702231 MODERN ARCHITECTURE A

Antoni Gaudi

the nineteenth century search for a style

suited to the new age
rational
incorporating new structural forms
nationalistic
emphasising colour & texture
naturalistic
non-historical

Spanish Catalonia and

Catalan nationalism
ancient links with French Catalonia
and Mediterranean trade
distinct Catalan dialect
separate laws and tribunals until c
1830
industrially advanced

lamp post bearing the Catalan emblem

near the zoological Museum, Barcelona, probably from
the exhibition of 1888
Miles Lewis

Josep [Jos] Puig i Cadafalch

(1867-1967)
Catalan nationalist
President of the Mancomuinitat
discoverer of the Premier Art Roman
author of L'Art Wisigothique

Casa Amatller, 41 Paseo del Gracia, by Puig

i Cadafalch, 1900
Miles Lewis

Casa Amatller, 41 Paseo del Gracia, by Josep [Jos] Puig i Cadafalch, 1900
Casa Batll, 43 Paseo del Gracia, the remodelling of an existing building, by Gaudi, 1905-7
Miles Lewis

Casa Batll , 43 Paseo del Gracia, the remodelling of an existing

building, by Gaudi, 1905-7
Casa Mil, 92 Paseo del Gracia, by Gaudi, 1905-10
DIPPSA slides

Lluis Domnech i Montaner

(1850-1923)
Catalan nationalist
President of the Uni Catalana
(or Catalan Union) in 1892
author of 'En busca de una
arquitectura nacional' - 'In
search of a national
architecture'

Portrait of Domenech
Oriel Bohigas, 'Luis Domnech', in
Nikolaus Pevsner & J M Richards
[eds], The Anti-Rationalists (London
1973), p 71

Hospital of S Pau [Hopital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau], 167-173 Avinguda de

Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, by Domnech, 1902-12: entrance pavilion
Miles Lewis

Hospital of S Pau, detail of a lamp on the staircase; interior of the library

Bohigas, 'Luis Domnech', pp 76, 77

Antonio Gaudi
(1852-1926)
Catalan nationalist
son of a coppersmith
worked for Jos Fontser
[Josep Fontser i Mestre]
and Juan Martorell
influenced by Viollet-le-Duc

Gaudi: photo in 1878

Rainer Zerbst, Gaud (Cologne 1988), p 12

monumental cascade in the Parque de la Ciudedela [Parc de la Ciutadella], by

Fontser and Gaudi, 1877-82
DIPPSA slide

draft designs for the Societat Obrera Mataronese, by Gaudi, 1878

Zerbst, Gaud, pp 18-19

warehouse of the
Societat Obrera
Mataronese, by
Gaudi, 1878
half section, showing the
vertically laminated
parabolic arch

J J Sweeney & J L Sert, Antoni

Gaud (London 1970 [c 1960]),
p6

Finca Gell gatehouse and gate by Gaudi, 1884-7

MUAS 19,743

Gell gatehouse, dragon gate [or Drac de Pedralbes]

Miles Lewis 1974

Gell gatehouse
detail of finial
detail of dragon gate
Miles Lewis
MUAS19,744

Palacio Gell [Palau Gell, 345 Carrer Nou de la Rambla, Barcelona, 1885-9
cutaway isometric view and cross-section
G R Collins, 'Antonio Gaud y Cornet', in A K Placzek [ed], Macmillan Encylopedia of Architects (4 vols, New York 1982), II, 173
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 61

Palacio Gell
the faade
detail of the entrance
gates.

Miles Lewis
Montaner, Barcelona, p 78

Palacio Gell
detail of metalwork,
executed by Joan Oos

Miles Lewis

Palacio Gell
the cellars

G R Collins, Antonio Gaud

(New York 1960), pl 38

Palacio Gell, ceiling of living area, on the piano nobile

Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 38

Palacio Gell
interior of the main salon, and view of the dome
Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 34
Montaner, Barcelona, p 85

