

come of, (193)
comfort, (307)
comfort, (87)
commandeer, (419)
commence, (218)
320
c o m m e rc e , (119)
Kelime Ezberleten Kur

condensed, (340)
commiserate, (446)
co n d o le , (446)
c o m m is e ra te , (497)
condole, (497)
conduct, (345)
confess, (454)
commission, (312)
commit a erime, (448)
commit, (455)
common, (495)
c o m m o n ly , (291)
c o m m o n p la c e , (322)
commonplace, (397)
commotion, (283)
communicative, (284)
compact, (315)
company, (104)
compatible, (447)
compel, (164)
co m p e l, (435)
compete, (270)
complain, (227)
complete, (218)
complete, (97)
cornpletely, (105)
completely, (196)
complicate, (30)
cornpiy with, (378)
component, (72)
comprehend, (324)
comprehension, (342)
compromise, (131)
compromise, (337)
compulsory, (444)
conceal, (31)
conceal, (363)
conceal, (436)
conceal, (481)
concede, (479)
concededly, (7)
conciliate, (160)
conciliale, (251)
c o n c is e , (340)
conclude, (305)
conclusion, (480)
concur, (415)
condemn, (227)
condernn, (269)
condemn, (372)
c o n d e m n , (426)
c o n fe s s , (479)
c o n fid e , (28)
confine,
confirm,
confirm,
confirm,
confirm,
confirm,
(300)
(133)
(162)
(188)
(222)
(487)
c o n firm , (69)
c o n flic t, (50)
confound, (294)
confuse, (370)
confused, (320)
confusing, (243)
c o n g e s t, (430)
congregate, (437)
c o n g ru o u s , (447)
connect, (280)
connection, (73)
connive, (333)
c o n n iv e , (448)
conscientious, (156)
consciously, (75)
consecrate, (455)
consensus, (389)
consequence, (214)
c o n s e g u e n c e , (66)
consequently, (130)
c o n s id e ra b ly , (195)
considerably, (220)
consign, (181)
console, (446)
console, (497)
conspicuously, (220)
conspire, (333)
conspire, (448)
constant, (134)
constantly, (125)
consume, (221)
contemplate, (385)
contend, (270)
contest, (270)

cortinue, (413)
continued, (134)
continuous perputual, (134)
continuously, (125)
contract, (189)
contract, (389)
contradicl, (64)
contravene, (271)
contribute, (394)
convene, (299)
convenient, (447)
convention, (109)
converge, (437)
corvey, (118)
convey, (377)
convey, (425)
convey, (52)
convoke, (299)
cool, (244)
cool, (379)
cope with, (58)
crest, (416)
cripple, (445)
crippled, (466)
crisis, (263)
critical, (339)
criticize, (426)
criticize, (476)
crowd, (430)
crovvd, (437)
crucial, (431)
cruel, (314)
cruel, (375)
cruelty, (384)
crux, (235)
cry out, (452)
culminate, (305)
cunning, (176)
cunning, (432)
curable, (443)
curt), (275)
copy, (121)
curb, (300)
curriculum, (352)
core, (235)
curtail, (259)
core, (401)
corn, (258)
Corporation, (104)
corresponding, (317)
corresponding, (393)
curtail, (348)
custom, (109)
customs, (112)
cut down, (221)
cut down, (259)
corrigible, (443)
dally, (356)
corrupt, (224)
cost, (103)
damage, (445)
dangerous. (247)
dark, (381)
dart, (405)
dash, (334)
couch, (241)
count, (361)
courageous, (273)
cover, (265)
covvardly, (273)
coy, (323)
crafty, (432)
crawl, (245)
crazy, (412)
create, (306)
creation, (25)
creativity, (140)
credible, (402)
creditor, (65)
creep, (245)
crest, (309)
dash, (405)
davvdle, (334)
dawdle, (356)
daze, (294)
dazed, (276)
deadly, (113)
deal with, (310)
deal, (389)
dealings, (119)
dearth, (1)
debater, (46)
debtor, (65)
decay, (24)
322
decay, (253)
decease, (253)
deceit, (176)
deceitful, (11)
deceitfully, (471)
deceive, (282)
deception, (176)
deceptive, (11)
decide, (202)
decimate, (306)
decision. (480)
deck, (418)
declare, (168)
declare, (239)
declare, (241)
declare, (316)
dedine, (259)
decline, (388)
decline, (450)
decline, (454)
decorate, (418)
decoration, (121)
decrease, (182)
decrease, (189)
decrease, (232)
decrease, (348)
dedicate, (455)
deed, (438)
deep, (14)
defame, (169)
defence, (177)
delence, (496)
delend, (265)
defiled, (143)
define, (292)
definite, (462)
deflect, (139)
defy, (359)
deliberate, (148)
deliberate, (362)
deliberately, (75)
delicate, (407)
delicious, (178)
delicious, (281)
delight, (311)
deliver, (118)
deliver, (425)
Keline Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlk

delude, (282)
deluge, (2)
delusion, (440)
delve inlo, (222)
demand, (192)
demand, (248)
demobilize, (250)
demolish, (306)
demolish, (420)
demolish, (459)
demolition, (23)
demoralize, (146)
demur, (202)
demure, (323)
demure, (410)
denigrate, (169)
denounce, (392)
denounce, (429)
dense, (315)
deny, (239)
deny, (41)
deny, (479)
deny, (64)
deny, (69)
depar, (117)
department, (264)
depici, (292)
deplore, (227)
depreciate, (18)
depreciate, (183)
depress, (146)
depress, (56)
depressing, (240)
depressing, (381)
deprived, (142)
depth, (95)
deputize, (460)
deride, (367)
deride, (380)
deride, (417)
derisively, (71)
describe, (292)
describe, (411)
desert, (327)
design, (121)
desist from, (206)
desperate, (478)

despise, (151)
despise, (175)
despise, (365)
destroy, (306)
destroy, (346)
destroy, (420)
destroy, (459)
destroy, (482)
destruction, (25)
destruction, (278)
detect, (363)
deteriorate, (186)
deteriorate, (200)
deteriorate, (328)
deteriorate, (386)
deteriorate, (388)
determined, (339)
detest, (151)
diminish, (182)
diminish, (259)
diminish, (348)
din, (283)
dire, (233)
direct, (139)
direct, (345)
directly, (129)
directly, (471)
disa vow, (188)
disabled, (466)
disagree, (415)
disagreement, (389)
disal!ow, (212)
disappear, (194)
disband, (250)
disband, (299)
discard, (114)
detest, (175)
discard, (374)
devastate, (420)
discern, (363)
discernment, (266)
discernment, (342)
discipline, (208)
disclaim, (168)
devastate, (459)
devastation, (23)
devastation, (278)
develop, (107)
develop, (186)
develop, (328)
evelope, (450)
deviate, (149)
devious, (432)
devote, (455)
die, (253)
die, (368)
difference, (303)
difference, (82)
differenet, (393)
differently, (125)
difficult, (464)
difficulty, (216)
difficulty, (263)
diffident, (323)
digresse, (149)
dilemma, (216)
diligent, (156)
diligent, (203)
diligent, (92)
diligentiy, (122)
dilly-dally, (356)
disclaim, (454)
disclose, (436)
disclose, (481)
disconnect, (280)
disconnection, (73)
discontinue, (219)
discontinue, (36)
discount. (232)
discourage, (146)
discourage, (190)
discourage, (277)
discourage, (325)
discouraging, (240)
discouraging, (381)
discover, (222)
discover, (363)
discover, (481)
discuss, (93)
diseased, (157)
disfigure, (418)
disgust, (175)
dishearten, (146)
dishonest, (247)
324
dishonest, (432)
dishonest, (434)
dislike, (151)
disloyal, (247)
d ism a l, (381)
d ism a y , (207)
disobey, (271)
disobey. (359)
disorder, (90)
disorganize, (350)
disorientate, (304)
disparity, (303)

domain, (126)
donate, (394)
donate, (469)
doty, (412)
doubtfully, (110)
dozy, (276)
d ra ft, (191)
drag, (377)
d ra s tic , (478)
draw, (377)
dravvback, (179)
dreadful, (233)
d is p a tc h , (181)
d re n ch , (78)
dispense with, (374)

disperse, (204)
disperse, (250)
dispose of, (374)
disputant, (46)
disregard, (150)
disrepute, (302)
dissimilar, (317)
dissipate, (204)
dissipate, (221)
dissolve, (250)
distance, (406)
distinction, (303)
distinctly, (120)
distinctly, (220)
distinguish, (488)
distinguished, (364)
dislress, (101)
distribue, (204)
distribute, (376)
distrust, (28)
disturb, (229)
disturbed, (320)
diverge, (149)
divert, (139)
divide, (376)
divine, (238)
divine, (428)
divulge, (436)
drift, (149)
d o up, (32)
do without, (347)
docile, (210)
docor, (102)
dodge, (383)
d rill, (371)
drive, (164)
drive, (435)
d ro u g h t, (2)
dro\Nsy, (276)
dry, (78)
dryness, (2)
dull, (113)
dull, (240)
dull, (330)
d u ll, (396)
dull, (489)
dupe, (282)
duplicate, (393)
d u ra b le , (165)
duration, (230)
duty, (172)
d w e ll, (484)
dwindle, (259)
dwindle, (348)
eager, (379)
eager, (477)
eagerness, (145)
earnest, (287)
e a rn e st, (339)
ease, (171)
ease, (182)
easy-going, (410)
edipse, (494)
edify, (370)
educate, (370)
educated, (499)
eerie, (296)

effect, (214)
elaborately, (433)
elecf, (475)
elegant (163)
eliminate, (114)
elope, (326)
eloquent, (205)
elucidate, (369)
elucidae, (411)
elude. (100)
elude, (383)
emanate from. (193)
embark on. (310)
em bark, (218)
embellish, (418)
embezzle, (159)
emerge, (194)
emetgency, (263)
emigrate, (117)
eminent, (364)
emotional, (472)
empty, (10)
encourage, (190)
encourage, (277)
encourage, (300)
encourage, (325)
encourage, (421)
325
enhance, (183)
enhance, (386)
enjoy, (311)
erlghten, (370)
enlighen, (411)
enlighten, (83)
enlist, (158)
enormous, (442)
enrage, (155)
enrich, (18)
enrich, (183)
enrich, (386)
erroll, (158)
ensue, (223)
entail, (248)
enthusiasm, (145)
enthusiastic, (477)
entirely, (105)
entirely, (196)
epoch, (335)
equilibrium, (336)
equity, (336)
equivocally, (129)
era, (335)
eradicate, (306)
eradicate, (420)
eradicate, (459)
encumber, (275)
err, (234)
end, (368)
end, (492)
endanger, (131)
endanger, (321)
endarger, (337)
error, (408)
escape, (326)
escort, (425)
essence, (235)
err, (486)
endorse, (188)
essence, (401)
endorse. (222)
endurance, (468)
endure, (318)
endure, (49)
enduring, (76)
energeticly, (122)
enermous, (166)
essential, (431)
enervate, (146)
evade, (383)
evaluate, (242)
enfeeble, (146)
e n fe e b le , (445)
engage, (225)
ergross, (225)
enhance, (18)
esteem, (154)
esteem, (367)
estimate, (135)
estimate, (170)
estimate, (242)
evacuate, (327)
evaluation, (170)
even, (13)
evenly, (125)
event, (172)
event, (467)'
evetlasing, (165)
experienced, (499)
expire. (253)
evolve, (186)
expire, (368)
evolve. (328)
exact: (163)
exact, (462)
exactly, (123)
exaggerated, (373)
examine, (99)
exasperate, (155)
explain. (292)
exp!ain, (411)
explicit; (462)
exceed, (200)
excel, (200)
excess, (360)
excessive, (344)
excessive, (360)
excessive, (373)
excessively, (40)
excessively. (483)
excited, (108)
excited, (379)
exclude, (150)
exclusively, (120)
exclusively, (196)
exclusively, (256)
exculpate, (426)
excuse, (177)
excuse, (493)
excuse, (496)
execute. (260)
execute, (48)
exercise. (371)
exhale. (319)
exhausted, (276)
exhibit, (395)
exhilarate, (56)
exhilarated, (379)
exigency, (263)
exlain, (369)
expand, (186)
expand, (189)
expect, (428)
expeditiously, (122)
expend, (221)
expenditure, (103)
expenditure, (312)
expense, (103)
experienced. (174)
explode, (3)
exploit, (161)
exploit, (267)
exploit. (438)
expose, (265)
expose, (321)
expose, (337)
expose. (436)
expose.(481)
expound, (411)
express. (241)
expess. (292)
express, (369)
extent, (230)
extent. (95)
exterior, (235)
exlerminae. (306)
exterminae, (420)
exerminate, (459)
extinguish, (414)
exira, (344)
extra, (360)
extradite, (144)
extraordinary, (322)
exiraordinary, (351)
extravagant, (373)
extravagant, (404)
extravagantly. (483)
exeme. (199)
extreme. (344)
exireme, (373)
extreme. (422)
exiremely, (483)
extremity, (263)
eye-catching. (351)
eyesight. (266)
fabulous, (351)
face. (100)
race, (383)
factory. (268)
faculty, (289)

fail. (260)
fail. (310)
fail. (424)
fail. (58)
fair. (322)
fair, (434)
fairly. (471)
fail through, (424)
faliacy. (440)
falter, (202)
fame, (302)
familiarize, (304)
family, (236)
famine, (1)
famous, (364)
fancy, (311)
fascinaie, (19)
fascinate, (53)
fashion. (346)
fasi, (470)
fasten. (280)
fasten, (482)
fastidious, (156)
fatal, (113)
fathom, (324)
fault, (408)
fault. (426)
favourably, (124)
fearful, (233)
fearless, (273)
feasible, (402)
feat, (438)
fee. (173)
feeble, (407)
feeble, (466)
feel for. (446)
feel for. (497)
feel sorry for, (446)
eminine, (403)
rend off, (139)
ferocious, (423)
ferocity, (384)
fervent, (339)
fervour, (145)
fetch, (425)
field, (264)
fierce, (290)
327
rierce. (423)
fight for. (270)
fight. (217)
figre up, (361)
figre, (121)
file, (350)
fiil, (260)
fiil, (430)
final end, (199)
find, (363)
find, (481)
finish, (219)
finish, (305)
finish, (368)
finished, (134)
firm, (104)
firm, (185)
firm, (413)
firm. (464)
first, (199)
fit, (447)
fixed, (491)
fizzle out, (424)
flair, (140)
Hair, (289)
flee, (326)
flexible, (167)
flexible, (338)
flexible, (443)
fling out, (197)
flourish, (24)
flourish, (450)
flout, (359)
flow from, (193)
fluent, (205)
fluid, (205)
fluky, (362)
fly off with, (354)
foggy. (330)
follovv, (223)
follovv, (378)
fool, (282)
foolish, (174)
forbid. (136)
forbid, (212)
force, (164)
force, (435)
328
forceful, (478)
forcefully, (128)
forecast. (238)
foresee, (428)
forestall, (136)
foretell, (238)
forewarn, (473)(473)
funcion. (116)
functionary, (67)
funny, (489)
furious, (423)
furnish. (394)
furthest, (199)
forgo, (387)
fuss, (500)
fussy. (156)
fussy, (379)
future. (399)
gaffe, (408)
gain, (458)
gain, (54)
gamble, (231)
forlorn, (286)
form, (346)
formal, (410)
formality, (109)
formula, (308)
forsake, (387)
forsee, (238)
forthcomirg, (399)
fortify, (198)
fuss, (283)
game. (273)
gap, (474)
fortify, (421)
fortnight, (398)
garnish. (418)
forvvard, (181)
gather,
gather,
gather,
gauge,
foster, (325)
foster, (328)
founder, (424)
foxy, (432)
fragile, (407)
fragment, (72)
frankly, (129)
frankly, (471)
frantic, (412)
fraud, (176)
freak, (301)
free, (132)
free, (261)
free, (419)
free, (444)
freely, (127)
freezing, (244)
fret, (500)
friend, (391)
friendless, (286)
frighten, (137)
frighten, (207)
frightening, (296)
frivolous, (287)
fulfil, (260)
fulfill, (485)
fully, (105)
garrulous, (284)
(204)
(299)
(437)
(242)
gender, (403)
generally, (120)
generally, (291)
generous, (141)
generous, (274)
generous, (382)
generous, (461)
genius, (289)
genocide, (278)
genteel, (163)
gentle, (375)
gentle, (407)
gentle, (423)
get a move on, (334)
get novjhere, (424)

get rid of, (100)
get rid of, (114)
get rid of, (374)
get upset, (101)
get. (425)
get, (458)
gift, (289)
gigantic, (166)
gigantic, (382)

gigantic, (442)
gingerly (433)
give and take. (495)
give away (436)
give away, (469)
give in. (118)
give in, (144)
give in. (88)
give up. (206)
give up. (387)
give, (347)
give. (394)
give, (395)
give, (469)
gladly, (127)
gleeful, (201)
gloomy, (240)
gloomy, (381)
go along with, (415)
go dovvn, (259)
go through, (221)
go o seed, (388)
go vvith, (415)
go vvrong, (486)
goal, (152)
goal, (252)
good, (274)
good. (281)
goodness, (384)
grade, (350)
gram, (258)
grant, (469)
grapple, (217)
grasp. (324)
grasp, (463)
grave, (287)
great, (382)
greatly, (195)
greedy, (141)
grieve, (457)
grieve, (497)
grip, (463)
group, (350)
grow from. (193)
grow up. (328)
grow, (186)
guarantee, (293)
guard. (265)
guess. (135)
guide, (345)
guiie. (176)
habit. (109)
hail. (392)
hal!. (219)
hamlet, (298)
hamper, (275)
hamper, (277)
hand ver, (118)
handle, (116)
haphazard, (148)
haphazard. (q32)
happen, ( iP ,)
happen. (223)
happening, (467)
happy, (201)
harass. (307)
hard. (464)
hardship, (263)
hard-working, (203)
harsh, (375)
hassle, (155)
hasten, (334)
hasten, (405)
hasty, (465)
hasty, (470)
hate, (151)
hate, (175)
haughty, (210)
haul, (377)
h a v e t he l e a n of.
(297)
have the use o, (297)
hazard. (131)
hazard, (231)
hazard (321)
hazardous, (247)
hazy, (330)
healthy, (157)
healthy, (329)
heart. (235)
heartless, (187)
heavy, (442)
hectic, (379)
hector, (184)
heed, (378)
Kelime Ezberlenen Kurgusal Szlk
330
heir (228)
help (179)
help. (190)
nence. (130)
heroic. (273)
hesiani. (85)
hesiiae (202)
hide, (265)
hijack, (419)
hilarious, (201)
hilarious. (489)
hinder, (275)
hinder. (277)
hint, (153)
hire, (211)
hire. (297)
hold back, (300)
hold on, (36)

hold.
hold.
hold,
hole,
(144)
(463)
(88)
(474)
holocaust, (278)
honest, (434)
honesfly, (129)
honestly, (471)
honesty, (176)
honour, (154)
honour. (365)
honour, (392)
honourable, (434)
horrible. (233)
horrify, (137)
horrify, (207)
hot, (244)
hubbub. (283)
huge. (442)
hullabaloo. (283)
humane. -(274)
humane, (407)
humble, (210)
humorous, (489)
hunt, (267)
hurry, (334)
hurry, (356)
hurry. (405)
hurt, (101)
husband. (391)
hygienic (329)
icy, (244)
identical, (393)
identify. (262)
identify. (488)
idle, (498)
idolize. (365)
idolize. (366)
ignore, (150)
ignore, (378)
ignore, (99)
ili, (157)
illusion, (440)
illustrae (292)
imaginative, (8)
immaculate. (143)
immaculate, (329)
immediately. (123)
immense. (16)
immense, (166)
immerse, (225)
imminent. (399)
irnmobile, (491)
impartial, (343)
impeach, (269)
impeach. (426)
impeach, (429)
impede, (275)
impede. (300)
impede. (84)
impending. (399)
impenetrable, (315).
imperil, (131)
imperil, (321)
implement, (48)
important. (364)
important, (431)
impoverish. (331)
impoverished, (142)
impressive, (351)
improve. (107)
improve, (183)
improve, (386)
improve, (388)
in fact, (110)
in flagrante delicto, (254)

in need, (142)
in reality, (110)
in shame, (59)
in vain, (111)
inability, (289)
inadequate, (466)
inapplicable, (9)
incessantly, (125)
incessantly, (128)
inch. (245)
incident, (172)
incident, (467)
incite. (229)
inelude, (114)
include, (150)
income. (173)
income, (312)
incompatible, (447)
inconsiderate, (461)
inconsiderate. (465)
incorrigible, (443)
increase. (183)
increase, (186)
increase, (259)
increase, (348)
increase, (450)
incur, (337)
indicate, (239)
indicate, (488)
indication, (153)
indict, (269)
indict, (372)
indict, (429)
indispensable, (431)
indistinguishable. (393)
inler, (135)
infertile, (332)
inflexible. (185)
inrlexible, (338)
inriexible. (338)
inform, (316)
inform, (370)
informer, (61)
infringe, (271)
infringe, (359)
ingenuity, (140)
inhabit, (484)
inhale, (319)
inherior, (228)
inimically, (124)
initiate, (218)
initiate, (81)
inquire. (372)
insane. (412)
insanitary, (329)
insatiable, (141)
insensitive, (187)
insight, (342)
insignificantly, (195)
insist, (192)
insistence, (468)
insistently. (128)
insomnia, (441)
inspection, (98)
instruct, (370)
instruct. (371)
insufricieni. (466)
inieiiigent, (174)
intensiiy, (183)
intensive. (478)
individually, (120)
intent, (85)
indomitable. (147)
intention. (152)
intentional, (444)
intentionally, (127)
interpret. (395)
interrogate, (372)
intimidate, (164)
intimidate. (184)
intimidate, (267)
intolerant, (343)
inrigue, (333)
intrigue. (448)
induce. (21)
indulge. (208)
industrious. (203)
industrious, (92)
industriously, (122)
industry, (119)
ineffective, (111)
inequitable, (343)
inert, (491)
infecund, (332)
11"1
intrinsically. (110)
ament, (457)
invalid, (157)
land (33)
iandiady, (400)
landlord. (400)
landowner. (400)
landscape, (341)
large, (166)
large, (382)
nvariably, (125)
Invent (35)
invigorate. (146)
tnvigorae, (445)
invincible, (147)
:nvolve, (225)
mvolve. (248)
r: 'ulnerable, (147)
nic. (489)
devan. (9)
irntate, (155)
ssue, (409)
i.:sue, (74)
- Tl, (80)
(430)
'er at, (417)
jeer, (380)
jeopardize, (131)
jeopardize, (321)
jeopardize, (337)
job, (288)
jobless, (498)
joint, (495)
joy. (201)
judge, (242)
judgement, (480)
justificaiion, (496)
keen, (477)
keep, (347)
kernel, (235)
key. (153)
kidnap, (419)
kin, (236)
kin, (237)
kind, (163)
kind, (210)
kind, (274)
kind, (407)
kinship, (237)
knott, (280)
knovv, (135)
lodge, (484)
iame, (466)
lamen, (227)
iament, (446)
lash, (476)
last, (199)
last, (253)
lasting, (165)
lasting, (76)
later on, (96)
laugh at. (380)
launch. (218)
launch, (81)
lavish, (373)
lavish, (404)
law, (308)
lawsuit, (89)
lax. (132)
lay down, (106)

lazy, (92)
lead astray, (486)
lead, (345)
leak, (436)
iease (211)
lease, (297)
leave off. (219)
leave, (117)
leave, (327)
iend, (297)
iength, (230)
lengthy, (340)
lenient, (314)
lessen, (182)
let somebody go, (261)
let somebody out, (261
lethal. (113)
light. (349)
like, (311)
like, (317)
limp, (464)
linger, (356)
link, (280)
listen to, (378)

litigation, (89)
live with, (318)
live, (484)
loaded, (209)
loan, (297)
loathe, (151)
loalhe, (175)
loathe, (311)
locate, (363)
logical, (390)
loiter, (356)
lone, (286)
lonely, (286)
lonesome, (286)
make, (361)
malicious, (314)
look ver, (99)
markedly, (195)
mascune, (403)
mass, (313)
mass, (437)
massive, (382)
look up to, (154)
loose, (132)
loquacious, (284)
lose, (458)
loss, (54)
love, (151)
love, (365)
love, (366)
loving, (472)
lower, (232)
lower, (57)
lure, (224)
luscious, (178)
mad, (412)
magnitute, (313)
mail, (181)
mainly, (291)
maintain, (168)
maintain, (413)
maintenance, (357)
majority, (313)
make a deai, (415)
make a donation, (469)
make a mistake, (486)
make a sp, (486)
make away with, (354)
make off with, (354)
make off, (326)
make out, (262)
make out, (324)
maligr, (169)
maltread, (307)
rnanage vvithout, (347)
rranage, (116)
maniacal, (412)
manipulate, (161)
manner, (68)
manufacture, (346)
mark down, (232)

mark up, (232)
mark, (252)
mark, (488)
massve, (442)
mate, (391)
matriculate, (158)
matter, (172)
matter, (409)
mature, (328)
mediocre, (322)
rneditate, (385)
meek, (210)
member, (47)
mercenary, (141)
mercenary, (461)
merchandising, (119)merely, (196)
merely, (256)
merely, (86)
merry, (201)
mess, (216)
mete out, (376)

meticulous, (156)
meticulous, (456)
meticulously, (433)
metropolitan, (246)
middle of the road, (422)
migrate, (117)
mild, (17)
make up, (35)
mili, (268)
make, (346)
mind, (378)
334
mind, (488)
minority, (313)
rninus, (361)
miscalculate, (486)
miscarry, (424)
miscellaneous, (243)
misjudge, (234)
misjudge, (486)
mislead, (282)
misquotation, (5)
miss, (383)
missing, (180)
misstatement, (20)
misstatement, (5)
mistake, (234)
mistake, (408)
misty, (330)
misunderstand, (324)
misuse, (161)
mitigate, (171)
mixed, (243)
mob, (437)
mobiie, (491)
mock, (367)
mock, (380)
mock, (417)
model, (121)
moderate, (182)
moderate, (422)
moderate, (478)
moderately, (40)
moderately, (483)
modest, (210)
modest, (323)
modest, (422)
mollity, (251)
momentous, (431)
monkey business, (176)
monotonous, (396)
more or less, (257)
more-ish, (178)
mortgage, (285)
mortification, (59)
mostly, (291)
motif, (121)
motionless, (491)
motivate, (325)

motive, (496)
mould, (346)
mourn, (227)
mourn, (457)
move, (117)
move, (438)
move, (484)
mug, (419)
mumble, (490)
rnunicipal, (246)
murmur, (490)
muse, (385)
muster, (250)
muster, (299)
mutter, (490)
mutual, (495)
mysterious, (296)
mystify, (411)
nadir, (416)
name, (302)
narrow, (189)
nasty, (281)
natural, (296)
nearly, (257)
nearness, (406)
necessary, (344)
necessary, (360)
necessary, (431)
necessiate, (136)
necessiate, (248)
necessiate, (435)
necessities, (51)
necessity, (263)
needy, (142)
neglect, (150)
negotiate, (93)
nervous, (108)
nettle, (155)
neuter, (403)
new, (143)
nick, (159)
nimble, (349)
nippy, (244)
no longer, (55)
nomination, (63)
nominee, (62)
nondescript, (322)
Keiitne Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlk

normality, (301)
official, (67)
notably, (220)
orrit, (114)
notice, (488)
noticeably, (195)
roticeably, (220)
omit, (150)
ongoing, (134)
notify, (316)
nourish, (325)
nucleus, (401)
nulify, (133)
nullify, (162)
nutty, (412)
oasis, (358)
obey, (271)
obey, (359)
obey, (378)
object, (152)
object, (252)
objective, (152)
objective, (252)
obligate, (285)
oblige, (285)
obge, (435)
observation, (266)
obstiracy, (468)
nbstinate, (167)
only, (196)
only, (256)
onrush, (492)
onset, (492)
onslaught, (492)
opaque, (315)
operate, (116)
operations, (119)
opinion, (480)
oppose, (136)
oppose, (271)
oppress, (267)
oppress, (307)
opt for, (475)
orbit, (453)
order, (192)
order, (90)
ordinary, (322)
ordinary, (351)
ordinary, (449)
organisation, (104)
nhriinaie, (185)
orientate, (304)
obstinate, (338)
obstruct, (275)
obstruct, (277)
obtain, (458)
oddity, (301)
odds, (303)
odour, (302)
original, (143)
ornament, (418)
outclass, (200)
outclass, (494)
outcome, (214)
outdo, (200)
outdo, (494)
outfit, (104)
outgoing, (103)
outlaw, (212)
outlay, (103)
outline, (191)
outline, (355)
outlook, (341)
outset, (492)
outshine, (200)
of your own free will, (127)

offer, (197)
offer, (295)
Office, (288)
official, (410)
outstrip, (494)
ovenlook, (488)
overcast, (330)
overcome, (22)
obviate, (136)
obviously, (129)
occassion, (467)
occupied, (10)
occupy, (225)
occur, (194)
occur, (223)
occurerce, (467)
odd, (449)
outshine, (494)
336
overcome, (58)
overcrovvd, (430)
overlook, (150)
overlook, (262)
overly, (483)
overmuch, (483)
overrate, (242)
overshadovv, (494)
ovvner, (400)
pace, (138)
pacify, (160)
pacify, (251)
pack, (430)
pact, (389)
painful, (290)
pairstaking, (156)
painstakingly, (433)
pal, (391)
palatable, (178)
palatable, (281)
paltry, (111)
pamper, (208)
paralyse, (445)
part with, (347)
partial, (343)
partial, (97)
partially, (105)
participant, (47)
particularly, (120)
partner, (391)
pass away/on, (253)
passion, (145)
patiern, (121)
pawn, (285)
pay attention to, (378)
pay attention, (488)
pay, (173)
pay, (312)
peace, (283)
peak, (305)
peak, (309)
peak, (416)
peculiar, (449)
peculiarity, (301)
penetration, (342)
penniless, (142)
pension, (173)
pension, (451)
perceive, (324)
perceive, (363)
perception, (266)
perception, (342)
perennial, (165)
perfect, (386)
perfect, (408)
perform, (116)
perform, (260)
perilous, (247)
period, (213)
period, (230)
period, (335)
periphery, (126)
perish, (253)
perish, (318)
perish, (368)
perishable, (165)
perrnanent, (165)
perpetually, (125)
perpetuate, (36)
perplexity, (216)
persecute, (307)
persevere, (413)
persist, (413)
persistence, (468)
persistent, (338)
persistently, (128)
perturb, (229)
pessimistic, (240)
pessimistic, (381)
peter out, (348)
petrify, (137)
petrify, (207)
phase, (213)
phenomenon, (467)
philanthropic, (274)
physician, (102)
pig-headed, (185)
pig-headed, (338)
pilfer, (159)
pine away, (457)
pinnacle, (309)
pinnacle, (416)
Pioneer, (345)
pity, (446)

pity, (497)
place, (262)
place, (341)
plan, (191)
plan, (352)
plan, (355)
plant, (268)
platitude, (397)
p la u s ib le , (402)
p le a , (177)
pledge, (285)
p le d g e , (293)
pledge, (455)
plentiful, (404)
plight, (216)
p lo t, (333)
plot, (448)
polnt, (409)
policy, (109)
policy, (352)
polish, (353)
polite, (210)
politely, (257)
poll, (475)
pollute, (427)
ponder, (385)
poor, (12)
poor, (142)
poor, (209)
poper, (410)
p o rtra y , (292)
position, (288)
possessive, (141)
possessive, (461)
post, (181)
p o s t, (288)
p o v e rty , (4)
practice, (109)
practise, (371)
praise, (169)
praise, (392)
praise, (476)
precede, (223)
precis, (355)
precise, (163)
p re c is e , (462)
precisely, (123)
predicament, (216)
p re d ic a te , (239)
p re d ic t, (238)
predict, (428)
pre-eminent, (364)
prejudiced, (343)
p re m is e s , (42)
present situation, (77)

present, (31)
present, (395)
press for, (192)
prestigious, (364)
pretence, (493)
prete%, (493)
pretex, (496)
pretext, (177)
prevent, (136)
prevenl, (139)
prevent, (21)
prevent, (275)
prevent, (277)
prevent, (300)
previous, (399)
previously, (96)
p re y , (267)
pride, (59)
priggisl, (410)
p rim , (410)
primary, (431)
primitive, (243)
principle, (401)
p ris tin e , (143)
privileged, (142)
proceed, (107)
proclaim, (239)
proclaim, (241)
procure, (458)
prodigal, (373)
produce, (346)
professional, (174)
proffer, (295)
profuse, (404)
profusely, (43)
program, (352)
progress, (107)
progress, (186)
progress, (450)
338
prohibit, (136)
prohibit, (212)
project, (352)
prominent, (364)
promise, (293)
promote, (386)
prornpt, (470)
promptly, (123)
prop up, (421)
proper, (447)
prophesy, (238)
prophesy, (428)
propitiate, (251)
propose, (197)
propose, (295)
proprietor, (400)
proscribe, (212)
prosecute, (372)
prospect, (341)
prospective, (399)
prosper, (450)
prosperous, (209)
prolect, (131)
protect, (265)
protect, (321)
prove, (188)
prove, (487)
provide, (394)
province, (264)
proximity, (406)
prudent, (174)
prudert, (390)
prudent, (456)
public, (38)
pul!, (377)
punctual, (163)
punctually, (123)
punish, (347)
pre, (143)
purely, (256)
purloin, (159)
purpose, (152)
purpose, (252)
pursue, (223)
push for, (192)
push, (377)
put at risk, (321)

put at risk, (337)
put fornard, (197)

put out,(414)
put up with, (318)
put/lay the blame on, (429)
quandary, (216)
quell, (414)
quench, (414)
question, (372)
question, (409)
quick, (465)
quick, (470)
quit, (117)
quit, (206)
quit, (387)
race, (245)
race, (405)
radical, (478)
raise, (57)
rally, (437)
randorn, (148)
random, (362)
range, (264)
rank, (350)
ransom, (485)
rapid, (465)
rapid, (470)
rarely, (291)
rate, (242)
ratify, (188)
ratify, (69)
ration, (376)
rational, (390)
reach agreement, (415)
readily, (127)
really, (110)
realm, (126)
reason, (493)
reason, (496)
reasonable, (390)
reasonable, (402)
reasonable, (422)
reassure, (137)
reassure, (207)
rebuff, (279)
rebuff, (454)
rebuke, (476)

rebut, (279)
recall, (262)
receipt, (103)
reciprocal, (495)
reckless, (465)
reckor, (135)
reclusive, (286)
recognize, (262)
recoil, (189)
recollect, (262)
reconcile with, (415)
339
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
(261)
(347)
(354)
(463)
(482)
relentless, (17)
reliable, (390)
relieve, (171)
relieve, (226)
relinguish, (144)
relinguish, (387)
reconcile, (160)
relish, (311)
reconcile, (251)
record, (115)
recover, (485)
recruit, (158)
reluctantly, (127)
remarkably, (195)
remarkably, (220)
remediable, (443)
remove, (114)
redeem, (485)
red-handed, (254)
reduce, (232)
reduce, (259)
redundant, (498)
refined, (163)
(385)
refuse, (279)
refuse, (454)
refute, (487)
regain, (485)
regard, (154)
regard, (378)
regularly, (123)
regulation, (308)
re lle c t,
reinforce, (198)
reinforce, (421)
reject, (279)
reject, (454)
rejoice, (227)
rejoice, (446)
rejoice, (457)
related, (317)
related, (9)
relation, (237)
relations, (236)
relationship, (237)
relative, (237)
relatives, (236)
relaxed, (132)
release, (225)
tender, (395)
renounce, (206)
renounce, (217)
renounce, (279)
renounce, (387)
renounce, (454)
renown, (302)
rent, (211)
rent, (297)
repay, (485)
repeal, (162)
repeal, (48)
repel, (19)
replace, (460)
represent, (292)
repudiate, (241)
repudiate, (279)
repudiate, (454)
reputation, (302)
request, (177)
request, (192)
require, (248)
requirements, (51)
rescue, (347)
rescue, (485)
resentful, (290)
reide, (484)
resist, (49)
resistant, (165)
resolute, (339)
340
resolute, (85)
resource, (179)
respect, (154)
respect, (365)
respeci, (366)
respect, (380)
respectful, (210)
respire, (319)
responsibility, (226)
responsible, (167)
restlessness, (441)
restore, (459)
restrain, (275)
restrain, (300)
restrained, (422)
restrict, (212)
restrict, (300)
resul t from, (193)

result, (214)
result, (223)
result, (66)
resurne, (355)
retain, (181)
retain, (327)
retain, (374)
retain, (395)
retain, (60)
retrogress, (107)
reunite, (251)
reveal, (479)
reveal, (481)

risk, (231)
risky, (247)
roar, (452)
robbery, (70)
roomy, (382)
rot, (388)
rotate, (215)
rough, (375)
roughly, (257)
round, (126)
routine, (109)
ruddy, (113)
rudely, (257)
ruin, (445)
ruin, (482)
rule, (109)
rule, (308)
ruminate, (385)
run a risk, (131)

run through, (221)
run, (116)
run, (116)
run, (326)
run, (405)
rural, (246)
rush, (334)
revere, (365)
revere, (366)
review, (6)
rush, (405)
ruthless, (17)
ruthless, (375)
ruthlessness, (384)
sabotage, (445)
sad, (381)
sadden, (101)
safe, (180)
safe, (247)
revise, (6)
salary, (173)
revoke, (162)
salary, (312)
same, (393)
sane, (412)
sanitary, (329)
revenue, (312)
revolve, (215)
revolve, (453)
rich, (209)
ridicule, (367)
ridicule, (380)
ridicule, (417)
rift, (474)
rigid, (464)
riot, (283)
ripen, (328)
sardoncally, (71)
satisfy, (414)
savage, (314)
savagery, (384)
save, (337)
save, (347)
say for sure, (91)
341

scant, (404)
scarcely, (43)
scare, (137)
scarper, (326)
scatter, (204)
scatter, (250)
scatter, (430)
scene, (341)
scenery, (341)
schedule, (352)
scheme, (333) .
scheme, (352)
scheme, (448)
scold, (476)
score, (115)
scorn, (366)
scorn, (367)
scream, (452)
scrub, (133)
scrumptious, (178)
scrupulous, (456)
scrutiny, (98)
search, (222)
seasonably, (123)
seasoned, (499)
sedate, (287)
sedulous, (203)
seed, (258)
seemingly, (26)
seize, (267)
seize, (354)
seize, (419)
self-centred, (141)
self-centred, (461)
selfish, (141)
selfish, (274)
selfish, (461)
send, (118)
send, (181)
senseless, (396)
sensible, (390)
sensible, (402)
sensitive, (396)
sensitive, (472)
sensuous, (472)
sentimental, (472)
separate, (204)
separate, (250)
separately, (120)
serious, (201)
serious, (233)
serious, (287)
serious, (339)
service, (39)
set about, (218)
set about, (310)
set down, (106)
set free, (261)
set out teli, (411)
set out, (292)
settle, (160)
setle, (484)
severe, (233)
severe, (290)
severe, (478)
severity, (384)
sex, (403)
shake a leg, (334)
shake up, (229)
shaliowness, (95)
shape, (346)
share, (376)
Sharp, (290)
shed, (374)
shelter, (265)
shelve, (133)
shield, (265)
shirk, (383)
shock, (207)
short, (340)
shortcoming, (408)
shorten, (189)
shout, (452)
show to, (31)

show, (395)
show, (487)
shrewd, (255)
shrink, (189)
shy away, (189)
shy, (323)
sick, (157)
side, (213)
side-effect, (214)
sign up/on, (158)
342
sign, (153)
significantly, (195)
silver-tongued, (205)
similar, (317)
similar, (393)
similarity, (303)
similarily, (82)
simply, (256)
sincere, (287)
sincere, (434)
sincerely, (471)
sing out, (34)
single out, (475)
singularly, (120)
situation, (288)
size, (313)
s ize a b le , (166)
skeleton, ( 19 1 )
sketch, (191)
skill, (140)
skill, (289)
skiilful, (255)
slack, (132)
slake, (414)
slander, (169)
slapdash, (156)
slaughter, (278)
sleeplessness, (441)
slick, (205)
slightly, (220)
sink, (245)
slip, (408)
Sioppy, (132)
slothful, (203)
slow, (470)
slovvly, (123)
sluggish, (276)
sluggishly, (122)
s iy , (432)
smooth, (13)
smooth, (205)
s n ate h, (354)
s n e e r at, (367)
sneer at, (380)

sneer at, (417)
so, (130)
soak, (78)

sober, (287)
society, (126)
society, (38)
soften, (171)
soil, (353)
solely, (120)
s o le ly , (196)
solely, (86)
s o le m n , (287)
solid, (134)
solid, (464)
s o llta ry , (286)
somnolent, (276)
soon, (399)
soothe, (101)
soothe, (155)
soothe, (171)
soothe, (500)
sophisticated, (243)
s o p h is tic a te d , (499)
sorrow, (457)
o r t o u t, (30)
ort, (350)
s o u n d , (390)
sound, (402)
sp a n , (230)
s p a re , (347)
spare, (360)
s p e c ta c u la r, (351)
speculate, (231)
speedy, (465)
speedy, (470)
spell out, (369)
spell, (230)
spend, (221)
sphere, (126)
sp h e re , (264)
spill the beans, (43b,

spin, (215)
splendid, (233)
spoil, (208)
spoilt, (141)
spolt, (461)
spontaneous, (444)
s p o t, (262)
spotless, (329)
spot-on, (462)
spouse, (391)
sprightly, (349)
spring from, (193)
spring, (358)
springboard, (439)
sprinkie, (204)
Sprint, (405)
spry, (349)
spy, (61)
squander, (221)
square with, (415)
stability, (336)
stage, (213)
stain, (353)
stake, (231)
stale, (113)
stammer, (202)
stand by, (190)
stand in for, (460)
stand out, (494)
stand, (318)
stand, (413)
Standard, (322)
stardom, (302)
start, (194)
start, (218)
start, (305)
start, (492)
starting point, (439)
statement, (20)
static, (491)
stationary, (491)
status quo, (77)
stay, (326)
stay, (484)
steadily, (125)
steal, (159)
steai, (419)
steer clear of, (383)
steer, (345)
stem from, (27)

step, (138)
stereotype, (397)
sterile, (332)
stern, (287)
stiff, (464)
stiffen, (198)
343
stili, (491)
stilted, (205)
stimulate, (325)
stir, (229)
stony, (187)
stop, (136)
stop, (219)
stop, (277)
straighten out, (30)
straightforwardly, (129)
strain, (226)
strange, (296)
strange, (449)
strangeness, (301)
stray, (149)
strength, (183)
strengthen, (198)
strengthen, (421)
strew, (204)
stride, (138)
striking, (351)
strikingly, (220)
strive, (217)
strive, (270)
stroll, (138)
strong, (165)
strong, (466)
struggle for, (270)
struggle, (217)
stubborn, (185)
stubborn, (338)
stubborness, (468)
stuff, (430)
stumble, (234)
stun, (294)
stupid, (396)
stupidity, (140)
stutter, (202)
style, (121)
subcribe o, (469)
subject, (172)
subject, (409)
subrnit, (295)
submit, (395)
suborn, (224)
substance, (401)
substantial, (382)
344
substantially, (195)
substantiate, (188)
substantiate, (487)
succeed, (234)
succeed, (424)
succeed, (460)
succumb, (144)
succumb, (22)
suffer, (318)
suggest, (197)
suitable, (447)
sum, (115)
sum, (361)
summary, (340)
summary, (355)
summit, (309)
summit, (416)
summon, (299)
s uperficial, (14)
superfluous, (344)
superfluous, (360)
superiority, (303)
supersede, (460)
superstition, (440)
supplant, (460)
supplement, (183)
supply, (394)
support, (190)
support, (198)
support, (275)
support, (325)
support, (394)
support, (469)
support, (487)
support, (84)
suppose, (135)
suppress, (316)
suppress, (369)
suppress, (414)
surface, (14)
surgeon, (102)
surmise, (135)
surmise, (222)
surmount, (22)
surpass, (200)
surplus, (360)
surprise, (294)

surrender, (144)
surrerder, (387)
surrender, (485)
surrender, (88)
susceptible, (167)
swear, (293)
sweep, (427)
svveet, (290)
swift, (465)
swift, (470)
syllabus, (355)
sympathize, (446)
sympathize, (497)
syndicate, (104)
synonymous, (317)
synopsis, (355)
taciturn, (284)
tackle, (310)
take a deep breath, (319)
take a deep sniff, (319)
take advantage of, (267)
take in, (282)
take in, (324)
take notice of, (378)
take off, (33)

take out a loan, (297)
take out, (114)
take the place of, (460)
take to your heels, (326)
take, (159)
take, (318)
talent, (140)
talent, (289)
talkative, (284)
tally, (115)
tamer, (249)
target, (152)
target, (252)
tarnish, (353)
tarry, (356)
tasteless, (178)
tasty, (178)
tasty, (281)
taunt, (367)
taunt, (417)
teach, (370)
teach, (371)

tease, (367)
tease, (380)
tease, (417)
tedious, (113)
tedious, (396)
teli, (369)
teli, (436)
temperate, (422)
tempestuous, (320)
tempting, (281)
tenaciously, (128)
te n a c ity , (468)
tender, (187)
tender, (295)
345
through, (272)
throvv away, (374)
throw out, (114)
throw out, (197)
thus, (130)
tidy, (427)
tie, (280)
tie, (32)
tight, (132)
tiny, (16)
tiny, (166)
tiny, (382)
tiny, (442)
tip, (153)
tender, (407)
tiptoe, (44)
tender, (472)
tense, (108)
terminate, (305)
terminate, (306)
terminate, (368)
terrible, (233)
terrify, (137)
terrify, (184)
terrify, (207)
territory, (264)
terse, (340)
tired, (276)
tireless, (203)
testimony, (20)
theft, (70)
topic, (74)
torment, (307)
torture, (307)
toss out, (197)
total, (115)
totaliy, (105)
totally, (256)
tough, (407)
tough, (464)
tow, (377)
town, (246)
town, (298)
trade, (119)
traduce, (169)
train, (371)
trained, (499)
transient, (76)
translate, (395)
transmit, (118)
transmit, (181)
transpire, (194)
theme, (409)
thereby, (130)
therefore, (130)
thick, (315)
thieve, (159)
thin, (315)
thing, (409)
thing, (467)
think about, (385)
think highly of, (154)
think of nobody but yourself, (461)
thoughtless, (465)
threaten, (131)
threaten, (184)
threaten, (337)
thrifty, (255)
thrifty, (373)
thrilled, (379)
thrive, (450)
to be bound to start, (45)

to be sure to start, (45)
to be upset, (101)
to build up, (107)
tolerate, (318)
toothsome, (281)
top, (309)
top, (416)
topic, (409)
346
transport, (118)
transport, (377)
treacherous, (247)
tread, (138)
treatable, (443)
treaty, (389)
trick, (282)
trickery, (176)
rip up, (486)
trivial, (111)
trivial, (431)
trouble, (101)
trouble, (226)
trouble, (229)
true, (11)
trully, (110)
trun up, (481)
truss up, (280)
trust, (28)
trutful, (434)
truthfully, (471)
try, (310)
turbulert, (320)
turn away, (139)
turn down, (279)
turn down, (454)
turn, (215)
two weeks, (398)
ultimate, (199)
unanimously, (291)
unbalance, (336)
unbeatable, (147)
unburden, (479)
uncanny, (296)
uncompromising, (185)
uncompromising, (338)
unconsciously, (75)
uncover, (481)
underprivileged, (142)
understand, (324)
understanding, (342)
undertake, (293)
undertake, (310)
urtdo, (482)
undue, (344)
unearth, (481)
unearthly, (296)
uneasy, (108)
uneconomicat, (404)
unemotional, (472)
unemployed, (498)
uneven, (13)
unfair, (343)
unfaithful, (247)
unfavourably, (124)
unfeeling, (187)
unhapp, (240)
unhappy, (381)
unilateral, (495)
unimaginative, (8)
uninspired, (8)
uninterrupted, (134)
unjust, (343)
unkind, (163)
unknovvn, (364)
unleash, (261)
unnecessarily, (483)
unnecessary, (344)
unnecessary, (360)
unreasonable, (390)
unsophisticated, (499)
unsound, (402)
unsuitable, (15)
untie, (32)
untie, (482)
untouched, (143)
unusual, (449)
uphold, (190)
uplift, (57)
upright, (434)
upset, (500)
urban, (246)
urge, (325)
urge, (421)
urge, (435)
urge, (473)
use, (161)
useless, (111)
usher, (345)
unduly, (344)
usually, (291)
utmost, (199)
unduly, (483)
utter, (97)

utterly, (105)
vacant, (10)
vacate, (327)
vacillate, (202)
vague, (132)
valiant, (273)
valuable, (111)
valuation, (170)
valueless, (111)
vandal, (423)
various, (243)
vast, (16)
vast, (166)
venerate, (365)
venerate, (366)
venture, (321)
verdict, (480)
verify, (188)
verify, (222)
verify, (239)
verify, (487)
verify, (64)
versatile, (15)
verve, (145)
veteran, (174)
Via, (272)
vicinity, (406)
vicious, (314)
vicious, (375)
vicious, (423)
victimize, (307)
vie, (270)
view, (341)
vigorously, (122)
viiify, (169)
viilage, (298)
vindicafe, (429)
violate, (271)
violate, (359)
vioient, (423)
violent, (478)
Vision, (266)
vital, (431)
voiuble, (284)
voluntarily, (127)
votuntary, (444)
vote, (475)
vow, (293)
vulgar, (375)
vulnerable, (147)
wage, (173)
wage, (312)
wager, (231)
waive, (192)
wakefulness, (441)
walk away with, (354)
walk, (138)
wander, (149)
wane, (182)
want, (4)
ward-off, (139)
warm, (473)
vvarranty, (285)
wary, (456)
wash, (427)
waste away, (388)
waste ful, (404)
vvasteful, (373)
watchful, (456)
waver, (202)
waver, (413)
weak, (466)
weaken, (146)
weaken, (198)
vveaken, (421)
wealth, (4)
weaithy, (12)
vvealthy, (209)
weigh, (385)
weird, (296)
weird, (449)
weirdness, (301)
we!come, (311)
weli off, (209)
well-off, (12)
well-to~do, (209)
vvhirl, (215)
whisper, (452)
whisper, (490)
whole, (72)
wholly, (105)
wholly, (256)
wife, (391)
vvild, (423)
348
vvilling, (444)
willing, (477)
willingly, (127)
willingly, (128)
wily, (432)
wipe out, (306)
wipe out, (420)
wipe out, (459)
wipe, (427)
wise, (174)
wise, (390)
wither, (24)
withhold, (376)
withhold, (394)
withhold, (455)
witty, (489)
vvonderful, (351)

wordly, (499)
work, (116)
vvorm, (245)
worry, (101)
worry, (500)
worsen, (388)
vvorship, (365)
worship, (366)
worthless, (111)
wreck, (445)
wreck, (459)
wrestle, (217)
vvrong, (180)
yeli, (452)
yield to, (29)
yield, (144)
zeal, (145)
ngilizce - srke
Kelime EZBERLETEN
Kurgusal Szlk
DS, YDS KFDS ve TOEFL
inasi BADEMCOLU
ALFA'
Alfa Yaynlan 1376

Szlk 50
ngilizce - Trke
Kelime EZBERLETEN Kurgusal Szlk
inasi Bademciolu
1. Basm: Ekim 2003

2. Basm: Aralk 2004
ISBN: 975-297-396-5
Yaync ve Genel Yayn Ynetmeni M. Faruk Bayrak

Yayn Koordinatr ve Editr Rana Grtuna
Pazarlama ve Sat Miidrii Vedat Bayrak
Resimleyen Yener akmak
2003. ALFA Basn Yaym Datm Ltd. ti.
Kitabn tm yayn haklan Alfa Basm Yaym Dalm Ltd. ii. 'ne aittir
Yaynevinden yazl izin alnmadan ksmen ya da tamamen alnt yaplamaz,
hibir ekilde kopya edilemez, oaltlamaz ve yaymlanamaz
Alfa Basm Yaym Datm Ltd. ti.

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Tel: (212) 511 53 03 - 513 87 51 - 512 30 46 Faks:(212) 519 33 00
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iftehavuzlar Yolu Acar Sanayi Sitesi No: 8 Bayrampaa - stanbul
Tel: (212) 674 97 23 Faks: (212) 674 97 29
nsz
Yeni bir anlayn szl
Szlkler, vazgeilmez bavuru kaynadr.
Yalnz ana dilimiz asndan deil, bir yabanc dil asndan da nem tar.
Hele yabanc dil szlkleri, yalnz bir kelimenin karln vermekle yetinirler
se. o dilin renilmesi konusunda eksik kalrlar.
nemli olan o dilin lezzetini, esprisini szle yklemektir.
nk bu tr bir szlk belleimizde kalr, bylece de o dili daha abuk, daha
doru, daha gzel renmemizi salar.
inasi BADEMCOLU'nun bu szl, modern anlayn bir ok ynlerini
kendinde toplayan, yeni szlk anlayn yanstan bir almadr.
Sadece kelimeleri, kavramlar deil onun ardndaki
daklarnzdan umadan reneceksiniz.
dnceyi
de. glmseme du
Sanrm bu anlaytaki szlk almalarn inasi BADEMCOGLL srdrecek

tir.
nk bu szlkten dili renmenin zevkine varanlarn sass her yeni gn biraz
daha artacaktr.
D odan H IZ L A N
IX
"No species of music eurrent in his time as ief't untouched by MOZART,

noe is ithout a matchiess eontribution t'rom his pe."
kinci Cilde nsz

Bir yabanc dili renirken karlalan zorluklarn banda kelime renme gel
mektedir, ngilizce gibi szck daarc son derece zengin olan bir dil iin bu durum
daha da nem tamaktadr. Soruna zm getirmek amacyla hazrlanan KELME EZ
BERLETEN KURGUSAL SZLN okuyuculardan grd ilgi son derece
olumlu. Zaten bir yazarn amac da bu deil midir9 kinci cildi yazmay dnmeye
baladmda, szlerden bu konuyla ilgili pek ok e-mail aldm. Yaklak bir buuk yl
sren alma sonucunda ortaya kan KELME EZBERLETEN KURGUSAL SZ
LN KNC CLD format olarak ayn. .Ancak baz farkllklarda yok deil. r
nein: synonvm (e anlaml ya da anlamca benzer) szck says 1,ci ciltte ortalama al
t iken. 2.ci ciltte bu say SEKZE kt. Temel olarak alman szcklerin birden fazla
anlam varsa, bunlar rnek cmlelerde ayrca gsterildi. Szgelimi: APPEAL kelime
si:
1)
rica etmek, yalvarmak 2) yardm dilemek 3) temyiz etmek 4) ilgisini ekm
gibi drt ayr anlama sahiptir.
imdi srasyla bu anlamlan ngilizce cmlelerde grelim:
1) The government is appealing to everyone to save \vater.

2) They are appealing for clothes and blankets to senti off to the earthqake vi
tim.-.
3) I inted to appeal against l is serilence.
4 i Does the idea ol orking abroa appeal (t o vou L
Kitapta blm sonlarnda verilen altrmalar dnda SEKZ ADET Revisio

Test ilave edildi. Kurgusal Szlk H'de 26K0 kelime ver almaktadr, i.ci ciltteki
3350 kelimeyle beraber toplam say: 6000 etmektedir.
Karikatr sanats Yener AKMAK. KELME EZBERLETEN KURGUSAL
SZLN her iki cildi iin yazdn senaryolara uygun olarak 750 karikatr b
yk bir sabr ve titizlik gstererek izdi. Yener AKMAK olmasayd bu proje gereklemezdi. Kendisine derin bir teekkr borluyum . Ayrca katklaryla bana g
seren, dostluuyla yllara adeta meydan okuyan sevgili Ali BAYLKEN'i burada
anmama:/lk edemezdim
i ik is i BADEMCOGLU
.Austos 27/2003
STANBUL
XI
77 ere
s n o
sch t l i n y
us u m a ru l o ru n
im m o r
b o o k .
B o o k s
u ra
v . e ll \ \ r itie n
o r.
i m d i y \ v r i t t c n . T h u t 's l i
Osear WILDE
-N o
o n c w i II g u i n s u y m c w h e n
/ say.
T n ly
G U S T A
V M AHLER
w u s
h c
em
e si c o m p o s e rl
Arnold SCHOENBERG
Balarken
KELME EZBERLETEN KURGUSAL SZLK TOEFL. KPDS. YDS. DS
ve benzeri snavlarda sklkla karlalan ABUK UNUTULAN (soyut) kelimeler
den oluturulmutur.
KURGUSAL SZLN dier szlklerden FARKI nedir? 12 FARKLI E
KLDE TEKRAR. Temel olarak alnan kelimeler iin aklda kalmay kolaylatran k
sa bir HATIRLATICI SENARYO yazlmtr.
Bu senaryo ile ilgili ayrca bir KARKATR izilmitir,
o
2
Kelimenin KEND ANLAMI. EANLAMI. ZIT ANLAMI iin RNEK CM3
4
5
6
LELER verilmitir.
Her 25 kelime sonras bu Jteljnejer iin genel bir hatrl a tma n n_ardndan 5 ayr
7
altrma verilmitir.
8) -IND THE RIGHT WORD ALIMASI
9) SYNONYM ALIMASI
10) ANTONYM ALIMASI
1 1) VOCABULARY ALIMASI
12)
WORD FORMATION ALIMASI
Bylece H BR SZLKTE bulunmayan 5 AYRI ALITIRMA ile birlikte

toplam 12 AYRI EKLDE bir kelimeyi TEKRARLAMA imkn domaktadr.
Bu szl NASIL ALIACAKSINIZ?
1) Senaryolar birka kez okuyun.
2) Senaryolarla ilgili olarak izilen karikatrlerle balant kurun.
3) Kelimenin kendi anlam, eanlam ve zt anlam ile ilgili rnek cmleleri iyice
incelevin. Kelimenin cmle iinde nasl kullanldm renin.
XI I
4) Her 2? kelimeden sonra verilen (ekran mutlaka apn..

5 En sonra da altrmalara gein.
KELMELER SZ EDLEN EKLDE ALIMADAN ASLA ALITIR
MALARA GEMEYN!
Senaryo almas Nedir?

Bilindii gibi insan beyni sa ve sol olmak zere iki lobta olumutur. Sol lobun
grevi matematik, fizik gibi fen bilimlerinde devreye girmektedir. Sa ksm ise sa
natsal faaliyetlerde kullanlmaktadr. Edebiyat, plastik sanatlar ve mzik gibi daha
ok hayal gcnn kullanlmasn gerektiren alanlarda iimize yaramaktadr.
SENARYO ALIMALARINDAK AMA BEYNN HER K TARAFINI DA
KOORDNEL OLARAK KULLANMAKTIR, Hemen hemen herkes talya'nn ha
ritasn izebildii halde. Tanzanya'nn haritasn izemez. nk talya "izme"vi
andrr, Tanzanya'nn byle bir benzetilme ans oktur. talya rneinde devreye
sa lob girdiinden i kolaylamtr. Benim amacm da bu koordinasyonu senaryo
lardaki eitli benzetmelerle hatrlatmay salamaktr. Somut szckler hemen re
nilen szcklerdir. Her renci TEACHER. CHAIR vs. gibi kelimeleri hemen re
nip bir daha unutmazken. SOYUT bir szck olan ENROLL kelimesini abucak
renemez. Gelin simdi bu szc senaryo almasyla beynimizin her iki lobunu
kullanarak renelim.
"stanbul Tiyatro Kulb EN iyi ROL yapan EROL' (enroll) YELE KA
BUL ETT,"
enroll; ii el ie kabul etmek
RNEKTE DE GRLD GB "ENROLL" KELMESNN "N" HARF
N BR AN N YOK FARZ EDEREK. SANK "EROL" GB ALGILAYACAK
HALE GETRDK. KELME "YELE KABUL ETMEK" ANLAMINA GELD
N DE HAYAL BR TYATRO KULB OLUTURDUK. YAPTIIMIZ
TM LEM BUNDAN BARET. BYLECE BEYNN SA LOBU DA DEVRE
YE GREREK. SOYUT BR SZCK OLAN ENROLL KELMES KALICI HA
FIZAYA YERLEM OLDU,
Bu szln ilk taslaklarnn hazrlanmasndan bitinceye kadar geen 4 yl bo
yunca bana verdii sonsuz destek iin annem PERHAN CBOZAN'a ne kadar te
ekkr etsem azdr.
Dizgi ilemleri srasnda en az benim kadar titizlik gsteren sayn Hlya FIRAT'a
teekkr etmeyi bir bor olarak addediyorum.
imisi BADEMCOLU
ubat 2002. stanbul
BALANGI N DENEME TEST
XIV
f'atique (ltig : yormak. yorgunluk vermek; bitkinlik: zahmet

FITIK ameliyat sonras hasla: "FITIK beni
(fatique) ok'YORDU, bana YORGUNLUK
VERD" der
eke out (k aut) : ilave etmek, eklemek; glkle geinmek

Mae bittiinde, orta hakem yazd raporda:
"LK AUT atn da (eke out) LAVE EDER
SEK. EKLERSEK toplam 12 aut at oklu"
der
gingerly (cin'crli) : byk bir dikkatle, yavaa

Doum gn iin hazrlanan NCRL pastay
olunun dikkatsizce tadn gren anne:
"Yavrum o pasta NCRL (gingerly) BYK
BR DKKATLE. YAVAA U" der.
\ U l l i11 / /
M K
XV
607
sue ,sul
: da\a amak
Akl hastasn SU ile konuurken uore dok

toru. nedenini sorunca: hasta: "SUya (sue
DAVA AMAK istiyorum" der.
barter (bartr) : dei toku (etmek), takas (yapmak)

ini deitirmek isteyen BAR sahibi. BAR
satp TR la (barter) DE TOKU EDER
TAKAS YAPAR.
compromise (kan' prmayz) : uzlama, uuma: uzlatrmak

Yeni eleman PRM AZ diye ii brakmak iste
yince. patron: "COME PRM AZ bunu ben de
biliorum (compromise) UZLAMA. UYU
MA salarz die onu ikna etmeye alr.
XVI
trash (trii.)
p; sama, zrva: deersiz ey
rak bo konumaya devam edince, ustas:

"Hadi TRA Kes! (trash) u Pleri topla!
SAMAlamay brak!" der
742
aPt ' tude (p'ttud) : yetenek, kabili)et
Abdi: retmenim ben o ipi tutamam!

Beden retmeni: ABD TUT! (aptitude) sen
de YETENEK. KABLYET var. Kendine
hakszlk etme!
737
nauht.v (n'ti) : yaramaz, haylaz
Veli: Olumun son snavda ald NOT iyi mi?

retmen: NOT iyi. Ama snfta (naughty)
YARAMAZ. HAYLAZ bir renci
71
fruitful (Trut'fl) : verimli
ngiliz kabzmal anlama yapmak iin dolat

meyve bahelerinden birini ok beenince:
"FRUT FULL btn aalar meyve dolu,
(fruitful) Ne kadar da VERML!
Sahibiyle derhal anlamalym" diye sevinir.
,wiii
TEST: Aadaki ngilizce szcklerin karsna Trke anlamlarn yaznz..
fatique (ftig'I
eke out (k aut)
gingerlv (cincrli)
sue (su)
barter (b a r ' t r )
co i n p r o m i se (k a m ' p r m a y z )
trash (tra)
ap titu d e (ap'ttud)
nau gh t (n ti)
f ru itfu l ( f r u t fl)
C E V A P L A R IN IZ I K O N T R O L
E D N
te senaryo teknii ve karikatrler yardm ile yabanc soyut szckleri

gayet kolay bir ekilde hatrladnz gryorsunuz. Hi kukusuz ilk dene
mede tm yantlarn doru olmas beklenemez. nce yukarda szn etti
imiz senaryo tekniinin mantn kavramanz gerekmektedir. Senaryolarda
verilen ipularn dikkatle deerlendirmeniz ve karikatrlerle balantlar kur
manz sayesinde ngilizce'deki SOYUT ANLAMLI SZCKLER OK
RAHAT bir ekilde reneceksiniz.
Kelini,c [:~hcrlcUii Km ^ usliI Szlk
oppress Opres") : bask yapmak: yormak: zulmetmek

oppress = subdue. subjugate. crush. sppress. <>\envhelm. o\erpo\ver. tyrannize
oppress x free : serbest brakmak
Yldzlar bir trl barmayan iki sinema sanats aralarnda tartrken, biri dierine: "BAS
KI YAPMAK iin (oppress) OOO PRESS mi kullanyorsun?" diye sylenir,
press: basn
For years now. the people have been oppressed by a

ruthless dictato.
He criticized the school tor trying to subdue individua!
expression.
They vvondered vvhere Mitler vvould urn when he had
subjugated Europe,
The president called upon the army to help crush the
rebellion,
The Hungarian uprising in 1956 was suppressed by the
Soviet Union.
Government troops have ovenvhelmed the rebels.
She was completely overpov/ered by the two men who
atacked her
He was one ot those school bullies who tyrannized the
whole playground.
ilhan freed the bird trom its cage.
morbid (nr'bd) : hastalkl: bozuk, ruhsal adan salkl olmayan
morbid = unhealthv, sick, diseased, un\vell, ilk off-colour, groggy
morbid x healthy : salkl
BT aratrmas yapan bir uzman aklamasnda: "Bunlar MOR BT (morbid) HASTALIKLI
bir trdr" der.
He was a morbid individual, always talking about

strange and horrible murders
Dont lets get too morbid.
They eat a lot of unhealihy iood.
Cindy is very sick.
Her liver was too diseased to iunction properiy.
He has been teeling unvvell tor a while novv.
"You are too ili to get out of the bedT he said
She v/as too off-colour to go to school.
I was groggy for two weeks.
Healthy children have lots oi energy.
.fTi) gauge (jgeyc) : lmek; tartm ak , tahm in etmek

'
J
gauge = measure, weigh, determine, evaluate. estimate, ceck, calculate,

appraise, judge, assess
Geliim andaki ocuklarn boylarn LEN ve TARTAN uzman doktor, akac bir ocu
u tekrar karsnda grnce: "Olum sen GE!!! (gauge) seni LTM, TARTTIM ya! di
ye sylenir.
A nermometer gauges the ternperaure,

Rana gauged the height of the tunnel with her eyes.
Can you gauge what her reaction is likely to be?
The men measured the fence.
He weighed the ideas in his mind.
We should first try to determine how much it is going to
cost.
Artisiic talent is extremely diniculi to evaluate.
t was difficult to estimate the cost ot building a new one.
He looked for a clock to check the time.
The scientists calculated when the spacecraft would
reach the moon
She took a moment to appraise the situation before
deciding hovv to act
As a vvriter, she is difficult to assess.
dizzy (dzi) : ban d n d rm ek , sersemletm ek; dncesiz, dikkatsiz
dizzy = confuse, bevvilder, daze, befuddle, baffle; foolish, silly
dizzy x reiiable : gvenilir
DZnden amelivat olan bir futbolcu: "DZmin ars (dizzv) BASIMI DNDRYOR, beni
adeta SERSEMLETYOR!" diye ikyet eder.
They had been dizzied by the pace of technological

change.
She sarted to feel dizzy and had to iie down.
His sudden change in mood compleiely confused her.
A new environment can bewilder and frighten a child.
The collision dazed me for a while. but I soon recoverea.
They never tnough that seniliy could ever befuddle
their senses.
The disappearance of the suspeci baffled the polie.
That was a foolish ihing to do.
He gave a silly ansvver.
He is such a reiiable friend I know he vvill keep his
oromise.

pluckv (plAki) : yrekli, yiit, cesur
plucky = courageous, brave, valiant. bolci, heroic, fearless, daring
pluckv x cowardlv : korkak
Mzik eletirmenleri en son kan bir PLAK hakknda eletiri yaparlarken: "Bu PLAK Y
(plucky) iindeki arklar bestelemek iin YREKL, CESUR olmak lazm diye gr bil
dirirler.
The dog was rescued from the river by two plucky kids.
But for the actions of a few courageous individuals, we
might ali have died.
We must remember the thousands of brave men and
wornen who died for freedom.
Despite their valiant efforts, doctors were unable to save
the child's life,
Gustav MAHLER was one of the boidest and most innovative composers of his day.
Amy Johnson is famous for her heroic solo flight from
Britain to Australia in 1930.
Sanem was a fearless and outspoken woman who condemned ali violence.
He would often do very foolish things just to prove how
daring he was
They are guilty of a cowardly failure to address the prob
lem.
spark (spark) : harekete geirmek, tevik etmek, kkrtmak
spark = stimulate, activate, kindle, animate, ispire, start, excite
Uzay yolu adl dizideki rol ile Mr. SPAK ocuklardaki uzay merakn (spark) HAREKETE
GERD, TEVK ETT.
The speaker's aim was to spark the reformers nto action (=cause them to act).
The government plans to cut taxes in order to stimulate
the economy.
The alarm is activated by the lightest pressure.
Her imagination was kindled (= started to work) by the
exciting stories her grandmother told her.
An identical expression of amusement animated their
faces.
Captain Scotts example inspired them to reach the So
uth Pole on foot.
They started building the house in June.
The thought of their holiday excited them greatly.
4
jrfT f
kelime Ezberleten kurenycu kozluk

ralh (ral'i : can land rm ak . dzene irmek: iyilemeye \iiz tutmak
rlly = reeo\er, recuperate. perk up. revive. inprove. get better. puil through.
lirin through
ra iiy \ vvorsen : ktle! tirlmek
Formula i RALL varlar bir lkenin turizmini (rally

CANLANDIRMAK iin gereklidir.
The nurse said my mother had rallied after a poor nighi.

t took her a long vvhile io recover after her heart operation
He went to he mountains to recuperate (his strengh).
You need a holiday to perk you up.
My plants revived as soon as I gave them a little vvater.
He did a lot to improve conditions for factory vvorkers
The first part ot he book is pretty boring but it gets bet
ler as he sory goes on.
For some weeks we vvondered if Mother would pul! thro
ugh her illness.
The doctor brought my father through a serious illness.
The situation has vvorsened.
define (difajn'l : tarif etmek: snrlamak, tay in etmek
define = deseribe, explain, spell out. specify, delineate. outline, limit, restrict
"DEFNE nasl bulunur?" diye bir soru sorulunca konunun uzman: "DEFNE bulmak m
(define) bu ii TARF ETMEK; SINIRLAMAK hite kolay deil" der.
t is impossible to define (= knovv and State) exac!ly
what makes him so attractive.
Your role in his project will be strictly defined (= limited
to particuiar areas).
He deseribed he painting in deail
The teacher explained he rules to he teacner,
Please spell out what you mean. I don t auie unaersand
She did not specify reasons for resigning.
A good manager should be abie to delineate tasks n a
strucured vvay.
AH BAYLKEN outlined heir responsibilities.
1shall limit my discussion to an analysis of the sales figures.
Journallsts should try to restrict themselves to reporting
fairly and honestly what has reaiiy happened.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Sbzliik
SOS
o\erstate (ovrsteyt' : abartmak

<n erstate = overestimate. overemphasi/.e. exapjerate. magnify, inflate. o\erd<>.
overrate
o\erstate x understate : olduundan eksik \eya hafif'gstermek
Arkadann fikrine katlmayan Ali: "Senin sylediin devlet st bir ey VER STATE
(overstate olay amma da ABARTIYORSUN.'" diye sylenir.
Some residents said that the dangers had been overstated. until one ol the children was actually killed in
the wooas
1think you are overestimating his abilities.
The report overemphasizes the role of eacher. Children
also learn rom their parents and from each other.
1have told you a million times not to exaggerate.
The importance of his remark has been magnified out of
ali proportion
The numbers attending the rally vvere inflated by the
press
Be friendly vvith her. but don t overdo it. She miaht ge
the vvrong idea.
Some people adored Elvis Presi ey, but I think people
overrate him.
She believes the search understates the amount of discrimination vvomen suffer.
510
decoy (dikoy) : tehlikeye atmak, tuzaa drmek

decov = lre, attrack, entice, tenpt, seduce. ensnare, etrap
Heykel almas yapan renciye, retmeni: "Heykelini TEHLKEYE ATMAK istemiyor

san (decoy) ta DK OY"' diye onu uyarr.
They decoyed him into a dark Street, vvhere they robbed

him
Ever since I left the company they have been making
attemps to lure me back.
VVnat attracis me to the job is the high saiary and the
responsibility of foreign travei.
A smeil of coffee in the doorvvay enices people io enfer
the shop.
The Parisian shops have fhings o fernp e v e n t h e
stronges of vvills
TV advertisements seduce people into buying a particular kind of chocolate bar, vvashing pov/der or car.
Spiders ensnare flies and othe insecfs in their webs.
The story centers around a man who hires a defecive
to entrap his unfaifhful wife.
oficious (fls) : igzar, her' eye karan

ofTicios = im portunate, interfering. neddiesome. intrusive, pushv
Yeni atand OFS denetleyen mdr: "Bu OFSin leri (officious) birka GZAR tara
fndan m yrtlyor." diye arp kalr
He is an oficious litlie man and widely disliked in the

company.
mportunate admirers had biocked the entrance o the
hotel in their efforts o catch a glimpse of the film
star.
He is an interfering old busybody - i's none of his business!
We have very meddlesome neighbors, who always
want to knovv what we are doing.
The viciims were subjected to intrusive questioning
about their private lives.
He only got promoted because he is so pushy
e a rm a rk (r'm a r k ) : ayrm ak, tahsis etmek, bir yana koymak
earnark = set aside, put avvay, reserve, lav by, put aside, keep in reserve. lav
aside
Yeni kurduu iftliine sr almak isteyen George: "u KULAINDA MARKa olanlar (ear
mark) bammAYIRIN, TAHSS EDN" der.
Five billion dollars of tfis year's buaget is already earmarked for hospital improvements.
I have set aside the vvhole vveekend for househunting
I have a little money put avvay for a rainy day (= a time
when money wili be needed).
You may just vvani to put something avvay for a rainy
day.
I reserve Mondays for tidying my desk and ansvvering
letters,
I have got some savings laid by for my old age.
VVhatever is ieft should be put aside and kepi for tomorrow.
They sold half their produce at the market and kept the
rest in reserve for vvinter.
Shed managed to lay aside a few pounds out of her
wages each week
kelime Ezberleten kurgusal Szlk
curse (kiri : lanet (etmek), beddua (etmek)

curse = swear. damn
curse x bless : kutsamak
kmale kald iin yaz KURSuna giden olunun: "LANET OLSUN! keke alsaydm!" de
diini duyan annesi: "LANET ETMEY brak! (curse) KURSa ge kalmamalsn!" der.
He cursed violently when he broke the glass bovvl.

When he taxi driver started to swear at him, he vvalkea
off.
Damn Peter - he has borrovved my bike without asking
and I need it.
The priest blessed the new ship.
iitr'M
,LW -
neek (mk) : sakin, uysal: alak gnll

meek = patient, mild, gentle, modest, humble, docile, self - effacing
meek x proud : gururlu
nl izgi film kahraman MKi nin (meek) SAKN. UYSAL ve ALAK GNLL oklu
unu dnn.
The boy was so meek that he obeyed ali the unfair

orders we gave him.
Dinner will be ready in halt an hour - just be patient!
She has inherited my husbands milder nature, lm glad
to say.
Her uncle was a tali, gentle, scholarly man
We were surprised at the modest behavior of such a
famous actress,
She vvas too humble to try ou for a par in the elass.
The prisoners vvere gratefui and docile.
She vvas so seli - effacing no-one even noticed she vvas
there.
He vvas a poor but very poud old man.
kelime Ezberleten kurgusal Szlk

dodge ulac : bir \ a n a kam ak; atlatm ak; -den bir u m a kap k u rtu lm ak
dodge = evade, elude. avoid, slirk. hedge. p arry . fend off. escape
dodge \ face : _\z yze gelmek
Bir zanly takip eden gvenlik grevlisi: 'Altmdaki araba DODGE (dodge'l BR YAKA KA
AMAZ, beni ATLATA.V1AZ. Nasl oksa onu vakalarm" der.
The minister dodged (= avoided ansvvering) almost ali
the questions that were put to her.
He was never a person who evaded responsibility or
duty.
He eluded the polie by fleeing to France.
I try to avoid supermarkets on Saturdays - they are
alvvays so busy.
The president has said that the country vvill not shirk the
use of military force. should it be necessary.
Stop nedging and teli me vvhat you really think.
Predictably ihe president parried esquires about the
arms scanda!
Somehovv Ali managed to fend off the awkward questions.
She was lucky to escape serious injury,
We face/are faced vvith financiai penalties.
51e
soil (soyl) : kirletmek, kirlenmek, lekele(n)mek

soil = tarnisl, blacken, stain, blemish, dirty, pollute, besmirch, defile, get
something dirty
soil x elean ; temizletn)mek
Gnete yanan derisini SOYan olunu gren annesi: "Olum derini SOYup durma! (Soil) et
raf KRLETME" diye onu uyarr.
The baby has soiled his diaper again.
Cfrome doesn'i tarnish easily.
The smoke had blackened the white wa!!s of the
kitehen
His teeth were stained vvith nicotine from years of smoking
His reputation was biemished by a nevvspaper article
alleging he had evaded his taxes.
You can borrovv my gioves. but please try not to dirty
them,
We vvon't inves in any company that poilutes ne environmen.
His jealous brother besmirehed him in front of a iarge
group of his coeagues.
t is a shame that such a beautiful area has been defiied
by a rubbish dump
Children iike o ge themselves really dirty sometimes.
You should alvvays elean your teeth after meais.
Kelime Ezberleten Kmma! Szlk
freak (f'rikl : acayiplik, tuhaflk; m erak, k u ru n tu

freak = abnorrnality, oddity. defonnity. curiosity. faney. otion
freak \ nornalitv : norm allik
FRKK, atm beenmeyen hakem: ''Demin ki FRKK atnda t freak bir ACAYPLK var
d. Batan atlmal" diye dnr.
By some sirange freak. a litle snow ell in the middle of
he summer.
She has been a jazz feak ever since she weni to New
Orleans.
The tests will show ii there is any abnorrnality in your
nervous System
Even today a man who stays at home to look after the
children is regarded as something of an oddity.
Deformity of fingernails and toenails was common
among people who drank the polluied vvater.
"We try to develop the natural curiosity of each child."
said the teacher.
Where did he get this faney for pineapples?
Have you any notion hovv much it cosls to keep a dog?
The children soon settled down nce normality was
reestablished.
steer (str) : idare etmek, ynetmek

steer = conduct, lead, direct, control, nanage, guide, rn, gvem
se almav dnd veni eleman iin, insan kasmaklar mdr: "YNETM STL ivi ade
t (steer) DARE ETMEK. YNETMEK iin yaratlm der.
The pilot steered the plane on to the runvvay.
He steered the conversaiion away from the subject of
money.
The experimenis vvere conducted by scieniss in sian' bul
! think we have chosen the right person to lead the expedition.
Out elass teacher will direct the school piay this year.
The teacher had to control a large group of children on
he excursion to the zoo.
The young siockman cannot manage the catte on his
own.
Don't allovv yourself to be guied by your emotions.
My parents ru n a smail printing business.
Public opinion governed the committees decision to
stop the project.
10
highly (hayli) : ok, pek ok

highly = greatly, very, extremely, immenselv, vastly. enormously. tremendo
usly. supremely
Yeni futbolcuyu izleyen antranr: "Bu gen yetenek HAYL baarl. Hatta (highly) OK ba
arl da diyebiliriz" der.
The company's new produets have been highly proftable.
K. Atilla greatly admires his grandmother.
Before the interview B. ilhan was extremely nervous.
I am extremely sorry I wasnt here to meet you.
He's an immensely arrogant man.
Technology has vastly improved in recent years.
The amoun of vvork has inereased enormously.
The film is tremendously exciting.
S. Mustafa plays the violin supremely weli.
'M, <y r-, /jWo
<Y
) '
T?
terrific (trfk) : korkun, dehetli, dehet verici: fevkalade, ok gzel, fecaat

terrific = extreme, intense, tremendous, great, excellent, superb, marvellous,
vvonderful
terrific x ordinary : sradan
Sibel: "Olum, neden ge kaldn?" diye sorunca. Kerem: Anne TRAFK (terrific) KORKUNtu diye yant verir.
His latest song is terrific.
She won a terrific amount of money at the casino.
Extreme cold can vvake a hibernating animal.
Because of the intense heat, 1slept very liftle that night.
This rocket travels at a tremendous speed.
The shovv was a great success.
Thats an excelient ideal
The room affords a superb view aeross the bay.
What marvelous weather!
We are having a wonderful time.
Visiting old people is part of her ordinary routine.

c m
inane (neyn'l : bo, anlamsz; budala, ah m ak , aptal

1 jnane _ foolish, sil!y. stupid, fatuous, senseless, idiotic. abs rd, frivolous, empty
inane x sensible : makul, akla uygun
Kars, Anne Mary 16. kattaki camlar bayram temizlii iin silmeye kalknca, George: "Ora
dan N ANNE (inane) bir APTALlk yapma diye onu uyarr.
I was becomirg fried of t h e giri' inane cbatter.
We vvere foolish to buy such an expensive house.
After a vvhile their silly behavior began o annoy me.
Sit down and stop making ihat stupid noise!
t was a plainly fatuous daim - everyone knows the
economy is in decline.
t is a senseless argument, because homelessness is
not usually based on choice.
Hovv idiotic of them to get so worried about nothing.
It's absrd - they wan me to drive six hours for a twenty minute meeting.
A irivolous attitude vvont help you in this profession
He says his life was been empty (= vvithout purpose.
value or meaning) since his wife died.
I think you can trust hm; he is a sensible lad.
allure (lr) : cezbetne(k), akln bandan alma(k)

allure = attraction, appeal, entieement, tem ptation, fascination, charm ,
enchantnent
allure x repulsion : ret, kabul etmeme
Yeni kan arky dinleyen bir mzik eletirmeni, yazd yazda; "Bu ark, sizin AKLINIZI
BAINIZDAN ALIR, (allure) sizi CEZBEDER der
The book has a certain allure for vvhich it is hard to find
a reason
The attraction of the city's bright lights is hard o avoid.
Films of that ort have lost their appeal for me.
The idea of living on a sunny island has great enticemen for me.
! can resist everyihing excep temptation.
Old castles have a certain srange fascination for me.
She was a woman of great charm and she knew how to
use it.
The beauty of the scene filled us with enchantment.
His badly scarred face produced an involuntary feeling
of repulsion (= disgus) in her.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurunsa! Secilik
12
fare (feri : yol paras, bilet creti

fare = darje. fee. price. cost. payment
Yolcu senlilerindeki FAREler (fare YOL PARASI. BLET CRET demezler
How much Is the train iare from zmir to stanbul?
She couldn' get home because she didn'i have enough
money tor he fare.
The entry c'narge for the concert is S 2500.
The fee for the Standard structural survey is $ 20.
I will buy it if the price is right.
VVhat's the cost of the bike with the black handlebars?
Was the payment of rent to be optional?
\velfare (vvelfer) : refah, shhat

vvelfare = \vell-being, prosperity, health, lappiness, comfort, advantage, benefit
Y FAREler (vvelfare) REFAH ve SALIK iinde yaarlar.
The polie are very concerned for ihe vvelfare of the
missing child.
I am thinking only of your vvell-being.
A country's future prosperity depends, to an extent,
upon the quality of education of its people.
How is your health these days?
t was only later in life that she found happiness and
peace of mind.
She loosened her belt for comfort after such an enor~
mous meal
The advantage of booking tickets in advance is that you
get betler seats.
One of the many benefits of foreign travel is learning
hovv to cope with the unexpecied.

faculn (fk'lti) : yetenek, . iktidar
faculty = abilit), faeilitv, talent, s k ii1. aptitude. p o u e r. capaeity. knack
faculty x inability : yeteneksizlik; gszlk
FAKLTEve girmek iin rencilerde (faculty) YETENEK.. G olmas gerekir
Even at ihe age of 100. he stili had his fa c u liie s .
O ur a b ility to th in k and s p e a k s e p a ra te s us from other
m am m a ls.
His fa cility for m ernorizing d a te s w a s a s to nishing .
S he is a y o u n g dancer of g re a t ta le n t.
Being a good m anager re q u ire s a n u m b e r of h ig h ly specia lize d skills.
A t an e arly age D uygu shovved an a p titud e for langua ge s.
T he o srich is a bird that no lo n g e r has the povver of
flig h t
S M usta fa has an e n o rm o u s c a p a c ity for hard vvork
ilh a n alvvays had a kn a ck for (vvriting) a good story.
Teacner are vvorried by the in a b ility of to d ay's pupils to
c o n ce n tra te for any le n g th of tim e.
f '-------------------
: oppress
---------------------------------------; bask
y o rm a k ; z u lm e tm e k
morbid
b ir y a n a k o y m a k
yapm ak;
; h a s ta lk l;
curse
meek
: s a k in ,
ru h s a l a d a n , s a lk l
: l m e k ;
ta rtm a k ,
dodge
: b a s n
soil
: y re k li,
y i it, c e s u r
freak
k k rtm a k
rally
c a n la n d rm a k , d z e n e
define
steer
highly
terrific
fe v k a la d e , o k g z e l,
fe c a a t
e tm e k ;
inane
: bo,
allure
: c e z b e tm e (k ),
: i g z a r,
her e y e
k a r a n
.
; a y rm a k ,
a n la m s z ; b u d a la ,
a h m a k , a p ta l
: a b a rtm a k
; te h lik e y e a tm a k ,
tu z a a d rm e k
earmark
: id a re e tm e k , y n e tm e k
; ok, pek ok
: k o rk u n , d e h e tli,
d e h e t v e ric i;
e tm e k
V --------------
tu h a flk :
tu tm a k
s n rla m a k , ta y in
officious
: a c a y ip lik
g irm e k ; iy ile m e y e y z
: ta rif
overstate
| decoy
k irle n m e k .
m e ra k , k u ru n tu
:. h a re k e te g e irm e k ,
te v ik e tm e k ,
: k irle tm e k ,
Ie k e le (n )m e k
d n c e s iz , d ik k a ts iz
plucky
spark
yana kam ak;
k a p k u rtu lm a k
d n d rm e k ,
s e rs e m le tm e k ;
: b ir
a tla tm a k ; -d e n b ir y a n a
ta h m in e tm e k
I dizzy
u y s a l; a l a k
g n ll
o lm a y a n
gauge
la n e t (e tm e k ), b e d d u a
(e tm e k )
bozuk,
ta h s is e tm e k ,
a kln
b a n d a n a lm a (k )
fare
vvelfare
faculty
: y o l p a ra s , b ile t c re ti
: re fa h , s h h a t
: y e te n e k , g , ik tid a r
J
14
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szli
Find the righi word almas (501-525)

1) For years now, the people have b e e n .............by a ruthless dictator.
b) defined
c) oppressed
d) gauged
a) allured
e) overstated
2) Lets not get t o o ...............
e) healthy
b) morbid
c) plucky
d) vveltare
a) meek
3) R ana............ . the height of the tunnel with her eyes.
a) gauged
c) overstated
d) oppressed
b) sparked
e) dodged
4) The speakers aim was t o ........ .... the reformers i n i o action.
c) overstate
d) spark
b) define
a) dodge
e) soile
5) he nurse said my mother had .............after a poor night.
b) dodged
c) sparked
d) defined
a) raliied
e) soiled
6) Your role in this project will be s tric tly ...............
c) defined
d) soiled
b) dodged
a) overstated
e) oppressed
7) The importance of a healthy in chiidhood cannot b e ...............
b) overstated
c) decoyed
d) oppressed
e) sparked
a) earmarked
8) T h e y............. him inio a dark Street, where they robbed hirn.
b) earmarked
c) sparked
d) overstated
a) decoyed
e) soiled
9) He is a n ....... ..... ittle man and widely disliked in the company.
c) plucky
d) alluring
a) meek
b) officious
e) brave
10) His latest song i s ...............
c) terrific
d) plucky
a) meek
e)meddlesome
b) officious
Syrsonym almas (501-525)

1) He criticized the schoo! or trying to subdue individuai expression.
s) steer
d) soil
a) earmark
b) rally
c) oppress
2) The pilot steered the piane on to the runway.
d) raliied
e) oppressed
a) conciuced
b) earmarked
c) soiled
3) She won a terrific amoun of money at the casino.
d) plucky
e) interfering
a) inane
b)extreme
c) ofiicious
4) He is an officious iittle man and widely disliked in the company.
d) valiant
a) plucky
b) meek
c) importunate
e) feariess
5) l was becoming tired of the giri' inane chatier.
d) meek
a) plucky
b) valiant
c) fearless
e) fatuous
6) Even at the age of 100, he stili had his faculties.
d) freak
a) apiude
b) inability
c) exaggera!ion
ejunskillfulness
7) 1have ioid you a miilion times not to exaggerate.
d) curse
a) earmark
b) overstate
c) steer
e) decoy
8) How much is the train fare from zmir to stanbul?
d) faculy
a) exaggera!ior b) freak
c) charge
e) inability
9) The polie are very concerned lor the welfare of the missing child.
a) well-being
b) freak
c) fare
d) exaggeration e) inability
10) By some sirange freak, a ittle snow fell in the middle of the Summer.
a) apfiude
b) knack
c) talent
d) oddity
e) charge
15

1) The book has a certain allure for which it is hard to find a reason,
a) charm
b) repulsion
c) curse
d) appeal
e) enchantmen
d) charm
e) inability
2) She is a good dancer of great talent.

a) curse
b) ap pe al'
c) enchantment
3) For years now, the people have been oppressed by a ruthless dictator.
a) freed
b) dodged
c) charmed
d) gauged
e) confused
d) morbid
e) reliable
4) Aye started to feel dizzy and had to lie down.

a) foolish
b) terrific
c) plucky
5) He was a morbid individual, always talking about strange and horrible murders.
a) healthy
b) unhealthy
c) off-color
d) unvvell
e) inane
6) The dog was rescued from the river by two plucky kids.
a) courageous
b) unhealthy
c) inane
d) cowardly
e) bold
7) t took her a long while to recover after her heart operation.

a) rally
b) vvorsen
c) perk up
d) pull through
e) get better
8) Some residents said that the dangers had been overstated. Until one of the children was actually killed in the vvoods.
a) overrated
b) gauged
c) dodged
d) steered
e) understated
9) He cursed violently when he broke the glass bowl.

a) blessed
10)
b) overrated
c) steered
d) vvorsened
e) rallied
d) steered
e) gauged
The baby has soiled his diaper again.

a) tarnished
b) blackened
c) cleaned

cursed,
terrific,
define,
rallied,
lure,
fancy,
highiy,
set aside,
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
dizzied,
intrusive
The companys new products have b e e n .............profitable.

His latest song i s ...............
They had b e e n .............by the pace of technological change.
The nurse said my mother h a d .............after a poor night.
t is impossible t o ........... exactly what makes him so attractive.
Ever since I left the company they have been making attempts to ............. me
back.
7) The victims were subjected to guestioning about their private lives.
8) I h a ve ............................the whole vveekend for house hunting.
9) H e .............violently when he broke the glass bowl.
10) VVhere did Mustafa get this............for pineapples?
16

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Every human being has the right to freedom {ro m ............... (oppress)
t w a s .............hot in the bus. (oppress)
Consumers are faced by a ............. choice o f products. (dizzy)
The recession is now perhaps.............as a siump. (define)
Can you give me a g o o d .............of harsh? (define)
Of course lll do it, if you want me to, Ali re p lie d ,...............(meek)
My mouth i s .............painful. (terrify)
Few people were convinced by his ............. of the advantages of the scheme.
(overstate)
9) She was vvearing a m o s t.............dress at K. Monis dinner party. (allure)
10) They vvarned their children t o ..........................................drugs. (steer)
17
misrule (m isrul'l : kt idare etm ek: kt ynetim: karklk

misrule = mism anage. mishandle. misdirect
irketin bana getiinden beri MISS RULE KT YNETM gsterince, dier ortaklar:
'MISS R u L e (misrule) K T YNET.VlEKle. KT DARE ETMEKle edeerdir" diye
ikyet ederler.
They misuse their powers and misrule our country.
The local people thought that education was being
mismanaged.
My case was badly mishanled by my soiicitos.
The public's admiration for the president is misdirected
as he has done nothing to deserve it.
27
cl' saster (dzasYer) : felaket, bel, talihsizlik, b yk kaza

disaster = calamity, catastrophe, tragedy, misfortune, accident, nishap, trouble
disaster x blessing : kutsam a
Ba nedime, kralienin ta giyme treninde giyecei elbisede, terzinin kulland ASTAR

beenmeyince: "THIS ASTAR (disaster) bana FELAKET, BELA aabilir. Hemen onu
deitir! der.
The flood was one of the worst disasters we have had
tor years.
The nevvspaper said that the building of a road through
the rainforest would be a national calamity,
What a catastrophe it was when the grandstand at the
football match collapsed.
t vvas a tragedy when her brother died in the accident.
That vvas the vvorst film I have ever had the misfortune
to see.
Dont smack hm - it vvas an accident
The parade vvas very vveil organized and passed vvihoui
mishap.
The trouble began vvhen my father came to live vvith us
The mass alvvays ends vvith a blessing (= the priesi
asking God to look after the people)
18
highliglt (hav'layt) : ilgi ekici olay

highlight = best part, best bit, high point, focal point, climax
zledikleri piyesi beenmeyen seyirciler kendi aralarnda konuurlarken, ilerinden biri:
"Oyundaki en LG EKC OLAY (highlight) high - light sahnedeki YKSEK IKlard" der.
When I was young Christmas was the highlight of the
year.
Wbat was the best part of your vacation?
The best bit of the movie is when the monsier gets
killed.
The high point ol my vveek is arriving home from work
on a Friday evening.
Their family is the focal point ot their lives.
The climax of the book happens in Turkey.
cheat ( i t ) : hile yapmak, dalavere yapmak; aldatmak; snavda kopya ekmek
eheat = overcharge, doubie - cross, fiddie, con, be rigged, defraud, trick some
bodv out of, youve been had
Kmesin evresini Tle kapatan bir ifti: "Tle tavuklar (cheat) ALDATTIK, onlara
HLE YAPTIK. Artk bir yere kaamazlar" der.
These salesmen are very clever. Don't let them cheat
you.
Anyone caught cheating will automatically fail this
exam.
t seems ihat the taxi drivers here always overcharge.
l'm varning - if you doubie - cross me, l'll kili you.
If I iind out you have been fiddiing me you are in big
trouble.
You paid $ 25.000 for that? Youve been conned.
The senatr resigned after accusations that the election
had been rigged.
They deirauded the Tax Department using false names
forged documents
The boss tried to trick us out ot our money.
I bought this antique ivory carving in Africa.
"You've been had. Its plastic.
Kelime Ezberleten kurgusal Szlk
19
set off (set f) : yola kmak

set off = set out. start out, enbark, go avvay. leave. depart, go, set fourth
set off x arri\e : varmak
D ticaret uzman olan kocasnn srekli seyahat etmesinden bkan bir kadn, yine bavul
SETnin hazr olduunu grnce: Yine mi bavul SET OFF1 (set off) YOLA IKMAK iin
hazr!" diye ikyet eder.
Having missed the last bus we had to set off walking.
He set out for work an hour ago, hasn't he arrived?
The children were always excited to start out on a
camping trip.
We embarked at Southampton and disembarked in
stanbul a week later.
There was no answer to my knock, so I went away.
We are leaving from the main station at six o'clock.
The train departs at 10 a.m.
We stayed another ten minutes and then we went.
Four thousand set fourth and three thousand did not
return.
We arrived home safely.
look after (lk aftr) : gz kulak olmak, gzetmek
look after = take are of, rnind, keep an eye on, are for, nurse, bring up,
attend to, take somebodv under your vving
look after x neglect : bakmamak, yzst brakmak
Parkta oynayan ocuunu gsteren bir anne, yanndaki arkadana: "una BAK SONRA biraz
da (look after) GZ KULAK OL. Hemen geliyorum" der.
Who will iook after the children while you go out to
work?
Don't worry about me l can look after myself.
Mom vvill be taking are of the kids when I go to the
hospital.
Mothers vvho work part-time are able to mind other
people's children vvhen they are not vvorking.
Mustafa, I want you to stay in the yard where i can keep
an eye on you
Many of hose vvho are for the elerly do so voluntarily.
He nursed his vvife through her long illness vvithou ever
complaining
ilhan was brought up in zmir by vvealthy parents.
The cabin crew vvill attend to the passengers' needs
Adrienne, eleven years older, had taken the 19- year old singer under her vving.
He was nealected by his parents vvhen he was very
young.
20
53
offend (fend : gcendirmek; kzdrmak

offend = insult, take offence, take something personally, take exeeption to, be
put out. feel put out, hurt, \vound
offend x please : m e m n u n e t m e k
Maaza sahibi, efendi bir mterinin GCENDN fark edince; "O EFEND biri (offend)
onu GCENDRMEK istemeyiz'' dive talimat verir.
l offends me when you kick your dog.
He insulted her by suggesting thai women are less
intelligent than men.
Dont mention her hairstyle. She'll probably take
offence.
This is a general criticism, so I hope none of you will
take it personally.
I took excepfon to what he said about my family.
VVhen she didn't invite me to her party, I was a bit put
out.
He is feeng very put out by your refusal to go and visit
him.
I was deeply hurt by the way she just ignored me.
She had been grievously vvound by his words.
I didn't vvant it myself; 1only got it to please you
533
scorn krn) ; kmseme(k), hor grme(k)

scorn = disdain, despise, look do\vn on, nock, sneer at, scoff at, spurn, slight
scorn x respect : sayg gstermek
Yapt ii KMSEYEN oluna, babas: "Bu ie de SU KOYMA! (scorn) KMSE

MEK. HOR GRMEK sana yakmyor!" diye onu uyarr.
She scorned ali my offers of heip, so that's the last
chance shell get!
The older musicians disdain the new, rock - influenced
music.
I hate and despise that kind of cruel behavior.
At first, Marys parents iooked down on her marrying
Wim
t vvas cruel the way he mocked her hopes of marriage
and happiness.
Some people sneer at the sixties generation with their
banners of love and peace.
The Prime Minisi scoffed at the suggestion that he was
about to resign.
She spurned my offers of help.
t is a povverful job, but he thinks he deserves better and
considers that he has been slighted by the company.
The agreement vvill respect the rights of both nations.
Kelime Ezberleten Ktgtsal Szlk
animate (am'meyt) : canlandrmak, hayat vermek

animate = enliven, stimulate, invigorate, aetivate, quicken, stir. excite,
encourage
animate x depress : zmek, cann skmak
Satran turnuvasndaki oyuncusunu uyaran antranr: "Rakibin AN MAT yap ki! Oyunu (ani
mate) CANLANDIR. HAYAT' VER" diye uyanda bulunur.
His excitement animated us ali.
The game was much enlivened when both ieams
scored within five minutes ot each other.
Good teachers should ask questions that stimulate the
children to think.
While controlling social unrest they are also trying to
invigorate the economy.
The alarm is activated by the lightest pressure.
Ali walked in the room and her heart quickened.
Come on, stir yourselves, or you'll be late!
At first the elasses were excited by this exercise, but as
time went on they became bored.
They have always encouraged me in everything ve
wanted to do,
Bad weather depresses me.
585
Privilege (prvTlc) : ayrcalk (tanmak); muaf tutmak

privilege = exempt, escuse, make an exception, permit, allo\v, authorize, give
permission, give sonebodv / something the go - ahead
Turistlere PR VILLAGE de (PR KYDE) (privilege) AYRICALIK TANIMAK bir adet

tir.
A good education should not just be a privilege of the
rich,
My father was exempted from militay service on the
grounds of ili health.
Can 1 be excused from svvimming today? I have got a
cold
III make an exception this time, but if you hana in your
essay late again you vvont receive a gade
Smoking is permitted only in the hail.
The new law allovvs pubs to stay pen ali day.
Who authorized the decision to elose the factory?
Who gave you permission to use that Computer?
We are stili vvaiting for the finance committee to give us
the go - ahead.
The Channel Tunnel rail link was given the go - ahead
yesterday.
~n
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szliik

turn up (tn Lp) : ksaltmak, yukar evirmek
turn up = shorten. take up, abbreviate. make sometling shorter, cut dovvn.
condense, abridge
turn up x lengthen : uza(t)mak
stedii yeni model elbiseyi terzisine tarifeden bir mteri: "u geni ksm yukar E VRDE
(turn up) ceketin boyu biraz KISALSIN" der.
Can you tun my skirt up for me?
My tutor says my essay is too long and l'll have to short
en it by a couple of thousand words.
Now the fashion telis us ali to take our skirts up again!
t is generally a good idea when taking notes to abbre
viate words that occur repeatedly.
You could make your speech shorter by taking out ali
the questions.
The introduetion is too long. Can you try and cut it down .
This speech is much too long - you'll have to condense
it.
He is currently abridging his book so that it can be made
into a film.
There is a plan to lengthen the three - year course to
four years.
matc^ (ma : karlatrmak; uymak, uydurmak; benzemek; stn gelmek

mateh = compare, compete, fit, adapt, keep up \vith, go vvith, pit aganist, rival
mateh x elash : atmak
Son hazrlk MAna kan futbol takmnn antranr, yapt basn toplantsnda: "Esas
olarak takmn gcn bu MAla (mateh) KARILATIRMAK gerekir" der.
The curiains don't mateh the paint.
Sometimes his inner tnoughts and his outer aetions do
not mateh
l've iried matehing my brain against the computer's.
That seems ezpensive - have you compare prices in
oiher shops?
Botf giri compete for their fathers attention.
Looking at his CV, he should fit the sales job perfectly.
He aaapted an old car engine to fit his boat.
I cant keep up vvith these changes in fashion
I like the way the blue carpet goes vvith the gold curtains.
t was a bitter civil war, that pitted neighbour against
neighbour
No other fruit rivals the lemon for ilavour.
The two armies elashed briefly near the border this
morning

\vithstand (vvithstand) : dayanmak. kar kovmak
vvithstand = oppose, resist. stand up to, defy. edure, confront, counter.
obstruck
vvithstand x give in : teslim olmak; kabul etmek
Son malarda STAND adl oyuncu savunmada ok iyi oynaynca, antranr: "Finalde gl ra
kibimizi DAYANMAK. KARI KOYMAK istiyorsak (vvithstand) bu ancak WITH "sTAND
ile olur"' der.
She tried hard to vvithstand their pleas but eventualiy
gave in.
The protestors opposed the government's new law.
The army resisted the invaders until they retreated.
Will the lorries stand up to the journey ver rough
roads?
The patriots defied the invading armys savage attack.
We had to endure a nine-hour delay at the airport.
Its an issue vve'll have to confront some point, no matter
how unpleasant it is.
The manager countered the vvorkers demands by elosing
the factory.
The captured spy obstructed the enemys efforts to get
information by refusing to talk.
Youll never guess the answer - do you give in?
|0 0
interplay (ntrpley) : karlkl etkileme: karlkl etkilemek

interplay = interaetion, reciprocity, give - and - take
NTER futbol takm, baarsn futbolcularn birbirini KARILIKLI ETKLEMEye dayandr

d iin (interplay) NTER PLAY iyi oynar.
The interplay of economic forces makes it difficult to
predict accurately the likely effect of tax changes.
Permission to build the factory has been delayed by the
complex interplay betvveen industrial and environmenial interests.
The painter has successfully captured the interplay
betv/een light and vvater,
There's not enough interaetion betvveen the management
and the vvorkers.
The tvvo countries have signed a nevv agreement based
on reciprocity in irade
There has to be a lot of give - and - take in any successful marriage.
">4
at nce it \vAns) : hemen, derhal

at nce = immediately, right a\uy, straight avay. right no\\, \vithout delay,
forthvvith, promptly. directly
at oce x later : sonra
Yeni gelen turiste kendi yemek geleneklerini anlatan kyller: "Bizim adetlerimize gre ET
NCE hatta (at oce) HEMEN, DERHAL servis edilir" derler.
She vvants to see you at nce.
If your baby has a fever you should cali the doctor
immediately.
We had better start right away.
If your house has been burgled, dont touch anything
Contact the polie straight away.
I want an explanation for this dreadful behavior, right
now.
I think you ought to get back home vrithout delay.
Ali trade with these countries must cease forthvvith.
He teli ver and promptly burst into tears.
Ansvver me directly!
At first he denied ali guilt, but he later made a partial
confession.
long running (lng rAnng) : uzun vadeli
long - running = long - term, long standing, abiding , lingering, lifelong,
enduring, lasting, long
long - running x short - term : ksa vadeli
Maraton koucusu olmak isteyen gen atleti uyaran antranrti: "Maratoncu olmak UZUN me
safeli KOU ister. Baar UZUN VADEL (long running) alma sonucunda elde edilir" der.
The two main drug dealers in the South Bronx had a
long-running feud.
We followed the long-running court battle with great
interest.
They are not ready yet to start a long-term relationship
We need a government that can ackle our long-sfanding
problem of inflation.
The internal security of his country was the President's
other abiding concern.
She had a lingering sense of guilt tor some time after
breaking off her relationship vvith Jack.
He had a lifelong hatred of ali lavvyers.
His childhood experiences had an enduring influence on
his work.
The two presidents failed to establish a lasting basis for
peace.
During his long absence his friends had ali married or
left the area.
We should consider both the short term and the long
term effects of building nuclear power stations.

vvortlnvhile
vvorthvvhile
vvorthy.
vvorthvvhile
25
(vvrth'hvvavT) : deerli, faydal, zahmetine deer

= usefl, valuable, construetive, helpful. beneficial, advantageous,
good
x vvortlless : deersiz
Dnyann oluumu srasnda VVORLD WHLE (\vorthwhile) canllar iin DEERL. FAY
DALI eyler olutu.
We had a long wait, but it was worthwhile because we
got the tickets
The book is full of useful information.
Your knovvledge and experience vvould be very valuable
to us.
This advice may not be what you want to hear, but at
least it is construetive.
I found these cassettes very helpful vvhen I was learning
English.
After a long tiring hike we longed for the beneficial
effects of a hot bath
t would be advantageous to get your tickets early so
you dont miss out.
Educational toys and games are often moe vvorthy than
fun.
I thought it vvould be a good idea to arrive early.
The jevvels he sold us turned out to be completely
vvorthless.
g /|g
run into (rAn n'tu) : tesadf etmek, rast gelmek

run into = cotne aeross, run aeross, bump into, bange into, bark into, knock
into, drop aeross, happen on
Arkadana nerede RASLADIN diye annesi sorunca, Kerem : 'T a m baheden ERYE do
ru KOUYORDUM (run into) arkadama RASLADIM" der.
Guess who I ran into in the High Street this after noon?
Outside the restaurant, we came aeross a man doing a
fire-eating performance.
I ran aeross an exceilent book on the subject, in the
public library
i bumped into an old friend in town today.
I banged into an old friend in tovvn today.
I barked into an old friend in tovvn today
I knocked into my old teacher in the tovvn this morning.
I dropped aeross this old photograph in the back of the
dravver
i happened on an old country inn, and stopped to have
a meal.
26
obev (obey') : itaat etmek, sz dinlemek: boyun emek: denileni yapmak

obey = conply with, observe, abide by. keep to. go by the book, respect. stick to
the ruies, uphold. knuckle under
obey x disobey : boyun ememek, sz. dinlememek
Yeni eleman iaret eden genel mdr: "O BEY mi? (obey) SZ DNLER, DENLEN
YAPAR" dive fikir viirtr.
A soldier must obey at ali times.
I always obey my father.
The government is obliged to comply with the courfs
ruling.
You can avoid danger by observing these simple rules
Players have to abide by the referee's decision.
If you keep to the rules nothing can go wrong.
Polie must alvvays go completely by the book when
making arrests.
The President is expected to respect the constitution.
We cant have proper meetings unless everybody sticks
to the rules,
t is the duty of the court to uphold the law and punish
lawbreakers.
Mustafa will knuckle under in the end. He has no choice.
He disobeyed his mother and went to the party.
thrill (thrl) : heyecan vermek, heyecanlandrmak, tesir etmek
thrill = give somebodv a thrill, excite, get somebodv excited, impress, stimulate,
turn on, inspire. eleetrify
thrill x bore : can skmak
Yeni ald yazlk elbisenin kumam ok beenen mteri: "Ne gzel! Hem de kuma TRL
TRL (thrill) insana HEYECAN VERYOR.'HEYECANLANDIRIYOR" der
Her first sight of the African landscape thrilled her
enorrnously,
Catching smal! animals used to give the boys a thrill.
Being part of the crowd at the bali game had always
excited me.
At this talk about the party is getting me really excited.
The thing that impresses me most about her books is
the way she draws her characters.
Light stimulates plants.
Loud modern music really turns some of the young people on,
I was inspired to work harder by her example-,
She electrified (= excited) her audience with her vivid
stories,
Am I boring you?
21
coquer (kangkr) : fethetmek; zafer kazanmak, yenmek

concjuer = defeat, overvvhelm, rout, bring sb to their knees, vanguish, triumph
ver, prevail ver, avail against
concjuer x capitulate : teslim olmak; silahlar brakmak
KANGURular Avustralya'y (conquer) FETHETTLER
Julius Caesar conquered Gaul, which we now know as
France.
The Republicans were heavily defeated in the Spanish
Civil War,
Napoleon's army was strong enough to overvvhelm any
potential enemy.
The general was killed and his armies were routed in a
magnificent cavalry charge,
After years of trench warfare, the Kaisers army had
finally been brought to its knees,
She remained tense, trying to vanguish that aruiety
vvhich she always felt on long flights.
The victorious general had triumphed ver enemies far
more povverful than this.
Can ali our efforts tovvards morality prevail ver the
forces of evil?
The eagerness of our team didn't avail against the fitness and skill of our opponents.
Their forces capitulated five hours after the Allied bombardment of the city began.
scar (skar) : yara izi; yara izi brakmak; gemiin brakt kt etki
scar = spot, blotch, blemish, birthmark, mark
Pansumana gelen hastaya, doktoru: "Eer yaray SIKARsan (scar) YARA Z BIRAKIR" der.
That burn will leave a nasty scar.
He was scarred as a result of the fire.
His early years in the refugee camp left a deep psychological scar,
I have a headache and some spots - the doctor has told
me to stay in bed.
His face alvvays came out in blotches when he was
excited
Her skin was perfect - not a blemish on it.
The polie identified the girl from a birthmark on her leg
There are marks on your nose left by your glasses.
28
bite (bayt) : srmak, sokmak (ylan vs.); oltaya vurmak

bite = bite into, snap at, peck, gnavr, chetv
Kendisini SOKMAK, ISIRMAK isteyen ylan gren ifti: "Benim etim BAYAT (bite) beni
ISIRMAK, SOKMAK kolay deil" diye ykna meydan okur.
He bit (into) the apple.
She cant stop biting her nails.
The fsh aren't biting ioday.
He's terrified of being bitten by a snake.
One of my teeth broke as I vvas biting into an apple.
Sean came running down the road with a small dog
snapping at his heels.
A bird flevv down and pecked my head.
The dog sat in the yard and gnavved its bone.
Dont eat so guickly. Chew your food.
frazzle (frazl) : vpranma(k), ypratmak
frazzle = tiredness, exhaustion, fatigue, vveariness, lethargy
Gen bir boksr Dnya ampiyonu Joe Frazier karlamak isteyince, antrenr: "YIPRAN
MAK istemiyorsan (frazle) FRAZER ile ma yapma! Seni YIPRATIR" diye ona fikir verir.
A recent drive through downtown Boston left me a
frazzle of tangled nerves (= very nervous).
t was the end of a long day. Tiredness overvvhelmed
me.
The soldiers were suffering from exhaustion after long
days and nights of marching.
She was beginning to show signs of fatigue.
She seemed to be overwhelmed by weariness.
The heat of the summer induced a feeling of lethargy
among t h e guests at the hotel.
29
deport (diprt) : snrd etmek

deport = espel, extradite. esile, send into esile, banisin espatriate, eject
deport x repatriate: tekrar lkesine iade etmek.
Nevv YORK Limam'na kaak girenler iin u tabela aslmtr: "The PORT'a kaak girenler
(deport) SINIR DII EDLECEKLERDR!
Tens of thousands of Greek Jews were deported to Nazi
death camps.
The man has been deported back to the Irish Republic
vvhere he will face terrorism charges.
35 Soviet diplomats were to be expelled from the USA
by October 1 st,
The drug baron was extradited to the USA from
Colornbia.
The leader of the coup was exiled and the others imprisoned.
Imelda Marcos was sent into exiie when her husband's
government was overturned.
She was banished by the government tor political reasons.
The new leaders expatriated the ruling family (= used
force or law to remove from heir own country).
A number of football fans had been ejected from the bar
for causing trouble.
misrule
disaster
highlight
eheat
set off
look after
offend
scorn
animate
privilege
turn up
mateh
w ithstand
: kt idare etmek; kt
ynetim; karklk
: felaket, bel, talihsizlik,
byk kaza
: ilgi ekici olay
: hile yapmak, dalavere
yapmak; aldatmak:
snavda kopya ekmek
yola kmak
: gz kulak olmak,
gzetmek
: gcendirmek; kzdrmak
: kmseme(k), hor
grme(k)
; canlandrmak, hayat
vermek
: ayrcalk (tanmak); muaf
tutmak
: ksaltmak, yukar
evirmek
karlatrmak; uvmak.
uydurmak; benzemek;
stn gelmek
: dayanmak, kar koymak
interplay
at nce
long running
vvorthvvhile
run into
obey
thrill
conquer
scar
bite
frazzle
deport
: karlkl etkileme;
karlkl etkilemek
; hemen derhal
: uzun vadeli
: deerli, faydal,
zahmetine deer
: tesadf etmek, rast
gelmek
: itaat etmek, sz
dinlemek; boyun emek;
denileni yapmak
: heyecan vermek,
heyecanlandrmak, tesir
etmek
; fethetmek; zafer
kazanmak, yenmek
: yara izi; yara izi
brakmak, gemiin
brakt kt etki
: srmak, sokmak (ylan
vs.); oltaya vurmak
: ypranma(k), ypratmak
: snrd etmek
...............................
30

1)
They misuse their powers and ............. our country.
a) set off
b) vvithstand
c) misrule
d) run into
2) The flood was one of the worst ..............weve had for years.
a) disasters
b) blessing
c) highlight
d) privilege
3) When I was young Christmas was t h e .............. of the year.
a) interplay
4)
e) highlight
b) cheat
c) deport
d) bite
e) match
b) bite
d) thrill
e) deport
d) bite
e) look after
c) bites
d) animates
e) misrules
c) animated
d) misruled
e) looked after
c) match
Dont worry about me I c a n ...... ....... myself.
a) animate
7)
d) disaster
Having missed the last bus we had t o .............. vvalking.
a) set off
6)
c) cheat
e) cheat
These salesmen are very clever. Dont let them ..............you.
a) thrill
5)
b) privilege
e) look after
b) scorn
c) deport
t ..............me when you kick your dog.
a) looks after
b) offends
8)
His excitem ent..............us ali.
9)
A good education should not just be a ............. . of the rich.
a) scorned
b) offended
a) scar
b) cheat
c) highlight
10) Can y o u ..............my s k irt............... for me?
a) turn up
b) look after
c) run into
d) privilege
e) disaster
d) set off
e) bump into

1) The curtains dont match the paint.
e) fit
a) withsand
b) interplay
c) run into
d) obey
2) She tried hard to w ithstand their pleas but eventually gave in.
a) stand up to
b) conquer
c) turn up
d) scom
e) misrule
3) The painter has successfully captured the interplay between liglt and water.
a) cheat
b) interaction c) disaster
d) highlight
e) scar
4) She wants to see you at nce.
a) entirely
b) consequently c) immediately
d) gingerly
e) vvillingly
5) They are not ready yet to start a iong-term relationship.
a) long-running
b) privileged
c) worthwhile
d) usetul
e) underprivileged
6) Guess who I ran into in the High Street this afternoon?
a) looked after
b) bumped into c) turned up
d) set off
e) stood out
7) A soldier must obey at ali times.
a) bump into
b) look after
c) comply vvith
d) stand out
e) set off
S) Her tirst sight of the African landscape thrilled her enormously.
a) offertded
b) set off
c) deported
d) excited
e) bored
9) Julius Caesar conguered Gaul, vvhich we now know as France.
a) defeated
b) offended
c) excited
d) deported
e) set off
10) Tens of thousands of Greek Jews were deported to Nazi death camps.
a) conguered
b) looked after c) set off
d) stood out
e) expelled
31

1) The flood was one of the vvorst disasters we've had for years.
a) privilege
b) blessing
c) cheat
d) scar
e) inerpiay
2) The children were always excited to start out on a camping trip.

a) arrive
b) obey
c) run into
d) look after
e) set otf
3) Who will look after the children vvhile you go out to work?
a) run into
b) match
c) set off
d) are for
e) turn up
4) Dont mention her hairstyle. Shell probably take offence.

a) conquer
b) withstand
c) turn up
d) set off
e) please
5) The older musicians disdain the new, rock-infiuenced music.

a) scorn
b) respect
c) set off
d) obey
e) vvithstand
6) Good teachers should ask questions that stimulate the children to think.
a) depress
b) enliven
c) bite
d) privilege
e) animaie
7) The introduction is too long. Can you try and cut it down?
a) shorten
b) look after
c) set off
d) bump into
e) lengthen
8) Looking at his CV, he should fit the sales job perfectly.

a) interplay
b) match
c) clash
d) lengthen
e) animate
9) Will the lorries stand up to the journey ver rough roads?

a) oppose
10)
b) give in
c) ihrill
d) animate
e) deport
Being part of the crovvd at the bali garne had always excited me.
a) bored
b) opposed
c) deported
d) thrilled
e) set off

constructive,
keep an eye on,
invigorate,
privilege,
overcharge,
match.
offends,
mismanaged,
vvithstand,
despise,
set out,
enduring
interplay,
take up,
forthvviih
1) The local people thought that education was b e in g ...............