Palacio Gell: metalwork decoration in a bedroom; dressing table

anonymous; Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 101

proposed Franciscan mission for Tangier, by Gaudi, 1892-3

Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 44

Proposal for a hotel in New York,

by Gaudi, 1908, sketch designs
Zerbst, Gaud, pp 228-9

Episcopal palace at Astorga, by Gaudi, 1887-93, view from above

Artfi SA no 15

Episcopal palace at Astorga: view

Miles Lewis

Episcopal palace, Astorga

detail of porch
Miles Lewis

Casa Figueras, or 'Torre

Bellesguard', 1900-1905
DIPPSA
Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 4

Casa Figueras
the attic

Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 65

Casa Battl
43 Paseo del Gracia, 1905-7
view & detail

Miles Lewis

Casa Battl, the light well

section & view
Van Hensbergen, Gaud, p 154
Montaner, Barcelona, p 98

Casa Battl, details in the light well

Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pls 52, 53

Casa Battl
Staircase, and entrance
to the principal apartment
Montaner, Barcelona, p 96
Collins, Antonio Gaud, pl 82

Casa Battl
plan of the principal
apartment, and view
of the dining room

Collins, Antonio Gaud, pl 78 83

Casa Battl: view of the roof

George Tibbits, 1976

Casa Battl:
roof details: turret, ridge and fleuron
George Tibbits, 1976
Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pl 65

Casa Battl
chimneys

George Tibbits, 1976

Casa Mil (La Pedrera), 92 Paseo del Gracia, 1905-10

Gaudis original elevational drawing
Collins, Antonio Gaud, pl 87

Casa Mil, view

Miles Lewis

Casa Mil
original schematic plans
or the third floor
and the basement

Collins, Antonio Gaud, pl 22

Casa Mil
the balconies
view & detail showing
the glass tile floor

MUAS19,746, 13,352

Casa Mil, staircase in the larger light well &

detail of column head (inset)
Miles Lewis; Michel Tapi, Gaud - La Pedrera (Barcelona 1971), pl 62

Casa Mil
interior detail
of an apartment

Tapie, Gaud, pl 80

Casa Mil
cross-section
showing the form
of the roof

Collins, Antonio Gaud, pl 21

Casa Mil: view in the attic, showing the tile ribs

Collins, Antonio Gaud, pl 94

Casa Mil
views of the roof
Collins, Antonio Gaud, pl 8; MUAS 57

Gaudis funicular model

for a church
inverted photo

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 80

Cripta de la Colonia
Gell [Colonia Gell
Chapel], 1898-1915
inverted photo of a model
showing sheet calculations for
the external surfaces

Collins, Antonio Gaud, pl 6

Colonia Gell
Chapel
proposed exterior
design based on a
photo of the model

Zerbst, Gaud, p 109

Colonia Gell Chapel, crypt plan & proposed church interior

Collins, Antonio Gaud, pls 24, 61

Colonia Gell
Chapel
view of the crypt

Perucho, An
Architecture of
Anticipation, pl 13

Colonia Gell Chapel

details of the crypt, with stair
MUAS 19,739
Collins, Antonio Gaud, pl 59

Colonia Gell
Chapel
the windows

Sweeney & Sert,

Antonio Gaudi,
pl 115

Colonia Gell Chapel

view and detail of the entry porch below the stair
Sert, Cripta de la Colonia Gell, pl 38.
Collins, Antonio Gaud, pl 5

Colonia Gell Chapel

windows
view of stair
Collins, Antonio Gaud, pl 5; MUAS 13,341; J L Sert, Cripta
de la Colonia Gell de A. Gaud (Barcelona, no date [1960s]),
pl 41; MUAS 19,727

Parque Gell [Parc Gell], 1903-1930, plan

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 144

Parque Gell
entrance lodge II

DIPPSA 144

Parque Gell
entrance lodge I
& roof detail

DIPPSA 142
MUAS 10,520

Parque Gell
main stairs

Sweeney & Sert,

Antonio Gaudi, p 134

Parque Gell: the lizard fountain

Miles Lewis

Parque Gell
the market hall, isometric diagram
Zerbst, Gaud, p 142

Parque Gell, market hall

detail of columns and entablature

Miles Lewis

Parque Gell, market hall

interior view & detail of ceiling
Zerbst, Gaud, p 149
Montaner, Barcelona, p 155

Parque Gell
market hall
ceiling detail

Le Corbusier, p 55

Parque Gell
side view of the
market hall/orchestra
detail of the bench

DIPPSA 39
Miles Lewis

Parque Gell
orchestra bench
details

Perucho, An Architecture of
Anticipation,pls 66, 73, 77
Le Corbusier, Gaudi, p 59