2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
t seems that the taxi drivers here alvvays...............

lh a n .............for work an hour ago, hasnt he arrived?
Mustafa, I want you to stay in the yard vvhere I c a n .............you.
t .............me when you kick your dog.
i hate a n d .............that kind of cruel behavior .
VVhile controlling social unrest theyre also trying t o .............the economy.
A good education should not just be a .............of the rich.
Now the fashion telis us ali t o .............our s k irts .............. again!
The curtains d o n 't...........the paint.
She tried hard t o ............. their pleas but eventually gave in.
T h e .............of economic forces makes it difficult to predict accurately the likeiy
effect of tax changes.
Ali trade with these countries must cease...............
His childhood experiences had a n .............infiuence on his work.
This advice may not be what you want to hear, but at least it i s ................
32
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgu'al Szlk

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
H e .............his mother and went to the party. (obey)

VVlliarp th e .............was the first Norman King of England. (conquer)
The charity raises money for holidays for th e ...............(privilege)
His vengeance w a s ...............(mateh)
Language games are usually intended to encourage stu d e n t...............(act)
There was an extrem ely.............discussion on the subject. (animate)
During a fascinating lecture, the professor spoke with .............about her latest
discoveries. (animate)
The speetators were ............. debating the likely result of the tennis final, (ani
mate)
Walt Disney is the most fa m o u s............. of feature-length films. (animate)
She ra n .............down the hail to greet her cousins. (excite)
They are o p e n ly.............of the idea of life on otfer planets. (scorn)
His proposals w e re .............dismissed by his boss. (scorn)
At school he was v e ry .............to/towards his teachers. (obey)
.............will be severely punished. (obey)
few wfo can afford it. (priviTravel on Concorde is only available to the
lege)
Kelime Ezberleten Kurdurul S b z liik

eke out (k aut : ikve etmek, eklemek: glkle geinmek
eke out = add. supplement. hild on. give. lend; scratd out. economize on.
scrip and save, tiglten vour belt
Mac bitlisinde, orta hakem yazd raporda: "LK A LT atn da leke out) LAVE EDER
SEK. EKLERSEK toplam 12 aut at oklu" der
She ekes oui her income by vvriting
We wil! have to eke out the milk tii! Monday,
Las vveek I added five new stamps to my collection.
Aye found it necessary to supplement her earnings by
vvriting articles tor magazines.
Her new job would help her build on her experience in
advertising.
His beard gave him an air of authority.
The strange music lends an air of mystery to the movie.
t vvasn't easy seratehing out a living in those hard times
The government has decided to economize most on
education spending.
His parents serimped and saved so that he could go to
college.
Governmenis and companies are forced to tighten their
belts during a recession.
aver (vr) : iddia etmek, ispat etmek, (emin bir ekilde) ileri srmek
aver = allege, affirm , State, declare, assert, argue, maintain, speak up, speak out
aver x denv : inkar etmek
Hakim iddia makamnn sylediklerini pek inandrc bulmayarak: "Bunlarn DDA ETTK
LER. SPAT ETMEK istedikleri (aver) IVIR ZIVIR evler.'Reddedildi!" diye gr bildirir.
She averred that he vvas guilty
n a statement to the press, she alleged that her husband
had pianned to kili her
When questioned, ali the vvitnesses afiirrned ihat the
shooting had taken place exactly as the polie
deseribed it.
in 1985 R. Gandi stated that he vvould reform the
Congress Party of India.
He has repeatedly declared that he will not join a
coalition government.
Reagan's 1981 budget message declared that the new
economic program vvas vvorking vvell
The doctor has asserted that the skeleton, vvhich was
said to be man's first ancestor, is in fact a fake.
She argued that taxes must be inereased to pay tor
public Services.
My mother always maintains that I learned to talk at six
months old.
If you thought that vvasn't fair, vvhy didnt you speak up?
No one dared to speak out against the nevv lavv.
He denied the aliegations.
34
provide (prvaydl : tedarik etmek, salamak, bulmak

provide = supply, offer. lav on, furnish, fx somebody up vvith. issue, equip. kit
somebody out
provide x deprive o f : -d en yoksun brakmak
Ylba nedeniyle PRO satlarnda art olunca, pazarlama mdr: "Depoda PRO stoku
WIDE pro stoku GEN (provide) her trl talebe mal SALARIZ, mal BULURUZ" der.
Altbougb the course is free, you have to provide your
own books.
We were looking someone who could supply clerical
help.
The booklet ofters practical advice to new parents.
We had a vvonderful holiday. Everything was laid on
She was asked to furnish the committee with details of
her complaint.
Can you fix m e u p with a bed Sor the night?
Polie in Britain are not usually issued vvith guns.
Ali the soldiers have been equipped vvith AK 41 assault
rifles.
Before we left. we were kitted out with diving suits.
The railways have been deprived of the money they
need for modernization.
accompany (kAmpmi) : yannda bulunmak, refakat etmek, rehberlik etmek,
bir kimseye arkada olmak
accompany = escort, go vvith, attend, associate vvith, conduct, convoy, follovv,
keep companv
accompany x desert : terketmek, ayrlmak
Bir firmann baars karsnda akna dnen rakip firma yneticisi: "Bu yle bir COMPANY ki A COMPANY"(accompany) YANINDA BULUNMAK, ona REFAKAT ETMEK
gerekli. nk ok baarllar der.
George, accornpanied by two bodyguards. refused to
comment as he left the court.
Miss Taylor accornpanied Mr Mack on the piaro.
People on the tour will escorted by an expert on archaeology.
Jane has gne to the dentist vvith her mother.
He was constantly attended by his bodyguard.
He associates vvith criminals.
The guide conducted us round the castle.
A couple of tanks convoyed the trucks across the border.
Follovv m e and fil show you wbere the Office is.
If you are going out for a walk, lll come along and keep
you company.
The babys mother deserted him soon after giving birth
35
bail out (beyi aut) : kefalet deyerek tahliye ettirmek

bail out = release, rescue, help, assist, aid
Hakimin verdii karar mvekkili anlamaynca, avukat: "BEYM OUT beyim dar (bail out)
KEFALETLE TAHLYE OLDUNUZ diye olaya aklk getirir
His wife refused to bail him out (= to pay the money
needed in order for him to be released).
The head of the polie traftic department was yesterday
bailed f o r t h r e e vveeks on drink-driving offences.
She was released on bail.
The terrorists released a kidnapped politician.
We were rescued from the sinking ship by a tishing
boat.
The tax increases wil! help stabilize the economy.
They have developed a new information system that will
greatly assist ali library user.
The new government grants are intended to aid small
business.
contest (kmtest) : kar koymak, muhalefet etmek, itiraz etmek
contest = oppose, be against, be opposed to, object to, raise objections to,
dispute, argue, challenge
Soylular kulbnde yaplan konumada, yeni ye olan bir KONTES hakknda konuulurken:
(contest) KARI KOYMAK, TRAZ ETMEK bildii tek eydir diye ikyet edilir.
Her late husband's family ar e c o ntesting the will.
They simply ignored anyore who opposed their views.
We are against the plan and we intend to fight it.
Many people are opposed to the use of fur for clothes.
No member of the Council has ever obiected to this
principle
Some of the older members of the church ra:sed objections to the new service.
Critics have dispuied the official unemployment figures.
Gazanfer is such a good lavvyer because he argues so
clearly (= gives reasons for and against something
in a clear way).
Is anyone else going to challenge him for the leadership
of the party?
36
reeede (risid' : sazgenek. geri ekilmek: sznden dnmek; u/.aklanak

reeede = ithdrav. retreat. ebb, retire. go back. nove back. keep back
reeede x advante : ilerlet t imek
Hasta: "REETEde ne yazyor." diye sorunca; eczac: "REETEde bu ilalardan (rececle
UZAKLAMAN gerektii yazl. Sana dokunuyormu" diye yanl verir.
Hopes t o r 1heir satety ar e receding rast.
The plainful memories gradually receded in her mind.
The general vvithdrevz his arrny as it vvas suifering so
many casualities.
She wilhdrew from t h e eleetion.
The opposition groups forcea the government to retreat
on iheir proposed p a y legislation.
We vvaited until the tide ebbed before we vvalked around
the roeks.
Our armies have retired to regroup for a iresh attack.
Go back a step or two, y o u ' r e t o o near.
Move back! The roof is falling!
Keep back.1The roof is falling!
Napoleon's army advanced on Moscow.
558
inini inat e (fEnneyt) : ate pskrmek

flminate = condenned. denounce, deplore. disapprove, censure. frovn
on/upon, voice/express/register ete vour disapproval
flminate x praise : vmek
FULL MNE lakabl halter antrenrnn geldiini gren rencileri: "Hemen almaya
balayalm. Yoksa FULL MNE bize sinirden (flminate) ATE PSKRR" diye endie
ederler.
nde Ted is alvvays iulminating about the youth of
today.
Poiiiicians and religious leaders have universally condemned the act of terrorism.
Some nisiorians have denounced them as unscrupulous.
We deplore the use of violence against innocent people.
Her father disapproved of her boy-friend.
The general was censured for negligence.
The church people frovvned on those who spent Sunday
mornings in bed
My father could easily have opposed our marriage or at
ieas expressed his disapproval.
Football managers voiced their disapproval of people
who seli tickets unofficially.
How can dissatisfied taxpayers register disapproval of
government pocies?
His latest film has oeen praised by the critics.
37
stringent (strn'cnt) : zorlu: sk: paraszlk eken

stringent = striet. harst, tough, rigid. tiglt. binding. rigorous, severe, stiff
stringent x lenient : yumuak huylu, nazik
STRINGER fzeleri (stringent) ZORLU hedefleri bile vuran SIRI bir silahtr.
Some of the conditions in the contract are oo stringent.
Already low living standards have been vvorsened by
stringent economic reforms.
My taher was very striet, he never let us go out on our
own.
The laws concerning alcohol are very harsh
Students at the school said the discipline vvas as tough
as the army.
He built the team through hard taining and rigid disci
pline.
Laws on animal experiments are not tight enough.
Unfortunately we have a binding agreement with the
government that can not be broken.
New medicines have to go through years of rigorous
tests.
Driving while drunk could endanger oher people's lives.
so penalties are severe.
For crimes involving the use of guns, the sentences are
particularly stiff.
Surprisingly, the judge gave the terrorist a very lenient
sentence.
60
îk on (bngk an) : gvenmek

bank on = trust, believe in, have confidence in, rely on, depend on. count on,
put your trust in. place your trust in
bank on x distrust : gvenmemek I*
Yeni kurulan BANK ON (10) adl banka ksa srede (bank on) mterilerin GVEND bir
banka olur.
Can I bank on your support?
I vvouldn'i bank on bim being there?
You can trust me, 1am your friend.
i believed in Ali, and then he went and let me down.
The French had little confidence in their allies
Truman was relying on the advice of military expers
You can depend on Mr Moni to arrive on time.
We are counting on you to vvake us up in time
Rebel troops have said they can no longer put their trust
in UN promises of proteetion.
n times of crisis, some people decide to place their trust
in a professional counsellor.
He disirusted those who were too friendly oo guickly.
38
carry off (ker'i of) : dl (vs.) kazanmak; karmak; baarmak

carry off = bear avvay. win; steal avvay, abseond, ellide, slip off, sneak out.
sneak a\vay: bring off, pull off
carry off x lose = kaybetmek
CARRY adl yarmac srekli DL KAZANINCA, rakipleri: "Yine mi CARRY OOOF!
(carry off) DL KAZANMAYI meslek haline getirdi" diye ilem ederler.
Jim carried off most of the prizes at the races.

Thieves carried off the farmers sheep during the night.
t vvas a daring atempt but he carried it off.
Tim bore away most of the prizes at the race.
The competition vvas a hard one but Gazanfer won
Ali stole away vvithout anyone seeing him.
Two prisoners abseonded last night.
Despite a $ 50.000 revvard on his head, he continues to
elude the authorities.
Aye couldnt bear the party, so she slipped off whiie no
one was looking.
The soldier was charged with sneaking army food out of
the camp.
How did he sneak away in the middle of the meeting
vvithout being noticed.
Jim's plan seemed hopeless but he brought it off.
After failing his driving test ten times, Ayhan at last
pulled it off.
I must have lost my train ticket on the journey.
stand out (stnd aut) : ne kmak, fark edilmek
stand out = stick out, project, protrude, jut out, poke out, stick up, be
noticeable, be eonspicuous
Stand adl renci her konuda NE IKMAK. FARK EDLMEK isteyince, retmeni:
"STAND sen OUT dar! (Stand out) her konuda NE IKMAK iyi bir ey deildir" der.
The two giri stood out from the whole elass, and vvere
alvvays vvinning prizes tor school work.
To make the figures stick out, paint them in a darker
color.
He projected himself as hind, caring and thoughtful.
The broken bone protruded through the mans skin.
Our guide led us to where a flat rock juts out from the
side of the cliff.
Susan iried to hide the letter but I could see it poking out
of her pocket.
When Nage arrived at school this morning her hair vvas
ali sticking up at the back.
There has been a noticeable improvement in Sibels
cooking.
n China, vvhere black hair is the norm, her blonde hair
vvas eonspicuous.
39
ancestor (iin'sestr) : cet. ata, soy sop, dede

ancestor = forebear, forefather, predecessor, progenitor, precursor
ancestor x descendant : torun
Akl hastasnn telefonla oynadn gren doktoru: "O ankesrle niye oynuyorsun? diye
sorunca, hasta: "Bu ANKESR (ancestor) ATA yadigar" diye yant verir.
He told her tales about his famous ancestors.

Our forebears fought at the Battle of Hastings.
Some of our forefathers mapped unexplored areas of
the world.
Our new head teacher is younger than her predecessor.
Schoenberg was a progenitor of modern music.
Rapidly rising inflation has traditionally been a precursor
to recession.
He is a descendant of Queen Victoria.
j^J decent (disnt) : terbiyeli, nazik, temiz, iyi
decent = respectable, upright, honourable, virtuous, trustvorthy, adequate,
sufficient, good enough, reasonable
decent x indecent : yakksz
Arkada, "Neden bana yle davranyorsun?" diye sorunca. Kerem: "TERBYEL. NAZK.
Y biriyim DESEN (decent), bunlarn hibiri sende yok ki!" der.
t was very decent of you to drive me to the station

The giri in the school come form very respectable
families.
Most upright, law-abiding citizens have very little coniact
with the polie.
t vvould not be honorable tor me, as a solicitor, to reveal
my clients business to anyone
Rousseau believed that man was born virtuous and

became evil through civilization
On the whole, our employees are trustvvortny.
Are the parking facilities adeguate for ffty cars?
Seven hours sleep is sarficient for most people.
If the vveathers good enough tomorrov/, we could go
fishing.
Most of her work is of a reasonable Standard.
She said that he had made an indecent suggestion to
her
40
181
fatigue (ftig'I : yormak, yorgunluk vermek; bitkinlik; zahmet

fatigue = tire. weary, exhaust, tax, strain, get tired. \vear out. burn out, run out
of stean
fatigue x rejuvenate : tekrar genletirmek; canlandrmak
FITIK ameli var sonras hasta: "FITIK beni (fatigue) ok YORDU, bana YORGUNLUK
VERD" der '
The strain of looking after the tiny tv/ins iatigued their

mother.
The long walk tired ihe children.
The constant noise and bstle of his Office vvearies Dad,
Digging in the garden exhausts me.
Nursing taxed her much more than she had expected.
Having ali her relations staying with her at nce has
strained her resources.
If you get tired, just stop tor a vvhile.
The last seven days have really worn me out.
Most of there high-flying young executives burn out
before tbey are 30.
The home team seemed to run out of steam well before
the game was ver .
He has decided to rejuvenate the team by bringing in a
lot of new, young players.
solid (sald) : salam; kat; gerek; gvenilir
solid = hard, Frm, strong; real, trustvvorthy, reliable, dependable, responsible;
solid x irresponsible : sorumsuz; gvenilmeyen
"Hangi kpek salam, gvenilir ve gerek bir kurttur" diye sorulunca: satc: SOL T solda
ki it (solid) SALAM yapl. GVENLR. GEREK kpektir diye yant verir.
These houses are pretty solid.

We have received solid support from ali sections of the
community.
He hasnt been able to eat any solid food since his
operation.
Why can she marry a good solid Englishman?
We need some solid evidence to help us catch the thief.
That candy was so hard I nearly broke a tooth.
For this recipe youll need ten firm tomatoes
The new polie have received strong support from local
residents.
The new system has some real advantages.
VVe're looking for a dedicated and trustworthy child
minder.
He is such a reliabie fried I know he'll keep his promise.
VVe lef Alison do the shopping be'cause we knevv she
was dependable.
VVe need a responsible person to be in charge of the
sports equipment.
t would be irresponsible to ignore these vvarnings.
Ke/inc Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlk
4i
gratii'y (grat'i ta}) : memnun etuek, honut etmek, tatmin etmek

gratiiy = satisf}, fulfl, please, nnke happy. indulge. humour, giadden. deliglt
gratiiy x dispiea.se : gcendirmek, sinirlendirmek
Jeologlar aradklar FAY tabakasn sonunda bulunca; "GREAT FAYI (gratity) bu aratrma
bizi MEMNUN EDER. HONUT EDER diye sevinirler
VVe vvere graified at-by the response io our appeal.

VVhy are some people never saistied?
Many countries can not satisfy the needs ot their people.
I don' feel that my present way of life really fulfils me.
I only got married to please my parents.
VVhy don't you take a break on your own. if that wou!d
make you happy.
He indulged heavily in conversation and drink.
Ahmet's in lather a bad mood today, you had beter
humour him (= agree to his vvishes so that he does
not complain).
The news gladdened his heart (= made him happy)
Yusuf's success at college delighted his family.
He could hurt me very badly it 1displeased him
nanelv (neyindi) : yani, yle ki
namely = i.e. (-id est). viz (= videlieet). that is to say
Bavuru formunu dolduran memur, adayn ismini iyi duyamaymca: aday: "NAME LEE isim
Lee (namely) YAN. YLE K benim adm LEEYlir der.
Only one pe son can do the job. namely you

There is one more topic io discuss, namely the question
of your salary.
VVe visited Nimes and Abes, i.e. two ancient cities.
Arabic is vvritten in the opposite direciion to Engiish. i,e.
it is vvritten from right to left.
On most Engiish farms you ii find only ihree kinds of animal. viz. sheep. cattle. and pigs.
Lef s go back to fhe original plan, that is to say you go
ahead by piane and 11! follovv by car vvith the eguipment.
He is coming- that is to say he promised to.
42
ebb (eb) : bozulma(k), dmek, zayflamak; d; ekilmek

ebb = ebb .away, lessen, subside, wane, recede, fail back, fail avvay. retreat,
\vithdraw
ebb x grovv : bymek, gelimek
Kendisini ma kadrosunda gremeyen futbolcu, nedenini sorduunda: antranr: "h EBB
yaptn (ebb) BOZULMAK, gzden DMEK! Artk futbol sahalarndan EKL!" der.
As he stood outside the rfice his courage slowly ebbed.

t was heartbreaking to see his strength ebbing away.
My lo v e fo r th e countryside has never lessened.
Depending on how quickly political tensions subside,
aid could begin to flovv.
His popularity is vvaning among the voters but it is stili
high.
As the hreat o f nuclear war receded, oher things
began to worry us.
Prices will never fail back.
Student numbers have been falling away recently.
The defeated army had to retreat hastily from the field
of battle to the coast.
Ali BAYLKEN withdrew from the election
The company has grovvn rapidly in the last five years.
j^Jj
leap dip): atlmak, atlamak, sra(t)mak,

leap = jump, skip, clear, vault, hop, bound, spring
leap x drop : dmek
P iine ATILMAK isteyen arkada, fikir sorunca, Ali: "P iine (leap) ATILMAK iin nce
sermaye gerekli. O da sende yok der.
Two circus tigers were leaping through a flaming hoop

M r Sayrlken leapt to his friend's defence (= quickly
spoke to support his friend).
House prices will leap (up) in the spring.
How high can you jump?
Children were skipping around in the school yard
There came a sprinkling of applause as the horses
cleared the last fence.
He vaulted ver the gate.
Andy hopped ver a fallen tree.
The kangaroo bounded across the road.
I sprang out of the bed to ansvver the door.
Prices have dropped since there has been more competition betvveen suppliers.
43
point out (poynt aut) : belirtmek

point out = dravv attention, cali attention, higliht, focus attention on. hring sth
to sb s attention, inclicate. show
point: noktalama iareti
Bez afii asan iiye, ustas: PONT OUT noktalama iareti cmle dnda olmal. O zaman
reklamn anlamm daha iyi BELRTM oluruz cmleyi dzeltelim' der.
Mistakes in the printing should be pointed out at nce

He pointed out the danger of a mountain trek at this time
of year.
His article drew attention to the lack of funding in modern
scientific researeh.
The only way to raise money is by calling attention to
the famine in Africa.
Some of her more modern poems highlight the
oppression of vvomen in society.
The publicity campaign helped to focus attention on the
needs of old people in the community.
t was one of the other students who brought your
misbehavior to my attention.
Our survey indicates that men are happy to carry out
household tasks.
His condition is showing signs of improvement at last.
look back (lk biik) : hatrlamak
look back = rememlfer, recollect, recall, think back, reminisce, lark back to,
never forget, stay with
look back x forget : unutmak I*
Aralarnda sohbet eden iki eski arkadadan biri: yle GERYE dnp BAKIYORUM da
(look back) o gnleri HATIRLAMAK bile gzel " der.
Looking back on the old days. Im sure we were much

happier then
Yes, I remernber Jean. She has blonde hair and blue
eyes.
I recognize his face but I cant seem to recollect much
about him.
The lavvyer asked the witness to try to recall as much
about the accident as possible.
When I think back on my life I realize how lucky I have
been.
The reunion was great. t gave us the chance to remi
nisce and have a laugh about the old days.
Even though he'd been married for ten years he stili
kept harking back to his first girlfriend
li never forget the sight of him lying there in the hospital.
The memory of the accident stayed with Ali a long time.
I will never forget you.
42
ebb (eb) : bozuima(k), dmek, zayflamak; d: ekilmek

ebb = ebb nvay, lessen, subside, \vane, recede, fail back, fail away. retreat,
vvitldrau
ebb x grovv : bymek, gelimek
Kendisini ma kadrosunda gremeyen futbolcu, nedenini sorduunda: antranr: "h EBB
yaptn (ebb) BOZULMAK, gzden DMEK! Artk futbol sahalarndan EKL! der.
As he stood outside the rfice his courage s!owly ebbed.

t was heartbreaking to see his strength ebbing away.
My love for the countryside has never lessened.
Depending on how quickly political tensions subside,
aid could begin to flow.
His popularity is vvaning among the voters but it is stili
high.
As the threat of nuclear war receded, other things
began io worry us.
Prices will never fail back.
Student numbers have been falling away recently.
The defeated army had to retreat hastily from the field
of battle to the coast.
Ali BAYLKEN withdrew from the election.
The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.
570
leap PP*1 atlmak, atlamak, sra(t)nak,

leap = junp, skip, clear, vault, hop, bound, spring
leap x drop : dmek
P iine ATILMAK'isteyen arkada, fikir sorunca, Ali: ';P iine (leap) ATILMAK iin nce
sermaye gerekli. O da sende yok der.
Tvvo circus tigers were leaping througt a flaming hoop.

Mr Baylken leapt to his friends defence (= quickly
spoke to support his friend).
House prices vvill leap (up) in the spring
How high can you jump?
Children were skipping around in the school yard.
There came a sprinkling of applause as the horses
cleared the last fence.
He vaulted ver the gate.
Andy hopped ver a fallen tree.
The kangaroo bounded across the road.
I sprang out of the bed to ansvver the door.
Prices have dropped since there has been more competition betvveen suppliers.
point out (poynt aut) : belirtmek

point ut = draw attention, cali attention, higliht. focus atlention on, bring sth
to sb's attention, indieate. slow
point: noktalama iareti
Bez afii asan iiye, ustas: PONT OUT noktalama iareti cmle dnda olmal, O zaman
reklamn anlamn daha iyi BELRTM oluruz cmleyi dzeltelim' der
Mistakes in the printing should be pointed out at nce.

He pointed out the danger of a mountain trek at this time
of year.
His article drevv attention o the lack of funding in modern
scientific research.
The only way to raise money is by calling attention to
the famine in Africa,
Some of her more modern poems highlight the
oppression of women in society.
The publicity campaign helped to focus attention on the
needs of old people in the community
t was one of the other sudents who brought your
misbehavior to my attention.
Our survey indicates that men are happy to carry out
household tasks
His condition is shovving signs of improvement at last.
look back (lk bak) : hatrlamak
look back = rememHer, recollect, recall, think back, reminisce, hark back to.
never forget, stay \vith
look back x forget : unutmak 1*
Aralarnda sohbet eden iki eski arkadadan biri: yle GERYE dnp BAKIYORUM da
(look back) o gnleri HATIRLAMAK bile aiizer der.
Looking back on the old days. Im sure we were much

happier then
Yes, I remember Jean, She has blonde hair and blue
eyes.
1recognize his face but 1can't seem to recollect much
about him.
The lavvyer asked the vvitness to try to recall as much
about the accident as possible.
VVhen 1think back on my life 1realize how lucky I have
been.
The reunion was geat. t gave us the chance to remi
nisce and have a laugh about the old days,
Even though he'd been married for ten years he stili
kept harking back o his first girifriend.
fil never forget the sight of him lying there in the hospital
The memory of the accident stayed vvith Ali a long time
I vvill never forget you.
AA
Kelin te Ezberleten Kurg.\al Szlk

truop (trup) : asker: alay, tabur: sr halinde toplanmak: ileri yr) .
yapmak
tropp = soldier. arm , forces. the armed forees; meet, assemble. gather
troop \ disper.se : datmak: dalmak
ALAY komutan, dman cephesine kar yaplacak. LER YRY NCES yapt
konumada: "ALAYmdaki ASKERler TURP gibi, (troop) LER YRY YAPMAK
bizim iin ocuk oyunca'' der.
When the riots did not stop, the troops vvere sent in io
deal vvith the situation.
The childten trooped off the bus.
He has been a soidier ali his adult life.
Units of the Nigerian army vvere quickly sent to the border
The air attack almost vviped ou the Burmese forces on
the ground
A new government is now responsible for the armed
forces.
Hundteds of demonstrators met in Central Park
The prisoners had to assemble each morning in the
courtyard,
The family gathered in the living room to hear the teading
of the wiil.
The polie used tear gas to disperse the crovvd.
train (treyn) : altrmak, retmek; idare etmek
train = teaeh, instruct, educate, coach. bring up, instil, exercise, \vork out
Yeni oyuncak TRENnin nasl altm soran oluna, babas:" Bunu (train) RETMEK
kolav. Seni bu ise biraz ALITIRMAK lazm" der
A lot of employers cant afford to train their vvorkers

properly.
Women are now being trained in carpentry, construction
and engineering.
Kerim teaches German at a local school
Has anyone instructed you in how to use the Computer
system?
The pubiic need to be educated about healthy eating

Ali has natural sporting talent, I dont really need to
coach him.
My parents brought me up to try and be kind to others.
The Japanese educational reform vvere intended to
instill patriotism in the nevv generation.
I exercise every day and get plenty
He works out every day in the gym.
of
fresh air.
45
retouch (ritA"-) : dzeltmek; yeniden gzden geirmek

retouch = correct, brush up, poiish up, rub up. inprove, reeondition. renovate.
restore, touch up
Ma srasnda TA atnn kural d kullanldn gren orta hakem: "RE TOUCH" tekrar
ta, bu yanl (retouch) DZELTMEK zorundaym" diye at tekrarlatr.
We had the wedding pholos retouched to make it seem

like a sunny day.
Students said it was helpful if the teacher corrected
them.
1must-brush up my English before I go to London.
Her health has improved dramatically since she started
on this new diet.
Your performance is promising, but it needs polishing up
a liftle before it is ready for the public.
I must rub up my French before I go to Paris.
This one is new, but the others have only been reconditioned.
He renovates old fouses and selis them at a profil.
A number of disused council buildings are being
restored.
She touched up her lipstick and brushed her hair.
t? --------------------
eke out
aver
provide
accompany
bail out
contest
recede
fulminate
stringent
bank on
carry off
stand out
V --------------------
: ilave etmek, eklemek;

glkle geinmek
: iddia etmek, ispat
etmek, (emin bir
ekilde) ileri srmek
; tedarik etmek,
salamak, bulmak
: yannda bulunmak,
refakat etmek, rehberlik
etmek, bir kimseye
arkada olmak
; kefalet deyerek tahliye
ettirmek
: kar koymak, muhalefet
etmek, itiraz etmek
: vazgemek, geri
ekilmek; sznden
dnmek; uzaklamak
; ate pskrrnek
: zorlu; sk; paraszlk
eken
: gvenmek
: dl (vs.) kazanmak;
karmak; baarmak
: ne kmak, fark
edilmek
ancestor
decent
fatigue
solid
gratfy
namely
ebb
leap
point out
look back
troop
train
retouch
: cet, ata, soy sop, dede

: terbiyeli, nazik, temiz, iyi
: yormak, yorgunluk
vermek; bitkinlik;
zahmet
: salam; kat; gerek;
gvenilir
: memnun etmek, honut
etmek, tatmin etmek
: yani, yle ki
: bozulma(k), dmek,
zayflamak; d;
ekilmek
; atlmak, atlamak,
sra(t)mak,
: belirtmek
; hatrlamak
; asker; alay, tabur; sr
halinde toplanmak; ileri
yry yapmak
: altrmak, retmek;
idare etmek
: dzeltmek; yeniden
gzden geirmek
...........
..J
46

D
S h e .............her small income by cleaning other peoples houses.
2)
S h e .............that he was guilty.
a) p o in te d out
a) b a ile d o u t
b) b a ile d o u t
b ) a v e rre d
e ) ebb ed
c) eked out
d) a v e rre d
o) p ro v id e d
d) a c c o m p a n ie d e ) rece d e d
c) fu lm in a te d
d) b a n k ed on
e ) leapt
d) p o in ted out
e ) leapt
3) li .............from the election.

a) w ith d re w
b) g ra tifie d
4) Mr Baylken.............to his friends defence.

a) fu lm in a te d
b) rec e d e d
c) eked out
5) H e .............the danger of a mountain trek at this time of year.

a) lo o ke d b a ck
6)
b) d is p e rs e d
c) train e d
d) p o in te d out
e ) p ro vid e d
lot of employers cant afford t o .............their vvorkers properly.

a) tra in
b) p o in t o u t
c) leap
d) rec e d e
e ) g ra ify
7) Stdents said it was helpful if the teacher.............them.

a) le a p t
b) c o n te s te d
c) a c c o m p a n ie d
d) g ra tifie d
e ) co rre c te d
d) reto u c h e d
e ) d isp e rse d
8)
Miss Pekay.............Mr Topkar on the piano.
9)
They simply ignored anyone w h o .............their views.
a) co n te s te d
a) d isp e rs e d
10)
b) a c c o m p a n ie d c) d e s e rte d
b) ie a p t
c) o p p o s e d
d) fu lm in a te d
e ) b a ile d out
c) b a n k on
d) c a rry off
e ) stan out
His wife refused t o .............him.

a) b a il o u t
b) eke o u t

1) JTo make the figures stick out. pant them in a darker colour.
a) s ta n d out
b) eke o u t
c) c a rry o u t
d) fail aw ay
e ) lo o k b a ck
2) Arnold Schoenberg was a progenitor of modern music.

a) bail
b) tro o p
c) a n c e s o r
d) e x h a u stio n
e ) sa tisfa ctio n
3) Many countries can not satisfy the needs of their people.

a) d isp le a s e
b) ca rry o u t
c) e x h a u s t
d) lo o k back
e ) a ra tify
d) bo re aw ay
e ) w o re out
4) Jim carried off most of the prizes at the races.

a) s to o d out
b) lo o ke d b a ck
c) a b s c o n d e d
5) t was very decent of you to drive me to he station.

a) so lid
b) in d e c e n t
c) k in d
d) s trin g e n i
e ) in a d e q u a te
6) The strain of looking after the tiny twins fatigued their mother.
a) re juve n a te d
b) tired
c) c a rrie d o u t
d) b a ile d o u t
e ) sto o d out
7) As he stood outside the Office his courage slowly ebbed.

a) le sse n e d
b) tired
d) b a ile d o u t
e ) eked out
c) c o n te s t
d) ju m p
e lessen
c) w e a r o u t
d) lessen
e p u ll off
c) s to o d o u t
8) House prices will leap in the spring.

a) s ta n d out
b) a ve r
9) Can I bank on your support?

a) rely on
10)
b) d is tru s t
Although he course is free, you have to provide your own books.

a) b a n k on
b) rely on
c) w e a r o u t
d) supply
e pull off
47

D
We were looking for someone who could supply clerical Help.
2)
She averred that he was guilty.
a) p ro vid e
a) d e p riv e d of
b) d e p riv e of
b) eked out
c) bail out
d) c o n te st
e) recede
c) p ro v id e d
d) d e n ie d
e) a cco m p a n ie d
3) George, accompanied by tvvo bodyguards, refused to commeni as he lefi the

court.
a) d e se rte d
b) e s c o rte d
c) p ro v id e d
d) rece d e d
e) d e nied
4) The general vvithdrevv his army as it was suffering so many casualties.

a) d e p riv e d of
b) p ro v id e d
c) d e n ie d
d) fu lm in a te d
e) adva nce d
5) Some historians have denounced them as unscrupulous.

a) fu lm in a te d
6)
b) a d v a n c e d
c) p ra is e d
d) e s c o rte d
e) su p p lie d
Some of the conditions in the contract are too jringent.

a) le n ie n t
b) in d e c e n t
c) so lid
d) firm
e) hard
7) We were gratified at/by the response to our appeal.

a) d e lig h te d
8)
b) d is p le a s e d
d) d e s e rte d
e) p leased
d) receded
e) reto u ch e d
c) b a n k on
d) drop
e) retouch
c) re c o lle c te d
d) b a n k ed on
e) g ra tifie d
c) a v e rre d
My love for the countryside has never lessened.

a) e b b e d
b) c o n te s te d
c) grovvn
9) House prices will leap (up) in the winter.

a) p o in t out
10 )
b) fa tig u e
The children trooped off the bus.

a) d isp e rs e d
b) b ru s h e d up

harsh,
depend on,
alleged,
censured,
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
elude,
solid,
leapt,
projected,
ebbed,
conducted,
laid on,
bail out,
namely,
economize on,
receding,
disperse,
think back,
argues,
drevv attention,
i.e.
These houses are p re tty ...............

Only one person can do the jo b ,............. you.
We visited Nimes and A rie s ,.............tvvo ancient cities.
As he stood outside the Office his courage s lo w ly ...............
Mr. B aylken.............to his friends defence.
His a rtic le .............to the lack of funding in modern scientific research.
When I .............on my life I realize how lucky I have been.
The polie used tear gas t o .............the crovvd.
The government has decided t o ............. m o s t.............. education spending.
n a statement to the press, s h e ............. that her husban had planned to kili her.
We had a vvonderful holiday. Everything w a s ...............
The g u id e .............us round the castle.
His wife refused t o .............h im .................
Gazanfer is such a good lavvyer because h e .............so clearly.
Hopes for their safety a re .............fast.
48
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
The general w a s .............for negligence.

The laws concerning alcohol are v e ry ...............
You c a n .............Mr Moni to arrive on time.
Despite a $ 50.000 revvard on his head, he contirues t o .............t he authorities.
E m re.............himself as kind, caring and thoughtfui.

1)
2)
3)
4)
Are y o u .............in the use of this equipment? (train)

Nevv.staff have/receive a weeks .............in how to use the computers. (train)
Fire regulations a re .............enforced in ali our factories. (stringent)
T h e .............of the safety regulations threatens to put many manufactures out of
business. (stringent)
5) To everyones great surprise, Mrs. Brown arrived at the b a li............... (accompany)
6) The bank is now a m ajr.............of financiai Services to industry. (provide)
7)
His letter to the local council was a lo n g .............against their plans to change the
bus service, (fulminate)
8)
You have given us a n .............amount of work to do. (decent)
9)
She was arrested for behaving.............at a cricket match. (decent)
10) The house seems v e ry .............built. (soiid)
49
census (sen'ss) : nfus savm, saym

census = poll. tally, count, figre, statistics
"NFUS SAYIMI srasnda tatilde olacam" diyen oluna, babas: "SENSZ (census)
NFUS SAYIMI olursa, sanki ailemiz bir kii eksilmi gibi olacak" der.
We have a census in this county every ive years.
She was stopped in her car at the exit tor a traffic census
The TV station did a telephone poll on the governmenfs
plans to change the tax system.
Have you kept a tally of what I owe you?
We had 1450 members at the last count (= when they
were last counted).
Government figures published today show that unemployment is rising again.
t is difficult to be precise about health in Uganda
because few statistics are available.
alter (ltr) dei(tir)mek, baka trl olmak

alter = change, revise, make changes, adapt. cstomise, convert, modify, adjust.
amend
alter x maintain : srdrmek; korumak
Mustafa, oyun sonras terledii halde fanilasn DETRMEK istemeyince, annesi:
"Olum, AL ite TER (alter). Hadi hemen DETR!" diye uyanda bulunur.
The President altered his plans to include a chat with
local workers.
You can alter the appearance of a room by moving the
furniture
Having a baby changes your life completely, whatever
your age.
This discovery made them revise their old ideas.
We will have to make changes in the family rouine
when the baby is born.
The movie was adapted by Forsyth rrom his own bestselling novel.
The Computer programs can be customised for individual users.
A Svviss company has found a way to convert animal
vvaste into fuel
We can modify the design to make it suitable for commercial production.
Check and adjust your brakes regularly.
Congress amended the Social Security Act in 1970 to
help the disabled.
Despite living in different countries, the two families
have maintained close links.
5 0
malpractice (malprak'ts) : yolsuzluk; grevi ktye kullanma

malpractice = eorruption. bribery, misuse, abuse, derelietion, negligence. mis
conduct, misbehaviour
k, kapda MALlarla yakalanan depo memuru: "Evde MAL PRACTCE yapyorum,
(Mallara pratik yapyorum)" deyince: gvenlik grevlisi: "Senin yaptn dpedz (malpraetice) YOLSUZLUK: GREV KTYE KULLAN
MA! diye sulamada bulunur,
They are accused of medical/financial/electoral/ business
malpractice,.
She sued- her doctor/solicitor for malpractice.
Bribery and eorruption were v/idespread during the
Marcos administration
The committee concluded that there had been a serious
misuse of public funds.
This constant abuse of the System must be stopped.
She has been accused of derelietion of responsibility.
He was cbarged with professional negligence.
They accused him of gross misconduct.
Any misbehaviour will be severely dealt with.
579
*Sn*te (gnayf) : tutu(tur)mak, yanmak; yakmak

ignite = burn. iight, set sth on fire, fiare up, break out, catch fire, burst into
fiames
ignite x extinguish : sndrmek
zci kampndaki LK GECE, ate YAKMA snavna balayan gen izci aday heyecanla: Bu
benim iin LK NIGHT (ignite) atei YAKAR,
TUTUfuRURSAM belki kzci olabilirim" diye
dnr.
The fuel spontaneously ignites because of the high
temperaure and pressure.
The murder of the young black mother was the spark
which ignited the explosion of rioting.
That winter they had to burn some of their furniture to
keep warm.
t is freezing in here! Lets ght a fire.
Vikings attacked the villages along the coast and set
them on fire.
The spilt gasoline suddenly flared up in a sheet of flame,
VVould you know what to do if a fire broke out in your
school?
A pile of rags caught fire and the fire spread quickly to
the whole factory.
She was standing too elose to the re, and her dress
suddenly burst into fiames.
t took the firefighters hours to extinguish the fiames.
51
gingerly (dn'crli) : byk bir dikkatle, yavaa

gingerly = earefully, cautiously. vatchfully, attentively, prudently. discreetly,
tenderly, gently
gingerly x carelessly : dikkatsizce
Doum n iin hazrlanan NCRL pastav olunun dikkatsizce tadn gren anne:
"Y avrum'o pasta NCRL (gingerly) BYK BR DKKATLE. YAVAA taa" der.
I removed the bandage gingetiy and looked at the wound
Drive earefully - the roads are icy.
He tiptoed the door and peered round cautiously.
Slowly and watchfully they vvalked around the perimetet
of the elearing.
The children sat listening attentively to the story.
You should spend the money prudently - it is ali you will
have for a long time
1 dont think she paid for that book," he whispered to me
discreetly..
She stroke the cat tenderly behind the ears.
Gently (slowly and earefully), Ziya lifted the baby out of
its cot.
Erol had carelessly left the door pen.
capitulate (kpievt) : teslim olmak; silahlar brakmak
capitulate = surrender, give in, concede, admit defeat, accept defeat, lav dven
arns, \vave the vvhite flag, acquiesce
capitulate x resist : direnmek
Aranan iki pheliden biri kapnn alndn duyunca, arkadana: "KAPI CNEYT! (capit
ulate) TESLM OLMAK, SLAHLARI BIRAKMAK zorundayz" der.
He finaily capitulated and a!lowed his daughter to go on
holiday with her friends.
t seems clear that the unions will have to capitulate to
the government's demands
Their forces capitulated five hours after the Allied bombardment of the city began.
Finaily, on April 16 th, the enemy surrendered
I decided it was best to give in to my Mother - she was
always right.
The defeated army conceded and their enemy claimed
victory,
After almost four hours of thrilling tennis, Jimmy
Connors was finaily forced to admit defeat.
Refusing to accept defeat, shell be running in the election again next year.
The general called on the defeated army to lay down
their arms (=stop fighting)
They vvalked towards the enemy waving the vvhite flag
to show that they were surrendering.
He acquiesced in the plans his parents had made for him .
The Minister has resisted demands for his resignation.
52
reign (reyn) : saltanat srmek; hakim olmak, hkm srmek

reign = rule, gvem, control, dominate. order, command, administer
Srekli yaan YAMUR ekinlere zarar verince, iftiler: "YAMUR (rein) iyi SALTANAT
SRD. Neredeyse tm blgeye HAKM OLDU" diye endie ederler.
Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901
The British Queen reigns but does not rule
After the dictator's death, anarchy and confusion
reigned for severa! years.
Very few societies believe that our lives are govemed
entirely by chance.
This button Controls the temperature in the building.
A handful of multinational companies dominate the
economy,
The colonel ordered his men to advance.
Admiral Britten commanded the entire crew to assemble
on deck.
The economy has been badly administered by the pre
seni government.
insubordinate (insibordnt) : asi, kafa tutan
insubordinate = disobedient, defiant, headstrong, rebellious, seditious,
mutinous, stubborn, obstinate
insubordinate x obedient : sz dinleven
st katta oturan Sabahattin, kilo aldn ne srecek yemee inmek istemeyince, annesi; "N
SABO BU DYET (bu diyet yemei) (insubordinate) AS olmay brak!" diye olunu uyarr.
The old school headteacher remembered him as an
insubordinate child.
Stop being disobedient, and do as you are told.
Defiant party members openly challenged the leadership
She was headstrong and rebellious,
She was arrested after making a speech that the gov
ernment considered ta be seditious
The mutinous sailors took control of the ship.
Unemployment is a stubborn problem which vvon't just
disappear overnight.
Invading troops met with obstinate resistance by querilla
forces.
Students are expected to be quiet and obedient in the
classroom.
53
ringleader (rnglidr) : eleba, tertipi, idareci

ringleader = leader, kingpin
Eski boks ampiyonu Mike Tyson'a "Sen RNGlerin LDER misin'? Neden byle hrnsn'?''
diye sorulunca, Tyson: "RNG LDER benim, (ringleader) ELEBAI benim" der.
The six ringleaders were arrested and charged.
nce they caught the ringleader, it was easy to round
up the rest of the gang.
She was elected as leader of the students.
He was for many years the kingpin of the Democraiic
organization in London.
An accident of history has made the country a kingpin in
the region
fail ( f e y ll: baaramamak, becerememek; geememek
fail = go vvrong, get nowhere, be a failure, come to nothing, come to grief, fail
through, be unsuccessful, not come off
fail x succeed : baarmak
FAL mehul olay aydnlatlmaynca, basnda u elimle geer: "Olayn FAL yine buluna
mad. (fail) BAARAMAMAK, BECEREMEMEK moda oldu!"
Despite ali tleir efforts to secure peace agreements,
they have faiied.
Serta enjoyed the course, but he faiied the exam.
If you marriage fails it is hard to make a new start in life.
t was soon after this that the marriage went vvrong.
We discussed this for hour, but got nowhere.
The clubs first attempt to find new members was a
failure.
Ali her plans to travel around South Africa came to
nothing.
His building business came to grief when the bank
refused to lend him money.
The deal fell through because they couldn't get enough
money from the bank.
If a man has been repeatedly unsuccessful, he may well
lose confidence in himself.
That $ 40 million export deal didn't come off after ali
Polie have finaliy succeeded in solving the mystery.
54
enable (iney'bi) : g. imkn vermek: kolaylatrmak

enable = endo\\, strengthen, sanetion. approve, ratify, assist, ullovr. permit,
clear the way for, be passport to
enable \ prevent : engellemek
Askerden ABLAsna gnderdii bir mektupta. Ali yle der: "Bana G. MKAN VEREN
(enable) EN sevdiim ABLAm sensin. Varlnla her ey sanki KOLAYLAIYOR."
Free education enabled ordinary people to reach position of povver.
The National Gallery in Washington was endowed by
Andrei GAURLOV.
If we coud find some eyewitnesses it would greatly
strengthen your case.
The governnent was reluetant to sanetion intervention
in the crisis.
You can join the elass if you mother approves.
The heads of the two governments met to ratify the treaty.
Ateam of nurses assisted (the doctor) in performing the
operation.
A 24-hour ceasefire allowed the two armies to bury their
dead.
Unit pricing is a system that permits the customer to
compare the costs of produets.
The removal of trade restrictions cleared the way for a
rapid development of East-VVest relations.
A university degree used to be a passport to a good job.
Hes determined to go, even though we have done
everything to prevent him.
achieve tiv) : baarmak, stesinden gelmek
achieve = accomplish, perf'orm, carry out, execute, bring off, carry through,
succeed, come off, carry off
Yutkunma zorluu eken hastann ila mesi gerekince iinden: "Zaten bir Mlik. CM
(achieve). Bunu BAARMAK. STESNDEN GELMEK zorundaym!" der *
The company intends to achieve ali these goals v/iihin
the nex five years.
We have only six months left to accomplish our task.
You will be expected to perform your duties to the best
of your ability.
If my instruciions had been carried out, the accident
would not have happened.
Our direetors make the decisions, but ifs the managers
who have to execute them.
H. Berlioz was pleased when he brought off a seemingly hopeless attempt
We are determined to carry our plans through.
If I try hard I will succeed.
t was a bold idea, but it came off.
Hande carried off her part in the plan with no difficulty.
88
55
appeal (ipil') : rica etmek, yaharmak: \ardm dilemek; temyiz etmek: ilgisini
ekmek
appeal = entreat. implore. bey. plead; attrack. tempt, charm. interest
appeal x repel : nefret uyandrmak
Oyuncann PL biten ocuk, iinden: "Acaba anneme (appeal) RCA ETSEM. VAL
SLARSAM bana bir PL alr m?" diye dnr.
The government is appealing to everyone to save vvater.
They are appealing for clothes and blankets to send of
to the earthquake vietims.
I intend to appeal against this sentence/verdict,
Does the idea of working abroad appeal (to you)?
She entreated us to belp her.
1implore you to go now.
She begged and begged until I said yes.
He pleaded with ihem to release his daughter.
Her equal-pay campaign has been attracting a lot of
support.
fm tempted to seli my car and buy Jack's.
She was charmed by Venice.
Politics doesn't interest me
Her arrogance repels many people.
kidnap (kdnap) : (Fidye iin) (birini) karmak
kidnap = abduet, carrv off, lold to ransor, pay ransom
kidnap x release : serbest brakmak
KAIRILAN ocuun babas, verdii ifadede: ''Elinde bir ocuk haritas KID MAP? vard
Neden sonra (kidnap) KAIRILDIINI anladm" der.
The little boy was kidnapped by terrorists.
The vvoman. who is in her thirties. was abduced lale
last night and is stili missing.
Thieves carried off the rarmers sheep during the night.
The gang held the racehorse to / for ransom.
The terrorists agreed to release her after her company
paid the ransom.
56
nourish
nourish
give
nourish
(nri) : beslemek, gda vermek: destek olmak, bakmak, bytmek

= feed, nurture, bring up, tend. sustain. encourage, advance. spur on.
something a boos
x starve : alk ekmek
NURYE, bebeini BESLEMEY unutunca; kaynanas: "NUR (nourish) ocuu BESLE

MEN lazm! Evlat BYTMEK sabr ister" der.
Some of the children had been poorly nourished,
After an illness, nourish yourself on / with healthy soups
Mehmet has long nourished the hope of becoming a famous composer.
The baby will soon learn to feed himself.
We fed the spy some false Information in the hope that
he vvould pass it back to his government.
As a record cornpany director, his job is to nurture
young talent.
He vvas brought up to respect authority.
The nurse gently tended the patient's cuts and bruises.
A light meal won't sustain us through the day.
His mother encouraged him greatly in his career
The United Nations has done a lot to advance the cause
of world peace.
I would never have won the race if my family hadn't ali
spurred me on
A tise in oil prices has given the economy a much needed boost.
Whole communities starved to death during the long
drought.
Hes starved for affection.
51
enforce (nfors) : mecbur etnek; uygulamak, yerine getirmek

enforce = force, impose, make sb do sth, put pressure on, pressurize, drive,
inflict sth on; conduct, put into practice
enforce x waive : vazgemek
retimi dnlen yeni modeller iinde EN FORSlu arabay seen fabrika mdr; "Bu en
FORSlu (enforce) bizi adeta seri retime MECBUR EDYOR, Talimatlar"
YERNE
GETRMEK. UYGULAMAK iin hemen hareket edin!" der.
The regulations should always be strictly enforced.
The new teacher totally failed to enforce any ort of discipline.
The thieves tied me up and forced me to lie on the floor.
VVithin days of being appointed Office manager he had

imposed his own vvorking methods.
I vvanted to vvatch the film but my parents made me do
rny homevvork.
Her husband's putting pressure on he to give up her job
and stay at home.
If she feels youre trying to pressurize her in any way
she vvon't do it.
The general feeling of hopelessness is driving many
people to despair.
As time progressed, the king inflicted harsher and
harsher measures on the people.
The inquiry was conducted in an atmosphere of great
fear and secrecy.
He was determined to put into practice everything he
had learnt on the training course.
He has waived ali daim to the money.
5 8
enlarge (nlarc') : bylltmek, genile! tlmek, oaltmak

enlarge = augment. add to, s\vell, icrease, intensify. expand. multiph. psl tp.
drive up, force up
enlarge x lessen : kltmek, azaltmak
Elbisenin dar oldueunu aren mteri: "EN LARC bu mu?'" diye sorunca: tezahtar: "inde
pay var. (enlarge)'BYUT.MEK.'GENLETMEK kolay" der.
The car park will have to be enlarged.
The hole had enlarged, and water was now running
through.
The cream contains ingredients that augment the skins
natural healing process,
VVnning an Academy Award adds millions of dollats to
the earnings of a film
The large scale immigration svelled the population of
the cities of Central Canada.
Vague explanations of her illness only increased her
fear and anxiety.
Their panic intensified, as they heard the gunshots getting
closer.
The aim of the course is to trigger new ideas and
expand trainees horizons.
Opportunities for erime have multiplied in recent years.
War pushed up the price of manufactured goods at
home.
An expansion ot the weapons search program is sure to
drive up defence costs.
n recent years increased demand has forced up the
price of copper on world markets.
The pain lessened as the drugs took effect
maltreat (m altrif ) : kt davranmak, eziyet etmek
maltreat = be cruel to, mistreat, ill-treat, abuse. treat sb like dirt. pick on,
bully, hurt
Sr sahibi yayladan dnen hayvanlarnn ok zayfladn grnce, obana kzarak: "MAL TRT
olmu, (maltread)i Onlara KT DAVRANDIIN. EZYET ETTN kesin" diye sylenir.
His behaviour patterns suggested he had been badly
maltreated as a child.
My father drank too much and was often very cruel to
my mother
t looks as though this dog has been mistreated by its
ovvner.
Neighbours were sure that the young couple had been
ill-treating their children.
Anyone who is accused of abusing their children is
investigated very thoroughly by the social Services
She treats him like dirt but he stili loves her.
Bullies usually pick on younger children.
He bullied her into going back to vvork.
t wasnt my fault. I didnt mean to hurt anyone.
59
mine (mayn) : kazp karmak (kmr \.s); maden (oca); mayn

mine = excavate, dig. burro\v, tunnel, dig out / up
MNE'ye. ne ile urayorsun diye sorulunca: "Bir maden de (mine) KAZIP IKARILAN
kmrleri kalitesine gre snflandryorum. nk maden mhendisiyim" der.
They are mining for salt.
Some of the hills are mined for tin,
Many of the workers were buried underground vvhen
there was an accident at the mine
Their ship was mined.
Workers had already begun excavating foundations for
the house.
Dad and I spent the afternoon digging and vveeding in
the garden.
The rabbits had burrowed a hole under the fence
n the movie the prisoners tunnelled their vvay out of the
camp and escaped.
I spent ali morning digging out / up vveeds in the garden.
starve (starv) : alktan lmek veya ldrmek; ok alk ekmek; yoksulluk
ekmek
starve = die, go hungry, go vithout food, starve to death, not get enough to eat
Bugnk The New York Timesn balnda u cmle yer alyor: "nl STAR (starve) YOK
SULLUK EKEREK ne yazk ki ALIKTAN LD!"
Thousands of people could starve if the crops fail again.
I'd rather starve than work for that company!
What's for lunch? Im starving (= very hungry)
He's starved for affection.
I want to see ireland again before I die
f the crops fail again this year thousands of people will
go hungry.
I felt hollow and H, as though I'd gne too long without
food.
Unless these people get food in the next tvvo vveeks they
will starve to death.
Your baby doesn't get enough to eat. That is why he is
alvvays crying.
60
urge (rc) : drtmek; zorlamak; srar etmek.

urge = rnotivate, induee, prompt, lead sb to do sth, insist, push, drive, persuade
urge x dissuade : caydrmak, vazgeirmek
rak kumas LCmeden kesince, terzi: "nce'kuma L! (urge) seni bu meslekte iler
lemen iin DRTMEK. ZORLAMAK, SRAR ETMEK bir ie yarar m bilemiyorum der.
The irade unions are urging employers to invest rnore
morey in training.
He urged them not to go to zmir,
Do not urge him to stay!
The captain urged his team to greater efforts.
We are looking for someone vvho will be able to motivate the staff to work hard.
Nothing would induee me to vote for them.
The outeome of Conzon's work has prornpted further
research by others.
Her war experiences led her to set up a fund for disabled soldiers.
I didnt want to teli dad about the fight, but he insisted.
We had to push them to accept our terms, but they finally agreed to the deal.
A succession of scandals eventually drove the minister
out of Office.
t is no use trying to persuade him (that) you're innocent.
Tom had wanted to join the army, but had been dissuaded from doing so.
ECO
insane (nseyrT) : deli, ldrm; delice, manasz

insane = crazy, mad, deranged, unbalanced, absrd, ridiculous, hare-brained,
ill-advised
insane x sane : akll, akl banda
Olu karl havada top oynamak isteyince, annesi: "Yavrum sen NSANI (insane) DEL eder
sin! stediin ey son derece MANASIZ diye ona kzar.
He went insane.
You must be insane to go out in this vveather!
I think some of her ideas are totally insane.
I sometimes think lm going insane (= I feel very confused).
You are crazy to lend him ali that money - youll never
get it back.
You spent $ 2500 a pair of shoes? You must be mad!
t was clear from his wiid appearance and behaviour
that he was deranged.
The experiences of the pas few weeks have left him
mentally unbalanced,
Hes put in a daim for expenses which is just absrd.
This a ridiculous situation to be in.
If this is one of your hare - brained sehemes I don't
want to know.
Ali lost a lot of money in an H - advised attempt to salvage the company's fortunes.
George Duke has been certified sane.
Kelime Ezberleten Kt msaI Szlk
61
ease (iz) : rahat ettirmek, skntdan kurtarmak: kolaylatrmak

ease = relax, umvind, put sb at their ease. make sb teel at home. comfort,
appease, unburden, mitigate
ease x anger : kzdrmak
Ahmet, yllardr arad arkadann Zni bulunca: "Sonunda onun Zini buldum (ease) bu da
beni RAHATLATTI, SIKINTIDAN KURTARDI" diye sevinir.
I eased her mind by telling her that the children were safe
The pain began to ease (off).
Tensions in the region have eased a little.
Now my exams have finished I can relaz and enjoy myself.
A hot bath is a very pleasant way to unv/ind.
Instead of putting me at ease, his comments made me
worry even more about the operation.
I did my best to make him feel at home but he vvasnt
happy and soon left.
I tried to comfort Jean after her mother's death.
I tried to appease them by offering to replace the car
with a brand new one.
She unburdened herself of her terrible secret.
It's unclear how to mitigate the effects of tourism on the
Island.
This article will anger most people who read it.
|00
swear (s\ver) : ant imek; yemin etmek; kfretmek

svvear = swear on the Bible, take an oath, give an assurance, assure, give an
undertaking, give sb your word, pledge; curse
swear x renege on : szn geri almak
Tatile giden anne, oluna: ieklere SU VER (swear) YEMN ET! Yoksa hepsi kurur" der.
The soldiers swore alleqiance to the constitution of the
USA.
Before giving evidence you have to svvear an oath
Can you svvear to it that you've never seen this man
before today?
Stop svvearing in front of the children
Before giving evidence you have to svvear on the Bible.
The vvitness placed her hand on the Bible and took the
oath (= promised to teli the truth).
The Russians gave Japan an assurance that they vvould
not attack.
The President has assured us that he vvill look into the
matter.
n court he had to give an undertaking that he vvould
stay avvay from his former girlfriends house.
I can't teli you her name; lve given her my word.
Many rock stars have pledged to support the carnpaign
to save the rainforests.
She hit her head on the door and cursed furiously.
The government has had to renege on its commitment
to full employmenk
6 2
assure Ur) : temin etmek; ikna etmek: sz vermek; gvence vermek

assure = persuade, get round, encourage, guarantee. give one's vvord. keep
one's promise, stand by, stick to,
assure x go back on : sznden vazgemek
"Neden hi AURE Yapmyorsun?" diye kocas sitem edince, kadncaz: "AURE iin bir
sr malzeme lazm. Bunlar (assure) TEMN EDECENE dair SZ VER. Beni KNA ET.
Gerisine karma!" der.
I can assure you (that) the medicine is perfecily safe.
The excellent revievvs given to the film bave assured its
success.
Our clients are assured of an enjoyable and trouble tree holiday.
Can he be persuaded to reconsider his decision?
I managed to get round bim by saying he could borrovv
my car anytime he vvanted.
Parents are being encouraged to take more responsibility tor their childrens education.
1can't guarantee the plan will vvork, but T give it a try.
I give you my vvord that l'll never menion the matter
again.
1prornised to let you have it if you really vvanted it and 1
will keep my promise.
Despite his family's opposition, Jack stood by his
promise to marry her.
How could she stick to the agreement now that everything had changed so drastically?
You can rely on her to do it. She wont go back on her
vvord.
63
-------------------------------- .
\ census
! alter
| malpractice
ignite
gingerly
capitulate
reign
insubordinate
ringleader
fail
enable
achieve
appeal
kidnap
nourish
i ---------------------
i nfus saym, saym

: dei(tir)mek, baka
trl olmak
: yolsuzluk; grevi ktye
kullanma
: tutu(tur)mak, yanmak;
yakmak
: byk bir dikkatle,
yavaa
: teslim olmak; silahlar
brakmak
; saltanat srmek; hakim
olmak, hkm srmek
: asi, kafa tutan
; eleba, tertipi, idareci
: baararnarnak,
becerememek;
geememek
: g, imkn vermek;
kolaylatrmak
: baarmak, stesinden
gelmek
; rica etmek, yalvarmak;
yardm dilemek; temyiz
etmek; ilgisini ekmek
: (fidye iin) (birini)
karmak
i beslemek, gda vermek;
destek olmak, bakmak,
bytmek
enforce
enlarge
malreat
mine
starve
urge
insane
ease
swear
assure
mecbur etmek;
;
uygulamak, yerine
getirmek
: by(lt)mek,
genile(t)mek,
oaltmak
: kt davranmak, eziyet
etmek
; kazp karmak
(kmr v.s); maden
(oca); mayn
: alktan lmek veya
ldrmek; ok alk
i
ekmek; yoksulluk
ekmek
i
: drtmek; zorlamak;
1
srar etmek,
: deli, ldrm; delice,
manasz
: rahat ettirmek,
skntdan kurtarmak;
kolaylatrmak
: ant imek; yemin etmek;
kfretmek
: temin etmek; ikna
etmek; sz vermek;
gvence vermek
---------------------------------------- J
64

1) You car............the appearance of a room by moving the furrlture.
a) reign
b) alter
c) enable
d) starve
e) assure
2) The fuel spontaneously............because of the high temperature and pressure.

a) ignites
b) alters
c) starves
d) mines
e) enforces
3) t seems clear that the unions will have to ............ to the governments demands.
a) ease
b) maltreat
c) reign
d) capituiate
e) ignite
4) After the dictators death, anarehy and confusion............ for several years.
a) assured
b) ignited
e) starved
d) svvore
e) reigned
5) Free education............ ordinary people to reach position of power.

a) svvore
b) mined
c) enabled
d) failed
e) capitulated
d) alter
e) maltreat
d) eased
e) reigned
6) I intend to ............against this sentence / verdict.

a) appeal
b) urge
c) nourish
7) The little girl was............by terrorists.

a) urged
b) kidnapped
c) sworn
8) After an illness,............ yourself on / with healthy soups,

a) reign
b) starve
c) nourish
d) svvear
e) enforce
9) The new teacher totally failed t o ............any ort of discipline.

a) maltreat
10)
b) appeal
c) alter
d) enforce
e) nourish
d) sworn
e) reigned
The park will have to b e ............

a) enlarged
b) maltreated
c) enforced

1) His behaviour patterns suggested he had been badly maltreated as a child.
a) nourished
2)
b) assured
c) mistreated
d) enlarged
svvorn
Thousands of people could starve if the corps fail again.

a) go hungry
b) urge
c) reign
d) swear
e) capituiate
c) svvear
d) push
e) ignite
c) enforce
d) nourish
3) Do not urge him to stay.

a) reign
b) starve
4) The pain began to ease (off).

a) assure
b) appease
ignite
5) Before giving evidence you have to svvear on the Bible.

a) take on oath
6)
b) enforce
c) starve
d) ignite
d) reign
I can assure you (that) the medicine is perfectly safe.

a) enforce
b) take on oath c) mine
d) stick to
e) mistreat
d) took on oath
e) appeased
7) Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901.

a) mined
8)
b) svvore
c) ruled
Finally, on April 16 th, the enemy surrendered.

a) swore
b) capitulated
c) vvent hungry d) appeased
e) nourished
9) I want to see England againbefore I die.

a) starve
b) swear
c) take on oath b) capituiate
e) mistreat
10) I removed the bardage carefully and looked at the vvound.

a) slyly
b) carelessly
c) gingerly
d) unenthusiastically e) rudely
65

D
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10 )
He tiptoed the door and peered round cautiously.

a) prudently
b) carelessly
c) gently
d) gingerly
e) afientively
You can rely on her lo do it. She wont go back on her word.
a) give one's word b) ease
c) eniorce
d) appeal
e) urge
The President altered his plans to inelude a chat with local workers.
a) nourished
b) reigned
c) maintained d) eased
e) kidnapped
That winter Uey had to burn some of their furniture to keep warm.
a) maintain
b) take an oath c) go back on d) extinguish
e) ignite
The Minister has resisted demands for his resignation.
a) given in
b) ignited
c) sworn
d) altered
e) urged
The school head teacher remembered him as an insubordinate child.
a) disobident
b) obedient
c) insane
d) deranged
e) stingy
This article will anger most people who read it.
a) give in
b) enforce
c) ignite
d) urge
e) appease
The soldiers svvore allegiance to the constitution o f th e USA.
a) cursed
b) urged
c) ignited
d) appeased
e) reneged on
Some of the children had been poorly nourished.
a) starved
b) cursed
c) altered
d) appeased
e) given in
Mr K. Moni has vvaived ali claim to the money.
a) taken an oath
b) maltreated
c) ignited
d) enforced
e) given up

capitulated,
enforced,
census,
mining,
nurture,
brought off,
strengthen,
reings,
failed,
ringleaders,
gingerly,
malpractice,
paid the ransom,

entreated,
ignites,
ili-treating
insane,
alter,
Defiant,
pushed up
1) We have a ............in this country every five years.

2) Aye sued her doctor / solicitor fo r..............
3) I removed the bandage............and looked at the vvound.
4) The fuel spontaneously............because of the high temperature and pressure.
5) ............party members openly challenged the leadership.
6) The British Queen............ but does not rule.
7) Erol finally............and allowed his daughter to go on holidays with her friends.
8) You can...........the appearance of a room by moving the furniture.
9) The ten ............vvere arrested and charged.
10) Despite ali their efforts to secure peace agreements, they have..............
11) If we could find some eyevvitnesses it vvould greatly............ your case.
12) Hector BERLIOZ was pleased when h e ............ a seemingly hopless attempt.
13) She............us to help her.
14) The terrorists agreed to release her after her company..............
15) As a record company direetor, his job is to ............young talent.
16) The regulations should alvvays be strictiy..............
66

17) W ar............the price of manufactured goods at home.
18) Neighbours were sure that the young couple had been............their children.
19) They are............ for salt.
20) I sometimes think lm going..............

1) She gave me her............ that she would post the cheque immediately. (assure)
2) Shes impressive on TV because her style of presentation is very ...............
(assure)
3) After a disappointing first set, Ali played............ and went on to win the match.
(assure)
4) Sweets arent very..............(nourish)
5) A young baby obtains ali the............ it needs from its mothers milk. (nourish)
6) During the war, we never contemplated............ to the enemy. (capitulate)
7) Ever since the illness I get tired very..............(ease)
8) They complained about the physical and psychological ............ of prisoners.
(treat)
9) l'm pleased to announce the ............ of the History Department by three nevv
teachers. (enlarge)
10) Shes looking for a career in law.............. (enforce)
11) The Tale of Genji has been described as the greatest............of Japanese litera
tre. (achieve)
12) The number of business............rose steeply last year. (fail)
13) The house needed extensive............when we moved in. (alter)
14) The cats were neglected and..............(starve)
15) The animals had died o f..............(starve)
16) Switch / Turn the............ on. (ignite)
17) He needs............medical attention. (urge)
18) W e............ need more help. (urge)
19) Mozarts teacher says that he lacks.............. (motivate)
20) Our staff are hard-working and highly.............. (motivate)
60
'
67
backlash (biikla) : (siyasal / toplumsal bir gelimeye kar) gl tepki; geri

tepme
backlash = reaction, response, counterblast, resistence, retaliation.
repercussion, reversal
Bilet kalmad iin konsere giremeyen genler, olaya GL bir TEPK gstermek
amacyla kapda (backlash) BEKLEmeye karar verirler.
The new President encouraged the backlash against

moral laxity'.
The accident has provoked / produced a backlash among
local people who daim that the road is dangerous.
The boy's behavior is probably a reaction against his
mother's continual vvorrying.
I got a totally different response from him than vvhat I
expected.
Her speech brought a quick counterblast from the opposition leader.
There is a lot of resistance (= opposition) to the idea of
a united Europe.
The government decided against military retaliation for
the terrorist attack.
The president's death had urexpected repercussion ali
ver the vvorld.
He demanded a reversal (= change to be the opposite)
of a previous poiicy.
ketime Ezberleten kurgusal Szlk
68
seal (sili : onaylama(k): (mhrlemek: kapamak

seal = ap p n n e, certify. autlorize, sanetion, confirmation. guaratee.
assurance: ciose, shut
seal x disapprove : onaylamamak
Seim memuru, bir ada listeden SLmee kalknca: mdr: "Ben ONAYLAMADAN.
MHRLEMEDEN (seal) sakn kimseyi listeden SLne! diye uyarda bulundu.
They sealed their agreemen by shaking hands.

The tvvo leaders sealed their agreement with a handshake.
The lavvyer stamped the certificate with her seal.
The envelope was firmly sealed
l'm sorry. 1can't teli you; my iips are sealed (= I have
promised not to teli).
t is an exceileni idea and I must say I thoroughly /
heartily approve of it.
I hereby certify that the above Information is true and
accurate.
Who authorized this expenditure?
He tried to get official sanetion for his seheme
We are stili avvaiting confirmaiion of the reports.
There is no guarantee (that) it will be nice weather
tomorrow.
Let me give you my assurance that the work wiil be finisned by the agreed date.
Ciose the window / the gate.
Shut the gate so that the dog cant get out.
Congress disapproved the legisiation.
literacy (t "irisi) : okuyup yazma, okur yazarlk
literacy = learning. education, kno\Uedge. intelligence. ediiication. erudition
literacy x illileracy : cehalet, okumanlk
ocuk. LTRE problemlerinde taklnca, baba : "Olum LTRES bin lira! Hl anlamadn
m (literac gia OKUYUP YAZMA biliorsun! OKUR YAZARlm var!" die kr
Far more resources are needea to improve adult literacy.

According to a national survey of economic literacy.
most Americans know litile about economics.
This iecnnique makes learning fun
A little learning is a dangerous hing
As a child he received most of his education at nome.
He has a limited knovvledge of French.
Even as a small child she displayed remarkable intelli
gence.
The book was vvritten for the edification of its readers.
He s a thinker of great originality and immense erudition,
n the rural areas. illiteracy is vvidespread
Kelunc Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlk
69
af'firn (ffrm-) : sylemek, iddia etmek; dor ulamak

affirm = say, State, announce, declare, \ouch fr, pronounee, certify. confirn
affirm x denv : inkr etmek
"Buralarda bir araba firmas vard" diye DDA eden arkada, sonunda irketi bulunca: "AAA
FIR M (firma) (affirm) SYLEMTM, zaten DDA ETMTM" diye arkada Ahmet e
bbrlenir,
fimi : irket, firma
he door was unlocked when I arrived," she affirmed.

t says here that the tunnel wil.l be pen at ihe end ot
1999
The official handbook clearly States what safety procedures to follovv in an emergeney.
General Motors announced profits of about S 450 million.
He declared his loyalty to the government,
Let him in, I will vouch tor this man,
Election officials have pronounced the ballot illegal.
The doctor certified me unfit to go to work for the next
month.
The company has confirmed that it will fire 300 strikers
He now denies ever having spoken to the wornan.
afford (frdl : mali gc yetmek, (bir ey iin) paras olmak; meydana
getirmek
afford = have enough, have the money, run to, spare; produce, furnish, supply
FORD marka araba arayan kii sonunda istedii arabay bulunca : "AA bir FORD! (afford)
buna MAL GCM YETER*. PARAM da VAR" diye sevinir.
I think we can afford a new washing machine.

i cani afford three vveeks away from vvork.
The tree afforded us shelter from the rain
fil have erough time to read the report this evening
nyone wuo has the money to buy a Ferrari must be
very reach,
I don't think my salary quite runs to holidays in ihe
Caribbean!
The firm has agreed to improve the toilet facilities as
soon as they can spare the money.
France produces a great deal of wine for export.
The polie have been furnished with a list of suspected
terrorists.
The Steel industry depends on a regular supply of raw
materials
70
6U n"
escalate (es'kleyt) : yksel(t)mek; kztrmak, kzmak, (sava, anlamazlk)

escalate = increase, be on tle increase, intensify, expand. extend, step up,
boarden, raise, heighten fears /'effect
escalate x chvindle : klmek
Soyu tkenmi hayvan SKELETlerinin sergilendii mzede, bir dinozor SKELETinin yerde
durduunu gren mdr: "Bu SKELET (escalate) YKSELMEL, YKSELTMEK iin ge
rekeni yapn!" der.
His financial problems escalated after he became
unemployed.
The escalating rate of inflation will almost certainly bring
escalating prices.
The government escalated the war by starting to bornb
enemy cities.
Crime levels are increasing rapidly throughout the country.
Pneumonia has been on the increase recently.
The fighting intensified and spread through the city.
Trade betvveen developing countries and industrialized
countries is beginning to expand.
The US government is stili trying to extend its influence
ver European politics.
Mustafa has overweight, so he stepped his fitness pro
gram up.
The company must boarden its economic base if it is to
survive.
People's hopes were raised by a report that peace talks
had begun.
Fears of an invasion were heightened by long-range
bornb attacks.
The music actually heightened the dramatic effect of the
film
Her supporters gradually dvvindled to tvvo ot three loyal
friends.
607 se
sue=^S1prosecute,
J: âvaa5put
maksb on trial for, be tried, be on trial, stand trial for, take to
court, come to trial
Akl hastasn SU' ile konuurken gren doktoru, nedenini sorunca; hasta: "Suya (sue) DAVA
AMAK STYORUM der.
She is suing her husband for divorce.
Some newspapers were prosecuted for breaches of
security.
The couple were put on trial for fraud and found guilty.
The suspect will be tried within the next few weeks.
Three men are now on trial after a series of terrorist
attacks.
George and his accompiice, Hindley, stood trial for the
killings.
She is tfreatening to take me to court for not paying the
bili on time
Your case vvont come to trial until next summer.
71
p f | 0 incite (nsayt?) : tevik etmek, kkrtmak

StJO jncjte _ pro\oke, stir up, stoke up, instigate, push, drive, put up to, vvlip up
incite x put off : soutmak, vazgeirmek
Acemi seyis altrd at TEVK ETMEK yerine hayvan KIKIRTINCA, antrenr: "ATI
NCTme (incite) onu TEVK ETMEK lazm. KIKIRTMAK deil!" diye uyanda bulunur.
He was kept in solitary confinement because it was
feared he might incite another riot.
I'm sure she vvouldn't just hit someone for no reason.
You must have provoked her.
The soldiers were sent into the foreign country to stir up
violence among the natives.
The enemy have sent men into the villages to stoke up
opposition to our help.
The revolt in the North is believed to have been instigated
by a disappointed ex-government official.
He pushed her into making a decision.
That noise is driving me out of my mind.
I think 1knovv who put hirn up to cheating.
The speaker soon whipped the crowd up until they were
ready to march.
Don't talk, it puts her off her game.
ail (evi) : rahatsz olmak; sknt vermek, rahatsz etmek; hasta olmak
ail = upset, distress, hurt, hurt s b s feeling, get upset, take sth to heart, get
vvorked up; afflict
Hasta ocuk muayene iin doktora direnince, annesi: Olum EL sene! (ail) Hem etraf
RAHATSIZ EDYORSUN hem de bana SIKINTI VERYORSUN!" diye kzar.
The government seems to have no understanding of
what ails the country
I dont knovv vvhats ailing her (= making her unhappy or
upset)
They vvere careful not to upset Nilgn vvhile she was
pregnant.
I dont vvish to distress you any further but I must ask
you a few questions about the accident.
You knovv I vvould never do anything to hurt you.
I am sorry if I hurt you feeling.
I get upset vvhen I see people being cruel to animals
He was drunk. Dont take his vvords to heart.
There's no point getting vvorked up. Clam dovvn and
think about vvhat you are going to do.
t is a disease which mainly afflicts individuals between
30 and 50 years of age.
Kelime Ezberleten Kn gua 1S z l k
72
invest (invest' : (para) yatrmak; (para, g, zaman) sarf'etmek

invest = put mone> into, spend. lav out, put out, put in, venture. e.\pend, ciisbur.se
imest x vvitidravv : (banka hesabndan) ekmek
Trende yolculuk eden bir giriimci: "Acaba nereye YATIRIM YAPSAM0" diye arkadana
sorunca: "Bir ie PARA YATIRMAK (invest) istiyorsan N WEST duranda. Oradan daha
uygun bir yer bulamazsn" diye t verdi.
The institue wi!l invest 5 million in the project.
I have invested a lot of time and effort in this plan, and I
don't wani it to fail.
Investors who put their money into the bankrupt company
have iost everyihing.
We spent a fortune when we were in stanbul.
She iaid out S 2000 on a new carpet.
Make sure you put out your savings at a high rate of
interest.
People vvith small savings are advised not to put their
money in companies vvhere there is a high risk.
He ventured the company's reputation on his new
invention.
We wouid not want to expend any more of our
resources on this project.
The VVorld Bank and the IMF have agreed to disburse
financial aid to the country
This credit card allovvs you to withdraw up to S 2500 a
day from cash dispensers.
suffer (sAfr) : ac ekmek, strap ekmek
suf'fer = endure, undergo, go through, be in the grip of, be in the throes of, be
subject to, pass through, neet vvith
Kuyumcu ra: "SAFR ta nasl ilenir?" diye sorunca, ustas: "SAFR ilemek iin (st
ler) ACI EKMEK, baka bir deyile bu sanatn tlim inceliklerini renmen lazm" der.
Ail chiidren suffer a good deal when parents divorce
The country is stili suffering the efiecs of a war which
ended two years ago.
She had to endure countless atacks on her reputation
from popular nevvspapers,
The country is undergoing the strains of rapid population
' grovvth.
There vvas no denying that she had gne through a very
difficuli ordeal.
The Sudan vvas in the grip of its vvorst ramine for 20 years.
The naion vvas in the throes of a dreadful war and could
do nothing io stop the invasion
Black people in the area are cfaiming tbey have been subjected to repeated racial attacks from polie officers.
The university is passing through a difficult period of
change.
I'm afraid your husband has met vvith a siight accident,
but he isn't seriously hurt.
73
minimal (mn'ml) : en az. asgari, en aa

minimal = the least, the fevvest, the tmesi, minimum, an all-time lovv, itmest
ebb, the slightest
minimal x maximum : en cok
Mteri, kalan MALlar pahal di ve satn almak istemeyince, tezuhtar: 'Tam aksine bunlar
fiyat MN MAL (minimal) EN Z. ASGAR olaniaMder.
Fortunately there were no injuries and damage to the
factory was minimal.
The storm did only minimal damage.
Her elothing was minimal.
VVhich method will cause the least difficulty?
Which method will cause the tevvesi probiems?
Interesi rates are only 4%, the lovvest tor 25 years.
This year the company vvill only accept a minimum
number of job applications
Exports of manufactured goods are now at an all-time lovv.
Wiih the companys fortunes at their lovvest ebb for 25
years lay-orfs seem inevitable.
I haven't the slightest idea {= I have no idea) what you
are talking about.
Maxirnum levels of investment have gne into this new
venture.
V ../
shatter (at'r) : kr(l)nak, parampara etmek, darmadan etmek

shatter = break, sap, fraeture, crack, dip, srasl. splinter. erumble, cut off;
destroy, obliterate
shatter x mend : onarmak
rak SATIRia bonfile vapmava kalknca, kasap; "Olum. SATIRla bonfileyi (shatter) PA
RAMPARA ETMEK. DARMADAIN ETMEKmi isfiyorstn! Hemen brak o SATIR!" der.
The glass shattered into a housand iiny pieces..
Ail his dreams have been shattered
The book shattered ali her illusions about the Romans.
Leave that clock alone - youll break it.
He was snapping pieces of firevvood ver his knee and
throvving (hem onio the fire.
My grandmother teli davvn the stairs and fractured her
ankle.
VVho cracked my mirror?
I m sorry, but I have chipped this cup
Her camera was smashed by the soldiers vvhen she
tried to take photographs.
Soft vvood splinters easily.
I knew the vvine wouldn't taste good because the cork
crumbled vvhen I opened the bootle
Lasi night's severe snovvstorm cut off three viilages.
Huge areas ot rainforest are being desroyed every year
by multinational companies seeking quick profits.
Frequent fiooding eventually obliterated ali traces of the
community ihat used to live there.
I must mend the garden gate this vveekend.
74
setlate (sdeyt) : temkinli: sakin: arbal

sedate = calm, cool, unruffled, even-tempered, placid, composed, serene,
collected, passionless
sedate x nervous : gergin, sinirli
Yeni grev iin TEMKNL, AIRBALI birini arayan genel mdr: "Bu ii SEDAT'A ver
meli (sedate) TEMKNL; SAKN bir kiilii var" diye dnr.
Since he got married, hes much more sedate.
Barbara tried to stay calm but her hands were shaking.
Doctors are expected to be cool and act quickly in an
emergency.
She was a determined politician who appeared unruffled
by such eriticisin.
Both of the Harrisons are remarkably even-tempered.
There was a worried look on her normaily placid face.
I don't know how she managed to look so calm and
composed.
She is serene and dignified.
I don't understand how Mustafa can stay so calm and
collected before big competitions.
They had a passionless marriage.
Do you feel nervous during exams?
profess (prfes) : aka sylemek, itiraf etmek; iddia etmek, taslamak
profess = confess, acknovviedge, daim , allege, declare, pronounce, announce;
pretend
profess x repudiate : reddetmek
Sylentileri kabul etmeyen bir PROFESR: "(profess) AIKA SYLEMEK. TRAF
ETMEK gerekirse, hakkmda DDA EDLENLER tamamen geree aykrdr" diye kendini
savunur.
She professes not to be interested in money.
Against the advice of his lawyer he confessed to the
murder.
I acknovvledged that it was kind of her to forgive my
carelessness.
He claims that his grandfather was a personal friend of
Roosevelt.
He was alleged to have been the leader of a plot to
assassinate the pope,
Finally, the doctor declared that the man was dead.
I novv pronounce you man and wife.
Several banks have announced their intention to reduce
their vvorkforce.
She pretended to be interested, but I could see she
vvasn't.
I utterly repudiate those remarks.
75
premium (pr'miyn) : prim; (satta) hediye; sigorta creti

premium = bonus, commission, overtime, tip, perk, fringe benefits, prize, avvard
"e balad ilk gnde satlardan PRM almadn" diye alay edilen yeni eleman: "Ben bu iin
PRMYM ki (premium) hemen PRM alaym!" diye kr.
The company is willing to pay a premium in order to get
the right petson for the job.
Car insurance premiums have increased this year.
Glay earned a $ 15000 bonus for being the best
salesperson of the year
His basic salary is lovv but he gets 20 % commission on
everything he selis.
Teachers never get paid overtime
We finished our lunch and left a tip on the table for the
vvaiter.
t is not alvvays fun being an air hostess, but the perks
are good.
The salary isn't very high but fringe benefits include free
health insurance and a company car.
Daniel BARENBOIM won a prize for having the best
exam results in the school,
Who do you think should win the Academy Avvard for
Best Director this year?
017
facility (fslti) : kolaylk; yetenek; tesis

facility = ease, fluency, efficiency, dexterity; abilitv, capabilitv, aptitude, skill,
talent
facility x hardship : sknt, glk
Bir filmde kpeklerin ark sylediini gren ocuk olay merak edince, babas: "Bunlar FA
SIL T (facility) kendilerine KOLAYLIK salanm. stelik onlarda YETENEK de var" der.
This phone has a memory facility.
His facility for memorizing dates was astonishing.
The hospital spokesperson said a temporary ten-bed
facility wou!d pen this month.
She won the 400 m race vvith ease (= vvithout difficulty).
He spoke vvith fluency and directness.
What is so impressive about their society is the efficien
cy of the public Services.
The bail was caught vvith great dexterity.

t ali depends on the level of ability of the student
Only two countries - Russia and America - have the
capability to send humans into space.
Ali applicants are given aptitude tests before being invited for intervievv.
This course is designed to develop the studenfs reading and vvriting skills.
His artistic talents were vvasted in his boring job
She led a life of terrible poverty and hardship.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurumal Szlk
76
hardy (har'di) : dayankl, kuvvetli: cesur, gzpek: kendine gvenen: kstah

hardy = strong, sturdy, povvertul, strapping. robust: brave. courageous.
f'eariess
hardy x povverless : zayf
ngilizce retmeni Tlomas Hardy'yi anlatrken: "Eer HARDY (hardy) DAYANIKLI:
CESUR: KENDNE GVENEN bir yazar olmasayd, imdi onu nl bir air ve yazar olarak
anmavacakuk" der.
The penguin needs to be hardy to withstand the freezing
elimate.
You have to be hardy to live in such an inhospitable
place
She had three daughters, ali sirong and healthy.
Of course she'll finish the elimb, shes very sturdy.
With his powerful physique, Ziya could have been a fine
athlete.
The farmers daughters vvere a fine pair of strapping
young giri.
Tbougb he was ver seventy, he was stili robust and
aotive,
Confronting the attacker was the bravest thing l've ever
done.
After a courageous struggle against cancer, he died at
the age of thirty.
Her fearless opposition to the rnilitary dictatorship has
won admiration from around the vvorld.
The polie seem to be povverless (= unable) to prevent
these attacks.
nadir (neydr) : en aa nokta, dip
nadir = zore, lovvest point, bottum, bed, floor, minimum
nadir x zetith : doruk, zirve
Kemanc NADR eskisi gibi almaynca, kariyerinde (nadir) EN AAI NOKTAya gelir.
The defeat was the nadir of her career.
Driving conditions are dangerous because heavy rainhas reduced visibility almost to zero (= its lowest
point).
The ansvver is at the bottom of the page.
We found the vvrecked ship on the sea bed.
The floor of the cave was quite dry.
This price is her minimum; she refuses to lovver it any
further.
n the early 1900s, Tolstoy was at the zenith of his
achievement.
77
nauseate (n'ziyeyt) : midesini b u lan d rm ak , irendirm ek: tiksinmek, nefret

etmek
nauseate = vomit, sicken. turn one's stomach, disgust, re\olt, repei, outrage.
uffend
Kk ocuk kediye EZYET etmeye kalknca, annesi: "NO EZYET (nauseate) insann
MDESN BULANDIRMAK houna m gidiyor'? Bu gidile senden NEFRET ETMEYE
balayacam!" diye sylenir.
He is nauseated by the smell of meat cooking.
The way he shouts at his wife nauseates me.
He was vomiting blood.
Their hypocrisy sickens me.
The smell of trying onions really turns my stomach (=
makes me feel sick).
You dont just bore me. You disgust me!
I have always been revolted by the vey idea of deliberately causing pain
His arrogance repels many people.
A proposed 5 % pay cut has outraged staff at the warehouse.
i was very offended that you forgot my birthday.
621
âsten (fsn) : b alatn lm ak : tuttu r(u l)m ak ; (gzn) ayrm am ak; stnde
d u rm a k
fasten = attach, fix, affix, conect, join, tie; focus on, seize on/upon
fasten x untie : zmek
Padiah haritaya bakarak: "FAS'IN bize (fasten) BALANMASI iin ne yapalm? Oray
imparatorluumuza BALAMAK istiyorum" der.
Fasten your seat belts.
He fastened his coat.
She fastened the notice to the board
She fastened her eyes on him,
The president fastened on the idea at nce
Attach a recent photograph to your application form.
VVII you fix the shelf to the wall at the vveekend?
He affixed his signature to the coniract.
Can I connect my printer to your Computer?
Russia is joined to Eastern Europe by ali sorts of economic ties.
She tied the ribbon tightly in a bow/knot.
Focus your attention on your work.
The Administration immediately seized on the idea of
sending the forces back into the Gulf.
Could someone help Mustafa untie his shoelaces,
please?
78
fallacy (fal'si) : yanl dnce: aldatmaca, yanltmaca, hile

fallacy : misconception, old \\ives" tale, nistaken beiief, delusion, illusion.
superstition, mistake, oversight, slip, error
Kznn srekli FAL baktrdn anlayan anne: "Aklndan FALI SL Fala inanmak (fallacy)
YANLI DNCE, ADLATMAdan baka bir ey deildir" diye onu uyarr.
t is a common fallacy that vvomen are worse drivers
than men.
No, it is not actuaily true that rail travel is more expensive
- thats a misconception.
t is not true that if trees have a lot of fruit in the autumn
it will be a cold vvinter - that's just an old wives' tale
When 1 started as a teacher I had the mistaken beiief
that ali kids are interested in learning.
She's suffering from the delusion that he will marry her.
n Australia there is a widespread illusion that there are
no class barriers.
It's an old superstition that vvaiking under a ladder is
unlucky.
We ali make mistakes.
t was an oversight on my part, and I accept responsibility.
Don't worry - we ali make slips from time to time.
See if the student can correct his own spelling errors.
623
clel'rium (dlriym) : sayklama; lgnlk; taknlk

deliririm = insanity, madness, derangement, incoherence, lallucination, lunacy
deliririm x sanity : akl banda olma, aklllk
Yksek ate nedeniyle SAYIKLA.MAya balayan gen, aniden uyannca: "Galiba

DELRYORUM (deiirium) SAYIKLAMA artmaya balad" diye endie eder
We are very vvorried about Mehmet because he s been
in a State of deiirium for so long.

I have never seen suct deiirium (= excied happiness)
at a football match before.
He was found not guilty of murder by reason of insanity.
Ste felt as if ste was sliding into madness (= becoming
mentally ili).
Because of lack of food and sleep, many of the prisoners
were in a State of (mentai) derangement.
The recession, he said, was a direct result of the inco
herence of the governments economic policy.
Auditory hallucinations (= Hearing sounds which are not
there) are a symptom of scbizophrenia.
t would be lunacy to try and climb the mountain in this
vveather.
He'd been behaving so strangely that they began to
doubt / guestion his sanity.
Kelime Ezberleten Kumsal SzUik

sleer (r) : srf: btnyle: sarp, dik; saf
sleer = absolute, complete, arrant. utter, abrupt, steep, precipitous: pre,
simple
sheer x gradual : derece derece, kademeli
Bir renci: "Benim yazdm iir (sheer) BTNYLE, SAF Rdir" diye vnr.
The suggestion is sheer nonsense.
t was sheer luck.
t was the sheerest coincidence that we met.
Walkers must keep to the path and keep well away trom
the sheer, high cliffs
He's an absolute idiot/moron.
The man is a complete fool.
He dismissed the rumours as arrant' nonsense.
The meeting was an utter vvaste of time.
The road erded in an abrupt (= sudden and very steep)
slope dovvn to the sea.
The castle is set on a steep hill / hillside.
We slowly made our way dovvn the precipitous mountain
path.
The minister dismissed the nevvspaper reports as pre
speculation.
Ali was just a simple fisherman.
There has been a gradual improvement in our sales figures ver the last two years.
79
80
trail (treyl) : izlemek; srkle(n)mek; srnmek

trail = f'ollo\v/on, track, pursue, go after. give Chase; drag, haul, creep. crasvl
trail x catch : yakalamak
Acemi for TREYLeri ZLEMEYE balaynca, mteri: "TREYleri (trail) ZLEMEK art
m? Uuruma SRKLENMEK mi istiyorsun!'' diye sylenir
The polie trailed the criminal to his hiding-place.
He sat on the side of the boat and trailed his feet in
the vvater.
Her iong skirt was trailing along in the mud behind
her.
According to the latest polis, the Republicans trail the
Democrats by 10 %.
Franz LISZT vvalked in, followed by a crowd of photographers.
You go ahead. I'll follow on later.
Dogs are used to track the vvoives to their lair in the
forest.
The ship was being pursued by enemy submarines.
He went after her to try to explain that he hadn't really
meant to hurt her.
The driver saw the robbery quite clearly but it was
impossible to give Chase because of ali the traffic.
The bottorn of her ong dress dragged (along) in the
dust.
They help to haul the mans body out of sight.
The dog crept under the car to hide.
The baby crawled across the room.
t threw the bali, and the dog caught it in his mouth.
Kelinle Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlk

; backlash
j seal
literacy
affirm
afford
escalate
sue
ncite
ail
invest
j suffer
minimal
shatter
i -------------------
: (siyasal / toplumsal bir

gelimeye kar) gl
tepki; geri tepme
: onaylama(k);
mhr(lemek);
kapamak
: okuyup yazma, okur
yazarlk
; sylemek, iddia etmek;
dorulamak
: mali gc yetmek, (bir
ey iin) paras olmak;
meydana getirmek
: yksei(t)mek;
kztrmak, kzmak,
(sava, anlamazlk)
: dava amak
: tevik etmek, kkrtmak
i rahatsz olmak; sknt
vermek, rahatsz etmek;
hasta olmak
: (para) yatrmak; (para,
g, zaman) sarfetmek
: ac ekmek, strap
ekmek
: en az, asgari, en aa
: kr(l)mak, parampara
etmek, darmadan
etmek
81
sedate
profess
premium
facility
hardy
nadir
nauseate
fasten
fallacy
delirium
sheer
trail
: temkinli; sakin; arbal

: aka sylemek, itiraf
etmek; iddia etmek,
taslamak
: prim; (satta) hediye;
sigorta creti
: kolaylk; yetenek; tesis
: dayankl, kuvvetli;
cesur, gzpek;
kendine gvenen;
|
kstah
: en aa nokta, dip
: midesini bulandrmak,
irendirmek; tiksinmek,
nefret etmek
: baia(n)mak;
tuttur(ul)mak; (gzn) 1
ayrmamak; stnde
durmak
; yanl dnce;
aldatma, yanltmaca,
hile
: sayklama; lgnlk;
taknlk
; srf; btnyle; sarp,
dik; saf
: izlemek; srkle(n)mek;;
srnmek
82

1) The new President encouraged the............against moral laxity.
a) backlash
b) delirium
c) premium
d) nadir
e) bottom
d) escalated
e) sued
d) fasten
e) sue
2) T h e y .............. their agreement by shaking hands.
a) trailed
3)
a) afford
4)
b) invest
c) incite
b) literacy
c) premium
d) bottom
e) delirium
d) ail
e) seal
I think we can ..............a new vvashing machine.
a) afford
6)
c) sealed
Far more resources are needed to improve a d u lt................
a) nadir
5)
b) afforded
If you dont return our property, we vvill................
b) profess
c) nauseate
His financial problem s............. . after he became unemployed.
a) fastened
b) trailed
c) nauseated
d) escalated
e) afforded
7) They were careful not t o ......... .... Nilgn vvhile she was pregnart.
a) upset
8)
a) shatter
9)
c) escalate
d) profess
e) sue
b) suffer
c) nauseate
d) fasten
e) sue
c) shattered
d) sued
e) trailed
Ali his dreams have b e e n .......
a) suffered
10)
b) shatter
Ali children ..............a good deal when parents divorce.
b) nauseated
I ..............that it was kind of her to forgive my carelessness.
a) suffered
b) shattered
c) trailed
d) acknovvledgede) sued

1) The company is vvilling to pay a premium in order to get the right person for the
job.
a) literacy
b) nadir
d) facility
e) fallacy
d) fallacy
e) illiteracy
d) fallacy
e) dexterity
c) incites
d) vomits
e) fastens
c) Nauseate
d) Escalate
e) Untie
c) bonus
2) This phote has a memory facility.

a) ease
b) literacy
c) bonus
3) The defeat was the nadir of her career.
a) hardship
b) bottom
c) literacy
4) The way he shouts at his wife nauseates me.

a) invests
b) escalates
5) Fasten your seat belts.

a) Tie
b) ncite
6) t is a common fallacy that women are vvorse drivers than men.

a) bonus
b) nadir
c) delirium
d)seal
e) misconception
7) We are very worried about Mehmet hes been in a State of delirium for so long.
a) misconception b) insanity
c) facility
d) backlash
e) aptitude
d) sturdy
e) arrant
d) professed
e) sued
d) composed
e) minimal
8) The suggestion is sheer nonsense.

a) sedate
b) minimal
c) hardy
9) The polie trailed the criminal to his hiding-place.

a) gave Chase
10)
b) affirmed
c) invested
Since he get married, hes much more sedate.
a) sheer
b) delirious
c) siy
83

1)
We are very worried about Mehmet hes been in a State of delirium for so long.
a) hardship
2)
b) literacy
c) faliacy
d) backlash
e) sanity
c) sedate
d) hardy
e) sturdy
t was sheer luck.
a) absoluie
b) gradual
3) You have to be hardy to live in such an inhospitable place.

a) povverless
b) delirious
c) strapping
d) sturdy
e) sedate
4) The defeat was the nadir of her career.

a) zero
b) faliacy
c) misconception d) illiteracy
e) zenih
5) The storm did only minimal damage.

a) least
6)
b) sedate
c) maximum
d) hardy
e) delirious
d) affirm
e) shatter
d) put oft
e) incited
The institute will inyest 5 million in the project.
a) withdraw
b) suffer
c) incite
7) He pushed her into making a decision.

a) shattered
8)
a) nauseated
9)
c) professed
b) professed
c) ailed
d) dvvindled
e) increased
The door was unlocked when I arrived, Perihan aJOrmed.
a) vouched for
10 )
b) ailed
His financial problems escalated after he became unemployed.
b) vomited
c) nauseated
d) sued
e) denied
d) premium
e) facility
This technique makes learnino fun.
a) delirium
b) illiteracy
c) seal

minimal,
facility,
seal,
escalated,
fastened,
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
faliacy,
sheer,
ails,
repudiate,
afford,
calm,
sturdy,
sickens,
zenith,
literacy,
driving
suing,
announced,
shattered,
dragged,
backlash,
endure,
put out,
premiums,
hallucinations
The new President encouraged the............ against moral laxity'.

The lawyer stamped the ceriificate with her..............
Far more resources are needed to improve adult..............
General Motors............ profits of about S 950 million.
I cant ............three weeks away from work.
The government............ the war by starting to bomb enemy cities.
Hande is ............ her husband for divorce.
That roise is ............me out of my mind.
The government seems to have no understanding of what............the country.
Make sure you............ your savings at a high rate of interest.
She had to ............ countless attacks on her reputation from popular nevvspapers.
Her clothing was..............
Ali her dreams have been..............
Beril tried to stay............ but her hands were shaking.
I utterly............ those remarks.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusu! Szlik
84
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
Car insurance............ have increased this year.

His............ fo r memorizing dates was astonishing.
Of course ilhan OKUNTUNA will finish the climb, he's very...............
n early 1900s, Gustav MAHLER was at the............ of his achievement,
Their hypocrisy..........me.
EMEL............the notice to the board.
t is a common............that women are vvorse drivers than men.
Auditory............ are a sympom o f schizophrenia.
t was............ luck.
The bottom of her long dress............ (along) in the dust.

1) The more bombs have been discovered since the polie ............ of the area /
building. (seal)
2) We vvelcome the governments ............ of its intention to act. (affirrn)
3) DUYGU asked the question expecting a n ..............(affirrn)
4) She answered..............(affirrn)
5) That store selis nice clothes............ and they are s o ............... (afford)
6) Its difficult to explain the recent............ in/of violent erime, (escalate)
7) T meet you by the up/down............ on the second floor. (escalate)
8) They were each sentenced to one years imprisonment for ............ to commit
grievous bodily harm. (incite)
9) He died of a heart.............. (ail)
10) She asked for some time off work so that she could visit her............ father. (aii)
11) New tax incentives will be introduced in the hope of stimulating future..............
(invest)
12) A New York ............ offered to acquire the companys shares for 13 each.
(invest)
13) The iines around her eyes told of years o f ..............(suffer)
14) He does a lot of work vvith AIDS.............. (suffer)
15) The family were............ (= extremely upset) at the news of ALs suicide. (sfatter)
16) This drug has a ............ effect and should not be taken wfen driving. (sedate)
17) Shes good at everytling she does............ its quite............... (nauseate)
18) I detest the ort of ads that use............ (= in avvay that I do not like) cute children
and animals. (nauseate)
Kelime Ezberleten Kurmsal Szlk
85
particular (prtkylr) : zel; titiz, merakl; dikkate deer

partieular = speciai, specific, unusual. out of the ordinary, esceptional, notable,
unique, separate, individual
particular x general : genel
Atna taklan eski YULAR. beenmeyen sahibi: "u yrtk PIRTIK YULAR hemen
deitirin! (particular) Bu benim iin ZEL bir gn. TTZ, MERAKLI olduumu ne abuk
unuttunuz? diye sylenir.
Theres no particular reason why you shouldn't go.
She's very particular about her food.
Is there anything speciai that you vvould like to do
today?
Are you doing anything specific this vveekend?
The bread had an unusual flavour.
Something out of the ordinary happened to us that
night.
Graham Gteene had exceptional talents as a story
teller.
Most of the directors are men, but Ms Parker is a
notable exception.
Each person's fingerprints are unique.
This word has three separate meanings.
Each individual leaf on the tree is different.
There is a general feeling that this law isn't vvorking
properly.
86
muster ( n i A S t r ) : toplamak: yoklama iin bir ara y a toplamak: bir araya

toplanmak
muster = assenble, meet, gather, cone together. congregate, roud up,
con\ene, bring together, summon
muster x disperse : dalmak, datmak
nsan kaynaklan mdr, i grmesine gelen adaylara hitaben yapt konumada: "inizde
MASTER yapanlar (muster) YOKLAMA YAPMAK N BR ARAYA TOPLAMAK
zorundaym. BR ARAYA TOPLANMANIZ iin size 3 dk. zaman veriyorum" der.
The troops mustered on !he hill.
I mustered (up) my courage and walked onto the stage.
He mounted a serious of successful exhibitions, but was
unable to muster the necessary financial suppor.
pass muster: (yaplm bir i) istenildii gibi olmak.
This won't pass muster. (Olmam bu.)
At the beginning of the day, we ali assenble in the main
hail to be addressed by the head teacher.
The bus trip leaves at 9 am - everyone should meet at
8.30.
People gathered at the Dakota building when they
heard of John Lennons death.
People came together from ali ver the country to
attend his funeral.
Dozens of fans had congregated around his dressing room door.
Round up a few friends to help you!
The President's foreign policy advisers convened tor an
emergency session.
The opposing forces on the island have been brought
together for peace talks
n late October the PM summoned an emergency meeting.
After school the children dispersed to their homes.
87
nasty <nas'ti) : kt, irkin, hoa gitmeyen

nasty = disagreeable, unpleasant. obnosious, objeetionable. horrible, dirty. \ile.
indecet, odious
nasty x pleasant = ho, gzel______________________________________________
"NEZ TEA" advla pivasaya srlen veni CAY tadanlarn ortak g r s udur: '"NEZ TE A
(nasty) KT. RKN ve hatta HOA GTMEYEN bir kokuya sahip "
What a nasty mind (= a rude or unkind vvay of thinking)
youve.
The situation could tum (= become) nasty (= unpleas
ant, esp. violent) at any moment.
He tumed nasty (= started to threaten me) vvhen I said I
couldnt pay him.
t ieft a nasty taste in my mouth
She said some very disagreeable things.
Most people find him a mean and unpleasant old man.
I really vviil not tolerate such obnoxious behaviour.
Mrs Taylor is one of the doctor's most objeetionable patients.
My sister is a horrible spoilt child.
That's a dirty lie!
This vile policy oi ethnic eleansing must be stopped.
They proceeded to divide up the death woman's
beiongings with indecent haste.
Henry Bavington plays the part of Mr Grimes, the odious
neadmaster
The town is very pleasant - full of parks and pretty streets.
29
sin (sin) : su: gnah: kusur; gnah ileme

sin = erime, offence, misdeed, vvrong. iniquity. transgression, ev il, vice, error
sin x virtue : doruluk
Ali nin ok yaramazlk yaptn gren babas: 'Hemen bir yere SN! (sin) SU iledin!
KUSURlusun! Yazk GNAH o anneeiine!'" d i\ e ona t verir.
Parents teach their children not to commit sins.
Roman Catholics confess their sins to their priests.
I think it is a sin (= is moraily vvrong) to vvaste food. vvhen
so many people in the vvorld are hungry,
The polie are introducing new measures to deai vvith
the grovving problem of etime.
Drlving vvithout a licence is an offence..
t is not fair to blame tbem for their parents misdeeds.
He has done us a great vvrong
They fought long and hard against the iniguities of
apartheid.
Transgression of the rules was met vvith severe punishment,
Each leader vvould denounce his predecessor, blaming
him for ali the evils of the past
My o n e re al vice (= bad habit) is chocolate.
He admitted that he'd made an error
Patience is a virtue.
Kelime Ezberleteli Kurmsal Szlk

base (beys) : kurmak, (temel) atmak, tesis etmek
base = establish, found, construct, build, form, locate, station
base on / up : dayandrmak
Yeni KURULAN BASE Ball takmnn antrenr: Bir BASE ball takm (base) KURMAK
iin hep birlikte alalm. TEMEL iyi ATARSAK ileride rahat ederiz" der.
Where is your company based?
They based their estimate on the figures for the last
three years.
The film is based on a novel by D.H. Lavvrence.
As soon as Ruanda became independent, it established
its own national bank,
The college was founded by James LEVNE in 1918.
The wall is constructed of concrete.
They are building new houses by the river.
The party leaders were hoping they would form the next
government.
The company hopes to locate in its new offices by June.
Armed guards were stationed around the airport.
barter (bartr) : dei toku (etmek), takas (yapmak)
barter = exchange, svvap, do a svvap, trade, trade up, bargain, deal in
ini deitirmek isteyen BAR sahibi, BAR satp TIRla (barter) DE TOKU EDER
TAKAS YAPAR.
He bartered his stamp collection for her comics.
They bartered farm products for machinery.
He bartered his freedom away for a little comfort.
The government is issuing coupons vvhich can be
exchanged tor food.
fil svvap my sweets for your tennis ball.
Look, Lets do a swap-my CD player for your video
recorder.
I traded my radio for a typewriter
He's sold his Ford Escort and traded up to a Sierra,
If you bargain with them they might reduce the price
She deals in men's clothing.
89
bargain (bargn) : pazarlk (etmek), uyumak

bargain = haggle, barter, deal, do business, trade: agree. go along \vith, (ali in
w ith. reach agreement withI*
Scak bir temmuz gn uzayp giden PAZARLIKtan bunalan yal kadncaz BAYILINCA,
tezghtar: "Bu kadn BAYGIN (bargain) PAZARLIK ETMEK bir ie yaramaz der.
The unions bargain vvith the employers for betler rates
of pay each year
I left them bargaining ver the price.
t is traditional that you haggle over/about the price of
things in the market.
The farmers hoarded grain to barter for machinery and
goods.
We only deal vvith companies vvhich have a good credit
record.
I hope you'il think about my offer. Im sure we can do
business.
Japan needs to trade vvith Europe and the US to ensure
economic stability.
The project cant go ahead until the finance committee
agrees.
The bank decided to go along vvith our proposal and lent
us the 10 million pounds we needed.
She expects her friends to fail in vvith everything she
vvants to do,
We are determined to reach agreement vvith the IMF
before the end of the year.
90
delicate (del'kt) : nazik, narin: hassas, dakik, titiz

delicate = e.\quisite, fine, fragiie. feeble. frail. weak, sensitive, tender, graceful.
fastidious
delicate x robust : gl, kuvvetli
KATE. DEL dolu diye arkadalar tarafndan eletirilince, ablas: Evet bizim DEL K.ATE
biraz yledir. Ama (delicate) NAZK, NARN. HASSAS bir kiilii vardr" diye onu korur.
Delicate piants need to be kept in a greenhouse during
the vvinter.
The pay negotiations have reached a delicate point.
I think Cindy was delicate; her health was not good.
Bees have a delicate sense of smell.
lve just bought an exquisite piece of china.
This building is the finest example of its type.
Be careful with that vase - its very fragiie and worth a
lot ot money.
Youll find your grandfather is a lot feebler than when
you last saw him.
She's now eighty, and becoming too frail to live alone.
You are bound to feel weak after a fever
We are sensitive to the needs and expectations of our
customers.
She gave him a tender look.
He made a graceful speech accepting the nomination.
He is very fastidious about how a suitcase should be
packed.
You need to be robust to go rock climbing.
disniss (dsmis) : iten karmak, kovmak: grevden almak; gitmesine izin
vermek
disniss = lav off. fire. sack. give sb the sack, make sb redundant, shed,
discharge; release, f'ree
Patron: "Neden zgnsn'1 Bir ey mi oldu?"
si, personel mdresini kastederek: "THIS M S S bu bavn (disniss; beni TEN IKAR
MAK. GREVDEN ALMAK istiyor".
If you are late again you will be dismissed (from your job)
The teacher dismissed the class early.
5000 car workers have been laid off at the factory in
Cleveland.
Shes a terrible boss - she fires people tor the slightesi
mistake.
She vvas sacked lor stealing.
If you are late again the boss will give you the sack.
At least 1000 Computer programmers have been made
redundant in the past year.
The factory is planning to shed about a quarter of its
workforce.
When John was discharged in 1999 he went to London,
iooking tor work.
He was reieased to complete the funeral arrangements
for his sons.
She freed the bird from its cage.
S 3e
91
merry (mer-i) : neeli, en, canl; nee verici

merry = cheerful, joyful. jolly, giad, blissful. gleef'ul, jubilant. radiant, thrilled
merry x cheerless : neesiz; kasvetli
Kz MARYi NEEL gren annesi: "MARY hep byle (merry) NEEL, EN olsun" diye
sevinir.
Mary is a merry soul (= person), alvvays smiling and
laughing.
She greeted us with a cheerful smile.
The mood in the party was joyful.
Sue was always jolly and helpful.
I'm so glad you have got the job.
They are a young couple in the first blissful days of their
marriage.
He akes gleeful pleasure in watching politicians make
fools of themselves.
The climbers were jubilant after reaching the top of Ar
She announced with a radiant smile, that she was going
to have a baby.
Sanem looked thrilled when she heard that she vvas
going to Paris lor a week.
The lounge was a drab, cheerless room.
Q 9C
oppose (tpozl : -e kar olmak; kar kmak

oppose = thvvart, repulse, repel, collide vvith, clash (vvith), struggle vvith /
against, combat, attack, defv
oppose x advance : ilerlemek
Film yldz, resim ektirmemek konusunda sz verdii halde gazetelere boy boy POZ verince;
prodktr: "Verdii O POZlarla (oppose) herhalde bizE KARI OLMAK ya da KARI IK
MAK gibi bir niyeti var diye dnr.
The proposed new airport wil be vigorously opposed by
the local residents.
Our plans for a picnic were thvvarted by the rain.
The enemy attack was quickly repulsed.
The crew repelled the attack.
The president collided vvith Congress ver his budget
plans.
Polie and demonstrators clashed (= met and fought)
outside the palace.
This shirt clashes vvith my trousers (= the colours do not
match).
For years she struggled vvith / against the establishment
to get her theories accepted.
The government has pledged to spend more resources
on combating homelessness.
He bitterly attached the government's education policy.
Dad vvill be really angry if you defy him again.
We have advanced greatly in our knovvledge of the universe.
92
palaver (plav'r) : bo lakrd, laf, palavra

palaver = chatter. fss, gossip, babble
Mzede PALA gren ocuk: "Baba bana o PALAy VER deyince, babas: "Ne demek PALA
VER! (palaver) BO LAKIRDI etmeyi brak" diye sylenir.
Whafs ali the palaver about?
What a palaver?
Stop this idle chatter (= Stop talking about unimportant
things) you two, theres work to be done.
What a fuss about nothing!
Her letter was full of gossip.
We listened to Isabels childish babble as she played.
compromise (kam' prmayz) : uzlama, uvuna; uzlatrmak
compromise with : -ile uyumak, uzlamak
compromise = agreement, concensus on / about, treaty, reconciliation; agree,
reconcile, arbitrate, settle, make a deal
compromise x argue : tartmak
Yeni eleman PRM AZ diye ii brakmak isteyince, patron: COME PRM AZ bunu ben de
biliyorum, (compromise) UZLAMA, UYUMA salarz" diye onu ikna etmeye alr.
t is hoped that a compromise will be arrived at / vvorked
out in today's talks.
s the government prepared to compromise with the
workers ver their pay demand?
Neither party seems vvilling to compromise.
There is general agreement among doctors that pregnant women should not smoke.
There is stili no general consensus on what our future
policy should be.
The European Community vvas created by the Treaty of
Rome
There vvas no hope of a reconciliation between the wo
famiiies
Teenagers and their parents rarely agree.
It's difficult to reconcile diiferent points of view.
Ive been asked to arbitrate betvveen the opposing
sides.
They haven't yet settled when the wedding is going to
be.
He looked at me suspiciously. Have you made a deal
with them?"
The children are alvvays arguing.
93
endure (ndr'l : dayanmak, katlanmak; devam etmek, srmek

endure = put up \vith, bear \vith, contend vtitl, stand f'or, udergo, go througl;
continue, last out, survive
endure x pass away / on : lmek
Gen delikanl, ben de snger avlayacam diye srar edince, sngerci Mehmet Reis: "Denizin
dibine N biraz DUR! (endure) bu iin zorluklarna DAYANMAK. KATLANMAK zorunda
sn!" der.
I can't endure seeing animals sufter like hat.
Her fame will endure for ever.
We can't endure much longer in this desert without
water.
I can't put up with your behaviour any longer.
You must bear with his bad temper; he has recently
been ili.
Many students leave the university because there are
too many difficulties to contend vvith.
Why do you stand tor such bad vvorking conditions?
The hostages were eventually released ater undergoing
a terrifying ordeal.
You vvouldn't believe what some of the prisoners went
through.
The referee decided to stop the fight because Ayhan
was too badly hurt to continue.
I don't know how much longer we can last out without
water.
The government is unlikely to survive the next eleetion,
She passed away in her sleep.
94
horror (hrr) : dehet, korku; nefret, tiksinme

horror = fear. terror, scare, panic, fright. dread: hatred, loathing for,
abhorrence
horror x reassurance ; (birinin) phelerini gidermeye alma
Babasnn HOR ROR diye HORlamasmdan bir an (horror) DEHETe KORKUya kaplan
kk ocuu annesi yattrp tekrar uyutur..
The news of the plane crash filled us with horror.
t is hard to deseribe the horror of their lives.
Even after years of therapy, the feelings of fear and
unhappiness are stil! with her.
The passengers screarred in terror as the plane
dropped several hundred feet.
Aids has caused such a scare that fewer and fewer
people are giving blood.
Public health officials did nothing about the radioactive milk, afraid of panic.
When the rescue team reached him, he was shaking
with fright.
The prospect of vvorking full-time fills me with dread.
She had a violent hatred of ali forms of authority.
He had a deep loathing for the violence and brutality
of vvar,
The very though of marrying him fills her with abhorrence.
Despite her father's reassurances (= tbings said to
comfort her) she was stili frightened of the dark.
95
ottur fkr') : olmak, meydana gelmek; akla gelmek

otcur = happen, take plate, torne about, trop up, come up, arise, turn p:
strike, come to mind, spring to mind. tross mind
Olunun durumunu merak eden velive: okul mdr: "Sizin olunuz OKUR, (ottur) adam
OLMAK iin alyor. AKLIMA GELMKEN belirtmek istedim" der.
If any of these symptoms occur vvhile you' are taking the
medicine, consult your doctor immediateiy.
The explosion occurred only minutes after the area had
been cleared of people
Just jot down anything that occurs to you.
No one knows exactly what happened but several people
have been hurt.
The concert takes place next Saturday.
Our problems came about because we ignored the
advice of experis.
A couple of problems eropped up vvhile you were avvay.
You expect a few problems to come up when you
change to a new Computer system
The legal problems first arose when we tried to seli the
house.
Dont worry, something will turn up.
As she was walking away a thought struck me, but how
can I write to her when I don't know her address?'
As I read the letter again, a number of thoughts came to
mind.
VVhen we talk about French vvines, Ali and Erol are
alvvays the ones that immediateiy spring to mind.
t never erossed my mind that Ayegl might be jealous.
RA?
*1*t
*
: vurmak; isabet etltirlmek: tesir etmek; saldrmak; erimek
hit = strike, knock, beat, bang into, elash vvith, elash against; achieve,
accomplish, attain, reacl
Gec arkc adayn dinleyen yapmc: "HT olacak besteler bul. Bvlece hedef kitleyi (hin VUR
MAK. tam SABET ETTRMEK kolaylar. Hem de TESR ETM olursun" diye t verir.
Try to hit the middle of the target
Our profits hit (= reached) an ali time high of S 20 million last year.
fil hit you if you dare talk to me like that again.
Production has been badly hit by the strike.
She struck him with her hand.
Please don't knock the table vvhile l'm dravving.
They saw him beating his dog with a stick.
I have banged into the doorpost and hurt my arm.
Greek forces elashed vvith Turks in the hills.
Greek forces elashed against Turks in the hills.
By the age tvventy, she had already-achieved fame and
wealth.
n his time as President he accomplished very little.
He has attained the highest grade in his music exams.
Our sales to Germany have reached record levels.
9 6
lessen (les'nj : azaKUmak; kKtlmek

iessen = decrease. taper off. drop. slide. go do\vn, tail off. trail off, dvvindle, ebb.
come down
lessen x augnent : artrmak, bytmek
Derse giren fizik hocas; "LESSON ders maddelerde (lessen) KLMEK. AZALMAK" di
ye aklama yapar,
lesson : (lesn)
This defeat lessens our chances of vvinning the championship.
His behaviour had lessened him in her eyes. (= given
her a !ower opinion of him)
Exports of oil, cotton and minerais have decreased.
Their massive investment in rearmament tapered off as
the threat of war receded.
House prices in the northeast dropped sharply.
Prices vvill continue to slide uniess production is reduced.
Demandfor packaged goods is actually going down
His voice tailed off as he lost courage.
When he saw who had entered the room, his voice
trailed off in fear.
if business continues to dwindle the firm will have to
close down.
As he stood outside the Office his courage slovvly ebbed.
The price of oil has come down dramatically.
He augments his income by teaohing in the evenings.
0 /1 / f
superb (sptrb) : muhteem, grkemli; nefis; zengin, zarif

superb = \vonderful, marvellous, terrific, fantastic, first-class, fine, excellent,
exceptional, outstanding, admirable
superb x poor : kt
Yedii yemekleri ok beenen eletirmen: "Hepsi de SPERdi (superb) byle MUHTEEM.