Parque Gell
walkway on top of the viaduct
detail of a column head retaining
wall at the back of the theatre
S13,921
Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pl 92
Miles Lewis

Parque Gell
viaduct and detail of caryatid
figure
Miles Lewis
DIPPSA

Sagrada Familia, Barcelona

design by Francisca de Paula Del Villar y Carmona [Lozano], 1882
Collins, Antonio Gaud, p 14

Sagrada Familia
apse and finials by Gaudi, 1887-1893
plan
Miles Lewis
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 100

Sagrada Familia
central south porch of
the nativity, 1891-1903
DIPPSA 58
Brian Lewis

Sagrada Familia, south porch the coronation of the Virgin

DIPPSA 81

Sagrada Familia, south porch

the deposition of the Virgin
detail of snow
DIPPSA 86
MUAS 13,345

Sagrada Familia
sketch for the west
portal
(introducing parabolic
forms)

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi,

pl 89

Sagrada
Familia
sketch proposal
of 1906
(introducing
African turrets)

Collins, Antonio
Gaud, pl 22

Sagrada Familia
model c 1910

Miles Lewis

Schoolhouse at the
Sagrada Familia,
1909
view from above

MUAS 13,915

Sagrada Familia Schoolhouse: the roof geometry

Collins, Antonio Gaud, p 23

Sagrada Familia Schoolhouse

Collins, Antonio Gaud, pl 95

Sagrada Familia Schoolhouse: detail of the bvedas tabicadas

MUAS 13,348

Sagrada Familia
view from the south

DIPPSA 88

Sagrada Familia: details of the pinnacles

Jeff Turnbull, Miles Lewis

Sagrada Familia: upper details

Miles Lewis

Sagrada Familia: detail of louvred turret

Miles Lewis

Sagrada Familia
turrets & pinnacles
Miles Lewis
DIPPSA

Sagrada Familia
Gaudis drawings for the
pinnacles

Sweeney & Sert,

Antonio Gaudi, pl 126

GAUDIS DECLINING YEARS

gradual withrawal from secular work
1904-14 replanning the Cathedral of Palma de Mallorca
1910 exhibition of the Societ des Beaux-Arts, Paris
1914 death of Francesc Berenguer
1918 death of Eusebio Guell
public taste turns away from the modernismo
funds run out for the Sagrada Familia
Gaudi lives as a recluse
1926 Gaudi dies

Sagrada Familia
perspective view of the design as
intended at the time of Gaudis
death, 1926

Collins, 'Antonio Gaud y Cornet', p 179

Sagrada Familia
the inside wall of the south transept
Miles Lewis
David Mackay, 'Berenguer', in Pevsner & Richards, The AntiRationalists, p 68

Sagrada Familia
scale model for a window

Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 168

Sagrada Familia
the final design
model & section
Collins, Antonio Gaud, pl 24
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 101

THREE POINTS
ABOUT GAUDI
nineteenth century
approach
creativity
rational
medievalism

Antonio Gaudi in the Corpus Christi

procession, Barcelona, 1924
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 124

1
GAUDIS NINETEENTH CENTURY APPROACH
stylistic eclecticism
bold use of colour and texture
nationalism
naturalism
influenced by the standard nineteenth century writers, probably
Ruskin and Morris, and certainly Viollet-le-Duc

2
GAUDIS CREATIVITY
historical sources are transfused with a new life
colour and texture exceed that of Butterfield &c
nationalism goes beyond the Catalan Gothic Revival
naturalism - evokes fundamental biological structures and
geological forms

3
RATIONAL MEDIEVALISM
Viollet wanted a Gothic architecture designed as he thought
medieval designers WOULD have done if they had iron
Gaudi did NOT use structural iron, steel or reinforced
concrete
Gaudi used traditional brick and stonemasonry, and board
vaults
Gaudi designed as medieval designers COULD have done if
they had used angled struts, parabolic arches and warped
surfaces