NEFS, ZENGN ve ZARF bir ekilde hazrlanm olmas beni ok etkiledi der.
She is a superb teacher.
This chocolate cake is superb.
This blueberry pie is vvonderful.
The kids had a marvellous time playing on the beach.
His latest songs terrific!
The food at the hotel was absolutely fantastic-all home
baked.
Jaguar has always made first-class cars.
Mr Smith has a collection of rather fine prints.
Throughout our stay, the service was excellent.
Can writes good essays, but I wouldn't say that his work
is particularly exceptional.
Some of the carving on these statues is outstanding.
He has been justly rewarded for achievements that are
both admirable and unforgettable
If you are a poor rnathematician, you vvill lind physics
rather difficult.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlik
9 7
abut (bAt' : dayanmak, bitiik oinak

abut = adjoin, border. toucl. join. boreler on. verge on. lean on. iean against
Yaplan yklemeyi beenmeyen gemi kaptan: "Biiytik EBATL mallar (abuu BTK
OLMAK, birbirine DAYANMAK zorunda. Yoksa seyir srasnda batarz" der.
Mexico abuts (on) some of he richest parts of the USA.
Their house abutted (onto) the polie siation.
The kitehen adjoins the sitting room, vvhich is spacious,
high and airy.
France borders Spain along the length of the Pyrenees.
The edge of the town touches the forest.
A long suspension bridge joins the two Islands.
The bottom of our garden borders on the park.
The bottom of our garden verges on the Street.
Don't lean so heavily on me.
The man leaned against the wall and began to smoke
his pipe.
engage (ngeyc) : ie almak, tutmak; yer tutmak; vaat et(tir)mek; sz (vermek)
almak; arpmak; ilgisini ekmek; nianlanmak
engage = take on, recruit, employ; engross, absorb; promise, assure; fight,
combat; attract, captivate
engage x stand off : iten karmak
E ALINDII halde st katta bekleyen iiyi gren ustaba: "Aaya N GE iinin bana
(engage) E ALINDIN, seni TUTTUK. SZ VERDKya! der
I have engaged him as my new assistant.
I have engaged a room at the hotel.
They engaged the enemy (in battle)
The new toy didn't engage the childs attention tor long.
Did you know that Eleanor is/has got engaged to John?
We are not taking on any more staff at the moment.
Corporations are being encouraged to recruit more
black and women workers.
I was employed as a night-watchman by the local hospital
I was so engrossed in my work that I completely forgot
the time.
I was absorbed in a book and didn't hear you cali.
Hurry up, we promised that we vvouldn't be late.
The doctor assured her that he vvould do his best to
save the child's life.
VVere determined to fight drug abuse in scfools.
The government sees price Controls as a way to combat
inflation
Her ideas have attracted a lot of attention in the scientific
community
With her beauty and charm she captivated film audiences
everyvvhere
300 workers at the car factory were stood off when there
was a lack of Steel.
98
6 /g-s
encourage (nkr'c) : cesaret vermek, tevik etmek; himaye etmek

encourage = promote, hearten, buoy up, cheer, stimulate, motivate, assure.
bear up, abet, second
encourage x claunt : yldrmak, gzn korkutmak
Baba.olna yok yere kznca: annesi: imizde EN KIRICI sensin! (ocua (encourage) CE
SARET VERMEK, onu TEVK ETMEK gerekirken sen tersini yapyorsun!" diye sylenir.
Credit cards tend to encourage over-spending,
The aim of the meeting is to promote trade between the
two countries.
I was heartened to hear reports that the tickets for the
shovv were selling well.
She was buoyed (up) (= made happier) by the vvarm
reception her audience gave her.
As the runners went by, we cheered them (on)
The intention of lovvering interest rates is to stimulate
the economy.
We have got to try and motivate our salesmen.
He assured us of his ability to solve the problem,
How could I have lived through Mothers illness without
you to bear me up?
They claimed that the riot had been abetted by the bandits.
The motion was proposed by the club's chairvvoman
and seconded by the secretary,
Ali didn't seem daunted by the difficulties facing him.
CJICj
sensible (sensbl) : mantkl, akla uygun; akl banda; duygulu; anlayl

sensib[e _ rational, realistle, logical, practical, \vise, reasonable, pragnatic,
sane, level-headed
sensible x irrational : aklsz, mantksz
Projemi bitirmemde acaba bana hansi arkadan vardm eder diye soran kzma: annesi: "En
iyisi SEN SBELe sor. (sensible) MANTIKLI'. AKLI BAINDA' ANLAYILI biri" der:
Saadet is very sensible about money.
Surely it would be sensible to get a second opinion
before taking any further aetion.
The most sensible thing vvould be to seli the house.
Education helps us to make rational decisions.
That's not a very good idea - can't you think of something
more realistte.
The logical next step was to establish local offices in
each area.
More work was necessary to make the idea more economicaily practical.
t was a wise decision to get pm'essional advice.
I thought their request for more information was rea
sonable, but it was refused
The ban was imposed for pragmatic reasons, in order to
avoid disruption.
t was a relief to hear one sane voice among ali the
shouting and hysteria.
A pilot needs to be calm and level-headed.
t is totally irrational, but lm frightened of mice.
99
malefactor (ml' faktr) : sulu kimse; ktlk eden kimse

malefactor = criminal, offender, delinquent, lawbreaker, felon, culprit. convict,
crook, outlaw
malefactor x benefactor : iyilik eden kimse; hayr sahibi
Yakalanan SULU K tm sulamalar reddedince, hakim: "Olum ortada MAL
FAKTR var! MAL almsn! (malefactor) SULU bir Ksin! diye kararn verir.
He prosecuted malefactors vigorously.
The malefactors will be prosecuted.
The polie are hunting for a dangerous criminal named
K. Moni.
A first time offender is treated less severely than one
who already has a criminal record.
Many children become delinquents because they are
neglected by their parents.
The penalties must be severe enough to deter lawbreakers.
Oakdale Prison holds ver 600 dangerous felons.
Someone's eaten my piece of cake - which of you is the
culprit?
The polie are hunting the escaped convicts,
Most of these politicians are just a bunch of crooks.
He was declared an outlavv.
Mr. BADEMCOLU had been the museums chief
benefactor.
100

gear (gir) : uy(dur)mak; donanm; elbise
gear = adapt, adjust, modify, sit, fit; equipment. apparatus, kit. tlings, stufT:
clothes, clotling
Kk ocuk ELBSEyi giymek istemeyince, annesi "Olum unun iine bi GR de grelimi

Eer uzun gelirse (gear) sana UYDURURUZ. Zaten UYMAK zorunda. nk ge kaldk"
der.
Most public places are simply not geared to the needs
of people with disabilities.
I'm gearing myself up to ask him to give me my money
back.
They were not geared to armed combat.
We took oft our riding gear.
Saadet spends a lot on clothes and is alvvays vvearing
the latest gear.
Education should be geared to the children's needs and
abilities.
The Japanese adapt their products to the needs of their
customers.
The amount of any of these ingredients can be adjusted
according to your taste.
Many adults modify their speech when speaking to
young Sanguage iearners.
Do you think this colour suits me?
Some people think the punishment should alvvays fit the
erime.
Dentists must take great are in sterilizing ali their
equipment.
Astronauts have special breathing apparatus
The sewing kit contained needles. pins, thread and a
pair of scissors
Get your things if you want to go sailing.
We might as well take the volleyball stuff if we are going
to the park.
I need to go home to get some elean clothes.
Employers should provide suitable proteetive elothing
for their vvorkers.
10i

particular
muster
nasty
sin
base
barter
bargain
delicate
dism iss
merry
oppose
palaver
com prom ise
^-----------
; zel; titiz, merakl;

dikkate deer
: toplamak, yoklama iin
bir araya toplamak; bir
araya toplanmak
: kt, irkin, hoa
gitmeyen
: su; gnah; kusur;
gnah ileme
: kurmak, (temel) atmak,
tesis etmek
: dei toku (etmek),
takas (yapmak)
; pazarlk (etmek),
uyumak
: nazik, narin; hassas,
dakik, titiz
: iten karmak, kovmak
grevden almak;
gitmesine izin vermek
: neeli, en, canl; nee
verici
: -e kar olmak; kar
kmak
; bo lakrd, laf, palavra
: uzlama, uyuma;
uzlatrmak
endure
horror
occur
hit
lessen
superb
abut
engage
encourage
sensible
malefactor
gear
; dayanmak, katlanmak;
devam etmek, srmek
; dehet, korku; nefret,
tiksinme
: olmak, meydana
gelmek; akla gelmek
: vurmak; isabet
et(tir)mek; tesir etmek;
saldrmak; erimek
: azal(t)mak; kl(t)mek
: muhteem, grkemli;
nefis; zengin, zarif
: dayanmak, bitiik olmak
: ie almak, tutmak; yer
tutmak; vaat et(tir)mek;
sz (vermek) almak;
arpmak; ilgisini
ekmek; nianlanmak
: cesaret vermek, tevik
etmek; himaye etmek
: mantkl, akla uygun;
akl banda; duygulu,
anlayl
: sulu kimse; ktlk
eden kimse
: uy(dur)mak; donanm;
elbise
-------------------------------------- J)
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szl
102

1) She's very .... ........about her food.
a) nasty
b) merry
c) general
d) irrational
e) particular
2) The troops ... ......... on the hill.
a) mustered
b) abutted
c) geared
d) dismissed
e) bargained
3) T h e y............. their estimate on the figures for the last three years.
a) abutted
b) based
c) bargained
d) mustered
e) occurred
4) H e .............his stamp coilection for her comics.
a) based
b) geared
c) bartered
d) occurred
e) lessened
5) His behaviour h a d .............him in her eyes.
c) based
a) encouraged b) hit
d) mustered
e) lessened
6) Try t o ............ . the middle of the target.
a) hit
d) muster
b) endure
c) oppose
e) gear
7) Their house .. .......... (onto) the polie station.
a) hit
b) endured
c) opposed
d) abutted
e) lessened
8) 1h a ve ............ him as my new assistant.
a) abutted
b) hit
c) engaged
d) opposed
e) endured
9) Credit cards tend t o .............over-spending.
a) encourage
b) engage
c) oppose
d) hit
e) endure
10) We took off our rid in g ................
a) horror
b) palaver
c) sin
d) fear
e) gear

D
I cant endure seeing animals suffer like that.
a) lessen
2)
b) last out
c) oppose
d) dismiss
e) barter
Neither party seems willing to compromise.
a) reconcile
b) muster
c) encourage
d) hit
e) barter
3) The proposed new airport will be vigorously opposed by the local residents.
a) mustered
b) hit
c) thvvarted
d) dismissed
e) endured
4) If you are late again, you will be dismissed.
a) hit
b) thwarted
c) bartered
d) bargained
e) laid off
5) t is traditional that you haggle ver the price ot things in the market.
a) bargain
b) hit
c) lay off
d) muster
e) oppose
6) They bartered farm products tor machinery.
a) bargained
b) traded up
c) mustered
7) VVhere is your company based?
a) lessened
b) endured
c) dismissed
8)
9)
10)
d) opposed
d) established
I mustered (up) my courage and walked onto the stage.

a) endured
b) dismissed
c) assembled
d) established
His behaviour had lessened him in her eyes.
a) engaged
b) tailed off
c) hit
d) put up with
I will hit you if you dare talk to
me like that again.
a) strike
b) abut
c) put up with
d) tail off
e) endured
e) geared
e) hit
e) opposed
e) gear
103

D The troops mutered on the hill.
a) hit
b) dispersed
c) abutted
d)opposed
e) bartered
d) bartered
e) advanced
d) base
e) abut
2) The crew repelled the attack.

a) abutted
b) thvvarted
cjengage
3) Neither party seems wiiling to compromise.
a) argue
b) hit
c) occur
4) Her fame vvill endure forever.
a) put up with
b) hit
c) pass away/on d) base

e) advance
5) If business coninues to dvyindle the firm vvill have to close down.
a) pass away
b) endure
o) dismiss
d) augment
e) engage
6 ) 1 have engaged her as my new assistant.
a) stood off
b) daurted
c) occurred
7) Credit cards tend to encourage over-spending.
a) put up with
b) endure
c) occur
8)
d) lessened
e) abutted
d) gear
e) daunt
The polie are hunting for a dangerous criminal named Mr K, Moni.
a) culprit
b) sin
c) benefactor _._d) malefactor
9) Saadet is very sensible about money.
a) realistic
b) reasonable
c) sound
d) irrational
10)
e) horrr
e) rational
Mary is a rhetry soul (= person), alvvays smiling and laughing.
a) cheerles.'
b) joyful
c) glad
d) sensible
e) particular

outstanding,
delicate,
virtue,
fastidious,
augments,
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
traded,
sins,
robust,
locate,
nasty,
fail in with,
sacked,
occurs,
reassurances .daunted,
joyful,
superb,
cropped up,
particular,
obnoxious,
clashed \
horror,
fuss,
palaver,
irrational
Ttere is n o ............ reason why you shouldnt go.

t left a ............ taste in my mouth.
I really vvill not tolerate such............ behaviour.
Parents teach their children not to commit..............
Patience is a ..............
The company hopes t o ............in its new offices by June.
I ............ my radio for a typevvriter.
Saadet expects her friends to ............ everything she wants to do.
You need to b e ............ to go rock climbing.
The pay negotiations have reached a ............ point.
Sinem is very............ about how a suitcase siould be packed.
She was.......... for stealing.
The mood in the party was..............
Whats ali th e ............about?
What a ............ about nothing!
The news of the plane crash filled us with..............
104
17)
Despite her fathers ..............she was stili frightened of the dark.

Just jot down anything th a t..............to you.
19) A couple of problem s..............while you were away.
20) Greek fo rce s..............Turks in the hills.
21) Nihat BK ..............his income by teaching in the evenings.
18)
22)
23)
24)
25)
YILDIZ is a ..............teacher.
Some of the carving on these statues i s ................
Ali BAYLKEN didnt s e e m ..............by the difficulties facing him.
Its to tally.............., but lm frightened of mice.

1) Nihat laughed............ (= unkindly) and vvalked away. (nasty)
2) He confessed that he had............ thoughts. (sin)
3) The report that Aye has been involved in corruption are completely ...............
(base)
4) The bridge is a marvelous work of engineering and..............(construct)
5) The firm produces kits for amateur car..............(construct)
6) I wish youd use your energy a bit more..............Why dont you take up a sport?
(construct)
7) Yldz criticised my vvriting but in a way that was very..............I learned a lot from
her. (construct)
8) Moni tried not to laugh, but his eyes sparkled..............(merry)
9) There will be considerable / vociferous............to increasing the budget. (oppose)
10) The............of fast is slow. (oppose)
11) lam strongly............ to your suggestion. (oppose)
12) The pain was bad beyond..............(endure)
13) When the pain became no longer............, inasi took some pain-killers. (endure)
14) n the last few months of her illness she suffered............ again. (endure)
15) The Italian............of Ethiopia lasted less than ten years. (occupy)
16) The............were driven out after ferce Street fighting. (occupy)
17) Street-fightsare an everyday............ in this are of the city. (occur)
18) I thought he handled that problem..............(superb)
19) The band have............ in stanbul this month. (engage)
20) Your comments have been a great............to us. (encourage)
105
gainsay (geynseyI : inkr etmek, reddetmek

gainsay = deny, contradiet. dispute, disbelieve, disagree \vith, ref'ute; protest,
oppose, demure
gainsay x affirm : dorulamak, tasdik etmek
Bir davetli: Ilhan' niye dne armadnz?
Dn sahibi: Eer doru drst GYNSEYdi (gainsay) onu NKAR ETMEK. REDDET
MEK gibi bir niyetim olmazd.
'No one wil! gainsay me when I say', "Truly GUSTAV
MAHLER was the greatest composer ?'
There is no gainsaying her ability.
Rumouts of possible new tax inereases have been
denied by the Treasury Secretary.
Dont contradiet your fatherl
I don't dispute (that) his films are entertaining but they
havent got rnuch depth.
They said that they disbelieved the evidence.
I'm afraid I have to disagree with you (on) that issue.
The barrister used new evidence to refute the charges
and clear the defendant,
A lot of people protested about the new working hours
The proposed new examination system has been vigorously opposed by the teachers.
They demurred at the idea of vvorking on Sunday.
The government affirmed its commitment to egual rights.
abandon (bn'dn) : terketnek, bandan atmak
abandon = desert, leave behind, run out on, \vaik out on, jilt; toss out, throvv
awav, throvv out, jettison
abandon x maintain : devam ettirmek; korumak
Futbolcu: Neden bana krmz kart gsterdin?
Hakem: Rakibine ABANDIN (abandon) oyunu TERKETMEK zorundasn, faul yaptn.
We vvere sinking fast and the captain gave the order to
abandon ship.
Metin abandoned everyone else to their fate and fled to
safety.
Piease dont desert me: I cant' do this on my own.
I'd left my sehooldays far behind
You cant run out on your family at a time like this
His wife walked out on him, and was later seen in a
neighbouring city with another man.
She was jilted two days before her vvedding.
t really is time we tossed out ali those old nevvspapers.
Just throw away what you don't need.
I cant find yesterdays nevvspaper; perhaps someone
threw it out.
The company has been forced to jettison 500 employees due to financial problems.
t is not easy to maintain your cool when thfere is a riot
going on.
106
truly (truli) : gerekten, dorulukla, samimiyetle; tamamen

truly = really. in fac, genuinely, surely. absolutely. precisely, exactly; sincerely,
earnestly, honestly, frankly
truly x doubtfully : pheyle
Sinema eletirmenleri nl aktr LEE MARVIN hakknda konuurlarken; ilerinden biri:
"TRUE LEE (truly) GEREKTEN. SAMMYETLE ifade etmek gerekirse LEE usta bir
oyuncudur" der.
There was a truly beautiful view from the window.
A spider can not truly be described as an insect.
I'rn truly grateful for ali your help.
Maybe they really are interested in buying the house.
I don't have a car. n fact, I can't drive.
Val genuinely believed that what we were doing was
legal.
Surely you don't expect me to believe that
We have achieved absolutely nothing today.
I know precisely what you mean.
The journey took exactly three hours.
I sincerely hope things will turn out well for you.
They sit (or hours, earnestly discussing the State of the

economy
I will do it tomorrow, honestly I will (= I promise I will do
it).
Msra spoke remarkably frankly and openly about her
experiences,
Are you certain of that?" he asked doubtfully.
107
dare (der) : cesaret etmek, kalkmak; meydan okumak

dare = challenge, defy, brave, risk, hazard, venture, endanger, attenpt, ganble
dare x quail : ylmak, cesaretini kaybetmek
Anne: Oluna bir ey syle! Eve gelmeyecekmi!
Baba: Bunu nasl DER! (dare) nasl CESARET EDER! Byle bir eye nasl KALKIIR!
The government would never dae (to) increase taxes
so soon before the election.
Aykut didnt dare teli her the truth.
They dared me to spend a night in the graveyard.
Children challenge their parents authority far rrore
nowadays than they did in the past.
They defied their party leader and voted against his plan.
He braved his parents' displeasure by marrying her.
She risked her life trying to save the drowning ch'ld
Nihat hazarded ali his money in the attempt to save the
business.
Today's the first time l've ventured out of doors since my
illness.
You vvill endanger your health if you work so hard.
Cevat attempted to leave but was stopped.
Naci gambled away (= risked and lost) the fortune his
father left him.
I quailed (with fear) at the thought of telling her the bad
news.
655
rePent (riPent) : piman olmak, tvbe etmek

repent = regret, rue the dav, feel sorry for; deplore, bevvail, lament, repine, crv
ver spilt milk, curse the dav
RUPEN adl bir kii sonunda baz alkanlklarndan vazgeip (repent) TVBE ETMEK
zorunda kalr. Zaten oktan PMANda OLMUTUR.
Sami repented having shot the bird
Ali Enver repented (of his sins) just hours before he died.
Is there anything in your past life that you regret?
She vvill rue the day she bought that house (= regret it
very much).
t is no use just feeling sorry for them-do something
about the problem.
Even though I deplore the decision, li have to accept to it.
smail bewailed his sudden misfortune and the loss of
his rnost treasured possessions.
My grandmother, as usual, lamented the decline in
moral standards in today's society.
She was alone and unloved, but she did not repine.
t is no use crying ver spilt milk-we've got to decide
what to do next.
He cursed the day he was born (= was very angry with
himself) when he saw what a mess he was in.
108

paltry (pol'tri) : nemsiz, deersiz, kymetsiz
paltry = derisory, trivial, small. insignifcant, minr, petty, slight. unimportant.
vorthless, mediocre
paltry x inportant : nemli
Paul: "statistik hesaplarnda % 3lk hata yaptm. ok zgnm!

Genel mdr: PAUL THREE (paltry) NEMSZ bir oran. Bu kadar kendini zme!
The management offered us a paltry 3 % salary
increase.
Government increases in Health expenditure are derisory.
She just dismissed my problem as too trivial to be vvorth
discussing.
The operation, said Dr. Sezai Vatansever, had a small,
though not insignifcant mortality rate.
t is only a minr problem - T soon put it right
Our problems seem petty vvhen compared to those of
people who never get enough to eat
ve got a slight headache.
Staffing is stili a relatively unimportant issue compared
to the other problems that were encountering.
The jevvels A. Enver sold us turned out to be completely vvorthless,
Carter, on the other hand, gave a fairly mediocre performance.
t is important for children to learn to get on with each
other.
657
^Pe (hop) mit (etmek), umnak, beklemek

hope = desire, wish, long, yearn, expect, anticipate, look fonvard to. count on,
believe, aspire
hope x distrust : gvenmemek I*
HOPAl yatrmclar bu yl ilerinde daha da iyi olacan (hope) MT EDYORLAR

I hope that Nihan will win.
The hoped-for interview didnt happen.
We ali desire happiness.
We wish you every success in the future.
They longed for the freedom to emigrate.
Sometimes I just yearn to be alone.
I expect (that) shell pass the exam
Are you anticipating any trouble when the factory opens
again?
The party, which had been greatly looked fonvard to, was
ruined by the rude behaviour of an uninvited guest.
Dont count on the vveather being fine for your garden
party.
I believe they are getting married.
Miss Tekin aspires to become president.
Emel distrusts banks, so she keeps her money at home.
109
nil (nil) : hi
nil = nothing, nought, zero, love, none, cipher, zilch, /.ip
NL nehrinde (nil) H balk yaamaz.
The new machine reduced labour cosis to almost nil
Our team won by five goals to nil
I have got nothing to do.
She's nothing to me.
it has increased by nought point two per ent.
Fifteen, minus six, minus nine, is zero.
inasi leads 30 love. [= inasi has 30 points and the
other player has none].
If you have no children enter a cipher in the space on
the form.
We have had zilch success so far.
1know zip about computers.
659
nePf O06? 1) : beceriksiz, hnersiz, toy; uygun olmayan

inept = incompetent, inefficient, ineffectual, inexpert, unskilled, inappropriate.
clumsy, awkvvard, pointless, neaningless
inept x competent : yetenekli
Tiyatro ynetmeni denedii TOY oyuncuyu beenmeyince: Sen sahneden N HEP (inept)
BECERKSZce davranyorsun. Bu rol iin UYGUN OLMAYAN bir yapn var" der.
He was alvvays rather inept at sport.
He was criticized for his inept handling of the situation
Ali's far too incompetent to be put in charge of the factory,
l'm hopelessly inefficient at mending things
He was well-meaning but ineffectual.
To the inexpert eye, nothing appeared to be vvrong
The report shows that wage rates for unskilled workers
have risen relative to those for skilled vvorkers.
His casual behaviour was wholly inappropriate for such
a formal occasion.
He is too clumsy to be a good dancer.
Our visitor came at an awkward time.
t is pointless to try to negotiate with them because they
will never change their minds,
t was a meaningless gesture.
I wouldn't say Mustafa was brilliant but he is competent
at his job.
110
sniff snif) : havay (koklamak); kokusunu almak; - e burun kvrmak

sniff = inlale, snuffle. breathe in. smell; scoff at, flout, disdain. trcat witl,
contempt, scorn, look dovvn ones ose at, look dovvn onI*
Okulun ilk gnnde bir dersi bo geen SINIFtan grlt gelmeyince, merak eden mdr; "Gi
dip u SINIFa bir gz ataym. SINIFt HAVASINI KOKLAYAYIM Eer uslu duruyorlarsa
onlara BURUN KIVIRMAMAM gerekir" diye dnr.
He sniffed the crisp morning air.
Ali snifted (= smelt) his socks to see if they needed
vvashing.
A few Computer firrns are sniffing at (= shovving an
interest in) the project already.
Such a good offer is not to be sniffed at.
Ziya said he had smoked but never inhaled.
The pigs were snuffling round the trough.
They walked through the iorest breathing (in) the scent
of pines.
I have got a cold and I can't smell
A hundred years ago people scoffed at the idea that
man vvould ever fly.
No one can flout the rules and get avvay with it.
The older musicians disdain the new. rock-influenced
music.
Take no notice of them - treat them vvith contempt they
deserve,
Nihat scorned ali our offers of felp.
I vvouldn't advise you to look dovvn your nose at the
offer, even if it is less than you expected.
At first, Macide's parents looked dovvn on her marrying
Ali.
111
step do\vn (step daun): istifa etmek; inmek

step down = step aside, stand aside, stand down, retire form, resign, hand in
your notice/resignation, pack it in, jack it in, leave
Yeni genel mdr grevinde baarsz olunca, firma sahibi: Sen bir ADIM AAIYA (step
do\vn) STFA ETMEK zorundasn diye sylenir.
The chairman feels it is time he stepped down (in favour
of a younger man).
He is unvvilng to step aside in favour of a younger person.
I feel that when there are so many better people for tfe
chairmanship, I should stand aside.
I have spent so many years as chairman that I feel it is
time I stood down.
When Mrs T. retired from modelling she moved to zmir.
i vvanted to resign, but my boss persuaded me to stay.
Aykut handed in his notice yesterday and will start his
new job on April 2nd.
Shes threatened to hand in her resignation on severai
occasions.
Look, if its such a boring job, why dont you pack it in?
As soon as l've got enough money lm going to jack this
boring job in.
I left my last job because I couldnt get along with my boss.
662
out ^ aut) : sakinlemek; hoa vakit geirmek

chill out = calm dovrn, relax, take it easy, allay, stili, compose, lull; lie down,
have a lie down, have a rest, take a rest, laze
chill x disturb : rahatsz etmek
Lli lakapl ocuk ok yaramazlk yapnca, arkada: LIi sen biraz DIARI da dola,
(chill out) SAKNLE sonra, birlikte HOA VAKT GERRZ der.
OK, its alright - just chill out!
I have been chilling out with some of the guys.
I cant be late again. Calm down, dont get so excited
about things.
Look, relax, will you. There is nothing you can do about it.
Take it easy, Father. The officer is only asking a question
The government is desperately trying to allay public
fears/suspicions about the spread of the disease,
She cuddled her baby to stili (= make quiet) its cries.
She finally stopped crying and composed herself.
The minister's statement was designed to lull the public
into believing that the situation is improving.
Have something to eat and then you should lie down
and rest.
Shes trying to do too much - see if you can persuade
her to have a lie down for an hour.
You look tired. Why don't have a rest?
Half way up the mountain we took a rest.
I found him in the garden, lazing in the sun.
We were rather distlrbed by the way the government
tried to cover up the truth.
112
66
entertain (entrteyn) : elendirmek; arlamak; gz nnde bulundurmak

entertain = amuse, divert, regale, please; receive, welcome, accommodate;
consider, contemplate, \veigh, take into consideration
entertain x bore : can skmak
Bilgisayar kursu rencileri bir trl oyun programna giremeyince, retmen: Kendinizi
ELENDRMEK istiyorsanz ENTER T YAPIN (entertain) diye yardmda bulunur.
The play failed to entertain its audience.
We are entertaining our neighbours this evening.
I vvouldnt entertain such an outrageous idea.
The children amused themseives by playing games,
It's a marvellous game for diverting restless children on
long car journeys.
The sailor regaled us ali night with stories of his adventures.
The girl in the shop is always eager to please (everyone).
The returning soldiers were received as heroes,
The Queen welcomed the President as he got off the
plane.
New students may be accommodated in halis of residence.
Dont make any decisions before youve considered the
matter.
You are not contemplating a change of job, are you?
Ali vveighed the ideas in his mind.
Taking everything into consideration, the result is better
than I expected.
Ziya bored us ali by talking for hours about his new car.
Kelime Ezberleten Kureuscl Szlk
113
vveary (vvir'i) : ok yorgun, bitkin; yor(ul)mak

vveary = tired, exhausted, vvorn out, tired out, shattered, beat, death beat; do
sonebody in, tire out, wear out, exhaust, it nearlv kiiled ne, sap
vveary x rejuvenate : canlandrmak
Anne: ok YORGUNum! u paketi sen tar msn?
Baba: VER Y (vveary) gerekten ok YORGUN ve BTKN grnyorsun. Bu kadar
YORULMAK doru d e il"
I think he is a little vveary after his long journey.
Childten vveary rre with their constant inquiries and
demands.
They arrived back from their long walk, tired but happy.
I vvas exhausted every day vvhen i first started teaching,
but I am used to it now,
The vvhole family vvas vvorn out after the overnight ferry
trip from Ayvalk.
She vvas tired out with travelling and slept almost at
nce.
When Basri came out of the exam he felt shattered.
I am sorry I can't go any further, lm beat.
Lets rest before we try lifting it again, vvere both dead
beat.
The last half-mile of the climb really did ne in.
Their constant quarreling is tiring us out.
The baby's stopped crying. He must have vvorn himself
out.
I find that teaching exhausts ne.
t nearly kiiled me carrying that fridge up the stairs!
Looking after her dying mother sapped ali her energy
Since taking ver the family firm, they have completely
rejuvenated it
114
115
remedy (remdi) : are; ila; aresini bulmak, dzeltmek

remedv = cure, antidote, medicinal, treatment, therapy; heal, fix, give some
body treatment, treat; correct, put right, put straight, set straight, set right
remedy x exacerate : daha kt bir duruma sokmak
ngilizce bulmaca zen ocuk ARE kelimesinin karln bulmaya alrken: Acaba
eksik olan harf RE MYD? (remedy) hem ARE hem de ARESN BULMAK anlamna
geliyordu diye dnr.
The best remedy for grief is hard work.
Salt water is a good home remedy for a sore throat.
This mistake must be remedied.
As yet there is no known cure for the disease.
Unless an antidote is given immediately the patient
could die.
The Greeks used the leaves for medicinal purposes.
Penicillin is used in the treatment of a wide range of illnesses.
This child is cleariy very disturbed emotionally and may
require long-term therapy.
The drug is used to cure feart disease.
This cream is used for healing minr cuts and bruises.
Do you think the doctor wili be able to fix my leg for me?
We will start by giving you a course of treatment with a
new antibiotic.
The usuai way of treating malana is to give the patient
large doses of quinine.
Correct me if lm wrong but faven't we met before?
lm glad that youve been able to put your relationship
with your mother right.
If I make a mistake when i read out the results, please
put me straight.
Thank you for setting me straight about the time of next
vveek's rneeting.
If lve made a mistake, then its up to me to set it right.
This attack will exacerbate the already tense relations
between the two communities
115
laugh (laf) : gime(k); kahkaha (atmak)

laugh = have a laugh, chuckle, titter, snigger, giggle, cackle, break up, crack
up, fail about, howl/shriek with laughter
laugh x cry : alamak
Ali: Neden sylediim LAFa bu kadar GLYORSUN?
Ziya: Hi param yok ama yarn bir yat alacam diyorsun. Bu LAFa (laugh) GLMEKten
baka ne yaplabilir ki?
Look at the clowns", said Yaln, laughing.
I couldn't help laughing at akirs silly jokes.
I like to meet my friends, spend the evening in town,
and have a laugh.
What is she chuckiing about? I don't see anything
funny.
As the teacher read the poem someone tittered.
Ruth tripped on the steps and the boys behind her
sniggered.
She blushed and giggled throughout the TV intervievv.
When I said this, he started cackling like a madman.
I like vvatching cartoons, they break me up.
He really cracked us up. He's so funny.
When they saw what their father had done they both
fell about laughing.
The delighted audience howled with laughter.
If you tickle the baby's tummy she shrieks with laugh
ter.
He put his head in his hands and began to cry like a
child.
116
fussy (fAs' : kl krk yaran; titiz, tel; huysuz; cicili bicili, fazla ssl
fussy = choosy, selective, picky, particular, fmicky; fidgety, fretful, restless;
ornate, busy, elaborate
fussy x easygoing : uysal, yumuak bal
Kerem: Yaz tatilinde nereye gideceimize bir trl karar veremedim,
Aye: Bak ite FAS Y bir seim, (fussy) ne kadar KILI KIRK YARAN, TTZ birisin!
Shes a bit fussy about people having clean hands.
She patted her hair with small fussy movements of her
hands.
VVould you like tea or coffee?" Tm not fussy." (= I would
like either.)
Ahmet showed me a couple of hats but they were very
fussy - I prefer something simpler.
Shes very choosy about whe she eats and drinks.
You've got to be very selective when choosing your
campanies.
Don't be so picky! Eat what you are given.
She's very particular about what she eats.
Repairing watches must be a very finicky job.
The audience looked very fidgety and bored.
By midnight the children were tired and fretful.
James LEV1NE is a restless type-he never stays in one
country for long.
Victorian architecture was nce criticized as being
heavy and over-ornate.
Her dress is a bit busy (= has too much decoration or
too many colours), isnt it?
You want a plain blouse to go with that skirt-nothing too
elaborate.
Our teacher is very easygoing. She doesn't mind if we
turn up late

nnn
OOO
117
ruthless (ruthls) : acmasz, insafsz

,-uthiess _ heartless, inhuman, cruel, vindicfive, merciless, pitiless, unreienting,
revengefui, sadistic, tyrannical
ruthless x compassionate : merhametli, sevecen
RUTH adl bir kii ACIMASIZ, NSAFSIZ kararlar alnca, arkadalar: "Bizim RU'TH ne
kadar da deimi. Eskiden bu kadar (ruthless) ACIMASIZ deildi" diye arrlar.
Some people think to succeed in this world you have to
be ruthless,
Don't be so heartless!
Most people think apartheid is a totally inhuman system.
I think its cruel to kili animals tor sport.
After the divorce, Necla's ex-husband becarne
increasingly vindicfive.
As a journalist, Ton is merciless towards hypocrites (=
he shows them no kindness).
The creature looked at me with pitiless eyes.
He will be remembered as an unreienting opponent of
racial discrimination,
She telt bitter and revengefui (= wanting to punish him)
after he stole her money.
Tm afraid you will never see your children again", he
said with a sadistic srnile.
Her behaviour to us as children was alvvays strict,
sometimes tyrannical and overbearing.
The publics response to the crisis appeal was generous
and compassionate.
118
nnn
solidarity (salder t i ) : dayanma, birlik
003 solidarity = unity, stability, union, concurrence, accord, concord, unanimitv,

feilowship, fellow feeling, espri de corps
Yelken yarlarna katlan teknenin kaptan, bota birini grnce: yle durma! SALIVER P
bu spor (solidarity) DAYANIMA, BRLK ister! diye sylenir.
Their spontaneous show of solidarity had saved us
from a real massacre.
The lecturers joined the protest march to show solidari
ty with their students.
n his speech the PM stressed the need for party unity.
The country has enjoyed a period of political stability
during the past ten years.
Meanvvhile the debate on European political and monetary union continues.
Was there any concurrence of opinion?
The project is completely in accord with government
policy.
These neigfbouring States had lived in concord for centuries.
The new legislation allovvs the members to make most
decisions by majority vote, rather than by unanimity.
He enjoyed the fellowship of other actors in the company.
There was a fellow feeling between those who had been
through the war together.
His leadership kept the teams esprit de corps intact
during difficult periods.
119
variable (ver iy b l): deiken; kararsz

variable = changeable, changing, flexible, protean, fitful, mercurial, volatile,
unstable, unsettled, inconsistent
variable x constant; sabit
Ali, bilgisayar programndaki DEKEN veriyi bulamaynca: "VER ABLA (variable) ok

DEKEN adeta KARARSIZ diye ablasndan yardm ister.
Demand for the company's products is variable.
The weather forecast says that wind direction wi!l be
variable today.
1am a changeable ort of person.
His book is concerned witl the changing role of fathers.
if you are looking for a job you need to be flexible about
vvhere you are prepared to work.
He was so protean as an artist that the critics could
never categorize his work.
The wfole debate was rather fitful.
He was as mercurial as the wea!her,
The current political situation in the Middle East is
extremely volatile.
Was it safe to trust someone who was so emotionaliy
unstable?
t is dangerous to live there while the political situation
is so unsettled.
People feel threatened wfen decision-making is incon
sistent and arbitrary.
The patient's blood pressure remains constant.
D 7
attitude (t t u d ) : tutum , davran, tavr

attitude = outlook, mentality, way of thinking, vievv, point of vievv, opinion,
stance, impression, expression, frane of nind, mood
Nihan: Ali dnk toplantda ne vapt?

Ziya: Onun TAVRIn biliyo'rsun. Yine ATTI TUTTU
DAVRANIna altk artk.
His attitude to his new job seemed to be very negative.
After a good vacation, you'll have a completely different
outlook.
I can't understand the mentality of there teenagers.
I was glad to be with people who shared my way of
thinking
n my vievv, her criticisms were completely justified.
The book looks at college life from a students point of
vievv.
Many people have strong opinions about/on Capital punishment.

The doctors stance on the issue of abortion is we!l known.
What was your impression of Ali's wife?
She gave him the present as an expression of gratitude.
I am in the wrong frane of mind to make a decision now.
She is in a good/bad mood today
(attitude) bu TUTUMuna,
120
slip (slip) : yanlmak, hataya dmek; hata, yanllk; bozulmak; kay(dr)mak;

kamak
slip = blunder, misjudge, err; faux pass, indiscretion, boob: fail off, fail away,
go off; slide; sneak, get avvay, break a\vay
renci: retmenim, HATA. YANLILIK yaptm. Baz sorularda YANILDIM,,
retmen: Onlar SLP batan yap ki? Bir daha (slip) YANILMAK gibi bir sorunun olmasn!
We must have slipped up somevvhere.
Don't wory-we ali make slips from time to time,
Their Standard of living has slipped steadily ovet the last
ten years,
She slipped while she was getting out of the bath.

Just slip out of the room vvhile nobodys looking
The generals blundered by sending cavalry horses into
battle against armoured tanks.
Unfortunately we misjudged the distance to Ayvalk and
ran out of fuel before we got there.
He erred in agreeing to her appointment.
I realized ld committed/made a serious faux pass by
joking about his vvifes family.
The President denied he had any knovvledge of the
indiscretions committed by his campaign staff.
The Prime Minister's worst boob was sitting down
before the Queen at an official dinner,
The quality of performance has fallen off since last year,
The Standard of your work has been falling away recently
The book goes off after the first 50 pages,

When I vvas little I used to sliding on the polished floor
in my socks
I managed to sneak in through the back door vvhile she
vvasn't looking.
Two thieves got avvay
The criminal broke avvay from the policemen who were
holding hini.
121
' trash (trii) : p; sana, zrva; deersiz ey

** trash = rubbish, garbage, refuse, vvaste, litter; nonsense, rot, balderdash. fool
ishness
trash x sense : anlam; dnce
rak bo konumaya devam edince, ustas: Hadi TRA Kes! (trash) u Pleri topla! SAMAlamay brak! der
The trash really stinks-why don't you take it out?
Saturday night television is such trash!
His new film is absolute trash.
What you are saying is absolute trash.
Rubbish is collected nce a vveek.
The city cleariy has a garbage problem, and its getting
vvorse
The main entrance vvas cluttered with spilling refuse
containers.
Several companies are now trying to recycle vvaste in
an effort to save money.
You can be fined up $ 25.000 for dropping litter.
Those accusations are utter nonsense.
Don't talk rot!
Balderdash! he spluttered indignantly.
VVould they ever forget my foolishness?
His ideas are a load of (old) rubbish (= nonsense).
The different senses of a word in this dictionary are
marked by the numbers 1,2 ete.
@ 74
m'sut*Se (nnscAc) : yanl hkm vermek; yanl anlamak; yanl fikir

edinmek
misjudge = miscalculate, misread, misunderstand, misinterpret, misapprehend,
misconstrue, underestimate, underrate, slip up, get something vvrong.
BAYAN HAKMin verdisi karara yaplan itiraz inceleyen Yksek Mahkeme: MISs JUDGE
(misjudge) YANLI HKM VERM, davay YANLI ANLAMI, bu nedenle dava
yeniden grlmeli diye gerekeli kararn aklar.
The government misjudged the mood of the country
when it decided to cali an eleetion.
I tealise now that I had misjudged him.
If she thinks lll agree to that she's miscalculated badly.
The general misread the enemy's intentions, and didn't
anticipate the attack.
She misunderstood vvhat I said
My speech has been misinterpreted by the press.
The terms of the agreement must be quite explicit, so
that there is no possibility of misapprehending them
Don't misconstrue vvhat I am about to say..
Frequently we underestimate children's resilience,
The company has consistently underrated the importance of a vvell-trained vvorkforce.
You slipped up a bit on that question.
Every time I send him to buy flovvers he gets it vvrong
and buys the vvrong kind.
122
miss (m is): vuramamak, isabet ettirememek veya etmemek; (gzden)

karmak; zlemek
miss = lose, fail, miscaiculate, miscarrv, misfire; disregard, overlook, pass ver,
pass up; long for, itch for, sigh for, yearn for
miss x have : sahip olmak
Okuluk yarmasnda BAYAN sporcu hedefe SABET ETTREMEYNCE, bir seyirci:
MSS (miss) hedefi VURAMADI, at KAIRDI diye sylenir.
He threw a stone at me, but fortunately he/it missed.
i missed the start of the exam because my bus was late
Ahmet nearly missed his flight.
t was a good opportunity which it would be a pity to
miss.
I miss living in the country. (= I wish I stili lived there).
I didn't miss the key until I got home and found it vvasn't
in my bag.
They lost no time in telling me I was wrong.
The technique seldom fails.
They seem to have miscalculated what the public reaction would be.
If a plan miscarries, he tries another.
The use of force in support of their demands had misfired.
Please disregard the reminder if you have already paid
the bili.
He apologised for having overlooked the payment.
Dont pass any detail ver.
Never pass up a chance to improve your English.
The crowd were longing for the performance to start.
Im itching for them to go.
We are ali sighing for the weather to change, after this
bitter vvinter.
The world is yearning for peace, but does not seem to
know how to win it.
She has the bluest eyes I have ever seen.

gainsay
a b an d o n
tru ly
d are
re p e n t
p altry
h op e
nil
in e p
s n ifl
step d ow n
ehil! out
en tertain
: inkr etmek, reddetmek w e a ry

i terketmek, bandan
atmak
re m e d y
: gerekten, dorulukla,
samimiyetle; tamamen
la u g h
: cesaret etmek,
kalkmak; meydan
fu s s y
okumak;
yreklendirmek
ru th le s s
: piman olmak, tvbe
s o lid a rity
etmek
va rrab le
: nemsiz, deersiz,
a ttitu d e
kymetsiz
: mit (etmek), ummak,
slip
beklemek
: hi
: beceriksiz, hnersiz,
toy; uygun olmayan
tra sh
i havay (koklamak);
m is ju d g e
kokusunu almak; -e
burun kvrmak
: istifa etmek; inmek
m iss
: sakinlemek; hoa
vakit geirmek
i elendirmek; arlamak;
gz nnde
bulundurmak
.....
.......................
123
: ok yorgun, bitkin;
yor(ul)mak
i are; ila; aresini
bulmak, dzeltmek
: glme(k);
kahkaha (atmak)
: kl krk yaran; titiz,
tel; huysuz; cicili
bicili, fazla ssl
: acmasz, insafsz
: dayanma, birlik
: deiken; kararsz
: tutum, davran, tavr
; yanlmak, hataya
dmek; hata, yanllk;
bozulmak; kay(dr)mak;
kamak
: p; sama, zrva;
deersiz ey
: yanl hkm vermek;
yanl anlamak; yanl
fikir edinmek
: vuramamak, isabet
ettirememek veya
etmemek; (gzden)
karmak; zlemek
.....
124

D
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
No one will ...... ...... me when I say, Truly Gustav MAHLER was the greatest
composer.
a) sniff
b) repent
c) gainsay
d) chili out
e) abandon
We were sinking fast and the captain gave the order t o .............ship.
a) abandon
b) gainsay
c) repent
d) dare
e) step down
The chairman feels it is time h e ...............
a) sniffed
b) repented
c) dared
d) gainsaid
e) stepped down
He didnt .............teli her the truth.
a) slip
b) dare
c) misjudge
d) step down
e) gainsay
The governm ent.............the mood of the country when it decided to cali an elec
tion.
a) dared
b) gainsaid
c) repented
d) misjudged
e) abandoned
I .............the start of the exam because my bus was iate.
a) missed
b) misjudged
c) dared
d) stepped down e) gainsaid
We must have ............. somewhere.
a) dared
b) stepped downc) slipped up d) sniggered
e) amused
The play failed t o ............. its audience.
e) entertain
a) bore
b) slip up
c) scoff at
d) gainsay
H e .............having shot the bird.
e) abandoned
a) repented
b) bored
c) entertained d) missed
H e ........... the crisp morning air.
e) dared
a) bored
b) sniffed
c) missed
d) slipped up

1) I hope that she will win.
d) misjudge
a) wish
b) repent
c) gainsay
2) Ali repented (of his sins) just hours before he died.
d) missed
a) dared
b) stepped down c) gainsaid
3) He abandoned evervore else to tfeir fate and fled to safety.
c) maintained
d) affirmed
a) bored
b) left behind
4) He didnt dare teli her the truth.
d) affirm
c) defy
a) leave behind b) miss
5) She will rue the dav she bought that house.
c) step down
d) gainsay
a) regret
b) abandon
We
ali
desire
happiness.
6)
d) aspire
a) defy
b) stand aside c) chili out
7) OK. its alriaht - iust chili out!
c) blunder
a) disturb
b) regale
d) misconstrue
8) She misunderstood what 1said.
a) longed for
b) slipped up
c) stepped down d) repented
9) 1 miss living in the country.
a) itch for
b) misread
c) step down
d) regale
10) He erred in aareeing to her appointment.
o) blundered
d) gainsaid
a) abandoned
b) dared
e) miss
e) regretted
e) longed for
e) quail
e) misjudge
e) distrust
e) stili
e) ventured
e) stili
e) laughed
125

D
d) cured
a) fell about
b) cried
c) remedied
e) dared
2) This mistake must be remedied.
b) exacerbated c) corrected
d) fell about
a) cried
e) stepped down
and
demands.
Children
wearv
me
wth
their
constant
inquiries
3)
d) rejuvenate
a) amuse
b) contemplate c) divert
e) tire out
4) l wouldnt entertain such an outraaeous idea.
a) consider
d) amuse
b) bore
c) tire out
e) vveary
5) OK, its alrigft - iust chiil out!
d) weary
b) consider
c) amuse
a) take it easy
e) disturb
6) I hope that she will win.
a) consider
d) weary
b) chiil out
c) distrust
e) amuse
increase.
The
manaaement
offered
us
a
paltrv
3
%
salarv
7)
d) important
b) incompetent c) inexpert
a) inept
e) derisory
8) He was alvvavs inept at sport.
b) weary
c) exhausted
d) choosy
a) competent
e) ruthless
9) Some people think to succeed in this world you have to be ruthless.
d) compassionate e) cruel
a) variable
b) constan
c) paltry
10 ) Demand for the companys products is variable,
d) cruel
e) volatile
a) changeable b) consant
c) paltry

Rubbish,
trash,
inept,
variable,
earnestly,
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
heartless,
fussy,
defied,
zilch,
gainsayirg,
yearn,
truly,
remedy,
solidarity,
deser,
chilling out,
nil,
attitude,
minr,
slipped up,
repine,
derisory,
missed,
miscarries,
step aside
The vveather forecast says that wind direction will b e .............today.

H is .............to his new job seemed to be very negative.
We must h a ve ............. somewhere.
T h e .............really stinks - why dont you take it out?
Ahmet ne a rly............. his flight.
The new machine reduced labour costs to a lm o s t...............
Government increases in health expenditure a re ...............
Sometimes i ju s t ............. to be aione.
The b e s t.............for grief is hard vvork.
Shes a b i t ............. about peopie having clean hands.
Dont be s o .............!
Their spontaneous show o f .............had saved us from a real massacre.
I have be e n ............. with some of the guys.
He was criticized for h is .............handling for the situation.
There was a ............. beautiful view from the window.
126
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)

There is n o ............. her ability.
Please dont ............. me: 1 cant do this on my own.
They sit lo r h o u rs ,............. discussing the State of the economy.
T h e y ............. their party ieader and voted against his plan.
She was aione and unloved, but she did n o t...............
t is only a ............. problem - T soon put it right.
We have h a d ............. success so far.
He is unvtfilling t o ............. in favour of a younger person.
If a p la n ............... he tries another.
............. is collected nce a week.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
A n ............. baby w as found in a box on the hospital steps. (abandon)

T h e ............ of the land first began at the end of last century. (abandon)
This is a ............. new film by one of our most original modern directors. (dare)
She ra th e r............. asked the boss for a pay - rise. (dare)
If you are tr u ly ............. you w ill be forgiven. (repent)
He w a s ............. about the outcome of the meeting. (hope)
............. well be in stanbul by early evening. (hope)
lm .............(= very bad) at cooking. (hope)
I find th e ............. of the situation very depressing. (hope)
They w e re ............. who sang, danced and told jokes for a living. (entertain)
His books arent particularly well-written, but theyre alvvays. (entertain)
Its not a very serious film, but it's g o o d ............... (entertain)
I dragged m yse lf............. ou of bed at five oclock this morning. (weary)
Wed been working on the same project for months and there was a feeling of
.............about the team. (weary)
Privately they thought the id e a ............... (laugh)
H e .............told us of the confusion caused by our mistake. (laugh)
The medical tests showed s o m e .............in the babys heart rate. (vary)
There was been some un u su a l............. in temperature this month. (vary)
Their decision to seli the house was a d isa stro u s............... (judge)
Her father has b e e n ............. since September 1999. (miss)

sole (sol) : tek. yalnz, biricik, bal bana
sole = only, loe, solitary, exclusive, one and only; one of a kind, unicjue,
unparalleled, nequalled, one-in-a-million
sole x nmerous : birok, saysz
Nihat: Sen sa elinle yazamyonnusun?
Yldz: Hayr. TEK yazabildiim SOL elim (sole) YALNIZ sol elimle yazabiliyorum.
His sole surviving reiative is an elderly aunt.
She had sole responsibility for locking the shop each
night.
The only reason I went to India was to see the Taj

Mahal.
The lone vvlale had somehovv got stranded on the
beach.
A solitary light shone in the Street.
Your passwords gives you exclusive access to your personal Computer file.
This may be your one and only (= only ever) opportunity to meet her.
n the world of ballet she was certainly one of a kind as
a dancer,
l'd recognise your handvvriting anyvvhere - it's unique.
As executive editr of the Times, he held a position of
almost unparalleled power in American journalism.
During these years the country enjoyed a period of
unequalled prosperity.
Dont worry - theres a one-in-a-million (= extremely
slight) chance of anytfing going wrong.
We have discussed these plans on numerous occasions.
127
128
artf'ul (artfl) : kurnaz; ustalkl

artful = astute, slrevvd, sharp, ingenious, clever, resourceful, subtle, inventive;
dishonest, underland
artful x artess : saf, ak szl
Gen ressamn sergisini gezen eletirmen: 'ART FUL SANAT' DOLU bir insan. Hem de (art
ful) ok KURNAZ diye dnr.
He has shown himself to be an artful politician.
His astute handling of this difficult situation saved her
from disaster.
t vvas a shrevvd move to buy your house just before
property prices started to rise.
Our new director is very sharp.
American scientists have come up with an ingenious
method for getting rid of cockroaches..
My brother vvas alvvays the cleverest student in her
class...
He vvas very resourceful and used a coat to keep his
rnother warm before the doctor arrived..
You will have to be very subtle if you vvant to change his
mind vvithout him being avvare of it.
He was regarded as the most inventive poet of his generation.
I knevv that Guy vvouldnt be involved in anything dis
honest.
n a series of very smart, very underhand moves, she had
gradually taken complete control of the company.
Jack vvas innocent and artless.
1 29
bleak (biik) : kt, i ac olmayan; souk ve kasvetli (havai: plak, ak

bleak = hopeless, desperate, gloomy, disnal, dreary: bare, vvindsvvept, naked,
pen: cold
bleak x sheltered : kt ve tatsz eylerden uzak
Genel mdr yapt konumada: irketin mali durumu KT. Eer BRLK iinde
almazsak (bleak) bu AICI OLMAYAN durumdan kurtulmamz mucizelere kalr' der.
n the long ter m, the economic Outlook is bleak.
The Outlook for borrovvers is bleak, as interest rates are
certain to rise.
t was a bleak, grey day outside.
The house stands on a bleak, vvindsvvept moor.
We ali began to realize that we vvere fighting for a
hopeless cause,
The situation is desperate-there are just not enough
beds in the hospital.
The latest survey presents a gloomy picture of the
Russian economy.
The future looks pretty dismal.
Everyvvhere looked so gray and dreary in the rain.
Don't vvalk around outside in your bare feet.
We drove dovvn to the vvindsvvept Atlantic coast of
Portugal.
These stars are too small to be seen vvith the naked eye
(= can only be seen using a special device)..
Don't leave the packet pen, or the corn flakes wili go
soft.
t is bitterly (= extremeiy) cold outside
Until going to University, she had led a very sheltered
life.
130
S-*
entangle (ntiing'gl) : dolatrmak, karmakark etmek; (olumsuz bir eye)

kartrmak, bulatrmak, artmak
entangle = ennesh, embroil, implicate, ensnare, entrap, tangle, muddle, puzzle,
confuse, be\vilder
entangle x extricate : kurtarmak, karmak
TANGO yarmasnda favori gsterilen aday hata yapnca, arkadalar: imizde EN iyi
TANGO vapan ovdu. Nasl oldu da (enanale) ayaklarn DOLATIRDI, dans KARMAKA
RIIK ETT!" diye AIRIRLAR.
The dolphin had become entangled in/vvith the fishing nets.
The bili is sure to entangle parliament in endless debate.
He is deeply enmeshed in a political power struggle.
She has no desire to embroil herself in lengthy lawsuits
with the abloid nevvspapers
A lot of people were implicated in the scandal.
He ensnared the old lady into giving him ali her savings.
He was entrapped into making a confession by the
clever questioning of the polie.
The cat has tangled (up) my wool.
l've arranged the books alphabetically so don't muddle
them up
t puzzles me why she said that.
Waking up in strange surroundings confused her.
The instructions that came with the microvvave completely bewildered me.
t took hours to extricate the car from the sand.
jjJ J J
top off (tap of) : bitirmek, sona erdirmek

top off = finish, end, wind up, round off, finish off sth with, conclude with,
\vrap up, settle, sew up
top off x commence : balamak
Olunun hl TOP oynadn gren bir anne: "Yavrum yine mi TOP OFF! Dersleri (top off)
BTRMEK senin grevin deii mi?" diye sylenir.
She topped off her performance with a dazzling encore
Our history teacher never finishes the class on time
She ended her recital with an old French song.
Nihat wanted to wind the meeting up quickly because
he had a plane to caich.
Nage rounded her performance off with a moving version of "Memodes", accompanied by a solo violin.
Mehmet finished off his act with a joke about the VicePresident.
Delors concluded with an appeal to support European
unification.
I want to wrap this meeting up as quickly as possible.
I fave another appointment in an hour.
n the end we settled the deal on very favorable terms.
Bob reckons he can sew up the deal quite quickly but
lm not so sure.
Shall we let the meeting commence, gentlemen?

daze (derz) : gz. kamatrmak, bylemek, (hayret, korku v.b. ile} afallatmak
daz.e = dazz.le, astound, amaze, startle, stagger, bo\vl ver, bovvl out. knock
dovvn, knock back, dumbfound
ngilizce'ye yeni balayan Ali: GNLER rendim anne! DEYS diye okunuyor.
Anne: DAYS bunu (daze) GZ KAMATIRMAK, beni BYLEMEK iin mi yapm!
Aferin sana!
The news left him dazed.
Everyone was dazed by the news of her sudden death.
He's a skilled politician who has dazzled both his opponents and the voters.
If I told you the size of the budget deficit it would
astound you.
t amazed us to hear that you vvere leaving.
Her article on diet startled many people into changing
their eating habits.
Her incredible story staggers the imagination
I was really bovvled ver by the news.
Your sudden news has quite bowled me out
The unexpected news fairly knocked him dovvn.
The news really knocked him back.
She dumbfounded her critics by vvinning ali the prizes.
daunt (dont) : yldrmak, gzn korkutmak
daunt = frighten, terrify, scare, startle, unnerve, slake up, put off, take aback,
intimidate, deter
daunt x inspire : telkin etmek, cesaretlendirmek
George, arkadann GZN KORKUTMAK isteyince, annesi: " D O N T do it! (daunt) onu
YILDIRMAKla eline ne geecek" diye sylenir.
She vvas not at ali daunted by the size of the problem.
Does the thought of death frighten you?
The teacher terrified her so much that she hated going
to school.
He vvas driving fast just to scare us.
The noise startled him and he dropped his glass on the
floor
The long silence unnerved him
No one was hurt, but many of the passengers were
severely shaken up by the accident.
She vvas trying to make a serious point, but people kept
putting her off (her speech) by shouting.
His sudden change of opinion took us ali aback,
This government vvill not be intimidated into giving up its
historical rights.
I vvas not going to be aeterred by his threats.
He tried to inspire them to greater efforts.
132
enuneiate (inAn'syejt) : beyan etmek, bildirmek, iln etmek: telaffuz etmek

enunciate = pronounce, declare, announce, nake a statement, issue a
statement, State, isist, maintain: articulate. pronounce
enunciate x suppress : rtbas etmek
Sinan: Anne yine ET almadn deil mi?
Anne: NAN SNAN ET aldm! (enunciate) BEYAN EDYORUM. Herkesin nnde LAN
EDYORUM.
n the speech, the leader enunciated his party's ptoposals tor tax reform.
An actor must learn to enunciate (his vvords) clearly
The judge pronounced him guilty on ali five charges
A State of emergeney has been declared in
Bangladesh.
This morning the nevvspapers announced that the last
hostage had been set free.
Senatr George can not be persuaded to make a
statement about the alleged aftair.
The VVhite House is expected to issue a statement in
just a few minutes.
Please State vvhether you are married or singie
Though there are no other witnesses, she insists that
she saw a man in the yard that night
Even after four years in jail he stili maintained his
innocence.
She finds it very difficult to articulate her distress
How do you pronounce your name?
The report on the governmenfs links vvith the arm
trade was suppressed.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurmaal Szlk
1j o
poll (pol) : anket (yapmak); oy toplamak; oylama; oy vermek

poll = survey, question, nake inquiries; canvass, vote. ballot, cast a vote, go to
the polis, cast
Jack: Sence Oylar kim TOPLAYACAK0
George: ANKET YAPMAK lazm. Ama grne gre PAUL (poll) btn Oylar TOPLA
MAK istiyor.
Almost three-quarters of those who wee polled said
they opposed the government's policy.
She polled 10,250, votes.
The result of the poll vvont be known until midnight.
We are conducfing a poll to find out how many people
are in favour of nuclear povver,
A recent survey found that 39 % of the women asked did
not feel safe vvalking alone at night,
Sally always felt nervous when people asked her direct
questions about her private life.
After making a few inquiries we realized that it vvasn't a
good idea to buy such an old house,
Representatives canvassed ali the farms in the area so
they could anticipate the result of the meeting.
I havent decided yet how l'm going to vote.
t was decided that the matter should be decided by a
ballot,
By the end of the day, less than 50 % of the population
had cast their votes,
With only two days left before France goes to the polis,
ali parties are campaigning hard,
Ali the votes in the election have now been cast and the
counting has begun.
134
ponpous <pam'pis) : azametli, gururlu: tantanal

pompous = self-important, jumped up, haughty, eonceited. vain. arrogant,
snobbish. proud, pretentious, ostentatious
pompous x humble : alakgnll, mtevaz
Yaplan kazlar sonucunda POMPE
GURURLU okluklar ortaya kar.
ehrinde oturanlarn (pompous)
The railvvay guard was a pompous little official, who

acted as though he controlled the whole railway
system.
As a vvaiter he had grovvn to despise self-important
customers.
He was intervievved by a jumped up vvoman who did
her besi to make hm feel small
He was vvidely regarded as being haughty and ditficul
to talk to.
Hes very eonceited about his new book.
He believed that everyone was in love with him but
denied being vain,
I ound Peter arrogant, siy and insincere.
She is very snobbish about people who live in the
suburbs
I feel very proud when people admire my work.
1dont like pretentious rock groups.
They criticized the ostentatious life style of their leaders.
He was that rare creature, a truly humble politician.
AZAMETL,
135
.O ostensible (asten'sbl) : grnteki, grnen

ostensible = out\vard, esternal. superficial. pretended, so-called. supposed.
a\o\ved, apparent, manifest. plain
ostensible \ real : gerek
Aye: u gelen bizim SBEL deil mi?
Fatma: ASLEN SBELe benziyor. Ama (ostensible) GRNTEK, uzaktan GRNEN
haliyle yle. Yaklanca anlarz
Her ostensible reason for failing the exam was llness.
Their ostensible goal was to elean up government corruption, but their real aim vvas to unseat the govern
ment.
The book details the outvvard circumstances ot her life
but fails to reveal anything of her inner self.
Within the company, we ali feel that we should act now,
but there has been external oppositicn to this.
He appears only to have a superficial knovdedge of the
subject.
His pretended (= false) friendliness didn't fool me for
long.
The so-called expert on international affairs turned out
to be a young research student
This new evidence shows that the supposed killer could
not have been guilty.
The governrnent's avovved commitment/desire is to
reduce tax
It's quite apparent that she has no intention of changing
her mind.
Fear was manifest on his face
It's quiie plain (to me) that you havent been paying
attention
Wbat was the real reason for your absence?
Kehme Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlk
136
shun (An) : -den uzak durmak, - e yaklamamak, saknmak

slun = avoid, get around/round, shy away from, keep away, stay away. steer
clear of, keep apart, give sth/sb a \vide bertl, keep clear of
shun x court : yaranmak, dalkavukluk etmek
ALAN : Bir tiyatro oyuncusu olarak eski AN'm yok. (slun) herkes DEN bir sre UZAK
DURMAK istiyorum.
Ynetmen : AliAN byle bir nedenden dolay (shun) herkes DEN UZAK DURMAK,
kimseyE YAKLAMAMAK hite mantkl deil!
She has shunned publicity since she retired irom the
theatre.
Alian was a shy man vvbo shunned al) publicity.
I'm sure he vvants to avoid a scandal.
The administration got around this problem by introducing a new law.
r you can get round tbese difficulties, we'll be able to
discuss the really important points.
Many firms shy away from adopting this policy.
Keep away from Mr Mackrush; he is crazy.
Tourists were warned tley should stay away from black
market money exchanges.
Steer clear of that crowd - they're trouble!
Anne's very shy and likes to keep apart.
I'm going to give the boos a wide berth at the party-she'll
only want to talk about work,
You'd better keep clear of the city for a time, as there
may be a riot.
We had to be careful to stay clear of tovvns v/here we
might be recognized.
Hes courting the farmers because he needs their votes
in the election.
137
utilize (yu'tlavz) : kullanmak; yararlanmak, istifade etmek

utilize = use, make use of, employ, exercise, apply, dra\\ on, exploit, take
advantage of, bring into play. resort to, recur to
Hasta LAn YUTMAK istemeyince, doktoru: "YUT LA! (utilize) bunu KULLANMAK,
bu ilatan YARARLANMAK zorundayz. Yoksa dzelemezsin!" diye uyanda bulunur.
Engineers are working on ways to utilize the povver of
the wind
Do you mind if 1use your phone?
People asked her why she didn't make use of her musical talent and give singing lessons.
Mr. Baker has employed an investment strategy which
spreads his money across several financial markets.
The Congress must decide vvhether to exercise its veto
or not.
There are several tests you can apply to find out how
old a tree is.
Journalists draw on both published and unofficial

Information from many different sources.
The country's natural resources have not yet been fuily
exploited.
This is harvest time and the farmers are taking advantage
of the fine weather.
Electronic signalling is only brought into play when
necessary.
Im sorry to hear that you resorted to cheating
The nation may have to recur to unusual methods of
controlling rising prices.
138
allot (ht'1 : pay etmek, bltrmek

allot = share, tvide up, pareel out, dle out, distribute. allocate. apportion,
deal out, share out, carve up
allot x keep back : alkoymak
oban: Efendim hayvanlar ackt. OT lazm.
Patron: te AL OT! (allot) PAY ETMEK, BLTRMEK de senin grevin.
They alloied everyone a separate desk,
Three hours have been alloted to/for this task.
n tbis business we always share the profits.
Proceeds from the concerts will be divided up among
four majr charities.
After the farmer's deah, his land was parceled out
among his children.
The State has to dle out money in troubled times to
those in greatest need.
The party's aim is to distribute power more evenly
among the people.
Each of the refugees has been aliocated accommodation.
When we know how much is profit, then we can
apportion the money (among/between us).
We have only a small amount of food and elothing to
deal out to each refugee.
Whe he died his property was shared out between his
relatives.
When the wr ended the country was carved up by its
neighbours.
His employers kept back some of his vvages to pay for
the damage he'd done.
139
shudder (Adr) : rpermek, titremek (souk veya korkudan); titreme

shudder = shake, shiver, tremble, quiver, convulse, quake
Turistik bir gezi srasnda kiiiik ocuk ADIRvandan RPERNCE. annesi: "Olum ne var
bu kadar KORKACAK! Bu bir ADIRvn (shudder) RPERMEK. TTREMEK yersiz" diye
onu sakinletirmeye alr.
He stili shudders at the memory of his car accident.
I shuddered at the sight of the dead body.
I shudder to think how big the bili will be! (= I arn afraid
it will be very high).
The poor woman was shaking with fear.
As the patients (ever got worse his body began to shiv
er uncontrollably.
I was so nervous during the wedding ceremony that
my hands were trembling when I put the ring on
her finger,
Johns hands were quivering as he put down his papers
and started his speech.
The injured animal lay by the side of the road, convulsing with/in pain.
Every time I get on a plane, I quake with fear.
631
laf <lof) : bo gezmek, haylazlk etmek

loaf = laze around, laze about, lounge around, lounge about, shirk, sit around,
sit about, fritter asvav, waste time, idle avvay
Ali: Ben biraz arkadalarmla gezeceim,

Necla: Olum bu LA Fi bir daha duymak istemiyorum, (loaf) BO GEZMEK. HAYLAZLIK
ETMEK sana ne kazandracak? Otur dersini al!
Siop loafing (about/around) and get on vvith cleaning the
vvindovvs!
We lazed around in the sun ali day and went dancing in
the evening.
Stop lazing about you lot-get on vvith your work.
Instead of lounging around, reading magazines, you
could help me vvith the housework!
It's a perfect place to lounge about-hot sunshine and
free drinks.
We don't want anyone shirking round here, everyone is
expec!ed to earn their pay.
I go out to work every day and my husband just sits
around at home.
Some actors think they can sit about and wait for jobs,
but Sonia goes out and finds them for herself.
Youve been frittering away the vvhole afternoon instead
of vvorking.
Come on, lets get started-vve've vvasted enough time
already.
We idleri away the hours
140
bstle (bAs'I) : tela (etmek), kouma(k): kouturmak

bstle = hurry. rush, dash across. \vork against the eloek. be pushed/pressed
f'or time, betir, scramble, seamper. scuttle
bstle x take it easy : keyfine bakmak, keyif atmak
Patron: 2003 yl takvimleri BASILd m?
Ali: BASILd (bstle) TELA ETMEK. KOUTURMAK yersiz. Her ey hazr.
My aunt bustled in with the shopping in one arm and the
baby in fhe other.
Thora bustled about the flat, getting everything ready.
Please hurry, this is an emergency.
Try to do your work calrnly and carefully, vvithout rushing.
They dashed across the road in order to get to the bank
before it closed.
We really had to work against the clock to tinish the
report on time.
I dont vvant to seem rude but l'm very pressed tor time.
Could I cali you back later?
1cani stop right now, l'm a little pushed for time.
Betir yourself from that chair and make me a cup ot
tea, would you?
She scrambled up/down the steep hillside and ver the
rocks,
The children scampered off into the garden.
The children scuttled off as soon as the headmaster
appeared.
Just take it easy (= remain calm) and teli us exactly
what happened.
141
ostracize (as'trsayz) : kovmak, aforoz etmek

ostracize = blacklist, blackball. cast out, throu out, chuck out, exclude.
expatriate. disovvn, debar, excommunicate
ostracize x embrace : kabul etmek, benimsemek
TIR SAYrna yarmasna katlan bir sporcu. "TIR SAYISI AZ" diye yarmak istemeyince,
hakem: "Olsun sen de AZ TIRI SAY! Yoksa (ostracize) seni KOVMAK zorunda kalacam"
diye uyanda bulunur.
Johns unsportsmanlike behaviour caused him to be
ostracized by the other mernbers oi the county
Club,
Zita was ostracized by tbe giri at school simply
because her skin was darker than theirs
When she tried to get a loan she found she had been
blacklisted.
His membership of the societv was initially blackballed
on account of an old disputeoetvveen himself and a
couple of the committee mernbers,
n former times, criminals were often cas out and had
to live in the wild.
Two mernbers were thrown out (of the club) failing to
pay the money they owed,
A man was employed to chuck out any troublemakers.
They exclude people from their club for the most petty
reasons.
The new leaders expatriated the ruling family.
The political party publicly disowned him when his terrorist links became known.
Despite being excommunicated he kept his faith in God.
He was debarred (from the club) for unacceptable
behaviour,
How old were you when you embraced feminism?
142
sulk (sAlk) : somurtma(k), surat asmak, ksmek

sulk = mope, mope around/about, f'eel sorry for yourself, \vallo\v in, pout.
brood, be in a bad nood, be in a huff, be in one of his/her moods
Bir SALKm zm iin kz SURAT ASINCA, annesi: "ste zm! Hem de bir SALKmt.
sulk) SOMURTMAK, SURAT ASMAK sana hi yakmyor" der.
1cant stand it when she sulks.
The liftle boy suiked because he couldn't go to the circus,
Dont just lie there moping. Do somethirg with your life!
He's not even attempting to look for a job-he just mopes
around the house ali day.
No one vanted to hear about her problems. She just iay
on the bed feeling sorry tor herself.
She spent days wallowing in despair because her lover
had left her,
The spoilt child sat there pouting.
He brooded for several days ver what she had said,
Why are you in such a bad mood this morning?
She's in a huff because I vvon't take her to the cinema.
Its no use trying to reason with the boss right now; she
is in one of her moods.
sully (sAl'i) : kirletmek, lekelemek; kirlenmek, lekelenmek; kir, leke
sully = soil, stain, smear, snudge, blenish, spoil, defame, defile, taint, denigrate
sully X clean up : tam temizlenmek
SALLY yeni elbisesini KRLETNCE, annesi: "Daha yeni giydin SALLY (sully) stn
LEKELEMEK, KRLETMEK yoksa houna m gidiyor*
1" diye sylenir.
His reputation, he said, had been unfairly suiiied by
allegations, half-truths and innuendos.
The record company fears its assosciation with the
discredited rock star might sully its image
I vouldnt soil my hands on/with such a dishonest scheme
This carpet stains easily, so try not to spill anything on it
Can you explain why the front of your car is smeared
with blood?
He smudged the paper vviih his dirty hands.
t seems that this latest revelation has seriously blemished
the governors reputation.
Oil companies that spoil beautiful coastlines face billions
of dollars in fines and clean-up costs.
Mr. Smith claimed the editorial had defamed him.
The city has been defiled by ugly buildings.
His reputation was permanently tainted by the financial
scandal.
You shouldnt denigrate people just because they have
different beliefs from you.
You had better clean up that coffee before it stains the
carpet.
143
saa (sa'g) : destan

saa = epic. legend, fable, tale, romance, chronicle
Nermin: Dedeciim bana bir DESTAN anlatr msn?
Dede: Tabii. Sana SAKA kuu (saa) DESTANn anlatacam. Dikkatle dinle!
The novel is a historical saa, set in Tudo times.
The companys collapse was a saa of financial mismanagement.
I'm teading a real epic at the moment-it's ver a thousand
pages long.
She is vvriting a thesis on Irish legend and mythology
The best-known of Aesops fables is The Tortoise and
the Hare.
The children love his tales about pirates and smugglers.
The absence or unobtainability of the beloved is an
important part of medieval romances.
Kaise believes this chronicle to have been vvritten in AD
250.
|7
resume (rizunT) : kald yerden - e devan etmek

resume = take up, pick up, restart, renevv, go on, return to, go back to, piek up
vvhere you left off, proceed, start again, carry on
resume x leave off : brakmak, vazgemek
Solist: Eseri batan m alaym?

Orkestra efi: LZUM yok! (resume) KALDIIN YERDEN eserE DEVAM ETSEN de olur.
Let us resume vvhere we left off.
We resurned our discussions after a short rest.
n the second movement the strings take up the theme
from the horns.
Peter paused and John picked up the story.
We will restart training sessions after the Christmas
break.
Later John felt strong enough to renevv his efforts to
climb the mountain.
Go on, teli us what happened next.
She watch the television for a while and then returned
to cleaning the floor.
Aye made herself a cup of tea and then went back to
her reading.
After a long absence I went back to college, hopping to
pick up vvhere ld left off.
According to the nevvspaper the negotiations are proceeding smoothly.
After a two week rest I was ready to start running again.
She decided to carry on working after having the baby.
t is time you left off that childish habit of thought.
144
arid (er'd) : kuru; tatsz, yavan; kra

arid = parched, dry, scorched, torrid; fruitless, colourless, boring, dreary,
tedious, dull, uninteresting
arid x vivacious : hayat dolu, neeli, en
Yamak: Usta, bu yemek ok KURU olacak! Ne yapaym?
Aba: Biraz ya ERT (arid) yoksa bu TATSIZ, KURU, YAVAN yemei kimseye sala
mayz?
The desert is so arid that nothing can grow there.
I found his book extremely arid (= uninteresting or dull).
The earth was so parched that there vvere huge cracks
in it.
The wood was dry and it burned easily.
The countryside was scotched (= dry and brown) after
several vveeks ot hot sun.
n the torrid heat of May, no-one felt the need to vvalk far
or indulge in strenuous exercise.
Their attempt to settle the dispute by peaceful negotiations proved fruitless.
t is a rather grey, colourless city, with few interesting
sights or historical monuments.
Since she retired, her life has become extremely boring.
Bob paced up and down the corridors of that dreary old
hospital.
I didnt want to start a game of cards with John - I knew
it would be tedious.
She got fed up with the dull routine of washing and
cooking for the family.
Journalists ofien have to write exciting reports based on
quite uninteresting events,
The vivacious and colourful Street life of Bangkok was a
tourist attraction in itself

turgid (trcid) : abartmal, iirilmi, tumturakl
turgid = bloated, svutllen. puffy, pompous. rhetoricai, grandiloquenl,
overblovvn, pretentious. fancy
turgid x plain : basit, sade
Turgut: Hocam \ azdm denemeyi nasl buldunuz?
retmen: TURGUTUurgid) fazla ABARTMALI
The articles she writes are very turgid vvhich makes
them difficult to read.
His books are alvvays tull of turgid prose.
The organization has become a bloated (= unnecessarily large) bureaucracy vvhich is overstaffed and
wasteful.
Her fingers were badly svvollen with arlhritis.
The prisoner's face was bruised and puffy, and it vvas
obvious he had been beaten.
The viilage mayor is so pompous - he behaves as if he
is the President of France.
She threvv her arms pen in a grand rhetoricai gesture.
Her speech vvas full of grandiloquent (= complicated and
difficult to understand) language, but it contained no
new ideas.
Sir Neville's conducting is precise and delicate, never
overblovvn.
The novel deals vvith grand themes, but is never heavy
or pretentious.
Never mind ali these fancy phrases - just teli us the plain
facts
145
14 6
70i
plain (pleyn) : sade, dz, basit; ack; sradan

plain = clear, unanbiguous, lueid. unequivocal, palpable; simple, austere,
everyday, ordinary, normal, nondescript, average
plain x unclear ; kark; bulank
Pazarlama mdr; Hazrlanacak PLAN nasl olsun?

Genel mdr: PLAN (plain) BAST. SADE ve AIK olsun ki kolay anlalsn. Satlar artsn.
She spoke slowly and carefully, using plain, simple
language.
She wore a plain black (= only of that one colour) dress.
Its plain that they want you to help them.
Very young children need clear rules about what is
allowed and what isn't.
Safety guidelines need to be plain and unambiguous.
He has become well-known lor his lueid explanations of
complicated scientific concepts.
The European Parliament has given the plan its
unequivoca! support.
There was a palpable tension between the two groups.
Her behaviour was simple and childlike.
The courttoom was a latge dark chamber, an austere
place.
She uses ordinary everyday language to explain compli
cated ideas.
Its just an ordinary house in an ordinary Street.
t was a normal day, just lke any other, until the bomb
exploded.
They \vere an average family living a boring life in a non
descript little house in the suburbs.
James Joyce vvould probably not to be ramiliar to the
average French person.
The circumstances surrounding his death are stili
unclear.
147
=\
sole
artful
bleak
entangle
top off
daze
daunt
enunciate
poll
pompous
ostensible
shun
: tek. yalnz, biricik, bal

bana
: kurnaz; ustalkl
: kt, i ac olmayan;
souk ve kasvetli
(hava); plak, ak
: dolatrmak,
karmakark etmek;
(olumsuz bir eye)
kartrmak,
bulatrmak, artmak
; bitirmek, sona erdirmek
i gz kamatrmak,
bylemek, (hayret,
korku v.b. ile) afallatmak
; yldrmak, gzn
korkutmak
: beyan etmek, bildirmek,
iln etmek; telaffuz
etmek
; anket (yapmak); oy
toplamak; oylama; oy
vermek
: azametli, gururlu;
tantanal
: grnteki, grnen
-den uzak durmak, -e
yaklamamak,
saknmak
utilize
allot
shudder
loaf
bstle
ostracize
sulk
sully
saa
resume
arid
turgid
plain
; kullanmak;
yararlanmak, istifade
etmek
: pay etmek, bltrmek
: rpermek, titremek
(souk veya korkudan);
titreme
: bo gezmek, haylazlk
etmek
: tela (etmek),
kouma(k);
kouturmak
: kovmak, aforoz etmek
; somurtma(k), surat
asmak, ksmek
; kirletmek, lekelemek;
kirlenmek, lekelenmek;
kir, leke
: destan
: kald yerden -e
devam etmek
; kuru; tatsz, yavan;
kra
: abartmal, iirilmi,
tumturakl
: sade, dz, basit; ak;
sradan
................... -
148

1) H is ............ . surviving relative is an elderly aunt.
e) bleak
d) pompous
e) arid
a) artful
b) sole
2) He has shovvn himself to be an .............politician.
d) numerous
e) lone
b) bleak
c) artful
a) sole
3) n the long term, the economic outlook i s ............
e) haughty
d) vain
e) bleak
a) pompous
b) artful
4) The bili is sure t o .............parliament in endless debate.
d) daunt
e) daze
e) enunciate
a) entangle
b) allot
5) An actor must learn t o ............. (his words) clearly.
d) shun
e) shudder
b) enunciate
c) poll
a) allot
6) S h e ........... .. 10.250 votes.
d) bustled
b) shuddered
c) polled
e) ostracized
a)shunned
7) Zita was ... ......... by the giri at school simply because her skin was darken than
theirs.
e) utilized
d) ostracized
e) resumed
a) polled
b) bustled
8) Let u s ...... ......vvhere we ieft off.
d) sulk
c) bstle
e) sully
a) resume
b) ostracize
9) The record company fears its assosciation with the diseredited rock star might
.............its image.
e) ostracize
d) enunciate
e) sully
b) sulk
a) bstle
10) His books are alvvays full of .... ........ prose.
d) ostensible
e) so-called
a) numerous
b) turgid
c) lone

1) n the second movement the strings take up the theme from the horns.
a) utilize
b) daze
c) resume
d) sully
e) sulk
2) The little boy ujked because he couldnt go to the circus.
a) sullied
b) moped
c) bustled
d) loafed
e) shuddered
3) As the patients fever got worse his body began to hiver uncontrollably.
a) allot
b) leave off
c) utilise
d) sully
e) shake
4) I wouldnt soij my hands on/with such a distonest seheme.
a) sully
b) top off
c) round off
d) dazzle
e) daunt
5) He was driving fast just t o ............. us.
a) enunciate
b) poll
c) shun
d) daunt
e) divide up
6) n the business we alvvays hare the profits.
a) shiver
b) laze about
c) dash aeross d) cast out e) allot
7) n former times, criminals were often cast out and had to live in the wild.
a) ostracized
b) sulked
c) sullied
d) taken up e) bustled
8) Thora bustled about the flat, getting everything ready.
a) blacklisted
b) dashed aeross
c) enunciated d) dazed
e) enmeshed
9) The bili is sure to entangle parliament in endless debate.
a) dash aeross b) ostracize
e) enmesh
d) top off
e) wind up
10) She topped off her performance with a dazzling encore.
a) daunted
b) ostracized
e) articulated
d) rounded off e) polled
149

1) She has no desire to embroil herself in lengthy lawsuits with the tabloid newspapers.
a) utilize
b) extricate
c) allot
d) shudder
e) shirk
2) n this business we always share the profits.
a) keep back
b) bstle
c) get around
d) ballot
e) declare
3) n the speech, the leader enunciated his partys proposals tor tax reform,
a) restorted to
b) carved up c) lounge about d) suppressed e) polled
4) Please hurry, this is an emergency.
a) suppress
b) keep back c) tremble
d) dle out
e) take it easy
5) Her ostensible reason for failing the exam was illness.
a) real
b) pretended
c) bleak
d) artful
e) sole
6) She had sole responsibility for locking the shop each night.
a) solitary
b) numerous
c) bleak
d) artful
e) plain
7) Its plain tfat they want you to help them.
a) unambiquous b) turgid
c) vivacious
d) arid
e) unclear
8) I found his book extremely arid (= uninteresting or dull).
a) vivacious
b) fruitless
c) bleak
d) parched
e) outward
9)
We resumed our discussions after a short rest.
a) took up
b) sullied
c) ieft out
d) sulked
e) enmeshed
10) She topped off her performance with a dazzling encore.
a) daunted
b) enunciated c) shunned
d) suppressed e) commenced

saa,
defiled,
plain,
sulks,
polled,
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
pompous,
astute,
shudders,
dazed,
enunciate,
shunned,
arid,
bleak,
loafing about,
ostracized,
knocked back,
bustled,
wrap up,
turgid,
alloted,
utilize,
ostensible,
daunted,
entangled,
solitary
A .............light shone in the Street.

H is .............handling of this difficult situation saved her from disaster.
The outlook for borrovvers i s .............as interest rates are certain to rise.
The dolphin had becom e.............in/with the fishing nets.
I want t o .............this m eeting.............. as quickly as possible.
The news eft h im ...............
She was not at a l i .............by the size of the problem.
n the speech, the leader.............his partys proposals for tax reform.
Almost three-quarters of those who w e re .............said they opposed the governments policy.
The railway guard was a .............little officiai, who acted as though he controlled
the whole railway System.
H e r.............reason for failing the exam was illness.
Alian was a shy man w fo .............ali publicity.
Engineers are vvorking on ways t o ............. the power of the wind.
150
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)

T h e y.............everyone a separate desk.
He s t ili.............at the memory of his car accidert.
S to p ............................and ge on with cleaning the vvindovvs.
My a u n t.............in with the shopping in one arm and the baby in the other.
John's unsportsmanlike behaviour caused him to b e .............by the other mem
bers of the country club.
i cant stand it when s h e ...............
The city has bee n .............by ugly buildings.
The novel is a h isto rica l............... set in Tudor times.
His books are always full o f .............prose.
She wore a .............black dress.
I found his book extrem ely...............
The news re a ily .............h im .................

1) The deal was d o n e .............for profit. (sole)
2) His clothes w e re .............arranged to look stylishly casual. (art)
3) The government can no longer afford these expensive ............. abroad in other
countries wars. (entangle)
4) He was to o .............by the news to arswer straight away. (daze)
5) n spite of the scale of the famine, the relief workers struggled on with .............
optimism and commitment. (daunt)
6) t was a b i t .............to be told I was the wrong shape for a dancer. (daunt)
7) He has (a) very c le a r............... (enunciate)
8) I believe every young man benefits from being in the army, as I did, he said
...............(pompous)
9) She was irritated by th e ............. o f his manner. (pompous)
10) His arrest w a s .............for a criminal offence, but was reaily for political reasons.
(ostensible)
11) S ersible.............of the vvorlds resources must be given priority. (utilize)
12) We have used up this years .............of funds. (allot)
13) The country faces diplom atic.............if it refuses to join the political negotiations.
(ostracize)
14) She brought along a couple of ............. looking kids who didnt say a word ali
evening. (sulk)
15) Thats ali lm telling you, said G eorge...............(sulk)
16) The president called for an immediate cease-fire and a ............. of negotiations
betvveen the two sides. (resume)
17) A the men h a d .............lied. (plain)
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlin
151
pollute (pluO : kirletmek, pisletmek

pollute = contaminate. get sth dirt>, soil. taint. fouT, corrpt, spoil. ess up.
muek up, mar
pollute x purge : temizlemek, paklamak
Gen PLOT aday uan iini temiz tutmaynca, uu retmeni: "PLOT olmak iin nce
ua (pollute) KRLETMEKten kanman lazm" der
Companies that pollute the environment must be punished.
The words to the song were so disgusting that she felt
they were polluting her house.
The growth of bacteria may contaminate the water
supply,
We wear overalls so vve can paint vvithout getting our
clothes dirty.
The book had been soiled by Sertan's dirty fingers.
The bad smell in the refrigerator tainted the eheese
Stray dogs have fouled our footpath
Using those disgusting words is really corrupting your
language.
Leaving the milk out overnight has spoiled it
Try not to mess up your nevv dress before the party.
I got my boots mucked up in the garden.
The new power station mars the beauty of the countryside.
The nevv State governor has promised to purge the
polie force of corroption.
152
*jn n
# M.
fuddle (fAd'l) : artmak, sersemletmek

_ muddle, befuddle, distraet, nonplus, fluster, confuse, addle, perple.t,
bevvilder, bamboozle, puzzle
Hesap yaparken olu FADIL ok yaramazlk yapnca, babas: FADIL insan (fuddle)
AIRTMAK, SERSEMLETMEK houna m gidiyor!" diye sylenir.
Aunt Agatha becomes fuddled if she has too many
visitors,
So many people told us how to get there tbey only
muddled us.
You befuddle me when you use those big vvords that I
dont understand.
The TV will distraet you while you are doing your
homework.
The speaker seemed completely nonplussed (by my
question).
The shouts of the crowd fiustered the speaker and he
forgot what he was going to say.
You are confusing him! Teli him slovvly and one thing at
a time.
I think my brains been addled, by the heat!
He was perp!exed by her contradictory behaviour.
A new environment can bevvilder and frighten a child.
She bamboozled us by sending us a message vvritten in
secret code.
t puzzles me why she agreed to come when she is so
busy.
153
dispose of (dspoz' Av) : kurtulmak, yak etmek: harcamak (para, zaman vs)
dispose of = get rid of, throvv a\vay, throvv out, be rid of, purge. root out, \veed
out. finisl off, do a\vay \vith, destroy
dispose of x retain : alkoymak, tutmak
Dn resimlerine bakan gen kz. ekilen bir pozu beenmeyince: "TH1S POZ OOP! Ne ka
dar kt il ni! (dispose of) bundan KURTULMAK bunu YOK ETMEK zorundaym!" der.
Nuclear waste is oiten disposed of under the sea.
Tney disposed oi the dictator during the revolution.
Having a salary of $ 3 million a year 1should think he's
got a lot of income to dispose of (= spend).
I think it's about time we got rid of some of this junk.
150 tonnes of unvvanted medicine are thrown away
every year.
Tney used every serap of food; nothing was ever thrown
out.
She says she'll buy a car as soon as she's rid of ali her
debts.
Previous attempts to purge extremists from the party
have failed
The government claims to have rooted out ali those who
stood in the way of progress.
The report claimed that there were at least 25.000 inefficient teachers that needed to be vveeded out.
The last bombing should finish off the town.
t is time to do away with some of the oid laws.
Norvvay has destroyed England's chances of a place in
the final.
VVooden greenhouses retain heat better than aluminium
ones
154
display {dsplev') : gsterme!k). sergilene(k)

display = sho\v. exhibit, demostrate, register, re\eal, betray, can't hide. unveil.
nake it clear, present
display x veil : gizlemek
Denenme sras kendisine gelen gen oyuncu aday: "THIS PLAY bu oyunla yeteneimi (dis
play) GSTERMEK. SERGLEMEK zorundaym" diye heyecanlanr.
The British end not to display much emotion in public
She displayed her skating skilis to the judges during her
performance.
Kim received the news without showing any visible sign
of emotion.
The prisoner exhibited no emotion when he heard his
sentence.
Berna vvanted to demonstrate her syrnpathy in a practical
way.
He stepped back, his face registering alarm.
Dad revealed an unexpected talent for Flamenco dancing while on vacation in Spain.
Joe's voice betrayed his nervousness.
Kris couldn't hide his delight.
GM's nevv solar-powered car was unveiled at iast
months Geneva auto show.
The tone of the Presidents statement makes it clear
that he has no intention of resigning.
Please present your boarding card at the gate.
Thick fog veiled (= covered) the city.
1 5 5
blur (blr) : bulanklaltrlmak: lekele(n)mek

blur = dim. obf'uscate, obscure, blot ou, conceal: smear. .snudge. stain, blot
ones copybook, blemish
blur x illuninate : aydnlatmak
Yal balknn BULANIK suda avlandn gren gen meslekta: "Tam usta biri! Bu adam
balk BULUR! (blur) suyu BULANIKLATIRMAK bir ie yaramaz!" diye hayret eder.
Tears blurred my eyes
My memories of that time have blurred ver the years.
Social changes have blurred the dilferences betvveen
male and female roles wihin the house.
Hopes are dimming that any more survivors will be
found alive
The report obfuscates the principal points.
The report obscures the fact that taxes have actually
tisen.
The mist has blotted out the view.
She tried to conceal bow she felt.
Be careful: if you touch the wall you'll smear the fresh
paint.
She managed to eat a massive hamburger without
smudging her lipstick.
He had smoked lor so many years that his teeth were
permanently stained yel!ow.
Id blotted my copy book by marrying without my father's
approval.
The scandal has blemished his shining reputation.
The results of the recent research will illuminate the
mystery of the creation of the Universe.
1 5 6
1H(Q
/U
exult (gzAlf) ; (bir zaferden sonra) ok sevinmek, comak, vnmek

exut = rejoice, be jubilan. triumph. giorv in, delight in, take deligit in, take
pleasure in, boast, gloast, celebrate, brag
exult x mourn : yas tutmak
Ali: Neden bu kadar OK SEVNYORSUN'.

Veli: Sokakta kendi aralarnda tartan ocuklar izliyorum.
Ali: Byle bir duruma sevinen LK ZAT sensin (exult) OK SEVNMEK iin baka neden
bulamadn m?
The soldiers exu!ted at their victory/exulted ver their
defeated enemies.
Things will be different now", they exulted.
We rejoice in tle success of our troops.
The fans vvere jubilant at/over/about Turkeys victory.
I believe that sooner or later good must triumph ver evil.
He is stili glorying in the success of his first Hollyvvood film.
Mary delights in the new house.
Ali takes delight in (= enjoys) teasing his sister.
I take such pleasure in vvatching the children grow up.
She boasted of/about how she had vvritten a novel when
she was only. 13.
Don't gloat; the same misfortune may happen to you
one day,
If this plan works, vvell celebrate in style (= in a special
way).
They bragged that they had never been beaten.
She is mourning for her brother.
707
*e' r *e r * : v a r 's m ra sI
heir = heiress, inheritor, beneficiary, successor, descendant, next in line, follovver: posterity, future generations
Ailesinden miras kalan askeri artan komutan: "Olum ER (asker) artk (leir) VARS.
MRASI oldun!" diye bilgi verir.
The guest of honour vvas the Romanoff heir to the
throne of ali Russia.
He married Bertha Krupp, heiress to the Krupp industrial empire.
We are the inheritors of Greek and Roman culture.
His wife was the chief beneficiary of his will.
My successor as chairman takes ver next week.
They daim to be descendants (= children, or children of
the children, ete.) of a French dke.
Kim Bailey is (the) next in line to replace Chris Finlay as
managing direetor.
These people are follovvers of the Dalai Lama.
Every attempt is being made to ensure that these vvorks
. of art are preserved for posterity.
Environmental resources must be preserved for future
generations.
157
obsess (bses) : tedirgin etmek; zihnini megul etmek

obsess = \vorry, troubie, concern. prev on our mind. beset; think about. preoe
cupy, bedevil, piague, have sth on your mind, can't get sth ut of y our
head, d\vell onI*
Doktor: ikyetiniz nedir?
Hasta: Tek duyduum HEP SES ayn ses (obsess) o da beni TEDRGN EDYOR, ZHNM
MEGUL EDYOR
The idea of finding her real mother seemed to obsess
her (= she could not stop thinking about it and trying
to do it).
She wanted everyone to help her with this project which
obsessed her,
The recent changes in the Earths elimate are beginning
to worry some scientists.
You must talk to your daughter and find out vvhats
troubling her?
What concerns me most is that despite pay inereases
produetion has not improved.
Try to forget about the accident. You mustn't let it prey
on your mind
I vvas beset by doubts.
Nilgun 's stili very upset, and she can't stop thinking
about the accident.
Since her husbands illness, Vickys been very silent
and preoccupied.
Serious economic problems are bedeviling the country,
Financial crises have been plaguing their potential new
partners.
She has something on her mind, but she wont teli us
what it is
There's no use in dwelling on problems that we cant do
anything about.
Sophia just couldnt get the faces of those starving children out of her head.
1 5 8
indicate (n'dikeyt) : gstermek, iaret etmek

indicate = point out, point to. mark, shovv, displav, exhibit. register. mea.
inply, suggest, illustrate
indicate x dissenble : gizlemek
Uu retmeni : KATE'in arzal uandan haber var m?
Kontrol Kulesi: Yere sa salim N D KATE (indicate) bize nereye indiini GSTERD,
ARET ETT.
She indicated to me (that) she didnt want me to say
anything.
Sbe indicated vvhere 1should go.
John pointed out the building vvhere he vvorked.
He took out a map and pointed to the Island.
He put a slip of paper in his book to marks his page.
Can you show me exactly vvhere the accident happened?
The Computer displays the date in the top right corner.
The gallery exhibits mainly contemporary sculpture and
photography.
The tiny voltmeter registered the voltage in the machine
as normal.
This ort of behaviour means that the child is definitely
unhappy.
The results imply that the disease originated in West
Africa.
Ali the evidence suggests that he is guilty, but vve have
no absolute proof.
The experiment illustrates how careful you have to be
vvhen interpreting results.
Politicians frequently have to dissemble so as not to
admit that mistakes have been made.
71
159
\van (vvan) : solgun, soluk, benzi sararm; bitik

vvan = pale, tired, weary. ashen, haggard, gaunt, sickly, washed-out, unhealthy,
weak, feeble
vvan x blooming : salkl
VAN yresindeki doal yapy inceleyen uzmanlar hazrladklar raporda: VANnn bitki
rtiis (vvan) SOLUK. SOLGUN diye gr bildirirler.
The student's wan appearance caused the teacher to
send him home.
The child looked pale and vvan.
The kids were tired and irritable, so we sent them to
bed.
The soldiers had been marching lor three days and they
were dirty, weary and uncomfortable.
His ashen face shovved how shocked he was.
The haggard faces of the rescued miners shovved that
they had suffered.
He had gaunt cheeks and hollow eyes after his long illness.
His face was a sickly yellovv.
Don't ask Aye to do cooking - shes completely
washed-out.
He was always a very unhealthy person, so it is no surprise he died so young.
I was so weak after the accident that I could hardly
stand up.
She's very feeble now, she needs someone at home
full-time to look after her.
She has been blooming since she came out of hospital.
mu o
160

omen (o'mn) : kehanet, (bir olayn gerekleeceini nceden belirten) iaret,
alamet
omen = indication. sign, portent. token, prediction. agury, prophecy, forecast,
prenonition. \varning
Alice: Bu k ok souk olacakm!

Barbara: Nereden biliyorsun?
Alice: Televizyondaki O ADAMLAR (omen) KEHANETte bulundular.
Barbara: Sende bu KEHANETe inanmaya dnden hazrsn zaten!
Many people believe that a broken mirror is an omen oi
bad luck
There is no famine at present, but the omens for the
winter are not good and many people will face
starvation.
There are indications that the Democratic Party will win
the next election.
Signs of this illness are rapid breathing and a weak
pulse.
Is it true that cows lying down in a field are a portent of
rain?
Traditionally a man will buy his woman jewelry as a
token of his love for her.
No one believed her prediction that the vvorld would end
on November 12.
These sales figures are a good augury for another
proritable year.
The old vvomans prophecies ot disaster were soon
fulfilled.
If companys forecasts are righf, their investment wil!
have doubled in value within two years
He had a premonition'and rushed out of the kichen just
before an explosion vvrecked it
The sirens sound'ed an air-raid vvarning
Ketime Ezberleten Kursusu! Szlk
61
precious (pre's) : kymetli, deerli; ender; titiz

precious = priceless, of great value. valuable, tlear, irreplaceable, inestimable.
e\traordinary. invaluable. supreme, indispensable: fiicky
precious x valueless : deersiz, be para etmez
zerinde alt PRElerle kk olu oynamak isteyince, bilim adam; "PRE CIZIII Onlar
(precious( KIYMETL. DEERL; ENDER grlen bir cins" diye onu uyarr.
Clean vvater has become a very precious commodity in
many parts of the world.
Happiness was the most precious gift 1could have given
them.
You are so precious to me
He's so precious about his work that he never gets anything done.
There vvere some priceless things in the exhibition.
including a golden chariot.
He has a few paintings of great value.
Besides her studio apartment, she also owns a valuable
estate in Ayvalk.
That dress is too dear - l'll take the cheaper one.
No - one's irreplaceable.
The group has the inestimable advantage of being
directly elected by the people.
Her voice had an extraordinary hypnotic quality.
We received invaluable help from many students in our
research.
This invention is one of the supreme achievements of
the preseni century.
A telephone is an indispensable piece of equipment for
any Office.
Eat up your spaghetti and don't be so finicky!

A campaign, hovvever inspired. is valueless vvithout the
backing of an organization
162
71
clemean (dimin') : alaltmak, kltmek

demean = humiliate, disgrace, bring sbame on, degrade, debase, vitiate,
depreciate, disgrace, dishonour, disparage, put do\vn, deprecate
demean x extol : yceltmek
Bir saat nce ald harln bitiren ocuk, babasndan tekrar para istemeye kalknca, anne
si: Olum DEMN almadn m? (demean) kendini KLTMEK. ALALTMAK m isti
yorsun? diye sylenir.
I vvouldnt demean myself by asking my father for
money.
The eritire family was demeaned by Georges behaviour.
VVhy do you always have to humiliate me in front of your
friends?
Dont disgrace yourself by getting drunk again.
The Senatr was accused of bringing shame ard
humiliation on the vvhole party,
Dont degrade yourself by answering him.
Its absrd for journalists to debase themselves in this
way.
The moral strength of his argument was vitiated by its
impracticality.
Property shares have depreciated rapidly.
The assistant manager has been disgraced and dismissed for stealing.
She dishonoured him by taking a lover,
Other newspapers in the couniry tended to disparage
this as weak liberatisrn
Shops are being forced to put their prices down in order
to attract customers.
He is always deprecating my achievements.
He was extolled as a hero when he scored the winning
goal.
Kelime Ezberleten Km sal Szlk
163
hostile (hastl) : dman, dmanca

hostile = combative, belligerent, aggressive, antagonistic, opposed, contrary,
adverse, inhospitable, unfriendly, antisocial, cold
hostile x cordial : samimi, yrekten, candan
Esir alman DMAN askerlerini muayene eden doktor: "Bunlar DMANCA davransalar
bile, bazlar HASTA (hostile) DMAN olmalar tedavi olmalarn engellemez!" der.
Hostile forces have taken control of cities in the north of
the country.
The ptoposal was met with a hostile reaction.
She has a combative nature and seems to enjoy fighting.
Her belligerent behaviour tovvards her friends surprised
us.
He is oniy aggressive if you tease him.
Why are Ali and Ziya so antogonistic tovvards each
other?
Their opinions are diametricaliy opposed.
Liz put forward the contrary point of view at the meeting
and a lively discussion follovved.
The match has been cancelled due to adverse weather
conditions
Generally, the people 1 met in the City were rude and
inhospitable..
Why are you alvvays so unfriendly to my sister?
He didn't even try to talk to her - hes so antisocial .
He was very cold tovvards us when we met him yesterday,
Relations between the two leaders are said to be cor
dial.
164
Kuinc Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlk

summnn (sAm'n) : arftlmak. emirle davet etmek
.summon = send for, go for, invite. cali upon. bid. teli, ask, comnand, order.
instruct. assemble
summon x dismiss : gitmesine izin sermek
AM'IN toplantya gelmediini farkeden genel mdr: "AM'IN da hazr bulunmas gereki
yordu! AM'I (summon) AIRMAK ya da biriyle AIRTMAK zorundayz" der.
He vvas summoned into the presence of the Queen.
He was summoned to the headmaster's Office
If you suspect a hear attack send for the ambulance
immediately.
t the child gets any worse I shall have to go for the
doctor.
They have invited me to attend a session of tests and
intervievvs,
The Council have been called upon to stop the nevi
road being built.
He did as he vvas bidden, and held the door pen.
"Wait here!", he told the children.
I was asked to refrain from smoking in the Office.
The King had the power to command that parliament be
dissolved.
After the accident the government ordered a ful! public
enquiry.
One of the secretaries had been instructed to reserve
me a seat on the next plane to zmir.
Delegates were assembling in Geneva for the conference
The teacher dismissed the elass early because she had
a meeting
165
resolute (rez'iut) : kararl, azimli

resolute = determined, dogged. stubborn, steadfast. intent, resohed,
strong-\villed, single-minded. ruthless, staunch, self'-possessed. confident
resolute x doubtful : pheli
Hazrlanan projeyi beenmeyen firma sahibi: "REZALET!!! lresolute biraz AZML.
KARARLI olun!" diye alanlarna kr.
She's besi remembered lor her resolute commitment o
womens equality.
Workers made a determined effort to stop the tactory
from being ciosed down.
Everyone admired his dogged determination to teach
himself to read.
People showed stubborn resistance to the plans lor a
nuclear povver station in the tovvn.
My parents steadfast refusal to support the dictator
was to cost them dearly later on.
Ive tried persuading her not to go but shes intent on
it.
He was resolved to ask her to marry him the next day.
At seventy-nine, she is as strong-wilied as she ever
was.
To be successful in this job, you have to be singleminded and tireless.
When it comes to business, she's completely ruthless.
Politically, she is a staunch opponent of reform
She is a confident and self-possessed public speaker.
t was doubtful that the money would ever be found
again.
Kelime Ezberleten K um sal Szlk
166
mistiief (msf) : yaramazlk, haylazlk; zarar, ziyan

mischief = misbelaviour, delinguency, naugltiness, devilment, disobcdicnce:
harm, trouble, damage, destruction, disruption, demolition
mischief x good : iyilik, doruluk
Yeni yrmeye balayan ikiz kzlarnn YARAMAZLIK yapmalarndan bkan anneleri,
sonunda: "Artk sizin adnz MISS FT (mischief) YARAMAZLIK yapp ZARAR ZYAN
veren KZ BAYANLAR diye sylenir.
He needs a hobby to keep him busy and stop him from
getting into mischief.
Perhaps a new bike would keep him out of mischief.
The storm did a lot of mischief to the crops.
The school expelled him for persistent misbehaviour
His past de!inquencies (= acts of behaving illegally or
unacceptably) have made it difficult tor him to get
a job
She knows when she is getting away with too much
naughtiness.
That child is always busy with some devilment or
other.
Disobedience is treated with special harshness.
t wouldnt do her any harm to vvork a bit harder.
Your trouble is that youre too generous.
The flood caused serious damage to the crops
The enemy bombs caused vvidespread destruction.
The strike has caused vvidespread disruption of transport Services.
The Times began its demolition with an editoriai by
Lovat Fraser.
I'm punishing you for your own good (= to help you)
167
fO sketchy (ske'i) : olduka eksik, noksan, yarm yamalak

' sketchy = thin, vague, rougl, broad, outline, inconplete, imperf'ect, superficial,
slight, crude, cursory
sketchy x thorough : tam, mkemmel
renci: Hocam, dev olarak hazrladm SKE nasl buldunuz'.
Edebiyat retmeni: Yazdn SKEC (sketchy) OLDUKA EKSK, NOKSAN ve hatta
YARM YAMALAK bir alma. Daha dikkatli olmalsn!
So far we only sketchy Information about what caused
the explosion.
I'm afraid my knovvledge ot the subject is raber sketchy
1was disappointed with your history essay, it seemed a
little thin in terms of content.
His instructions were rather vague.
We have drawn up a rough plan but we haven't worked
out ali the costs.
Can you give me a broad outline of what the speech
was about?
Students taking this course need to have at least an out
line knowledge of computing.
Many of these decisions seem to have been based on
incomplete or inaccurate Information
We are living.in an imperfect world.
I only have a superficial knowledge of French.
There's been a slight improvernent in the situation.
The missile is very crude and rather inaccurate,
Even a cursory glance at the report showed that it was
full of mistakes.
They have promised a thorough inquiry into the plane
crash.
Kelime Ezberleten Kugusal Szlk
16 8
break oflbreyk of) : iliiini kesmek; birdenbire durmak

break off = se\er. part, separate, drif't apart, go their separate ays, end; stop,
halt, suspend, terminale, eease
renci snfta ok yaramazlk y apnca, retmeni: ''Artk bu haylazl BIRAK OFF! Bktm
senden! Byle devam edersen (break off) okulla LN KESLECEK!" diye onu uyarr.
He was so angry that he broke off his friendship with her.
As a result of the recent. unprovoked atack, he two
countries broke of their diplomatic relaions.
We have severed ali diplomatic relations with that country
She hoped that she and John vvould never part.
They separated several years ago, but they're not divorced

ver the years my school friends and I have drifted apart.
After we left college we ali went our separate ways and
I never saw those friends again
One more argument like this vvould end our marriage.
The only thing that will stop a hungry baby from crying
is tood
Ali his efforts had failed to halt the increase in Street erime
Ali pay inereases are to be suspended until further noiice
The contract will terminate next year.
The company has ceased trading
neatly (nitTi) : dzenli, temizce; zekice; gzel bir ekilde
neatly = tidilv, systenatically. methodically, accurately, daintily, smartly,
cleverlv, skillfully, nicelv, gracefully, elegantly
Genel mdr: Hangi aday ie alacaksn?
Personel mdr: Son aday. nk iyi NYETL (neatly) DZENL. TEMZCE giyinmi
Verdii yantlar ZEKCE. GZEL BR EKLDE alacamz umuyorum.
His clothes are ali neatly folded in their dravvers.
t comes ali neatly vvrapped up in its own liftle cellophane
bag
The theories and measurements fitted together neatly
She put the books avvay idily on the shelves
You will have to check ali the records systematically.
She alvvays packs very methodically. first arranging her
clothes on the bed.
The incident vvas not accurately reported.
He handed round a plate of tiny sandvviches, daintily
arranged in rings.
She vvas very smartly dressed.
I thought you handled the situation very cleverly.
I thought you ansvvered that question very skillfully.
She stands and moves nicely.
They are trying to handle their divorce as gracefully ( =
politely and pleasantly) as possible.
She vvas elegantly dressed in a Dior sit.
kelime Ezberleten K u r g u s a l S zl k
* * *
disseninate (elisem' tn e \t) : u \ tlak. samak

disseninate = spread, eircuiate, distribute. scatter, go arond, yet around,
pronlgate. propagate. pblici/.e, nake public, bla/.e almad
disseninate x repress : bask altnda tutmak, bastrmak
retmen: Bu snfta be tane EMNE adl renci var. Hangisi bu haberi YAYDI.
Snf bakam: Hocam. THIS EMNE (disseninate) haberi YAYDI.
One of the organizaion's aims is to disseminate Infor

mation about the spread of the disease.
i hope you haven'i been spreading rumors.
The resuls ot the s urvey were vvidely circulated
Troops have been distributed ver the entie war
zone.
The storm scatteted tiles everyvvhere
Nothing is ever secret here. The siightest bit of gossip
goes around like cvildfire
nce the story of scandal gets around, hell never
work in this town again.
t s ali part of the propaganda machine vvhich promulgates the belief that men are superior to vvomen.
Sucn lies are propagated in the media.
The event vvas well publicized ali ver town
The results wil! not be made public (= iold to everyone) until tomorrow.
His fame was blazed abroad by the country s newspapers and television
He repressed a sudden desire to cry.
169
170
filthv (flthi) : pis, kirli; hlak bozuk, iren

filthy = dirty, grubby, grimv, mucky, polluted; obscene, indecent, vulgar, levrd,
depraved, shameiess
filthy x innaculate : temiz; kusursuz
Sirk mdr: Sahne yine PS ve KRL. Bunu kim yapt?
Fil terbiyecisi: FLD (filthy) PS ve KRLydi. Etraf KRletti Birazdan temizleriz.
The boys were filthy when they came in from fodtball.
I think smoking is a filthy habit.
She's always telling filthy jokes,
We were hot and dirty arter working in the garden ali
atternoon.
He wiped his eyes with a grubby handkerchief.
It was difficult to see through the grimy windows of the
cafe.
Im goirtg to drink fromthose mucky cups!
The Jin Jang River is very polluted.
The editors of the film cut several scenes containing
obscene language.
You cant wear that dress to the dinner party - its positively indecent!
His humor is unsophisticated, sometimes even vulgar.
Although his jokes were a little lewd, he always made us
laugh.
Someone vvho can kili a child like that must be totally
depraved.
The magazine printed a shameiess article about the
singer's private life.
She keeps that house immaculate.
171
sensitive (sen'stiv) : hassas, duygulu: alngan; duygusal

sensitive = touchy, thin-skinned, moody, delicate, tender, kind, temperarental,
perceptive, impressionable, irritable
sensitive x insentive : duygusuz
DUYGUSAL bir kiiyi canlandracak oyuncu arayan tiyatro ynetmeni sonunda: SEN
STEVE! (sensitive) HASSAS, DUYGULU birisin. Bu rol senin! diye kararn verir
Her reply showed that she was very sensitive o eriti
cisin.
The scandal comes at an especially sensitive time for
the government.
Don't mention that she's put on weight - she's very
sensitive about it.
Why are you so touchy today?
Shes too thin-skinned to listen to any criticism of her
work.
He's only moody because things arent working out at
home.
Its a very delicate matter - lm not sure what I should
say to her.
What you need is some tender loving are.
She's a very kind and thougltfui person,
She's very temperamental.
Her books are full of perceptive insights into the
human condition.
Only the rnost impressionable of customers would
believe that.
Be careful what you say - he's rather irritable today.
I have never knovvn anyone as insensitive as Gina.
172

calamity (kliim'ti) : bel, felket, afet
calamity = disaster. catastrophe, tragedy, ad\ersity, affliction, nisfortune.
cataclysm. hardship. docvnfall. misehance
calamity x boon : iyilik
CALAMTY Janeden bkan erif : "CALAMTY sen kasabamza (calamity) BELA m

kesiklin! diye onu uyarr.
t would be a calamity for these people if the rains failed
yet again.
A series of calamities ruined them - floods. a failed
harvest and the death of a son.
The flood was one of the worst disasters vve've had
for years.
What a catastrophe it was when the grandstand at the
football match collapsed,
t was a tragedy when her brother died in the accident.
A good friend will not desert you in time of adversity.
She has never regarded her blindness as an affliction
His failure in business was due not to misfortune, but
to his own mistakes.
Only a cataclysm such as a flood or earthquake would
stop this football match.
The drought is one more hardship in this already ravaged area.
The scandal led to the downfall of the government.
t was sheer misehance that the stone struck her in
the eye
Guide dogs are a great boon to the partially sighted.
173

ou e (o) : borcu olmak, borlu olmak: minnettar olmak
owe = be in debt, be in the red, be overdravvn. be in deep debi, be heavily in
debt, be up to your ears in debt, ru up debts. gel into debt. default;
appreciate, be indebted to
"Olum sana kim BORLU OLDU?" diye babas sorunca, olu Ali, Ahmet'i gstererek:
Misketlerimi ald. Geri vermedi. Bana O (owe) BORLU OLDU" der.
Don't forget that you ovve me S 25.000.
Cuba owed $ 250 million to British cornpanies in 1999 .
I owe it ali to you . You vvere the only one who believed
in me.
The family is ver $ 30,000 in debt, and may loose
their house.
My sons bank account is usually in the red
The .bank wrote to teli him that he was overdravvn.
The disastrous attempt to expand left the airline deep
in debt.
When my father died vve discovered that he was heav
ily in debt.
Knowing that I was up to my ears in debt, Ziya offered
to help me out.
His son was wild and irresponsible and had run up
debts that he expected his father to pay.
The only way vve could avoid getting into debt was to
borrovv money from our parents.
The country had defaulted on its VVorld Bank loans.
Thanks a lot for lending me the car, I really appreciate it.
We are indebted to the National Archives for permission to print these photographs.
----------------------------------.
pollute
fuddle
dispose of
display
blur
exult
heir
obsess
indicate
wan
omen
i --------------------
: kirletmek, pisletmek
: artmak,
sersemletmek
: kurtulmak, yok etmek:
harcamak (para, zaman
vs)
:. gsterme(k),
sergileme(k)
: bulankla(tr)mak;
lekele(n)rhek
: (bir zaferden sonra) ok
sevinmek, comak,
vnmek
i vris, miras
: tedirgin etmek; zihnini
megul etmek
: gstermek, iaret etmek
: solgun, soluk, benzi
sararm; bitik
: kehanet, (bir olayn
gerekleeceini
nceden belirten) iaret,
alamet
precious
demean
hostile
summon
resolute
rnischief
sketchy
break off
neatly
dissem inate
filth y
sensitive
calam ity
owe
: kymetli, deerli; ender;

titiz
: alaltmak, kltmek
: dman, dmanca
: car(t)mak, emirle
davet etmek
: kararl, azimli
: yaramazlk, haylazlk;
zarar, ziyan
: olduka eksik, noksan,
yarm yamalak
: iliiini kesmek;
birdenbire durmak
: dzenli, temizce;
zekice; gzel bir ekilde
: yaymak, samak
: pis, kirli; ahlak bozuk,
iren
: hassas, duygulu;
alngan; duygusal
: bel, felket, afet
: borcu olmak, borlu
olmak; minnettar olmak
............................................^
Kelime Ezberleten KurgusuI Szlk
74

1) Companies that ............the environment must be punished.
a) fuddle
b) dispose
c) display
d) obsess
e) pollute
2) Aunt Agatha become........... . if she has too many visitors.

a) displayed
b) polluted
c) fuddled
d) disposed
e) exulted
3) The British tend not to ......... ... much emotion in public.

a) blur
b) demean
c) summon
d) break off
e) display
4) One of the organizations aims is to ............ information about the spread of the
disease.
a) disseminate
b) blur
c) fuddle
d) pollute
e) obsess
5) The boys were ............ when they came in from football.

a) valueless
b) filthy
c) sketchy
d) precious
e) immaculate
6) I wouldnt ........ .... myself by asking my father for money.

a) demean
b) indicate
c) pollute
d) obsess
e) dispose of
c) indicated
d) severed
e) summoned
7) She............where I should go.

a) disseminated b) owed
8) They had t o ..... ...... a second conference and change the previous decision.
a) pollute
b) obsess
c) demean
d) summon
e) owe
d) display
e) fuddle
9) Dont forget that you............. me $ 125.000.

a) blur
b) owe
c) summon
10) He was so angry that h e ...... ..... his friendship with her.
a) disposed of
b) obsessed
c) demeaned
d) polluted
e) broke off

D
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Companies that pollute the environment must be punished.

a) contaminate b) fuddle
c) gainsay
d) misjudge
e) miss
You befuddle me when you use those big words that I dont understand.
a) obsess
b) owe
c) muddle
d) contaminate e) exult
The soldiers exulted at their victory.
a) mourned
b) rejoiced
c) contaminated d) owed
e) obsessed
Tears blurred my eyes.
a) exulted
b) disposed of c) displayed
d) indicated
e) obfuscated
She indicated where I should go.
a) pointed out b) exu!ted
c) muddled
d) contaminated e) obsessed
The idea of finding her real mother seemed to obsess her.
a) dispose
b) irnply
c) humiliate
d) beset
e) owe
One of the organization's aims is to disseminate information about the spread of
the disease.
a) fuddle
b) circulate
c) obsess
d) beset
e)humiliat
Hostile forces have taken control of cities in the north of the country.
a) touchy
b) resolute
c) combative
d) cordial
e) siy
Shes best remembered for her resolute commitment to vvomens equality.
a) hostile
b) aggressive
c) sketchy
d) filthy
e)steadfa
The boys were filthy when they came in from football.
a) grubby
b) immaculate
c) sketchy
d) hostile
e)steadfa
175
Anonym almas (701-725)

1) t would be a cajamjity for these people if the rains failed yet again.
a) filthy
b) boon
c) disaster
d) sensitivity
e) resolrieness
2) Why are you so touchy today?
a) irnmaculate b) calamity
c) insensitive
d) boon
e) filthy
3) He wiped his eyes with a grubby handkerchief.
a) sketchy
b) resolute
c) hostile
d) irnmaculate
e) filthy
4) He needs a hobby to keep him busy and stop him from getting into misjuef.
a) good
b) calamity
c) sensitivity
d) filth
e) disaster
5) The proposal was met with a hostile reaction.
a) beiligerent
b) insensitive
c) filthy
d) resolute
e) cordial
6) The entire family was demeaned by George's behaviour.
a) vitiated
b) extolled
c) broken of
d) disseminated e) obsessed
7) She displayed her skating skills to the judges during her performance.
a) unveiled
b) extolled
c) obsessed
d) veiled
e) got rid of
8) Nuclear vvaste is often disposed of under the sea.
a) retained
b) fuddled
c) polluted
d) vitiated
e) extolled
9) The grovvth of bacteria may contaminate the water supply.
a) extolled
b) veiled
c) purge
d) fuddle
e) retained
10) Tears blurred mv eyes.
a) disposed of b) illuminated
c) fuddled
d) extolled
e) exulted

circulated,
disasters,
heir,
wan,
neatly,
summoned.
dismissed,
precious,
sensitive,
systematically,
mischief,
severed,
determined,
owe,
retain,
concerns,
thorough,
ornen,
dissemble,
blemish,
sketchy,
degrade,
rejoice,
beiligerent,
mess up
1) I .............it ali to you. You were the only one who believed in me.
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
Her reply shovved that she was v e ry ............. to criticism.

The flood was one of the w o rs t............. vveve had for years.
The results of the survey were w id e ly ...............
His clothes are a l i .............folded in their dravvers.
You will have to check ali the re c o rd s ............. .
We h a ve .............ali diplomatic relations with that country.
So far we only h a ve .............information about what caused the explosion.
They have promised a .............inquiry into the plane crash.
The storm did a lot o f .............to the crops.
VVorkers made a .............effort to stop the factory from being closed down.
He w a s .............to the headmasters Office.
The teacher.............the class early because she had a meeting.
H e r.............behaviour towards her friends surprised us.
D o n 't.............yourself by ansvvering him.
1 7 6
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
Happiness was the m o s t.............gift I could have given them.

Many people believe that a broken mirror is a n ............. of bad luck.
The students .............appearance caused the teacher to send him horne.
Politicians frequentiy have t o .............so as not to admit that mistakes have been
made.
W hat.............me most is that despite pay increases production has not improved.
The guest of honour was the R om anoff.............to the throne of ali Russia.
W e .............in the success of our troops.
The scandal h a s .............his shining reputation.
Try not t o .............your new dress before the party.
VVooden greenhouses.............heat better than aluminium ones.

1) People should be more concerned about the continuing .............of the environment. (pollute)
2) Sulphur dioxide is one of several.............that are released into the atmosphere b
coal-fired power stations. (poilute)
3) The picture on our television has become ra th e r............... (blur)
4) Everyone joined in th e .............at his release. (exult)
5) T h e .............crovvds were dancing in the streets. (exult)
6) The problems began when his love for her turned t o ...............(obsess)
7) My partner i s .............about punctuality. (obsess)
8) She diots and exercises............... (obsess)
9) A n .............of vvillingness to discuss the problem would be very helpful. (indicate)
10) There a re .............signs that the economy may be improving. (indicate)
11) Ali the main econom ic.............suggest that trade is improving. (indicate)
12) We have several hundred p o u n d s.............on our car. (owe)
13) Representatives of the company claim their plan vvill b e .............to local needs.
(sense)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
This is very delicate situation and it need to be h a n dled...............(sense)

One of the side effects of the drug is an increased.............to sunlight. (sense)
The old banknotes are being taken out of/withdrawn fr o m ...............(circulate)
Political rights were n o t.............from other rights. (separate)
The law involved th e .............of population into vvhites and non-whites. (separate)
lve n o .............of changing my plans just to fit in with his. (intend)
Did you leave his name out by accident or was i t .............? (intend)
72
177
esecute (ek'skyt) : uygulamak, yerine getirmek; idam etmek

execute = eary out, eonduet. inpiement, perforn, eoe into efect, put into
eff'eet. carrv through, put through; behead. lag. kili, shoot
Yeni bir ilac deneyen doktor, hastann fazla ila yuttuunu anlaynca: "Dier haplara gre bu
nu biraz EKSK YUT! (execute) yoksa tedaviyi UYGULAMAK. YERNE GETRMEK zor
lar!" der.
Now that we have approval we may execute the
seheme as previously agreed.
The vvhole play was executed with great precision
t now seems cerfain that the prisoner will be executed
tomorrovv.
She is carrying out an investigation into the causes of
liver disease.
We are conducting a routine investigation. There is
nothing to vvorry about.
We need a strategy that can be implemented quickly.
The operation was performed by a team of doctors at
Harefield Hospital.
The nevv charges will come into effect next April.
Dravvirg up a plan is easy; puding it into effect is
another matter.
He was determined to carry through ali his suggestions.
The direetor put the business deal through very quickly
King Henry had two of his wives beheaded
Casement was hanged as a traitor in 1916.
Just a tiny drop of this poison is enough to kili.
Most people can remember what they were doing on
the nighf that J. F. Kennedy was shot
178
i;
exhaust (igzst l : tketmek, bitirm ek; ok yormak

eshaust = use up, consume, fritte r away, ru through, dissipate, deplete; drain,
take it ou t of, tvear out, debiliate, fatigue
exhaust x replenish : tekrar doldurm ak
Mteri: EGZOS borusu bozuk galiba?

Tamirci: Doru.. Eer deitirmezsek. EGZOS arabann motorunu (e.vhaustj BTRECEK.
OK YORACAK ve de ok benzin TKETECEK.
We had exhausted our supply of oxygen.
My patience is exhausted,
We've exhausted this subject (=finished this conversation): let's go on to the next.
Im completely exhausted.
They have used up ali their assets - now nothing can
save them from bankruptcy.
These modern machines consume far less electricity.
t is easy to fritter avvay a fortune if you're not careful.
t took him just 6 months to run through ali the money
his father left him.
After five years in the same job his enthusiasm had
finally dissipated.
The illness depletes the body of vitamines.
VVorking such long hours had drained him (= made him
extremely tired, physically or emotionally),
Looking after three active children ali day really takes it
out of me.
She keeps wearing herself out for other people.
Chemotherapy exhausted and debilitated him.
The slightest effort seems to fatigue him.
We went into town to replenish our winter reserves.
728
ba-v be-v) : ko>>kk krfez

bay = bight, gulf, inlet, cove, estuary, harbour
Tekne kaptan: Rasgele! Buralarda demir atabileceimiz bir KOY ya da KK KRFEZ

var m?
Balk: Var BEY! (bay) ileride bir tane KOY var.
The sailing boats were anchored in the bay.
The Great Australian Bight is a very wide bight in the
Southern coast of Australia,
The Gulf of Mexico is the biggest gulf in North America's
coastline.
They found a sheltered inlet and anchored the boat.
The boys moored the boat is a sandy cove
The launch had to wait for high tide before it could cross
the bar at the estuary.
Our hotel room overlooked a pretty little fishing harbour.
72:
179
babble (bab'l) : gevezelik etmek, samalamak: boboazlk etmek: anlalmaz

szler sylemek
babble = clat, have a ebat, gibber. prattle. jabber, gabble; talk nosense: blab.
blurt out; murmur, vvhisper, hum
Bulduu kil tabletlerini inceleyen arkeoloji uzman: "Bunlar BABL'e zg (babble)

GEVEZELK ETMEK, SAMALAMAK; BOBOAZLIK ETMEK istemem ama pek
deerli eyler deil" der.
Dont babble - I cant understand what you are saying.
The children babbled excitedly among themselves.
You were babbling incoherently in your sleep last night.
She enjoys chatting to her friends ver a cup of coffee.
She went upstairs to have a little chat with her sister.
Stop gibbering, man, and teli us what you saw.
Many radio listeners are bored vvith DJs who prattle on
instead of playing music.
Nearby, another passenger was jabbering (away) into
one ot those portable phones.
Nage, as usual, was gabbling away on the telephone
Don't talk nonsense! I was promised it vvould be ready
today.
She blabbed ihe whole story to her mother.
To his friends surprise, he blurted his secret out one
night.
He was murmuring to himself in a corner.
Keep very stili, she whispered.
She could hear Joe humming to himself in the kitehen.
180

fruitful {frutfll : verimli
fruitful = produetive, prolific. profitable, useful. fertile, abundant, plentiful,
cupious, \vorth\vhile
fruitf'ul x fruitless : faydasz, nafile
ngiliz kabzmal anlama yapmak iin dolat meyve bahelerinden birini ok beenince:
"FRUIT FULL btn aalar meyve dolu, (fruitful) Ne kadar da VERML!
Sahibiyle derhal anlamalym" diye sevinir.
t was a very fruitful meeting; we rnade a lot of important
decisions.
So far. the invesigaion has not been very fruitful.
W had a very produetive meeting - I felt we sorted out a
lot of problems.
He was probably the most prolific song-writer of his
generation.
ver the years it has developed into a highly profitable
business.
Shes a really useful person to have around when things
go wrong.
His fertile brain vvorked away on the idea of a universal
cure.
The coastline is abundant in (= has a lot of) rare species
of plants.
Vegetables are cheap and plentiful at this time of year.
The regior has had copious snow in the last few days.
A trip to the museum is always worthwhile.
After weeks of fruitless argurnent they finally agreed to
go their sperate ways.
181
disconcert (disknsrt'l : artmak: sinirlendirmek: altst etmek

disconcert = discompo.se. discomfit, rul'fle, fluster. rattle, perturb: trstrate,
spoil, thvvart. upset, confuse
disconcert x comfort : teselli etmek; yattrmak
Gittii KONSER beenmeyen bir izleyici: "THIS CONCERT (disconcert) beni AIRTTI;
SNRLENDRD halta AltST ETT" diye sylenir.
She was disconcerted by his long silence.
Her remark disconcerted him.
We were disconcerted to be told, You can't be trusted."
The speaker was not discomposed by the jees of the
crowd.
I was quite discomfited by her questions.
Hes easily ruffled (= made nervous or annoyed) by
criticism.
Dont fluster m e __i'm trying to concentrate
She was obviously rattled by the question
He was perturbed to hear that there had been no
news of them for several days.
She was deeply frustrated by the amount of criticism
her play received.
He tried not to let the bad news spoil his evening.
My holiday plans have been thwarted by the strike.
Our plans were upset by the sudden change in the
vveather.
She spoke in riddles to try to confuse me.
He tried to comfort her by telling her that everything
vvould be alright soon.
182

deaden (ded'n) : hafifletmek, azaltmak, zayflatmak: kesmek (ses. ar)
deaden = dampen, blunt, alle\iate, mitigate, dull, lessen, noderate, subdue.
muflle. abate
deaden v itensify : iddetlendirmek, younlatrmak
Doktor : Ben sana ne dedim?

Hasta: Bu ila senin arn KESMEK, AZALTMAK, ZAYIFLATMAK (deaden) iin birebir
DEDN..
He took an aspirin to deaden the pain.
Morphine is often used to deaden the pain of serious
injuries.
Double glazing has helped to deaden the noise from the
motorway.
I think the accident dampened his enthusiasm tor the
spot for a vvhile.
My recent bad experience has rather blunted (= made
less strong) my enthusiasm for travel.
VVestern aid has helped to alleviate the situation in
Eritrea.
Car vvorkers organizations have tried to mitigate the
inhuman nature of assembly-line work.
VVlson's senses were stili dulled by the pili the doctor
had given him.
He shifted his position a little, in order to lessen the pain
in his leg.
Weather conditions have moderated, making a rescue
attempt possible.
The fire burned for eight hours before the fire crews
began to subdue it.
The houses windows are double-glazed to muffle the
noise of aircraft
The fighting in the area shows no sign of abating
This button on the left of the Computer allovvs you to
intensify the colour.
183
deal "itli (dil \vith) : ile al'eri etmek: stesinden gelmek: -e deinmek, -den
bahsetmek
deal "itli = do business itli, trade at. trade "itli, rade in: taekle. cupe "itli,
anage, landle; be about, concern.
D ticaret uzman yapt konumada: "Yabanclar LE ALIVER ETMEK iin nce
yabanc DL LE ilgili (deal \vithi sorunlarnzn STESNDEN GELMEK zorundasnz"
diye konunun netinE DENR
I have dealt witn this shop tor tvventy years.
How do you deal with noisy children?
Do you have any books that deal with rail travel in
Turkey.
1refuse to do business with that garage again after they
tried to eheat me.
My family has traded at Mr. Cimcoz's vegetable store lor
ver tvventy years.
I refuse to trade with that store ever again, they keep
eheating us on the bilisi
The company has been trading in (=buying and selling)
oil for many years,
Whats the best way to taekle this problem?
The factory coped very well with the sudden inerease in
demand.
I finally managed to find what I was looking for.
t was a difficult situation and he handled it very well.
What is your new book about?
This article concerns a gir! vvho was vvrongly imprisoned.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurvusu! Szlk
184
nettle (met'l) hrs, evk, hararet

ettle = vigour, ardour, vim, energy, intensity. keenness, vehemence,
enthusiasm. eagerness, zeal, fire
renci: METL grubunun zellii nedir?

Kimya retmeni: METLler dier maddelerle tepkimeye girmekte byk bir (nettle) HIRS.
EVK gsterirler.
The Turkish athletes showed their mettle in the final
round
The runner fell and twisted his ankle badly. but he
showed his mettle by continuing in the race.
They set about their vvork with youthful vigour and
enthusiasm.
Her lack of enthusiasm dampened his ardour.
Try and put a bit more vim into your performance
Young people usually have more energy than the old.
His eyes blazed with a passion of such intensity that she
was quite alarmed.
Personal qualities and keenness can be more important
in finding a job than previous vvork experience.
She argued vvith such vehemence against the proposal
that they decided to abandon it,
Nage plays tennis vvith great enthusiasm, but not very
well.
He could see the eagerness in her face.
They are pursuing their aims vvith a determined zeal/an
evangelical zeal.
The fire (= strong emotion) in her speech inspired everyone to carry on campaigning in spite of the recent
setbacks
185
tacile (tas 'l: becerikli; kolay

tacile = adept. proficient, artful, masterful, dexterous. adroit. skilled, skilt'ul;
simple. easy, elementary
tacile x difficult ; zor
renci: FASIL heyetinde ark sylemek mi yoksa solo yapmak m KOLAY dr?
Mzik retmeni: FASIL (tacile) daha KOLAY dr. Ama kiiye gre deiebilir.
n both speech and vvriting, his use of language is fluid
and tacile,
We musi avoid facile recriminations about vvho was to
blame.
She's very adept at/in making people feel at theit ease
t takes a couple of years of regular driving before you
become proficient at it,
The pime minister dealt with the intervievvers questions in a very artful way.
Since the final months of her presidential campaign, she
has displayed a masterful grasp o f political tactics,
She's very dexterous with her hands.
She became adroit at dealing with difficult questions,
My mother is very skilled at/in dress-making.
Polie drivers have o be skilful drivers.
I like this recipe because it's very simple.
The exam was easy,
The group had made some elementary mistakes,
t will be very difficult to prove that they are guilty.
<31
186
lueid (lu'sid) : akl banda; kolay anlalr, ak

lueid = sane, rational. sound, sensible. reasonable; comprehesible, intelligible,
easy to understand/follo\v; clear, linpid. transparent
lueid x irratiunal : aklsz, mantksz
Jane: Sen LUSyi iyi tanrsn.. Nasl biridir?
Barbara: LUS (lueid) AKLI BAINDA: KOLAY ANLAILIR. AIK bir kiilie sahiptir.
The drugs she's taking make her drowsy and conlused,
but there are times when she's quite lueid.
He writes in a very lueid manner.
n the doctors opinion he was sane at the time oi the
murder.
Lets try and discuss this like two rational human beings.
He alvvays gives sound advice.
Laure is a sensible girl. She vvouldn't talk to strangers.
He is a good negoiiator and a reasonable moderate
man.
Visual aids can make lessons much more interesting
and comprebensible.
n his book Montesquieu tries to make history intelligi
ble..
We try to vvrite it in language that is easy to understand.
The instruetions are easy to follow.
Is what I just said clear?
Her book is limpid, incisive, highly readable and often
very funny.
I think we should try to make the instruetions more
transparent (=clear and easy to understand).
His parents were worried by his increasingly irrational
behaviour.
187
naughty (n'ti) : yaramaz, haylaz

naughty = mischievous. badly-behaved. bad, fractious, annuying, disobedient.
insubordinate, unruly, defiant, spoilt
naughty x vvell-mannered : terbiyeli
Veli: Olumun son snavda ald NOT iyi mi?
retmen: NOT iyi. Ama snfta (naughty) YARAMAZ. HAYLAZ bir renci.
Its naughty to pul! your sister's hain
t was rather naughty of you to deceive the tax
inspector.
The class are noiorious in the school for their mis
chievous behaviour.
She is very badly behaved, alvvays shouting or being
tude in the class.
Youve been a bad girl-you know you're not allovved
to play with my clothes
lm afraid I don't have much patience in dealing with
fractious teenagers.
He's got a number of annoying habits, like interrupting people when theyre speaking.
She alvvays used to be a disobedient child.
The sailor was sent to the captain for insubordinate
behaviour,
More polie had to be called to control be unruly
crovvd.
Ive tried to get him to apologize, he remains defiant.
Just stop screaming and acting like a spoilt kid, and
play tne game properly.
The other visitors were too well-mannered to complain
188
ally (iil'ay) : birlemek, ittifak etmek

ally = nite, unify, combine, join, band together, join forces, affiliate,
coilaborate. stand together, pll together, team up
a ii> x disunite : ayrmak; ayrlmak
ki ALAYn komutanlar hazrladklar raporda: "Her iki ALAY (ally) BRLEMEK.

TTFAK ETMEK zorundadr" diye gr bildirirler.
Enalard allied itself with he United States during World
War II.
The two governments have United to combat terrorism.
Spain was unified in the 16th century.
The two countries combined against their comrnon
enemy.
VVhere do the two streams join?
Oissaisfied residents have started banding together
to demand betler housing conditions.
The two manufacturers, who were nce bitter rivals,
have now joined forces to develop a nevi sports
car,
Some of the industrial research centres are affiliated
to the university.
British and Italian polie collaborated in catching the
ierrorists,
Somehovv they stood together and kept the business
going in spite of ali that was going on.
Parents, teachers, and students should ali pull together
to tackle the schools drugs problem.
Its a long time since we've been teamed up: I hope
everything goes as well as last time.
These economic problems risk disuniting the countrys
coalition government.
189
diseredit (dskred'it) : pheye drmek, gvenini sarsmak; gzden

drmek; inanmamak
diseredit = doubt, cjuestion. dispute; defame. slander, libel, disparage, vilify;
disbelieve, distrust. mistrust
diseredit x credit : inanmak, itimat etmek
Verilen bir krediden PHEYE DEN banka mdr: "THIS CREDT) beni (diseredit)
GZDEN DRMEK, bankann bana olan GVENN SARSMAK iin verilmi olabilir"
dive fikir yrtr.
New Information diseredited the old report,
There was a plot by certain members ol the opposition
to diseredit the government.
The unsportsmanlike play of the football team diseredited
the entire sehool.
I diseredit ali those rumors.
At first I doubted his abilities, but he has done vvonderfully.
Experts have questioned the usefulness of vitamin pills.
I dispute the ministers figures-the true cost of the project
is much higher.
He said that the article had defamed him as a liar
He claims he was slandered at the meeting.
She claims she has been libelled in the press.
He tends to disparage the efforts of conservationists.
When it was discovered that he had been operating as
a spy, he was vilified as a traitor.
As a scientist, he disbelieves in things that can't be
explained.
Mr Mackroosh distrusts banks, so he keeps his money
at home
Why do you mistrust him so much? He seems honest
enough to me.
I credit him vvith a certain amount of sense
barrister (ber'istir) : avukat, dava vekili
barrister = lavvyer, solicitor, counsel, advocate, attorney
Baro bakam iki AVUKATm konumadn fark edince, yardmcsna: "Sen bunlar
BARITIR (barrister) AVUKAT olmular hl ocuk gibiler!" diye ricada bulunur.
The barrister defended the man accused of murder in
the High Court.
A lavvyer has to know ali about new laws so that he can
advise his clients.
I was advised to put the matter into the hands of a solicitor.
The barrister took his counsel to court vvith him to help
him argue the difficult case.
The lavvyer devoted himself to being an advocate for
conservationists vvho are arrested
Our attorney will sign our business papers vvhile vve are
overseas.
190

jail (ceyl) : hapsetmek, tutuklamak; cezaevi, hapishane
jail = confine. imprison, Iock up, intern. incarcerate. detain, put aray; prison,
penitentiary, compound, lockup. clink
jail x let go; serbest brakmak
Mahkeme sonunda hkim: JANE seni (jail) HAPSETMEK. TUTUKLAMAK zorundaym"

diye kararn aklar.
The judge jailed him for tive yeas.
The old man spent a week in the town jail on a charge
of vagrancy.
The warders coniined the unruly prisoner in her celi
for two days.
The kidnappers imprisoned their victirn in an old farrrhouse.
The constable locked up the suspect in a celi until he
could be taken before a judge.
The government interned any German tourists who
were in Engiand when war was deciared in 1939.
Thousands of dissidents have been interrogated or
incarcerated in recent weeks.
The polie have detained two men fot questioning at
the polie station,
The judge put the criminal away for ten years, where
he could do no har m.
A new prison has been built in the area.
Jed was sent to the State penitentiary.
The soldiers guarded the captured airmen in a com
pound for prisoners -of- war.
The constable took the drunken driver to the lockup.
He is in the clink.
Due to a lack of evidence against the suspect, the
polie had to let the prisoner go.
74;
191
aptitude (ap'ttud) : yetenek, kabiliyet

aptitude = ability, capability, capacity, gift, talent, intelligence. intellect,
cleverness. knack. potantial
aptitude x inconpetenee : yetersizlik, beceriksizlik
Abdi: retmenim ben o ipi tutamam!

Beden retmeni: ABD TUT! (aptitude) sende YETENEK, KABLYET var. Kendine
hakszlk etme!
My son has no/little aptitude for sport.
I had to take an aptitude test before I began training as
a nurse.
We will take your personal apttudes and abilities into
account,
These tests are beyond the capability of an average 12
- year - old.
She has a great capacity for hard vvork.
He has a gift for languages - he speaks about five fluently,
Sevving isnt among my many talents.
ntelligence cannot be measured just by exam results
He is a man mot e noted f o r his intellect than his charm,
Its his cleverness that has got him vvhere he is today
As a politician, she has to have the knack of inspiring
confidence in her listeners
You have the potential to reach the top of your profession
if you want to
Local politicians have accused the government of
incompetence in failing to restore public Services
after the earthguake.
192
queue (kyul : kuyrua girmek: kuyruk oirak: sra, kuyruk

queue = lin up. queue up, be in the queue, \vait in ne. stand in ne: line. rovr.
processio. file, .string
KUYU banda tartma knca, ky muhtar: "KUYUdan su almak isleyenler (quee>
KUYRUA GRMEK. KUYRUK OLMAK zorundadr!" der.
We had o queue for three hours to get iickets.
Dozens of people were queueing to buy sausages.
If you want tickets you vvill have io join the queue at the
ticket Office.
The reporters lined up dutifully to have a few vvords with
the President.
If you are going to see the show. it's vvorth queueing up
to get a good seat.
VVhile.l was in the queue at the bank I met an old school
friend.
To make vzaiting in iine more bearable she carries
around a folding chair that's small enough to fit in
her handbag,
Ordinary customers have to stand in line to cash
checks.
People waited patiently for hours in apparenily endless
lines.
The hotel staff stood in a row to greet their important
guests.
We watched the long procession from the upstairs windows of the house
They were horrified to see file of ants coverging on the
house.
Her life has been one long string of disappointrnents
Kelime Ezberleme Kurgusal Szlk
193
candid (kan'did) : samimi, iten; tarafsz

candid = stnightfor\vard. trutlful. straight. pen, direet. forthright. blunt. out
spoken: unbiased, irpartial. dispassionate
candid x devious : sinsi, hilekr
renci : Voltaire "CANDIDE" adl eserinde nasl bir dil kullanmtr?
retmen: CANDIDE'de (candid) SAMM. TEN. TARAFSIZ bir dil kullanmtr.
As a friend shes very candid, always saying vvhai she
ihinks about us
Hes tough. but always straightforward and fair.
As a child she was obedient and truthful
Be straight with me-tell me the truth
Diana's very easy to talk to because shes so pen
People vvere scared of my father, who was very direet
She was by nature forthright and impatient,
Visitors are often shocked by Maria's blunt manner.
Erince Charles is probably the most outspoken member
of the British Royal Family.
I want to have your frank and unbiased opinion on this
article I have vvritten.
Historians try to be impartial, but ihey can not free themselves entirely from iheir own opinions.
The cold, dispassionate logic of Raymond's argumenis
drove her crazy,
You have to be a bit devious if youre going to succeed
in business.
destiny (des'tni) : kader, ksmet, aln yazs
destine = fate, lot, fortune, luck. chance, futre
Mteri: Benim de falma bakar msn? te iskambil DESTEM
Falc: Ver DESTEN (destinv) KADERnde. KISMETde ne varm bir grelim?
The destiny of our nation depends on the result of this
vote!
People want to be able to determine / control / take
charge of their ovvn destinies
Destiny is sometimes cruel.
We demand the right to vote and decide our own fate
Learn to be content wiih your lot (in life).
She had the (great) good fortune to be free from illness
ali her life
There is no skill in a game like roulette, it's ali luck
t vvas just chance that we saw each other in the Street
that day,
The company's future is uncertain.
194
'
Chase (tevsi : peine dmek, izlemek, takip etmek, kovalamak; izleme, takip
Chase = follovt, ru after, prsue. go after, hound, stalk, trail, track. taii,
shadovv, run down
renci ; Satran bilgimi gelitirmek iin ne yapmalym?

Satran retmeni: CHESS renmek iin (chase) PENE DMEK, dier oyuncular
ZLEMEK, oyunlarn TAKP ETMEK gerekir.
I chased him fo about a mile and then gave up,
The polie car was going so fast, it must bave been
chasing someone
The cat chased the mouse but couldnt catch it,
There was an exciting car chase in the film.
He follov/ed her home to find out where she lived.
Two policemen ran after the man, but couldnt catch
him.
PC Smyth was shot twice as he pursued two men
across the fields.
D.ont bother going after him now. Let him calm down
first.
He had been hounded tor years by the security polie.
Polar bears stalk seals resting on the ice.
The polie trailed the gang to their hideout.
Dogs are used to track the wolves to their lair in the
forest.
A black car had been tailing us for the last 5 miles.
US submarines shadovved the Soviet ships and
recorded their sonar signals.
The polie were able to run the jevvel ihieves down after
a long search.

-s
'
195
itch (i) : kanmak; iddetle arzu etmek: kant; arzu, istek

itch = prickle. scratch: dream of. long for, yearn, hanker after. crave; desire,
lust, wish
Allerjiden KAINAN olu ila mek istemeyince, anne: "Bu urubu ! (itch) KAINMAK
istemiyorsan!" diye sylenir.
The mosquito bites itched so much 1couldn't sleep.
He was itching to hear the results.
I itched to teli h e r vvhat ld heard.
I have got an itch on the back of my neck.
He had an itch (=very much vvanted) to change things.
This sweater is prickling me.
Would you scratch my back for me? Ive got a dreadful
itch I cant reach it.
She dreamt of becoming a famous novelist.
He longed for the good old days when teachers vvere
shovvn respect.
Above ali the prisoner yearned for freedom.
1 stili hanker after a career in politics, she confided.
ve always craved love and acceptance.
The treatment is designed to reduce the individuals
desire for alcohol.
Throughou his career he was moivated by a lust for
power.
t was my grandfather's last wish that his estate be
divided up between the grandchildren.
7 4 8
challenge (alnc) : meydan okuma(k); (hkim veya jriyi) reddetmek

challenge = dare, defy, stand up to, stand against, confront; oppose, dissent,
dispute, object, contradict
Clallenger aracnn kaptan vapt konumada: "Challenger ile uzaya (challenge) MEYDAN
O K U Y R U M .'"der.
I challenge you to race me across the lake.
He accepted his friends challenge to svvim across the river
A rnember of the jury was challenged because she was
an employee of the defendant.
How dare you accuse me of lying?
The acrobat seemed to defy the law of gravity.
Mary found it difficult to stand up to Jim's father when he
disapproved of their marriage.
I stand against ali forms of cruelty, especially to children.
As she left the court, she was confronted by angry
crowds who tried to block her way
The referendum shovved that 98 % of the population
oppose the use of nuclear vveapons.
Nine people vvere in favour of the proposal and three
dissented (= vvere opposed)
Few vvould dispute his status as the finest artist of the
period.
VVoutd anyone object if we started the meeting row?
How dare you contradict (him)l
Kelime Ezberleten Kurev.Mil Szlk
196
estate (steyt' : mal. mlk: lmle braklan mal \e mlk: naliklane: durum,
hal
estate = propertj. land. possessions. belongings. assets: situation, cireumstanee.
eonditio. state
Mteri: Bu M'LK satn almak iin ne yapmalym.
Emlak: nce STET (estate) MLKiin kaydn tapu dairesinden. Sonra ilemlere balarsn
He bought an estate near Oxford.
He divided his estate among his four brothers.
The colonel reiurned to his estate in Somerset tor ihe
vveekend
So low had Suzuki's estate fallen that his own cabinet
ministers disregaraed his wishes.
That car is my property: you musn't use it vvithout my
permission
Land prices have risen quickiy.
We hired a van to move al! our possessions to our nevv
house
I had to decide where to put my belongings in my new
bedroom
Our house and car are our most important assets.
VVth no rain tor the last three years. the country is in a
desperate situation.
This rule can only be vvaived in excepiional circumstances.
Her condition is improving. (= She is getting weil again).
Sne was in a (terrible) State (= nervous and upset)
before the intervievv.
197
p aram o un t (p er'm au n t) : en nemli, stn, balca

p aram o u n t = foremost, dominant, superior. suprem e, p r i m a t ) , chief, prenier.
Principal, main
param o u n t x m inr : nemi az
Vitrin dekoru yapan PERHAN: "MONTu ne tarafa yerletireyim?" diye sorunca, maaza
mdr: "PER MONT (paramount) EN NEML rnmz. En ne ltfen: diye aklama,
da bulunur.
This matter is of paramount importance.
The interesis of the consumer shoula be paramount
He was the foremost conductor of his day.
Peace was the dominant theme of the conference
We chose her for the job because she was the superior
candidaie.
The preseni constitution gives supreme authoriiy to
the presideney.
The Red Cross's primary concern is to preserve and
protect human life
Our chief expenditure is on raw materials
Britains premier festival theatre is based at
Chichester.
Iraq's principal export is oil
The main reason I don't like him is that he is boring
He was a minr poet of the sixteenth century - you
probably wont have heard of him.
19 8
f=
! execute
exhaust
bay
babble
fru itfu l
disconcert
deaden
deal with
mettle
facile
lucid
naughty
ally
discredit
v.
: uygulamak, yerine
getirmek: idam etmek
: tketmek, bitirmek; ok
yormak
: koy, kk krfez
: gevezelik etmek,
samalamak;
boboazlk etmek;
anlalmaz szler
sylemek
: verimli
: artmak; sinirlenmek;
altst etmek
: hafifletmek, azaltmak,
zayflatmak; kesmek
(ses, ar)
: ile alveri etmek;
stesinden gelmek; -e
deinmek, -den
bahsetmek
: hrs, evk, hararet
: becerikli; kolay
: akl banda; kolay
anlalr, ak
: yaramaz, haylaz
: birlemek, ittifak etmek
: pheye drmek,
barrister
jail
aptitude
queue
candid
destiny
chase
itch
challenge
estate
param ount
gvenini sarsmak;
gzden drmek;
inanmamak
: avukat, dava vekili
: hapsetmek, tutuklamak;
cezaevi, hapishane
: yetenek, kabiliyet
kuyrua girmek; kuyruk I
olmak; sra, kuyruk
1
; samimi, iten; tarafsz
; kader, ksmet, aln
i
yazs
i
: peine dmek,
izlemek, takip etmek,
kovalamak; izleme,
takip
: kanmak; iddetle arzu
etmek; kant; arzu,
istek
; meydan okuma(k);
(hkim veya jriyi)
reddetmek
: mal, mlk; lmle
braklan mal ve mlk;
malikhane; durum, hal
: en nemli, stn,
balca
....................
.J
199

1) Now that we have approval we n a y .............the scheme as previously agreed.
d) itch
a) exhaust
b) execute
c) babble
e) disconceri
2) We h a d ........... .. our supply of oxygen.
c) exhausted
d) allied
a) disconcerted b) itched
e) discredited
3) England.......... ... itself with the United States during World War II.
d) babbled
a) allied
b) disconcerted c) exhausted
e) jailed
4) I h a ve ............. this shop for twenty years.
d) chaflenged e) dealt wih
a) chased
b) itched
c) jailed
5) I .............you to race me across the lake.
a) itch
b) Chase
c) challenge
d) deal with
e) jail
6) He bought an .............near Oxford.
b) bay
c) barrister
d) destiny
a) estate
e) mettle
7) The ju d g e ...... ......him for five years.
a) babbled
b) jailed
c) exhausted
d)chased
e) discredited
I
had
to
take
a
n
.............
test
before
I
began
training
as
a
nurse.
8)
d) aptitude
a) jail
b) barrister
c) mettle
e) incompetence
9) The Turkish athletes shovved th e ir.............in the final round.
a) barrister
b) queue
c) mettle
d) destiny
e) itch
10) He writes in a v e ry ............. manner.
d) disobedient e) lucid
a) naughty
b) mischievous c) paramount
11) We had t o ...... ......for three hours to get tickets.
b) dare
c) challenge
a) queue
d) gabble
e) execute
12) Dont ............. I cant understand what you are saying.
d) execute
a) jail
b) ally
c) babble
e) carry out
13) This matter is o f ............. importance.
a) candid
d) fruitful
b) devious
c) talented
e) paramount

1) The whole play was executed v/ith qreat precision.
a) exhausted
b) babbled
c) disconcerted d) deadened
2) The children babbled excitedly amonq themselves.
a) chatted
b) discomposed
c) carried out d) discredited
3) These modern machines consume far less electricitv.
a) gibber
d) replenish
b) queue
c) use up
4) We had to queue for three hours to qet tickets.
d) ally
a) cballenge
b) use up
c) dispute
5)
e) carried out
e) jailed
e) confine
e) line up
The two governments have United to combat terrorism.
a) disunited
b) unified
c) discredited
d) disconcerted e) lined up
c) carried out
d) lined up
e) babbled
d) dampen
e) intensi'y
6) Her remark disconcerted him.
a) discomposed b) united
7) He took an aspirin to deaden the pain.
a) ally
b) discompose
c) queue
8) There was a plot by certain members of the opposition to discredit the government.
a) dispute
b) ally
c) jai!
d) execute
e) line up
2 00
9)
As a friend she's very candid, always saying what she thinks about us.
b) straightrorvvard c) paramount d) minr
e) fruitful
10) t was a very fruitful meeting; we made a lot of imporani decisions.
a) devious
a) tacile
b) adep
c) productive
d) fruitless
e) minr
11) n both speech and writing, his use of language is fluid and facile.
a) paramount
12)
b) devious
c) candid
d) proficient
e) difficult
It's naughty to pull your sisters hair.
a) candid
b) paramount
c) mischievous d) difficult
e) proficient

D
They have used up ali their assets - now nothing can save them from bankruptcy.
a) replenished
b) queued
c) jaiied
d) discredited
e) executed
2 ) She was disconcerted by his long silence.
a) deadened
b) jaiied
c) dealth with
d) United
e) comforted
3) The two governments have united to combat terrorism.
a) disconcerted b) disunited
c) comforted
d) allied
e) discredited
4) Morphine is often used to deaden the pain of serious injuries.
a) used up
b) ally
c) execute
d) intensify
e) deal with
5) In both speech and vvriting, his use of language is fluid and facile.
a) naughty
b) lucid
c) difficult
d) candid
e) paramount
6)
He writes in a very lucid manner.
a) sane
b) facile
c) naughty
d) mischievous
7) t was raiher naughty of you to deceive the tax inspector.
a) vvell-mannered b) mischievous c) paramount
d) minr
The interests of the consumer should be paramount.
a) lucid
b) naughty
c) fruitful
d) devious
9) So far, the investigation has not been very fruitfuL
e) irrational
e) devious
8)
a) naughty
b) devious
c) fruitless
d) productive
e) minr
e) usetul
10 )
The unsportsmanlike play of the football team discredited the entire school.
11)
The judge jaiied him for five years.
a) credited
a) exhausted
12)
b) allied
b) freed
c) deadened
c) dealt with
d) dealt with
e execuea
d) executed
e) disconcerted
d) fruitful
e) devious
Hes iough, but always straightforward and fair.
a) lucid
b) paramouni
candid

prolific,
barrister,
implemented,
stalk,
destiny,
defamed,
intelligible,
ruffled,
fritter away,
gibbering.
forthright,
assets,
insubordinate,
moderaed,
affiliated.
chief,
yearned,
stand in ne,
dexterous,
capacity,
bay,
traded at,
detained,
enthusiasm,
contradict

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
201
We need a strategy that can be ............ quickly

t is easy t o .............a fortune if you're not careful.
The sailing boats were anehored in th e ...............
S to p ............ , man, and teli us what you saw.
He was probably the m o s t.............song-vvriter of his generaiion.
Hes e a s ily ............. by eriticisin.
VVeather conditions h a v e ............., making a rescue attempi possible.
My family h a s .............Mr. CMCOZs vegetable store for ver tvrenty years.
Her lack o f .............dampened his ardour.
Shes v e r y ............ with her hand.
n his book Montesguieu tries to make h is to ry ...............
The sailor was sent to the captain f o r .............behaviour.
Some of the industrial research centres a re .............to the university.
He said that the article h a d .............him as a liar.
T h e .............defended the man accused of murder in the High Court.
The polie h a ve ............. two men for questioning at the polie station.
She has a g re a t............. for hard work.
Ordinary customers have t o .............to cash checks.
She was by n a tu re ............. and impatient.
T h e .............of our nation depends on the result of this vote!
Polar be a rs............. seals resting on the ice.
Above ali the p ris o n e r.............for freedom.
How dare y o u ............. him!
Our house and car are our most im p o rta n t...............
O u r.............expenditure is on raw materials.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
The g u ita ris t's .............of the sonata was superb. (execute)
H is .............skills will be very useful to the company. (execute)
His uncle is th e ............. of his mother's vvill. (execute)
it is clear that many of the Earth resources a e ............... (exhaust)
She felt ili with / fr o m ...............(exhaust)
............., they fell asleep.(exhaust)
I find late - night phone calls m o s t...............(disconcert)
He looked so elegant, but spoke with a .............vulgar accent. (disconcert)
He explained it al! v e ry ...............(lucid)
He v/rites with g re a t............... (lucid)
Your time and effort would be m o re .............spent on another project. (fruit)
For years she had been ............. searehing for a company to sponsor her
research. (fruit)
13) He was convinced of th e .............of the task he was doing. (fruit)
14) Nato is sometimes called The A tla n tic ...............(allay)
15) The general admitted that civilian casualties vvere being caused by t h e .............
bombing. (allay)
202
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
Ketime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlk

It's almost impossible to get politicians lo talk ............ about their ambitions.
(candid)
If th e .............wins, he will become the new world heavyvveight Champion, (challenge)
T h e .............opened the celi door with a large key. (jail)
1 recognized several o ld .............among the photographs. (jail)
This cream will reduce th e ............... (itch)
203
Kelime Ezberleten K im ilis i
Revision Test 1
Find the right word almas
D The merger proved to be v e ry .............for both companies.
a) lucrative
b) populous
c) equvical
d) spacious
e) alluring
2) I ............................the list, but none of the machines seemed any good.
a) made up
b) looked after o) run through
d) showed off e) turned up
3) The Turkish athletes shovved/proved th e ir.............in the final round.
a) outset
b) crevvs
c) furies
d) avalanehes e) mettles
4) There was a great deal of fra u d .............by various members.
a) perpetated
b) tempted
c) abided by
d) run through e) turned up
5) Those shoes vvould.............your dress nicely.
a) make up
b) mateh
c) elaborate
d) turn out
e) toss out
6) i ieave you to take whatever aetion y o u .............suitable.
a) look after
b) lure
c) perpetrate
d) deem
e) elaborate
7) O u r.............took us to some very strange countries.
a) peregrinations b) outsets
c) avalanehes
d) mettles
e) furies
8 ) Would passengers please put out cigarettes b e fo re .............of the flight.
a) mettles
9)
10 )
11)
12)
b) personal savings
c) sanetions
d) peregrinations
e) commencemeni
A servant hurried t o .............him of his bags.

a) deem
b) lure
c) unburden
d) mateh
e) fling out
When the verdict was announced the prisoner, who had ............. sat siientiy
throughout the trail, started shoutting.
a) hitherto
b) perpetrate
c) peregrinate
d) deem
e) con fine
The minister said he was resigning but refused to ............. (on his reasons for
doing so)
a) undermine
b) elaborate
c) unburden
d) lure
e) run ihrough
She only bought that sports car t o ........................... and prove she could afford one,
a) show off
b) write dovvn
c) spark off
d) bring out
e) go through
Revision Test 1
Synonym almas
1) The Central Bank intervened in the currency markets today to try to stabilize the
exchange rate.
a) interfered
b) deemed
c) elaborated
d) grasped
e) pertained
2) The real test of her political mettle will come in the May eleetions.
a) drill
b) temper
c) irrigation
d) outset
e) resolution
3) Industry needs to compete effectively ver the jong ter m.
a) long running
b) share holder c) temper
d) drill
e) resolution
4) Many are doubtful that this technology will ever be commercially viable.
a) pervasive
b) alluring
c) pertinent
d) populous
e) privileged
5) They tempted him to join the company by offering him a large salary and a company car.
a) coped with
b) turned up
c) complied with d) deemed
e) lured
6) The President Brown has accused four cabinet ministers of vvorking secretly to
undermine his position.
a) subvert
b) deem
c) cope with
d) comply with e) turn up
2 04
7) n Turkey, halt of ali violent erime is perpettafed by people who have been drinking alcohol.
a) interiered
b) pertained
c) committed
d) copedwith
e) deemed
8)
D o y o u think hese wo colours mateh?
a) tally
bj perpetrate
c) pertain
d) lure
e) turn up
9) At the outset of the play there is a lot of confused violence.
a) unrest
b) immigrani
c) loan
d) commencement e) drll
10) His words to the press were deliberately eguiyocaj - he didnt deny the reports but
neither did he comfirm them.
a) ambiguous
b) pervasive
c) pertinent
d) alluring
e) privileged
Revision Test 1
Antonym almas
1) She tried to repajr their friendship by inviting him to dinner.
a) inlerlere
b) cope with
c) comply with
d) deem
e) turn up
2) t will be very inconvenient for rne to have to wait.
a) equivocal
b) notorious
c) populous
d) pertinent
e) appropriate
3) The new constitution wiil further strengthen the powers of the president.
a) deem
b) interfere
c) run through
d) abide by
e) undermine
4) Despite what seemed like inconvertible evidence, Mr. Davis maintained he had not
committed the fraud.
a) equivocal
b) pertinent
c) eminent
d) populous
e) impulsive
5) The government and the opposition parties have elashed ver the cuts in defence
spending.
a) run through b) interiered
c) undermined
d) deemed
e) matehed
6) Three staff simply can not cope w[th such a heavy work load.
a) abide by
b) comply vvith c) undermine
d) fail
e) mateh
7) Get to the end of the queue and wait your turn like everyone else.
a) outset
b) mettle
c) oak
d) unrest
e) diagnosis
8) Alhougb inasis mind was in a turmoij, he tried to calm for the sake of his children.
a) resulotion
b) crew
c) peace
d) persona! saving e) outset
9) His former colleagues have denounced him as a spy.
a) collapsed
b) sparked off
c) misled
d) turned up
e) extoled
10) The most pppujous areas of the city are now in the suburbs.
a) unprincipied b) misleading
c) uncrovvded
d) alluring
e) impulsive
Revision Test 1
Vocabulary almas 1
lucrative,
undermine
rnake up for,
elaborate,
whence,
look after,
tally,
intervene,
run through, turn up
kelime Ezberleten hrg.sul Szlk

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
205
I didn't feel l could ............. in a family dispuie.

t has been returned to the shop fr o m .............it came.
inasi has a .............business selling old cars.
Ali has a lot of mistakes t o ...............
Your plans d o n 't.............with mine.
What you have told rne of your plan sounds most interesting. Would you are to
.............on it?
C ritic is m .............his confidence.
Who w ill............................the baby while they are out?
Can y o u .............my s k ir t.............. for me?
I will ju s t ........................... this list of figures with you.
Revision Test 1
Vocabulary almas 2
step aside,
relinquished,
relied on/upon,
interventionist,
crew,
equi!ibrium,
forthcoming.
reimbursed,
consolidate
deemed
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
The aireraft has/carries a .............of seven.

He has decided t o ............................from the captaincy.
I have just received the information about th e .............meeting.
British vveather can never b e ........................................... it is always changing.
He h a s .............his claim to the throne.
The resignation of the president upset the countrys econom ic...............
The President has decided to concentrate on domestic policy and take a less
.............role in foreign affairs.
8) The a irlin e .............me for the amount they had overeharged me.
9) T h e y .............that he was no longer capable of managing his own affairs.
10) Her successful negotiations with the Turks helped her t o .............her position in
the cabinet.
Revision Tes 2
1) Aye spent a .............afternoon on the beach
a) pervasive
b) misleading
c) impulsive
d) assiduous
e) indolent
2) H e r.............and integrity are beyond question.
a) probity
b) legislation
c) erudite
d) dam
e) hurricane
3) She was com pleteiy.............his critical remarks.
a) underrated
b) bewildered
c) acquitted
d) curbed
e) interpreted
4) Only one of the accused was convicted of murder, the rest w e re .............
a) elucidated
b) curbed
c) plagued
d) acquitted
e) interpreted
5) D o n 't.............him; he is an extremely shrevvd and able politician.
a) acquit
b) bevvilder
c) underrate
d) collapse
e) subsidize
6) That didnt look like an accident to me; it lo o k e d .............
a) intentional
b) assiduous
c) repulsive
d) indolent
e) impulsive
06
7) He has some q u ite .............habits.
a) assiduous
8)
b) indolent
c) pervasive
d) deliberate
e) repulsive
The dictator died and his military governm ent.............

a) perplexed
b) collapsed
c) plagued
d) curbed
e) laken on
9) James Levine is a n .............conductor.

a) exceptional
10)
b) impulsive
c) overhelming
d) repulsive
e) exhausting
d) denounces
e) subsidizes
His d is a b ility .............him from vvalking.

a) collapes
b) elucidates
c) prevens
11)
A .............is a storm in which there is a violent destructive wind, usually blovving

at ver 120 miies an hour.
12)
Whatever h is .............as a husband, i think Ali was a good father to his children.
a) dam
a) subtances
b) legislation
b) essences
c) hurricane
d) erudite
c) cores
e) essence
d) avalanches
e) shortcomings
Revision Test 2
Synonym almas
1 ) Stories about the fail of the government sparked off much of the selling of shares.
a) brought about b) took on
2)
c) expired
d) turned out
e) brought out
Despite strenuous efforts to revieve him, he was dead before the ambulance
arrived.
a) misleading
b) assiduous
c) impulsive
d) ineradicable
e) spacious
3) No one doubted that the former PM was a man of the highest intregrity.
a) sea fright
b) plague
c) competition
d) renevval
4) A jury should not interpret the silence of a defendant as a sign

a) expire
b) lake on
c) comment on
d) spark off
e) probity
of
guilt.
e) bring about
5) t was a complex issue, in no way elucidated by Haydars little speech.

a) brought about b) sparked
6)
c) brought out
d) took on
e) clarified
His parents had to ub|dj?e him throughout his time at university.

a) inierpret
b) finance
c) elucidate
d) spark off
e) expound
7) The minister was impeached for wrongful use of State money.

a) condemned
b) acguitted
8) I think his books are oyerrated.

a) pertained
b) acquainted
c) acguainted
c) censured
d) elucidated
e) plagued
d) exaggeraied
e) underrated
d) spacious
e) ineradicable
9) Dont be so impulsive - think before you act.

a) awkward
b) strenuous
c) assiduous
10) Aye was vvearing a most alluring dress at A dils garden party.
a) ineradicable
b) assiduous
c) strenuous
d) impulsive
e) fetching
207
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szl
Revision Test 2
Antonym almas
1) The managers complained that the vvorkers were indolent and unreliable.
a) impulsive
b) pervasive
c) alluring
d) exhausting
e) assiduous
2) t is not the first time that the paper has been in trouble for printing untruths about
peoples private lives.
a) probity
b) era
c) sea frieght
d) hurricane
e) subsiance
3) His sudden change of rnind has bevvildered us ali.

a) turned out
b) taken on
c) plagued
d) subsidized
e) elucidated
4) Five months ago George was acquitted on a shoplifting charge.

a) pertained
b) offended
c) denounced
d) clarified
e) subsidized
5) The company has consistently underrated the importance of a well-trained workforce.

a) commented onb) overemphasized
c) bevvildered d) turned out
e) collapsed
6) From her slow, deliberate speech I guessed she must be drunk.

a) exhausting
b) alluring
c) indolent
d) hasty
e)pervasiv
c) ungainiy
d) assiduous
7) What a repulsive old man!

a) overhelming
b) alluring
e) impulsive
8) Lots of people lost their jobs when the property market collapsed.
a) bevvildered
b) overemphasized
c) denounced d) elucidated
e) recovered
9) Last night's performance was outstanding.

a) exceptional
10)
b) eminent
c) insignificant
d) assiduous
e) indolent
d) plague
e) bevvilder
The government should act to curb tax evasion.

a) help
b) puzzle
c) denounce
Revision Test 2
Vocabulary almas 1
deliberate,
probity,
perplex,
acuitted,
collapsed,
prevented,
lazy,
underrate,
honesty,
exceptional
1) Get out of bed y o u .............th in g ........you can't lie there ali day!.
2) My m o th e r's .............and integrity are beyond question
3) I must teli you in ali ............. that there is iittle chance of the seheme being
approved.
4) The disease, vvhich affects young children of both sexes, has continued to
.............doctors and public health vvorkers.
5) He w a s .............on the charge of murder but convicted of manslaughter.
6) t vvould be hazardous t o .............his ability.
1) The car cra-.h vvasnt an accident; it w a s .............a attempt to kili tim.
8) The new com pany.............in its first year of trading.
9) The firemen shovved.............bravery.
10) Unless we get more funding we wi!l be ............from finishing our experimental
programme.
208
Revision Test 2
Vocabulary almas 2
nonchalance,
non profit-making,
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
overall,
plauging,
competition,
short comings,
monopolized,
eminent,
eminenly,
overrode
Inspite of ali h e r.............I stili think she is one of the best teachers in the school.
Ali has been.............me with his siily questions ali dayl.
There was intense / keen / fie rc e .............between the journalists to get the story.
The company eventually.............the entire cigarette industry.
Even the m o s t.............doctors could not cure him.
Your decision w a s .............fair / sensible.
M y .............impression of his work is good.
H e .............their objections.
This charity is a .............organization
She received the first prize with an air o f .............
Revision Test 1, 2
Word formation almas
1) Repeated.............on the currency markets have iailed to prevent the value of the
currency failling. (intervene).
2) The whole of this region seems to be in the grip of nationaiist and e th n ic .............
. (rest)
3) I have always been convinced that the judgement of most film critics i s ...............
(sound)
4) Human rights activists have accused the countrys government of a systematic
.............of violence against minority groups. (perpetrate).
5) She left us with the .............impression that we had been speaking to a future
leader. (eradicate)
6) The news filled him w ith .............delight. (express)
7) These lads seemed proud of their citys .............reputation as the Capital of bad
manners. (fame)
8) L o c a l.............projects could revitalise the area. (irrigate)
9) The young composer has an ............. talent for catchy melodies. (err)
10) Kerem was totally ............................you never really knew what he vvould be like
from one day to the next. (predict)
11) Tanju has an intellectual ca p a city.............in the rest of the group. (match)
12) After last nights heavy frosts the course was this morning declared.............. (play)
13) When Arnold Schoenberg completed his Violin Concerto, in California in 1936, it
was declared............... (play)
14) The extreme cold vveather caught th e m ............... (prepare)
15) Fossil fuels like oil and coal will run out of one day, but wind and wave power are
............(exhaust)
16) I vvill have to cook them a meal or they will think l'm ............... (hospitable)
17) The book deals with th e .............of television in our culture. (pervade)

18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
209
His father was an authoritarian, a rather ............. man of whom both sons were
afraid. (approach)
The .............question is how long this war is going to last. (answer)
The motion was carried ............... (unanimous)
Mesut is thirty - two, heis gorgeous, he has got his own house and, what is more,
he is ...............(attach)
His evening was rather spoiled by th e .............arrival of his ex-wife. (announce)
Teresa Berganza sang the first three verses with a piano and the last verse
................(accompany)
For some
.............. reason zkan keeps his vvallei in his undervvear drawer.
(account)
Revision Test 3
1) T h e y .............at the idea of working on Sunday.
a) entrenched
b) revoked
c) repealed
d) inspired
e) demurred
c) animated
d) offended
e) took on
2) S h e .............to be punished.
a) deserved
b) repealed
3) I hope you wont b e ............. if I dont finish this cake.

a) nominated
b) pursued
c) offended
d) turned out
e) broughi out
4) I hope you wont ................... ........if I ask you not to smoke.

a) take offence
b) deserved
c) deterred
d) deferred
e) animated
5) We need severe punishments t o .............peopie from dealing in drugs.

a) demur
b) deter
c) animate
d) revoke
e) inspire
6) Relations betvveen the superpovvers h a ve .............sharply in recent weeks.

a) demurred
b) deterred
c) taken offense
d) turned out
e) deteriorated
7) You are ju s t .............yourseif if you think Ali stili loves you.

a) demurring
b) deferred
c) deterring
d) deluding
e) deserving
8) An outside adviser has been brought in t o .............the dispute between the management and the union.
a) arbitrate
b) repeal
c) entrench
d) demur
e) iake offence
d) exhausting
e) iaciful
c) entrenched
d) deierred
e) deferred
c) revoke
d) iake offence
e) animate
9) t was v e ry .............of you to leave when you did.

a) ineradicable
10)
a) deluded
11)
b) repulsive
c) impuisive
He has com pletely.............in his political vievvs.

b) eluded
He m a y ........... my diploma.
a) eluded
b) enfrench
12) The Labour Party said that they w o u ld .............the whole Act nce they got into
power.
a) arbitrate
b) repeal
c)demur
d) elude
deiude
13)
T h e .............of the trip to Venice going to the top of the Tower of Pisa.
14)
The system of racial ............. that used to exist in South Africa was called
apartheid.
15)
They heard appalling stories o f .............against vvomen.
a) higlight
a) legislation
b) virtue
b) substance
a) discrimination b) legislation
c) segregation
c) segregation
c) oppinion poll
d) mob
d) revaluation
d) confrere
e) shortcoming
e) erudite
e) gender
Revision Test 3
Synonym almas
1) The lawyer requested a break in the court case, but the judge demurred.
a) turned down b) ofiended
c) deserved
d) took on
e) privileged
2) The charity deserves better support than it is currently receiving.
a) ofiend
b) merits
cj turns dovvn
d) turns out
e) expires
3) She gave him a demure smile.
a) wanton
b) vvidespread c) modest
d) ieisure
e) overhelming
4) I think she was a bit oftended that she hadnt been invited to the party.
a) took oftense at b)
turned dovvn
c) turned out
d) took on e) merited
5) My bank has agreed to defer the repayments on my loan vvhile lm stili a student.
a) deter
b) encourage
c) merit
d) privilege
e) delay
6) These measures are designed to deter an enemy attack.
a) dissuade
b) encourage
c) merit
d) privilege
e) iake rtence at
7) A sparkle in his eyes animated his face whenever he smiled.
a) nominaed
b) entrenched
c) enlivened
d) revoked
e) scorned
8) The guerillas have entrenched themselves in the mountains.
a) enlivened
b) fortified
c) inspired
d) nominated e) revoked
9) The military government has revoked its permission for them to enter the country
a) abrogated
b) enlivened
c) fortified
d) inspired
e) pursued
10) Even from within prison, his qualities of leadership inspired his follovvers.
a) exalted
b) fortified
c) revoked
d) pursued
e) abrogated
Revision Test 3
Antonym almas
1) Do you accept credit cards?
a) demur
b) offend
c) entrench
d) revoke
e) inspire
2) I need to reconsider the merits and demerits of the plan.
a) lewd
b) fault
c) inspire
d) deter
e) defer
3) He is being accused of making [ewd suggestive comments to a female emplyee.
a) incapable
b) obtainable
c) demure
d) spacious
e) vvorthvvile
4) The present didnt please her as much as I had expected.
a) entrench
b) offend
c) inspired
d) deter
e)defer
5) There is little doubt that poor medical treatment hatened her death.
a) deterred
b) deterred
c) inspired
d) abrogated
e) turned dovvn
6) We were encourged to learn foreign languages at school.
a) pursued
b) deterred
c) cheated
d) revoked
e) repealed
7) t depresses me knovving that I will probably stili be doing exactly the same job in
ten years' time.
a) overcomes
b) acquires
c) animates
d) repeals
e; abrogates
8) Another defeat in parliament would seriously vveaken the presidents ability to govern.
a) merit
b) deserve
c) defer
d) deter
e) entrench
9) Cem said he would accept the motion, so we have asked him to confirm his acceptance in vvriting.
a) revoke
b) repeal
c) encourage
d) weaken
e) hasten
10) If you fail your driving test the first time, dont let it discourage you.
a) hearten
b) defer
c) deter
d) revoke
e) repeal
Kelime Ezberleten
K u rg u s a l
Szlk
Revision Test 3
Vocabulary almas 1
legislature.
nimble,
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
opponent,
lucrative,
expire,
expired,
harsh,
lunaic.
ludicrous.
whatsoever
There is no alternative, Ziya said in a .............voice.

I can honestly say that I have no in te re s t.............in the royal family.
The contract between the companies w il l ............. at the end of the year.
We regret to inform you that Mr. G eorge.............early this morning.
H is .............mind calculated the answer before I could key the numbers into my
Computer
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
n the third game h is .............hurt his arm and had to retire,

The merger proved to be v e ry .............for both companies.
You cant trust Kaya............he is a com plete.................
t w a s .............to think that they would agree to those proposals.
South C arolina's............ passed a law forbbiding new houses to be built on its
coast.
Revision Test 3
Vocabulary almas 2
opine,
revoke,
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
offended,
overrides
deteriorating,
deferred,
deter,
demurred,
entrenehing,
deluded
Meri likes to ............. about / on what she reads in the newspapers.

Every time I make a suggestion at work, M e s u t .............me i it.
She looked a b i t .............when you called her m iddle___ age
The ju d g e ............sentence pending further medical reports on the defendant.
The government is bringing in stricker laws t o .......... drunken drivers.
The countrys economy has b e e n .............for some time.
The solicitor requested a break in the court case, but the ju d g e .............
The government's main task to was prevent inflation form ............. itself.
The th ie ve s.............the old lady into thinking that they were telephone engineers.
He m a y .....my diploma.
Revision Test 3
Vocabulary almas 3
ritual,
diserimination,
segregation.
virtue,
legendary,
mob,
impulsive,
gender,
eluding,
overheard
212
1) The fox succeeded i n .............the huners by running back in the opposite direction.
2) The Restaurant i s ___for its fish. (= it serves famously good fish)
3) George's overdose was a n .............act.
4) They imprisoned more than eight thousand people for d e fy in g .............Iaws.
5) Fsun spoke out against ra c ia i.............
6) Patient is a .............
7) M eral.............a very funny conversation on the bus this morning.
8) The a n g ry .............outside the trail was / were ready to riot.
9) Discrimination on the basis of race...............age, or disabiliy is not allowed.
10) Dr. Aytolan is in the kitchen conducting her m o rn in g ..........................reading the
paper and sipping her black coffee.
Revision Test 4
1) She has had v e ry .............movernent in her legs since the accident.
a) limited
b) under privileged c) highly
d) conclusive
e) coherent
2) Our training requirements are the m o s t.............in the industry.
a) worthwhile
b) appropriate
c) conclusive
d) leisure
e) stringent
3) Ali of us will co n tin u e .............to meet the very highest standards.
a) vvrecking
b) drovvning
c) striving
d) shattering
e) running into
4) Anyone ca u g h t.............will be immediately disqualified from the exam.
a) drovvning
b) cheating
c) shattering
d) vvrecking
e) coming on
5) l tried to apologize, but I think l ............................it the vvrong way.
a) set about
b) placed at
c) carne up vvith
d) threvv out
e) made certain
6) Emine tried t o .............the conversation away from such precarious topics.
a) hrovv out
b) comply vvith
c) abide by
d) place at
e) steer
7) t will be more inexpensive.............to use real leather because it will last longer
a) in the long run b) in the short run c) era
d) decade
e) leisure
8) They seem to have n o .............plan for saving the company.
a) vvidespread
b) prevalent
c) coherent
d) appropriate
e) conclusive
9) His income can probably b e ............................S 5.000.000.000 a year.
a) placed at
b) set about
c) set out
d) set off
e) embarked on
10) I w ill............................that you get the job, I have influence vvith the director.
a) embark on
11)
b)throw out
c) make certain
d) place at
e) set about
For goodness sake, ansvver yes or no, but dont .............!
a) vvreck
b) drovvn
c) strive
d) steer
e) equivocate
12) Surprisingly, the m o s t.............opposition to the tax changes has come from the
people who will benefit most from them.
a) vvorthvvhile
b) strenuous
c) deceittul
d) eguivocal
e) ambguous
213
Revision Test 4
Synonym almas
1) Field Marshal E. Rommel has drawr up a perfect plan to defeat the eremy.
a) prepared
b) brought aboute) placed at
d) made certain e) complied vvih
2) yVidepread rioting in the area led to 25 deaths.
a) worthwhile
b) prevalent
c) long - term
d) leisure
e) ineradicable
3) The system is stili in its infaney (= very new).
a) outset
4)
b) vicious circle c) renown
d) adolescence e) outskirts
' t is just another symphony about the toys and sorrovvs of adolescence.
a) youth
b) reconcilation c) metile
d) outset
e) outskirts
5) Many researehers have striven for a greater understanding of the processes

whicl occur inside stars.
a) steered
b) set off
c) made certain
d) abided by
e) exerted
6) Dr. Glen successfully steered the company onto a new course.
a) piloted
b) placed at
c) exerted
d) strove
e) misled
7) t took hours of negotiations to bring about a reconciliation betvveen the two

sides.
a) outskirts
b) agreement
c) warfare
d) mettle
e) inspiration
8) Dr. H. Ba was alvvays excited to set off on a camping trip.
a) steer
b) exert
c) set about
d) set out
e) set by
9) The Russian athletes showed / proved their mettle in the final round.
a) adolescence b) infaney
10)
c) inspiration
d) outskirts
e) ability
d) fame
e) infaney
His renovyn spread aeross the country
a) leisure
b) shift
c) highlight
Revision Test 4
Antonym almas
1) Membership is restricted to (= t is only for) chief executive officers.
a) iong-term
b) stunning
c) infamous
d) worthwhile e) widespread
2) How long does it take for the chicks to grow to maturity?
a) ritual
b) virtue
c) aggression
d) adolescencee) gender
3) Employees knew from the outset that their jobs vvould finish this month.
a) commencement b) end
c) inauguration
d) adolescencee) gender
4) There was clear djsagreement (= difference) betvveen the results of the polis.
a) reconcilation
b) commencement c) adolescence
d) gender
e) aggression
5) zkan won great renovvn for being the first man on the moon.
a) commencement b) adolescence
c) bad reputatior d) virtue
e) ritual
6) I didnt actuajjy see h e r ..... ......I just heard her voice.
a) overhelmingly
b) uninterruptedly
c) inconclusively d)
invariably
e)appa
7) Some economists think that full employment in Turkey is an unattainable goal.
a) obtainable
b) appropriate
c) coherent
d) inconclusive e) overhelming
8) You will have to arrple opportunity to ask questions after the talk
a) capacious
b) spacious
c) small
d) worthwhile
e) inevitable
Kelime Ezberleten Ktn>usitl bbzlik
214
9)
10)
I know Ali was only trying to help, but he was inadvertently adding to our problems by phoning us up ali the time.
a) inattentively
b) unhesitatedly c) thoughlessly d) Inconclusively e) unnterruptedly
Yelda greeted me equivocally and asked if she was in the place.
a) ambiguously b) dubiously
c) irresolutely
d) undoubiedly
e) unavoidably
Revision Test 4
Vocabulary almas 1
drovvned,
wrecked,
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
shatered,
outskirts,
withdrawals,
adults,
appropriately,
approachable,
appropriate,
vvithin
The factory is in / on th e .............of New Delhi.

t wouldn't b e .............for me to comment.
Those children arert ............. dressed for this cold weather.
The new conductor is always v e ry .................... ......why don't you talk the problem
ver with him?
.............pay an admission charge but children get in free.
The bank became suspicious after several large ............. v/ere made from his
accourt in a single week.
We recomrnend that this wine should be consum ed.............six months.
The e xplosion .............nearby windows and wrecked four cars.
He has been warned that his behaviour m ig h t.............his chances of promotion
He feel in to the river a n d ..............
Revision Test 4
Vocabulary almas 2
upperhand, make no mistake abou it
mistrust,
worthwhile,
integrity,
insurmountable,
mismanage,
upwards monopolized.
misquote
1) mer to preserve h is ............ as an actor, he refused several lucrative Hollywood

offers.
2) The new government faces a lm o s t........... difficulties in its alttempt to nite its
country's people.
3) Meri had a long wait, but it w a s .............because she got the tickets.
4) t is not surprising the companys in d e b t............it has been completely
5) The PM complained that the nevvspapers h a d .............him / his speech.
6) Yeim keeps her money at home because she has a g re a t.............of ali the banks.
7) If we dont finish the job today they vvont pay u s ;.............
8) kr com pletely.............the conversation last night; inasi and ilhan couldnt
get a word in edgevvays!
9) Costs are m o vin g .............
10) After many hours fighting we began to gain / get th e ............
kelime Ezberleten Kur ra!
215
Revision Test 3. 4
Word formaion almas
1) I found her lying on the floor, drunk a n d ............... (sense)
2) Sadly, high levels of e co n o m ic............. tend to breed racial hatred and intolerance. (secure)
3) This cerlificate is an important, and should be k e p t...............(secure)
4) A n ............. socialisf, he is passionafely against ali forms of privatizations. (construct)
5) His speech earned h im .............criticism from the opposition parties. (restrain)
6) The paper's editr has adrnitted the accusaions vvere unfounded and apologized
.............to the senatr, (reserve)
7) N. Mandela will be remembered as an .............opponent of racial diserimination.
(relenf)
8) The polie visited the nightclub on two occassions after complaints o f .............by
nearby residents. (unruly)
9) There have been allegations that he approved ............. practices as direetor of the
now-defunct bank, (sound)
10) The nevo bridge is one of several said to be s tru c tu ra lly.............in some degree.
(sound)
11) Such a n .............political elimate inevitably discourages foreign investment. (settle)
12) Actors' reputations have been made a n d .............on this London stage. (make)
13) t is fairiy entertaining as films go but i would not deseribe it a s ...............(miss)
14) A n .............mission to the planet Mars is planned for next year. (man)
15) Of course there were one or tw o .............problems along the way but eventually
we got the project finished. (look)
16) Shots like this have earned Michael PLATN his reputation a s .............goal scorer. (err)
17) The u n io n 's .............rejeetion of the latest pay offer vvill almost certainly lead to
further strikes. (equivocal)
18) The contest was very ...........................the other team was far stronger than us.
(even)
Revision Test 5
1) She w a s .............as a laboratory assistant.
a) taken on
2)
b) taken orf
c) taken in
d) taken after
e) taken ver
d) Siyly
e) Desperately
............. you have heard the news?

a) Overly
b) Presumably
c) Unduly
3) She has been in bed with the flu and she is stili a b i t .............on her feet.
a) unsteady
b) prevailling
c) cripple
d) cusomary
e) combative
d) compromise
e) come to an end
4) Everyone vvhishes the war vvould.............soon.

a) look upon
b) come up with c) cripple
5) A heavy piece of machinery fell on him a n d .............him for life.

a) crippled
b) came up vvitr c) brought into erfect
d) took on e) obiained
216
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusu! Szlk
6) Scot died whiie he was on a n /a .............to the Antarctic in 1912.

a; preservation
b) expediion
c) legisaiion
d) provision
e) range
7) The polie have appointed a /a n .............officer to encourage liasion with the local
community.
a) liasion
b) intervention
c) basin
d) expedition
e) borough
8) Decisions about trade agreements are o fte n .............poiitical consideations.
a) come up vviih b) bounded up with c) taken on
d) crippled
e) taken in
9) The new government promised t o .............against cigarette advertising.
a) cripple
b) compromise
c) exploit
d) appeal
e) iegislate
10) We would now like to broaden/widen th e ............. of the enquiry and look at more
general matters.
a) provision
b) legislation
c) borough
d) expedition
e) scope
Revision Test 5
Synonym almas
1) Many people were injured in the vicious fighting that broke out betvveen the
demonstrators and the polie.
a) wicked
b) inexplorable c) constant
d) prevailling
e) innovative
2) I have had this constant headache ever since I vvoke up this moming.
a) inexplorable b) prevailling
c) innovative
d) wicked
e) invariable
3) We stayed in the best hotel in town.
a) borough
b) preservation c) provision
d) exploitation
e) detection
4) We want to preserve the character of the borough while improving the facilities.
a) detect
b) conserve
c) innovate
d) resolve
e) decide
5) She was an imaginative and innovative manager (=full of new ideas).
a) contemporary b) conservative c) unruly
d) unseasonable e) surplus
6) t is too early to asess the long-term consequences of the collapse of the Soviet
Union.
a) innovate
b) conserve
c) detec
d) resolve
e) appraise
7) We didnt really focus upon any specific area - we just talked generally about the
problem.
a) rear
b) ascribe
c) adjourn
d) envisage
e) concentrato
8) No one vvas seen in the vicinity at the time of the murder.
a) negbourhood b) conundrum
c) conviction
d) conversion
e) convention
9) They are using that hail to hold their party convention
a) conundrum
b) meeting
c) conviction
d) vicinity
e) borough
10) By ali means cali me if you need help.
a) of course
b) by no means c) by any means d) at any cost
e) at ali costs.
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Sbzlik
217
Revision I est 5
Antonym almas
D
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10 )
A car is a concrete object, but speed is not.

a) tangible
b) absract
c) convenieni
d) unruiy
e) unseasonable
The roorn must be kept at a unifojm temperature.
a) ever
b) regular
c) uneven
d) surplus
e) prevailing
We will have to look at the offer in the iight of prevailing circumstances.
a) unruiy
b) tangible
c) unmanned
d) rare
e) prevalen
There is stili no Valid evidence tlat supports your theory.
a) baseless
b) legal
c) official
d) real
e) lavvful
The vveather has completely vyrecked our plans.
a) devastated
b) built
c) adorned
d) inflieted
e) held back
Do it atjnce!
a) right away
b) later
c) unruiy
d)unearthly
e) desperately
Try not to mess up your new dress before the party.
e) mar
a) purge
b) pollute
c) soil
d) muck up
There was a palpable tension between the two groups.
e) unequivocal
a) lucid
b) unclear
c) rare
d) austere
His books are alvvays full of turgid prose.
e) plain
a) pompous
b) purfy
c) prevalent
d) rhetorical
I knew it vvould be tedious.
a) dull
b) dreary
c) vivacious
d) mischievous e) arid
Revision Test 5
Vocabulary almas
surreptitiously,
lucrative,
revivify,
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
scale,
revoked,
deadline
scope,
sum,
summit,
reservation,
hemispheres,
stood out
T h e .............of thirteen and eight is twenty-one.

A .............meeting of OPEC leaders was called to find a solution to the oil crisis.
S h e .............searehed through her husband's desk.
Ali accepted my advice vvithout...............
H is .............of values is different from mine.
lm afraid that problem is beyond / ouside th e ............. of my lecture.
She has a ............. business selling leather goods.
t would need a leader with real charisma t o ............. the political party.
He had his lice n ce ...............
lm afraid you have missed th e ............. , so your application can not be considered.
11) The main part of the brain is divided into the left and rihgt cerebal hemispheres.
12) We had lots of good applicants for the job, but o n e .............from ( = was much
better than) the rest.
IS
Revision Test 5
Word Formation almas
1) The last few years have seen th e .............of many industries previously owend by
the State, (privatize)
2) Nobody can b e .............blame. (exclude)
3) Volunteers will receive information about architecture and h is to ric ....... ....... (preserve)
4) The government faces a lm o s t.............difflculties in its attempt to nite its countrys people. (surmount)
5) Too little exercise isnt the only cause of heart disease but it's certainly a .............
factor. (contribute)
6) The member nations voted on th e .............banning whaling. (resolve)
7) None of us have any d o u b ts .............your ability to do the work. (regard)
8) The drug is ............. in the body for up to three days after it has been taken.
(detect)
9) The government has a n .............econonic policy and is determined to cut unemployment by 50%. (intervene)
10) lm afraid the members wont find ali these changes v e ry ...............(palate)
11) Technology can enhance o u r .............of fossil fuels. (exploit)
12) What is y o u r.............of her chances of winning? (assess)
13) The European Parliament will have g re a te r.............povvers. (legislate)
14) A T exas.............has proposed stricter sentences for drug offenders. (legislate)
15) The ............. of her poems means that sfe is able to reach a wide audience.
(access)
16) What she is saying i s .............true. (substantial)
17) Their business plans were ruined by th e .............of inflation. (ravage)
18) Will you confirm y o u r.............in writing by Friday, please? (reserve)
19) They accepted the p la n ...............(reserve)
20) She has taken a /a n .............dislike to me. (conceal)
21) The laws and decrees of the State had to be obeyed. (condition)
22) Drug smugglers constantly use th e ir .............to find new ways of getting drugs
into a country. (ingenious)
23) The book has s o ld .............large number of copies. (conceive)
24) We were baffled by th e .............of the message. (comprehend)
25) S h e .............in local politics during the 70s. (come)
Revision Test 6
1) The countrys coffee crop w a s .............by the floods.
a) svvayed
b) taken on
c) assigned
d) reared
e) devastated
2) George has adopted a n d .............two children.
a) reared
b) recalled
c) flared up
d) svvayed
e) denounced
3) The ............. of our trip to New York was going to the top of the Empire State
Building.
a) fusion
b) highlight
c) scarcity
d) fare
e) disorder
219
4) The company has b e e n .............pressure on me to get another qualification

a) sv/aying
b) rearina
c) rlaring up
d) denouncing
e) exeriing
5) ............., I think we should accept their offer.
a) Lengthily
b) Pertinenily
c) Prorusely
d) Publicly
e) Concisely
6) The minisler made a .............defence of the governments policies.
a) profuse
b) modest
c) infrequent
d) vigorous
e) gloomy
7) S h e .............wanted a child.
a) moderalely
b) pertinently
c) lengthily
d) profusely
e) desperately
8) The design has be e n .............to improve fuel consumption.
a) modified
b) extinguished c) scattered
d) swayed
e) devoted
9) This dictionary is first a n d .............a learning tool.
a) moderate
b) foremost
c) vigorous
d) gloomy
e) infreguent
10) A n ........... majority have voted in favour of the proposal.
a) susceptible
b) overvvheiming c) vigorous
d) gloomy
e) cosly
Revision Test 6
Synonym almas
1) t worTt be easy, but vvell get across the river somehovv.
a) someway
b) unrecognizably c) susceptibly d) obligingly
e) tactfully
2) We have assigned Chris to the advertising campaign.
a) set up
b) caught up with c) appointed d) receded
e) irnposed
3) He recaljed that he had sent a letter ver a month ago.
a) receded
b) looked back
c) irnposed
d) set up
e) got away
4) Thanks tor the offer but I vvont stay the night - I dont want to impose on you.
a) exploit
b) get avvay
c) look back
d) recede
e) assign
5) Nothing could extinquish his love tor her.
a) suppress
b) compromise
c) impose
d) make sacrificee) exploit
6) Increasing number of people in hig-powered jobs are suffering form fatigue and
stress-related illnesses.
a) fare
b) clumsiness
c) residence
d) disorder
e) tiredness
7) She is one of the foremost experts on child psychology.
a) vigorous
b) supreme
c) decent
d) permaneni
e) cautious
8) The two presidents have had candid talks about the current crisis.
a) honest
b) irresistible
c) supreme
d) vigorous
e) cautious
9) She felt an overvvhelming urge/desire to teli someone about what had happened.
a) inestimable b) irresistible
c) supreme
d) vigorous
e) cautious
10) The factory is gearing up for increased production with nevv machines.
a) preparing
b) svvaying
c) devastating d) assigning
e) exploiting
220
Revision Test 6
ntonym almas
1) She asserted her right to speak in her own defence.
a) denied
b) installed
c) ascended
d) compromised e) invaded
2) I shall list my objections to ihe plan in ascending order of importance.
a) inceasing
b) d\vindling
c) compromising d) installing
e) invading
3) They tried to intimidate her into doing what they wanted.
a) frighten
b) encourage
c) get at
d) dvvindle
e) assert
4) He studied very hard in school so that he could get ahead in his studies.
a) get at
b) give away
c) take up
d) retrogress
e) dwindle
5) A childs development can be curbed by poor nutrition.
a) fostered
b) got at
c) taken up
d) dvvindled
e) asserted
6) He cant evade doing his military service forever.
a) set about
b) intimidate
c) give away
d) elude
e) face
7) The military backed government severely curtaiied trade union rights, freedom of
speech and public spending.
a) lengthened
b) undervvent
c) set about
d) condemned e) intimidated
8) The children took up the song when the singer asked them to join in.
a) undervvent
b) differentiated c) took ver
d) stopped
e) got ahead
9) The peace talks have been suspended indefinitely.
a) invaded
b) continued
c) differentiated
d) eluded
e) incurred
10) The production of the play has incurred the anger of both audiences and the eritics.
a) exposed
b) avoided
c) suspended
d) compromised e) set about
Revision Test 6
Vocabulary almas 1
consolidate,
whereby,
surplus,
invade,
fictitious,
revoke,
hold back,
dwell on,
landslide,
landmarks
1) The v/orkers built banks of earth t o ............. the rising of the flood waters.
2) t is no u s e .............the past.
3) n our report we have u s e d ............. names for the people concerned in the incident, in order to protect them.
4) His successful negotiations with the Americans help him t o .............his position
in the government.
5) The government has authorized the army to seli i t s .............vveapons.
6) The government h a s .............its permission for them to enter the country.
7) We need to devise some ort of syste m .............people can iiaise with each other.
8) Hundreds of squatters have ............. waste land in the hope that they wil! be
allovved stay.
9) His popularity has fallen dramatically since he won a .............victory last year.
10) I couldnt pick up a n y ............ in the dark and completely lost.
Revision Test 6
Vocabulary almas 2
deprived,
prejudiced,
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
nderestimate,
mould,
unduly,
Shareholders,
invoke,
Share,
crippled.
solidly
Our attempts to help these people find jobs have been..............

Polie can............ the law of irespass to regulate access to these places.
He asserted that he had been............of his freedom,
He didnt seem............ concerned about his vvifes health.
You shouldnt ............ the difficulties of getting ali the political parties to the conference table.
His unhappy childhood has............him against having children.
............ vvill be voting on the proposed merger of the companies next week.
............prices showed little change today.
You can not............ the character of a cat.
My colleagues are........... behind me on the critic issue.
Revision Test 6
Word Formation almas
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
She has never behaved very..............(depend)

Oscar Wilde was a vvriter famous in his day for his............ wit. (devastate)
We are a li............ grateful for your help and encouragenent. (profound)
Unemployment has been............estimated at 70%. (officiate)
i find raw fish completely..............(palate)
The smell was............ irresistible. (utter)
Why b e ............ about that old coat? (sentiment)
He told them............ to leave him in peace. (oblige)
Her sudden ............ from the championship caused a lot of press speculation
about her health. (withdraw)
Following her husbands death, she became quiet and ............and rarely went
out. (withdraw)
............use of the drug is known to have harmful side-effects. (prolong)
The compnay............ apologized and agreed to contribute some money to charity. (public)
The............of coal from these deep mines is expensive. (extract)
Each part of the organization operates............of the others. (independent)
She was arrested for behaving............ at a cricket match. (decent)
Technology has had an ............impact on society. (reserve)
if you take this drug ver a long period, it can lead to memory loss, confusion,
............and even depression. (irritate)
The ship has been............ damaged. (repair)
They agreed that he acted..............(response)
The talks have become............with both sides refusing to compromise any further. (reconcile)
2?2
Kelime Ezberleteli Kurgusu! Siizliik
21) His argument is virtually..............(refute)

22) The evidence is ..............(deiy)
23) These forgeries are so good that they are more or less............from the originals.
(distinguish)
Revision Test 7
1) She has............ a brilliant seheme to double her income.
a) come up with
b) suspended c) put out
d) fallen off
e) tackled
2) The new conductor is a very............musician.
a) philanthropic
b) gifted
c) unsuspected d) insane
e) dotty
3) He has a ............ seheme to marry a wealthy widow.
a) discernible
b) sophisticated c) gifted
d) under privileged e) mercenary
4) The prisoners good behaviour will b e ............ wher the length of his imprisonment is being decided.
a) taken into account b) laken down c) put out
d) come up vvith e) fallen off
5) If our industries shy away from............ , we will never compete successfully vvith
other countries.
a) asset
b) sanetion
c) innovation d) pension
e) flair
6) The new spokesman has a great............ for public sepaking.
a) flair
b) pension
c) sanetion
d) asset
e) obesity
7) Trade/economic............ will only be lifted when the aggressor nation withdraws
its troops.
a) asset
b) flair
c) irritation
d) boay
e) sanetions
8) He gave a ............ vvarning about the likelihood of there being an earthquake.
a) obnoxious
b) subversive c) dire
d) articulate
e) devout
9) He has some............ manners, bu he is reliable.
a) prosperous
b) articulate
c) gifted
d) philanthropic e) obnoxious
10) Such memories exist only on / at the........... level.
a) obnoxious
b) subversive
c) philanthropic d) subconscicus e) gifted
Revision Test 7
Synonym almas
1) The new charges will come into effect next April.
a) get out of fand b) put out c) fail off
d) run through e) come into force
2) Both sides in the conflict have agreed temporarily to suspend hostilities.
a) shelve
b) detect c) adopt
d) apply
e) resume
3) The difficult elass got out of hand when an inexperienced teacher was put in
charge.
a) run through
b) put out
c) got out of control d) come into force e) fell off
4) I was somevvhat put out when the audience laughed loudly.
a) irritated
b) implemented c) indulged
d) resumed
e) shelved
5) Although there was hardly any food, our troops resisted for a week.
a) rounded up
b) held out
c) broke up
d) fell off
e) resumed

6) He speaks fluent Chinese.
a) dire
b) subversive
c) gied
d) articuiae
e) unsouna
7) VVth discovery of new historical sites, tourist business in our town is bpoming.
a) thriving
b) suspending
c) enrolling
d) putting out e) running through
8) These people are in dire need of Help,
a) subversive b) terrible
c) prosperous d) devout
e) gied
9) The fasfion industry is always desperate to innovate.
a) asset
b) change
c) shelve
d) body
e) fiair
10) He stopped to take a sip of water and then resumed speaking.
a) put out
b) got out of control c) run through d) renevved
e) held out
Revision Test 7
Antonym almas
D I have told you a million times not to exaqqerate.
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10 )
a) magnify
b) infiale
c) understate d) oppress
e) subdue
The dog was rescued from the river by two piucky kids.
a) brave
b) valiant
c) fearless
d) covvardly
e) unheaiihy
They eat a lot of unhealthy food.
a) morbid
b) healthy
c) valiant
d) covvardly
e) terrific
His latest song is terrific.
a) ordinary
b) tremendous c) intense
d) valiant
e) covvardly
We were foolish to buy such an expensive house.
a) inane
b) ordinary
c) covvardly d) brave
e) sensible
Having missing the last bus we had to set off walking.
a) oppress
b) revivify
c) set out
d) arrive
e) set fourh
Dont vvorry about me l can look after myself.
a) mind
b) set out
c) oppress d) keep an eye on e) neglect
Don't mention her hairstyle. Shell probably take rtence.
a) offend
b) insult
c) set out
d) piease
e) keep an eye on
I hate and despjse that kind of cruel behaviour.
a) respect
b) scorn
c) disdain
d) offend
e) keep an eye on
Good teachers should ask questions that stimujate the children to think.
a) animate
b) depress
c) enliven
d) activaie
e) set out
Revision Test 7
Vocabulary almas
assets,
resume,
resurreetion.
cheerfully,
comes up,
retaliated,
afforded.
aftermath,
prove,
aff licted
1) Let u s ............ where we left off.

2) VVhen they refused to allovv our exports into their country, w e ............by putting
a tax on goods from their country.
3) The plan has now been dropped, with little hope of
of the recession.
4) Large numbers of businesses went bankrupt in the
224
5) Her s e a t.............her an uninterrupted view of the stage.

6) He i s .............with severe rheumatism.
7) Do you think the new manager w ill............ more amenable to our proposals?
8) We capitalized ( = sold) our............to avoid bankruptcy,
9) She walked down the road, whistling..............
10) Let me know if anything interesting.............
Revision Test 7
1) The............of fighting is to take effect at 6 am on Monday. (suspend)
2) Refine giri are often drawn t o ............ men. (refine)
3) There has been no ............ change in the patients condition for several days.
(detect)
4) He is a skilful writer, but not a n ............... (innovate)
5) He works slovvly and............ vvhereas I tend to rush things and make mistakes.
(precise)
6) Fashions change quite..............(predict)
7) The boys till spoke both ianguages a s ............ as ever, (fluent)
8) These methods have been............tested ver many years. (rigorous)
9) Even............children fail to progress vvithout good teaching. (gift)
10) Modern vveapons have an extremely high............force. (destroy)
11) The old school was bought and............ turned into a hotel. (subsequent)
12) He has very............neighbours. (oblige)
13) The car has been vvorking............since Ali repaired it. (superb)
14) The government h as.............control of the Capital frorr lebel forces. (gain)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
Her ability is ............, but lm not so sure about her experience. (question)
The............question is how long this war is going to last. (answer)
For some............reason they built the toilet next to the kitchen. (fathom)
The charity raises money for holidays for the..............(privilege)
He won a ............to study at Eton. (sholar)
it is an institution to vvhich young............are sent instead of prison. (offend)
Shes ............of being on her own in the house at night. (pertify)
He vvas vvearing a rather............pink and yellovv shirt. (taste)
The vveakness of the opposition has allovved the present government eigft
.............years in Office, (interrupt)
24. One of the good things about Ali is that you can alvvays rely on his............enthusiasm. (fail)
Kelime
E zb e rle te n
Kurgusal Szlk
Revision Test 8
Find the right worcJ almas
1) Thousands of new businesses h a v e .............in the past couple of years.
a) sprung up
b) set free
c) set by
d) banned
e) averred
2) M y ....... .....would never allovv me to wear a fur coat.
a) dilemma
b) deterioration
c) muiineer
d) relief
e) conscience
3) There is n o .............reason why this should be the case.
a) predominant
b) discernible
c) benevolent
d) philanthropic e) precipitous
4) Property shares h a ve .............rapidly.
a) set free
b) set by
c) depreciated d) resumed
e) vvresiled
5) Smoking i s .............in this restaurant.
a) sprung up
b) utiiized
c) wrestled
d) banned
e) depreciated
6) The fa c t.............that she was older than she clairned.
a) banned
b) utiiized
c) depreciated d) vvrestled
e) emerged
7) Many p eople .............the suns energy to make electricity for their homes.
a) utilize
b) ban
c) depreciate
d) emerge
e) aver
8) .............readers understood the book's hidden meaning.
a) Fierce
b) Conscientious
c) Benevolent
d) Precipitous e) Sophisiicated
9) Large numbers of businesses went bankrupt in th e .............of the recession.
a) immunizaiion b) phase
10)
c) conscience d) aftermath
e) utilization
We a re ........... a new project later this year.
a) depreciating
b) embarking upon
c) banning
e) averring
e) embroidering
Revision Test 8
Synonym almas
1) Dont yeli at me like that!
a) shout
b) explore
c) prejude
d) explore
e) yield
2) I had privilege of interviewing Picasso in the 1960 s.

a) relief
b) exemption
c) exploration
d) philanthropy e) troop
3) He was a benevolent old man, he wouldnt hurt a fly.

a) mercenary
b) notable
c) predominant
d) stringent
e) philanthropic
d) slyly
e) jointly
4) t will be a mutually beneficial project.

a) retrogressively b) overwhelmingly c) respectively
5) Getting both sides to agree was a notable achievement.

a) remarkable
b) stringent
c) mercenary
d) barren
e) philanthropic
6) A quilty concience was preventing her from sleeping at night.

a) relief
b) exemption
c) moral sense
d) orbit
e) mutineer
7) Have you ascertained vvhether shes coming or not?

a) yeiled
b) offended
c) explored
d) found out
e) ascended
8) Fish struggle for survival when the water level drops in the lake,
a) vvrestle
b) yeli
c) yield
d) find out
e) ascended
d) banned
e) emerged
9) The lavvyer averred her clients innocence.

a) yeiled
10)
b) asserted
c) found out
She was banned from driving for two years.

a) yeiled
b) averred
c) vvrestled
d) aggravated e) forbidden
Kelime biberleten Kurgusal Szlk
Revision Test 8
ntonym almas
1) t was, in the vvords of the judge, a malevolent act which must be severely punished.
a) impractical
b) predominant
c) reekless
d) notable
e) philanhropic
2) t was most generous of you to lend me the money.

a) liberal
b) mercenary
c) discernible
d) reekless
e) barren
3) Opposition to the new plan has sprung up in some political groups.

a) revolved
b) embarked
c) disappeared
d) chartered
e) possessed
4) The political situation in the region has detengrated markedly/steadily.

a) ascertained
b) improved
c) averred
d) applied
e) embarked
5) There is stili no discernible improvement in the economic situation.

a) precipitous
b) reekless
c) liberal
d) philanthropic
e) imperceptible
6) The PM is clearly in a dilemma ver how to tackle the crisis.

a) conscience
b) orbit
c) ease
d) phase
e) temperament
7) He was found guilty of reekless driving and fined $ 1000, and disquaiified from driving for three months.
a) careful
b) precipitous
c) discernible
d) mercenary
e) liberal
8) The company has suffered from a precipitous decline in orders.

a) steep
b) gradual
c) mercenary
d) malevolent
e) reekless
9) I know you dont like Helen, but there is no need to make it so obvious (to everyone).
a) conspicuous
10)
b) glaring
c) concealed
d) steep
e) precipitous
The new machine is extremely intricate and very difficult to repair.

a) sophisticated
b) primiiive
c) steep
d) malevolent
e) precipitous
Revision Test 8
Vocabulary almas 1
embarking on,
benevolent,
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
immunized,
aftermath,
privilege,
adverse,
steep,
notified,
resumed.
augments
t would be a .............to be taught by suci a famous pianist.

We are fortunate enough to live under a .............government.
The government is ............. a new educational programme.
H e .............his income by teaching in the evenings.
There has been a ...... ...... inerease in prices.
Children are ro u tin e ly.............against polio.
Many more people died in th e .............of the explosion.
They received a lot o f .............criticism/ publicity about the changes.
Normal service will b e ........... as soon as possible.
Has everyone be e n ............ of the decision?
Revision Test 8
Vocabulary almas 2
glaring,
dilemma,
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
enterprises,
figures.
rounded up,
ceased,
temperament,
possessed,
sophisicated.
akin
The degree to vvhich different people cope with stress depends on th e ir.............
The report is full o f .............mistakes.
The company h a s ............. trading in this part of the world.
Their offer has put me in a bit of a .............
n the autumn, the sheep have to b e ............ and counted
The company is one of the la rg e s t............. of its kind.
He was one of the leading p o litic a i............ of century.
The fashion magazines show what the ............. woman is wearing this year.
The poiice asked me if I .............a gun.
His position in the Soviet System is ro u g fly ............ to that of the US President's
public relations adviser.
Revision Test 8
1) There has been a continuing .............in the relations between the two countries.
(deteriorate)
2) You must give the bank a w ritte n .............if you wish to elose your account. (notify)
3) She is an excellent student-bright, attentive a n d ...............(conscierce)
4) S ensibie.............of the w orlds resources must be given priority, (utiiize)
5) Public opinion seems to b e .............in favour of holding a referendum. (predominate)
6) The price of shares in the company d ro p p e d .............wiih the news of poor sales
figures. (precipitous)
7) Ali i s .............taiented. (common)
8) f the red flag goes dovvn you m u s t...............(cease)
9) Animals and plants a re .............evolving. (perpetuate)
10) For so m e .............reason she wants to marry him. (discern)
11) f you really want the promotion, you wili have to be m o re ...............(assert)
12) l'm sorry lm late; I w a s .............detained. (avoid)
13) A n .............idea is attractive because it is elever but simple. (elegance)
14) .............of the leaf allows us to see it in detail. (magnify)
15) l a m .............sure that this is the right address. (fair)
16) International measures have been taken to prevent the ............. of the whale,
(exterminate)
17) They left the country out of fear o f .............(persecute)
18) The ............. of large amounts of money does not ensure your success vvith
vvomen, but it may help. (possess)
19) Silk clothes are s o .............because you can't put them in the washing machine.
(practice)
228
Kelime Ezberleten Kurgv.ul Szlk
20) Bob Dylan has a n .............talent for writing catchy melodies. (err)
21) The minister maintained what the coal -m ines w e re .............and would have to be
elosed. (economize)
22) There is so m e .............ver what the PM will say when he addresses the conference next week. (ease)
23) She i s .............cheerful no matter what the circumstances. (fail)
24) Due t o ............. circumstances the cost of the improvements has risen by twenty
per ent, (foresee)
25) A great number of people.............carry the AIDS virs. (know)
Cevap Anahtarlar
229
1) C
6) C
2) B
7) B
3) A
8) A
4) D
9) B
5) A
10) C
Synorym alm as (50-525)
1 )C
6) A
2) A
7) B
'3 ) B
8) C
4) C
9) A
5) E
10) D
A n io n y m a lm as (501-525)
1) B
6) D
2) E
7) B
3) A
8) E
4) E
9) A
5) A
10) C
V o ca b u la ry alm as (501-525)
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
highly
dizzied
define
intrusive
cursed
2) terrific
4) rallied
6) lure
8) set aside
10) fancy
oppression
2) oppresively
dizzing (= confusing)
definable
5) definition
meekly
7) terrificially
oversatement 9)
alluring
steer clear of (= keep away from)

3) E
4) B
5) A
1 )C
2 )A
6) E
7) B
8) C
9) D
10) A

5) A
1) E
2 )A
3) B
4) C
6) B
7) C
8) D
9) A
10) E
1) B
6) A
2 )A
7) E
3) D
8) C
4) E
9) B
5) B
10) A
V o cabu lary alm as (526-550)
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
mismanageaI 2) overcharge
set out
4) keep an eye on
offends
6) despise
invigorate
8) privilege
10) match
take up
vvithstand
12) interplay
forth with
14) enduring
constructive
W ord fo rm a tio n alm as
1)
3)
4)
6)
8)
10)
2)
disobeyed
underpriveleged
5)
matchless
7)
animated
animatedly
9)
excitedly
11)
congueror
interaction
animation
animator
scornful
1) C
6) A
2) B
7) E
3) A
8) B
4) E
9) C
5) D
10) A
S yn o n y m alm as (551-575)
1) A
6) B
2) C
7) A
3) E
8) D
4) D
9) A
5) C
10) D
A n to n y m alm as (551-575)
1) B
6) A
2) D
7) B
3) A
8) C
4) E
9) D
5) C
10) A
W ord fo rm a tio n a lm as (501-525)
1)
3)
4)
6)
8)
10)
12) scornfully
13) disobedient
14) Disobedience 15) privelegcd
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
17)
19)
solid
i.e. (= id est)
leapt
think back
economize on
laid on
bail out
receding
harsh
elude
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
12)
14)
16)
18)
20)
namely,
ebbed
drew attention
disperse
alleged
conducted
argues
censured
depend on
projected
W ord fo rm a tio n a lm as (551-575)
1)
3)
5)
6)
8)
9)
trained
2) training
stringently
4) stringency
un acccompanied
provider
7) fulmination
indecent (= too much)
indecently
10) solidly
1) B
6) A
2) A
7) B
3) D
8) C
4) E
9) D
5) C
10) A
1 )C
6) D
2) A
7) C
3) D
8) B
4) B
9) A
5) A
10) C
A n to n y m a lm as (576-600)
1) B
6) B
2) A
7) E
3) C
8) E
4) D
9) A
5) A
10) D
V o ca b u la ry a lm as (576-600)
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
census
gingerly
defiant
capitulated
ringleaders
strengthen
entreated
nurture
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
12)
14)
16)
malpractice
ignites
reigns
alter
failed
brought off
paid the ranson
enforced
230
17)
19)
pushed up
mining
18) ill-treating
20) insane
W ord fo rm atio n alm as (576-600)
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
17)
19)
assurance
assuredly
nourishment
easily
enlargemen
achievement
alteration
sarvation
urgent
motivation
2) assured
4) nourishing
6) capitulation
8) maltreatment
10) enforcemen
12) failures
14) starving
16) ignition
18) urgently
20) moivated
1) A
6) D
2) C
7) A
3)E
8) B
' 4) B
9) C
5) A
10) D
S yn o nym alm as (601-625)
1 )C
6) A
2) A
7) D
" 3) B
8) D
4) E
9) E
5) C
10) D
A n to nym alm as (601-625)
1) E
6) A
2)B ' 3) A
7) D
8) D
4) E
9) E
5) C
10) B
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
17)
19)
21)
23)
25)
backlash,
literacy
afford
suing
ails
endure
shatered
repudiate
facility
zenith
fastened
hallucinations
dragged
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
12)
14)
16)
18)
20)
22)
24)
seal
announced
escalated
driving
put ou
minimal
calm
premiums
Sturdy
sickens
fallacy
sheer
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
17)
sealed off
affirmative
affordable
escalaton
ailment
investment
suffering
shatered
nauseating
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
12)
14)
16)
18)
affirmation
affirmatively
escalation
incitement
ailing
investor
sufferers
sedative
nauseatingly
1) E
6) A
2) A
7) D
3)b"
8) C
4) C
9) A
5) E
10) E
1) B
6) B
2) A
7) D
" 3) C
8) C
4) E
9) B
5) A
10) A
1) B
6) A
2) E
7) E
J 3) A
8) C
4j C
9) D
5) D
10) A
1) particular
2)
3) obnoxious
4)
6)
5) virtue
8)
7) traded
10)
9) robust
12)
11) lastidious
14)
13) joyful
16)
15) fuss
17) reassurances 18)
19) eropped up 20)
21) augments
22)
23) outstanding 24)
25) irrational
nasty
sins
locate
fail in with
delicate
sacked
palaver
horror
occurs
elashed with
superb
daunted
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
17)
19)
nastily
baseless
consiructors
constructive
opposiion
opposed
endurable
occupation
occurrence
engagements
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
12)
14)
16)
18)
20)
sinful
construction
constructively
merrily
opposite
enduance
unendurable
occupiers
superbly
encouragemeni
1) C
2) A
3)EJ J
6) A
7) C
8) E
S yn o n ym alm as
1) A
2) E J 3) B
6) D
7) E
8) B
4) B
5) D
9) A
10) B
(651-675)
4) C
5) A
9) A
10) C
1) B
6) C
2) B
7) D
3) D
8) A
4) B
9) D
5) E
10) B
1) variable
3) slipped up
5) missed
7) derisory
2) attitude
4) trash
6) nil
8) yearn
kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlk
9) remedy
11) heartless
13) chilling out
15) truiy
17) desert
19) defied
21) minr
23) step aside
25) Rubbish
10)
12)
14)
16)
18)
20)
22)
24)
231
fussy
solidarity
inept
gainsaying
earnesily
repine
zileh
miscarries
9)
10)
12)
14)
16)
1) E
6) A
abandoned
daring
rependant
Hopefully
hopelessness
entertaining
vvearily
laughable
variation
misjudgement
2) abandonment
4) daringly
6) hopefui
8) hopeless
10) entertainer
12) entertainment
14) weariness
16) laughingly
18) variance
20) missing
1) B
6) C
2) C
7) D
3) E
8) A
4) A
9) E
5) B
10) B
1) C
2) B
6) E 7) A
J 3 )E
8) B
4) A
9) C
5) D
10) D
1) B
6) B
2) A
7) E
2) C
7) C
3) E
8) D
4) A
9) B
5) B
10) E
S yn o nym alm as (701-725)
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
17)
19)
pomposity/pompousness
osensibly
11) utilization
allotment
13) ostracism
sulky
15) sulkiiy
resumption 17) plainly
3) D
8) A
4)E 9) C
5) A
10) E
1) solitary
2) astute
4) entangled
3 i bleak
5) wrap
6) dazed
7) daunted
8)
enunciaied
polied
10i pompous
osensibie
12) shunned
13) utilize
14) alloied
15) shudders
16) ioafing aboui
17) bustled
18) osracized
19) suiks
20) defiled
21) saa
22) turgid
23) plain
24) arid
25) knocked backed
W ord fo rm a tio n alm as (676-700)
1i soiely
2) artfully
3i enanglemenis 4) dazed
5) dauniess
6) dauniing
7) enunciation 8) pompously
1) A
6) D
2) C
7) B
J 3 )B
8) C
4) E
9) E
5) A
10) A
1) B
6) B
2) C
7) D
3) "D
8) A
4) A
9) C
5) E
10) B
1) owe
3 ) disasters
5 ) neatly
7 ) severed
9 ) thorough
11) determined
13) dismissed
15) degrade
17) omen
19) disemble
21) heir
23) blemished
25) reain
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
12)
14)
16)
18)
20)
22)
24)
sensitive
circulated
systematically
sketehy
mischief
summoned
belligerent
precious
wan
concerns
rejoice
mess up
1) poliution
2)
4)
3) biurry
6)
5) exultani
8)
7) obsessive
9) indicaion
10)
12)
11) indicators
13) sensitive
14)
15) sensitiveness 16)
17) separable
18)
19) intention
20)
pollutants
exultation
obsession
obsessively
indicative
owing
sensitiveiy
circuiation
separation
intentional
1) B
2) C
3) A4) .E
5) C
6) A 7) B
8) D
9) C
10) E
11 i A 12) C 13; E
S ynonym a lm as (726-750)
D E 2) A
6) A
11) D
7) D
12) C
3) C
4) E
5) B
8) A
0. 3
10) C

A n o n ym alm as (726-750)
1 )A
6) E
11) B
2) E
7) A
12) E
" 3) B
8) E
4) D
9) C
5) C
10) A
V o cab u lary alm as (726-750)
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
17)
19)
21)
23)
25)
implemented
bay
prolific
moderted
enthusiasm
intelligible
affiliated
barrister
capacity
Forthright
stalK
contradict
cbief
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
12)
14)
16)
18)
20)
22)
24)
fritter away
gibbering
ruffled
traded at
dexterous
insubordinate
defamed
detained
stand in line
destiny
yearned
assets
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
17)
19)
execution
executor
exhaustion
disconcerting
lucidly
fruitfully
fruitlessness
allied
challenger
Jailbirds
2) executive
4) exhausible
6) exhausted
8) disconcertingly
10) lucidity
12) fruitlessly
14) Alliance
16) candidly
18) jailer
20) itching
m
m

R evisio n Test 2
V o ca b u la ry alm as 2
R evision T est 1
Find the right w ord alm as
1) A
6) D
11) B
2) C
7) A
12) A
3) E
8) E
4) A
9) C
5) E
10) A
R evision T est 1
S yn o n y m alm as
1) A
6) A
2) B
7) C
3) A
8) A
' 4) C
9) D
5) E
10) E
R evision T est 1
A n to nym alm as
1) A
6) D
11) B
2) E
7) A
12) A
3) E
8) E
' 4) A
9) C
5) E
10) A
R evision T est 1
V o ca b u la ry a lm as 1
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
intervene
lucrative
tally
undermines
turn up
crew
2) step aside
forthcoming
4) relied upon / on
relinguished
6) equilibrium
interveniionist 8) reimbursed
deemed
10) consolidate
2)
shortcoming
4)
competition
6)
eminent
8)
overall
non profl-makng
nonchalance
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
interventions
unsound
ineradicable
infamou
unerring
2) A
7) E
12) E
3) B
8) B
4) D
9) A
2) B
7) A
3) E
8) D
J 4) C
9) A
5) C
10) C
2) A
7) B
3) EJ
8) E
J 4) C
9) C
R evision T est 2
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
lazy
honesty
acquitted
deliberate
exceptional
2) probity
4) perplex
6) underrate
8) collapsed
10) prevented
inexhaustible
pervasiveness
unanimously
unannounced
R evisio n Test 3
Find th e rig ht w ord alm as
1) E
6) E
11) C
2) A
7) D
12) B
3) C
8) A
13) A
4)
9) E
14) C
5) B
10) C
1 5 )A
1) A
6) A
2) B
7) C
3) C
8) B
4) A
9) A
5) E
10) A
R e visio n T est 3
A n to n y m alm as
5) E
10) E
R evisio n T est 2
A n to nym alm as
1) E
6) D
unrest
perpetration
inexpressible
irrigation
unpredictable
R evisio n T est 3
S yn o n y m alm as
R evision T est 2
S yn o nym alm as
1) A
6) B
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
15)
unprepared
17)
inhosptable
unapproachable
unansvverable 20)
unattached
22)
unaccompanied
unaccountable
R evision T est 2
Find th e right w ord alm as
1) E
6) A
11) C
plauging
monopolized
eminently
overrode
R evision T est 1,2

14)
16)
18)
19)
21)
23)
24)
2) vvhence
4) make up for
6) elaborate
8) look after
10) run through
R evisio n T est 1
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
10)
5) B
10) A
1) A
6) B
2) B
7) C
3) C
' 4 )B
8) E
9) A
R evisio n T est 3
V o c a b u la ry alm as 1
1) harsh
3) expire
5) nimble
7) lucrative
9) ludicrous
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
vvhatsoever
expired
opponent
lunatic
legislaiure
R evisio n T est 3
V o c a b u la ry alm as 2
1) opine
3) offended
2) overrides
4) deterred
5) A
10) A
234
5) deter
7) demurred
9) eluded
15)
17)
6) deterioraing
8) entrenching
10) revolce
eluding
impulsive
discrimination
overheard
gender
2) legendary
4) segregation
6) virtue
8) mob
10) ritual
R evision T est 4
2) E
3) C
4) B
5) A
1) A
6) E
7) A
8) C
9) A
10) C
11) E 12) B
1) A
6) A
5) E
10) D
D E
6) E
R evisio n T est 4
A n to nym alm as
2) D
3) B
" 4) A
7) A
8) C
9) B
5) C
10) D
R evisio n T est 4
outskirts
appropriately
Adult
vvithin
vvrecked
2) appropriate
4) approachable
6) withardrawals
8) shattered
10) drovvned
R evision T est 4
V o cabu lary alm as 2
1)
3)
5)
7)
8)
10)
integrity
2) insurmountable
worthwhile
4) mismanaged
misquoted
6) mistrust
make on mistake about it
monopolized
9) upvvards
upperhand
R evision Test 3,4
W ord fo rm atio n alm as
1) insensible
3) securely
5) unrestrained
7) unrelenting
9) unsound
11) unsetled
13) unmissable
1) A
6) E
R evision T est 5
S yn o n y m al sm as
' 4) B
2) E
3) A
8) A
9) B
7) E
5) A
10) A
1) B
6) B
R evision T est 5
A n to nym almas
4) A
2) C
3) D
7) A
8) B
9) E
5) B
10) C
R evision T est 5
V o ca b u la ry alm as
R evisio n T est 4
S yn o nym alm as
2) B
3) A"
" 4) A
7) B
8) D
9) E
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
16) unerring
18) uneven
R evision T est 5
Fid the right w ord alm as
4) E
2) B
3) A
5) A
1) A
7) A
8) B
9) E
10) E
6) B
R evision T est 3
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
unlooked for
unequivocal
2) insecurit
4) unreconstructed
6) unreservedly
8)
unruliness
10) unsound
12) unmade
14) unmanned
1) sum
2) submit
3) surreptitiously 4) reservation
5) scale
6) scope
7) lucrative
8) revivify
9) revoke
10) deadline
11) hemispheres 1 2 )s ta n d o u t
R evisio n T est 5
D privatization
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
17)
19)
20)
22)
24)
25)
2) excluded from
preservation
4) insurmountable
contributory
6) resolution
regarding
8) detectable
interventionist 10) palatable
exploitation
12) assessment
legislative
14) legislator
accessibility 16) subsiantially
ravages
18) reservation
without reservation
unconcealed 21) unconditionally
ingenuity
23) inconceivably
incomprehensibility
came to the force
R evisio n T est 6
1) E
6) D
2) A
7) E
3) B
8) A
4) E
9) B
5) E
10) B
R evisio n T est 6
S yn o n y m alm as
T) A
6'j E
2i C
7) B
3) BJ
8) A
J 4) A
9) B
5) A
10) A
235
R evsio n Test 7
V o ca b u la ry alm as
R evsion T est 6
A n to nym alm as
1) A
2) B
6) E 7) A
3) BJ
8) D
4) D
9) B
5) A
10) B
Revsion T est 6
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
hold back
fictitious
surplus
whereby
lanslide
2) dwell on
4) consolidate
6) revoked
8) invaded
10) landmarks
R evsio n Test 7
1) suspension
2) unrefined
4) innovator
3) detectable
5) precisely
6) unpredicably
8) rigorously
7) fluently
9) gifted
10) dstructive
11) subsequently 12) obliging
14) regain
13) superb
15) unquestionable16)unanswerable
17) unfathomable 18) underprivileged
19) sholarship
20) offender
21) petrfied
22) tasteless
23) uninterrupted 24) unfailing
R evsio n T est 6
1) crripled
2) invoke
3) deprived
4) unduly
5) underestimate 6) prejudiced
7) Shareholders 8) Share
9) mould
10) solidly
R evsio n T est 6
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
17)
19)
21)
23)
dependably
2)
profoundly
4)
unpalatable
6)
sentimental
8)
vvithdravval
10)
prolonged
12)
extraction
14)
indecently
16)
irritability
18)
irresponsibly 20)
irrefutable
22)
indistinguishable
devastating
unofficially
utterly
obligingly
withdrawn
publicly
independently
irreversible
irreparably
irreconcilable
undeniable
R evsion T est 7
1) A
2) B
6) A 7) E
3) E
8) C
4)
9) E
5) C
10) D
R evsion T est 7
S yn o n y m a lm as
1) E
6) D
2) A
7) A
3) C
8) B
4) A
9) B
1) resume
2) retaliated
3) resurrection
4) aftermath
5) afforded
6) affiicted
7) assets
9) cheerfully
10) comes up (=happens)
5) B
10) D
R evsio n T est 8
1) A
6) E
2) D
7) E
3) B
8) D
4) A
9) A
3) B
8) E
4) C
9) D
1) A
6) C
2) B
7) D
3) A"
8) A
' 4) E
9) B
5) A
10) E
R evisio n T est 8
A n to nym alm as
1) E
6) C
2) B
7) A
3 )6
8) B
4) B
9) C
R evision Test 8
1) privilege
2) benevolent
3) embarking on 4)augments
5) steep
6) immunized
7) aftermath
8) adverse
9) resumed
10) notified
R evisio n T e s t 8
5) B
10) B
5) D
10) B
R evisio n Test 8
S yn o n y m alm as
R evsio n T est 7
A n to nym a lm as
1) C
6) E
2) E
7) A
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
tem perament
cased
rounded up
figures
possessed
2) glaring
4) dilemma
6) enterprises
8) sophisticated
10) akin
5) E
10) B
Kelime Ezberleten Kurguna! Siclk
2 36
R evision T est 8
W ord fo rm atio n alm as
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
17)
19)
deterioration
conscientios
predominantly
uncommonly
perpetually
assertive
eiegant
fairly
persecution
impractical
21 ) uneconomical
23) unfailingly
25) unknowingly
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
12)
14)
16)
18)
20)
22)
24)
notification
utilization
precipitously
cease-fire
indiscernibie
unavoidable
manification
extermination
possession
unerring
uneasiness
unforeseen
Kaynaka
237
Accelerated Word Memory Power, Melik Safi Duyar, Yeni Stratejiler Eitim Hizmetleri
Ltd. irketi, Ankara, 1996.
Build Your Vocabulary 2,3 John Flower-Michael Berman, Language Teaching
Publications, 1989.
Cambridge International Dictionary of English, Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary Collins Publishers, 1990.
Collins Dictionary and Thesaurus, Happer Collins Publishers, 1992.
Dictionary of English Language and Culture, Longman Group Ltd., 1992.
Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs, Rosemary Courtney, Longman, 1996.
Essential English Dictionary, Chambers H. Publishers Ltd., 1995.
ngilizce - Trke Redhouse Szl, Redhouse Yaynevi, 1993.
ngilizce Kurgusal KPDS Kelimeleri Szl, inasi Bademciolu, st., 1999.
Language Activator, Longman Group UK L , 1993.
Longman Dictionary of Coniemporary English, Longman Group Ltd., 1978.
Longman Synonym Dictionary, Longman Group Ltd., 1991.
Macmillian Contemporary Dictionary Macmillian, Publishing CO. INC. New York ABC
Yaynevi, stanbul, 1998.
Seenek, Doentlik, Bankaclk ve KPDS ngilizce Snav Yardmcs, Cilt 1.2,3 Cneyt
Bademciolu, Seenek Yaynclk, 1992.
Test Your Vocabulary 3, 4 Peter W atcyn-Jones, Penguin Books Ltd., 1985.
The Penguin Dictionary of English Synonyms And Antonyms, Penguin Books Ltd.,
1992,
The School Thesaurus, Collins Publishers, 1988.
TOEFL Preparation Guide, Michael A. Pyle and Marry Ellen Munoz, Fourth Edition
1991 Ciiffs Notes Lincoln N e b ra s k a - U.S.A.
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2k>

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bang into (642)
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bare (678)
bargain (631)
assure (600)
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bark inlo (543)
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240
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be about (733)
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be up to your ears in debi (725)
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be at (642)
beat (664)
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beg (588)
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belligereni (714)
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bid (715)
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binding (559)
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border (645)
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bring up (574)
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broad (718)
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cali upon (715)
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capacity (525)
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charge (523)
charm (522)
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Chase (746)
Chat (529)
Chat (729)
242
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cheerful (635)
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chief (750)
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chip (613)
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cipher (658)
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dash against (642)
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clear the way for (586)
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climax (528)
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deal with (733)

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244
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declare
(552)
(604)
(615)
(683)
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desperate (678)
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destruetion (717)
defa'n (7 4 1)
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determined (716)
devilment (717)
devious (744)
dexterity (617)
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die (595)
difficult (735)
dig (594)
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direct (518)
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dirty (516)
dirty (628)
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dissem inate (721)

dissent (748)
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earnestly (653)
ease (598)
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246
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education (603)
efficiency (617)
eject (550)
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Kelime Ezberleten K ittisal Szlk

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escalate (606)
escape (515)
escort (554)
esprit de corps (669)
establish (630)
estate (749)
estimate (503)
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evade (515)
evaluate (503)
even-tempered (614)
everyday (700)
evil (629)
exacerate (665)
exactly (653)
exaggerate (509)
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excellent (520)
excellent (644)
exceptional (626)
exceptional (644)
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kelime hzherieen Kuryesek S z l k

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kelime tzherlee Kurgusal Szlk

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^50
ketime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlk
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ong standing (541)
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ook
ook
ook
ook
ose
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(561)
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iot (745) '
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17 z>
kelime Ezberleten kurdur al Szlk

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2 54
normal (700)
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Kelime Ezberleten Kt
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Outlook (671)
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Principal (750)
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256
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Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlik

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Kelime Ezberleten Kw\ sal Szlk
251
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Sharp (677)
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Stir up (608)
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Kelime Ezberleten Km "imal Sz

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Kurgusal Sözlük I-II

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Kurgusal Sözlük I-II

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ngilizce - Trke

Alfa Yaynlan 1095

1. Basm : Nisan 2002

Yayma ve Genel Yayn Ynetmeni M. Faruk Bavrak

Alfa Basm Yaym Datm Ltd. ti.

Bu senaryo ile ilgili ayrca bir KARKATR izilmitir.

Kelimenin KEND ANLAMI. EANLAMI. ZIT ANLAMI iin RNEK CM3

10) ANTONYM ALIMASI

4) Her 25 kelimeden sonra verilen tekrar mutlaka yapn.

Senaryo almas Nedir?

BALANGI N DENEME TEST

Bu Testi Yapmadan Kitaba

125- steudily (sted'ili) : sabit bir ekilde

TEST: Aadaki ngilizce szcklerin karsna Trke anlamlarn yaznz.

CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDNZ

2- drought (draut) : kuraklk

3- explode (ksplod) : patla(t)mak

Kelime Ezberleten Kuransal Szlk

-4* pnverty (par'rti : yoksulluk

Kelime Ezberleten Kuransal Szlk

7- admittedly (iidmit'idli) : kabul etmek

10- vacant (veyknt) : bo, mnhal

Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlk

Kelime Ezberleen Kurgusal Szlk

13- snooth (smudh) : yumuak, przsz

Kelime E/berieten Kurgusal Szlk

Kelime Ezberleten Kuransal Szlk

19- captivate (kap'tv ev t): sarmak, etkisi

23- demolition (dmal'nl : imla eylemi

24- detay (dikey'): rmek

Kelime Ezberleten Kursusu! Szlk

Kelime Ezberleten Kursusal Szlk

25- annililation (nav'levn) : yok etme

Kelime Ezberleten Kuresa! Szlk

Kelime Ezberleten Kursusal Szlk

25- annihilatiun (nay'ley.n) : yok etme

Find the right word almas (1-25)

Synonym almas (1-25)

Kelime Ezberleten Kurenel Szlk

The dancer quickiy apiivaied her audience.

Antonym almas (1-25)

Despite last summer's drynes, ihere is no shorage of water

3) The country's vyealth comes from its oil.

4) The production was professional but uninspired

5) We discussed inflation, unemployment and rejated issues.

Is that seai pcupied?

8 ) He is responsible for running a vas.t organization.

V ocabulary almas (1-25)

There is n o ........... between him and his siser.

7) Aye was one of the m o s t...........members of the club.

2 6-seemingly (si'mingli) : grnte

Kelime Ezberleten Kurausal Szlk

2 9-yield to (yild tu) : -e cevap vermek

Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlk

32- do up (du Ap) : (dne vs.)

33- take oT (teyk of) : havalanmak

34- cali mit (kl aut) : viiksek sesle

Kolime Ezberleten Kurumsal Szlk

35- nake up (meyk Ap) : uydurmak

Kelime Ezberleten Kurgusal Szlk

Kelime Ezberleten Kurgu.sal Szlk

41- allege (lec'l : iddia etmek

44- tiptoe (tip'to) : ayaklarnn ucunda

Kelime Ezberleten Kureusal Szlk