ELECTRICAL

EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION

AS PER IS:3043
Document No.

Rev. No.

Class

EARTHING RESISTANCE
CALCULATION
CONTRACT NO

PROJECT

CLIENT

SITE

UNDER REVIEW

C ONFIDENTIAL

All

NS

05/12/06

NST

SS

Rev.

Sheet

Name

Date

Name

Name

Prepared, revised

Checked

Owner Document No.

Date

Remark, kind of revision

Status

Approved
Basis document

Q.L.

DL-No.

DCC

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ELECTRICAL

EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION

AS PER IS:3043
Document No.

Rev. No.

Class

Index of Revisions
Rev.

Sheet

Prepared, revised
Name

Date

Checked
Name

Remark, kind of revision

Approved
Name

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Status

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ELECTRICAL

EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION

AS PER IS:3043
Document No.

Rev. No.

Class

Table of Contents
Section

Page

General Notes

Calcualtion Basis

Earthing Resistance for Strip and Pipe electroed

Earthing Resistance for Strip, Cable and Pipe electroed

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GENERAL NOTES
1. This document is an annexure to GS E&C Main document " Grounding Calculations" Document no.
2. The calculations have been done based on GI Strip and Pipe data considered from IS:3043
3 The Calculations are subject to revision as & when the main document gets revised due to change in any Data

PURPOSE
This calculation describe the Grounding calculation of the

REFERANCE DOCUMENTS
1
2
3
4
5
6

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ELECTRICAL

EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION

AS PER IS:3043
Document No.

Rev. No.

Class

A. EARTHING CALCULATION AS PER IS:3043

The following formulas are used for the spesification IS:3043 for calculations of Main Earthing Loop Resistance for Pipe Electrode and
Strip Electrode and theselection of Cross sectional area of Earth Conductor.
A.1

Resistance of Pipe Electrode

Where, L = Length of of Rod/pipe (cm)
Rp = 100 x loge 4L

2 L

A.2

Ohms

d= Diameter of pipe (cm)

= Resistivity of Soil (ohm-meter)

Resistance of Strip Electrode

Where, L = Length of of Strip (cm)
Rs = 100 x loge 2L2 Ohms

2 L
A.3

w = Depth of strip laying (cm)

wT

= Resistivity of Soil (ohm-meter)

T = Width of strip (cm)

Earth Conductor Size

Where, I =RMS Value of Fault Current (Amp)
S = Cross section area of conductor (mm)
t = Operating Time of disconnecting device (seconds)
K = Factor dependent on material of conductor
(taking from IS:3043 Table)

S = It
K

A.4

Total Earth Electrode Area

A = If / Id

Where, If = Fault Current (amp)

Id = Electrode Current Dencity (A/m)

Id = ( 7.57 x 103 ) / x t

Where, Id = Electrode Current Density (A/m)

= Resistivity of Soil (ohm-meter)
t = Operating Time of disconnecting device (seconds)

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ELECTRICAL

EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION

AS PER IS:3043
Document No.

Rev. No.

Class

EARTHING CALCULATION FOR GI STRIP AND GI PIPE ELECTRODE

A. BASIC DATA REQUIRED FOR THE CALCULATION
Maximum Fault Level

:
:
3000
MVA
:
254
MVA
:
35
MVA
:
Second
1
:
Ohm-meter
51
:
10%
: Galvanised Iron Strip
: Galvanised Iron Pipe
: Lap welded
:
C
50
:
Ohm
1
80

132 kV
6.6 kV
415 V
System Designed for Fault Duration
Soil Resistivity (PS)
Voltage Variation
Earth Conductor
Eartth Electrode
Type of joints
Max. Ambient temp. below ground
Desired resistance of Erath grid
K Factor for Steel
B. FAULT CURRENT CALCULATION
System Volatge (V)
132,000
6,600
415

Fault Level (MVA)

3,000.00
254.00
35.00

Fault Current (kA)

13.12
22.22
48.69

The earth conductor to be selected on the basis of highest fault current, i.e.,

48.69

kA at 415 Bus Voltage

C. CROSS SECTION AREA OF EARTH CONDUCTOR

S = It
=
608.67
K
GI Strip Cross sectional ara
Height (mm)
Width (mm)
40
5
40
10
65
5
65
8
65
10

Sq. mm

Cross Sectional Area (mm)

200
400
325
520
650

Hence, the GI Strip used for the main earthing mat is

65 x

No. of Conductor
3.04
1.52
1.87
1.17
0.94
10

mm =

Nos.

D. CROSS SECTION AREA OF EARTH ELECTRODE

Earth Electroed Current Density
Id = ( 7.57 x 103 ) / x t
Earth Electrode Area
Taking extra Electrode Area (%)
The Final Erath Electrode Area

:
:
:
:
:

1060.01
45.94
10
50.53

Amp / m
m
m

THE TOTAL EARTH ELECTRODE AREA CONDIDERED FOR THE PLANT

Perimeter of the unit
:
2000
Meter
Length of Strip Electrode
:
2000
Meter
Total surface area of a Strip Electrode
:
260.00
Sq. Meter .. (A)
Nos. of GI Electrode Pipe Used in the plant
Length of the GI Pipe Electrode
Effective Buried Length
Diameter of the GI Pipe Electride
Total Surface area of the GI pipe Electrode

:
:
:
:
:

50
3.5
2.5
50
19.64

Nos.
Meter
Meter
mm
Sq. Meter ..(B)

Total surface area of GI Strip and GI Pipe = (A)+(B) =

279.65

Total Number of Earth Electrode

5.53

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ELECTRICAL

EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION

AS PER IS:3043
Document No.

Rev. No.

Class

EARTHING CALCULATION FOR GI STRIP AND GI PIPE ELECTRODE Contd.

E. EARTH RESISTANCE OE THE STRIP ELECTRODE
Resistivity of soil
Length of strip
Depth of Buried electrode
Width of strip

:
:
:
:

51
200000
50
6.5

EARTH RESISTANCE
:
Resistance for each strip electode
Rs = 100 x loge 2L2 Ohms

2 L

Ohm-meter
Cm
Cm
Cm

:
:

0.0784

Ohm

:
:

1
0.0784

Ohm

wT

Nos. of Strip Electrode in parallel

Resistance for all parallel Strip Eelctroed

. ( C )

F. EARTH RESISTANCE OE THE PIPE ELECTRODE

Effective Buried Length
Diameter of the GI Pipe Electride
No. of Pipes in parallel (N)

:
:
:

250.00
5.00
50

Cm
Cm
Nos.

Earth resistance for each GI Pipe Electrode :

Rp = 100 x loge 4L

2 L

Ohms

17.19

Ohm

= R2

Resistance for all parallel GI Pipe Electroed

= (Rp/N) =

0.344

Ohm

(D)

Combined Resistance of Earth due to Pipe Electrode and Strip Electrode

=

R1 x R2
(R1 +R2)

0.0638

Ohm

Grounding system is valid for the combined resistance less than 1.0 Ohm
GROUNDING SYSTEM IS

ACCEPTABLE

SUMMARY
A. GI STRIP ELECTRODE
SIZE OF ELECTRODE
WIDTH (mm)
HEIGHT (mm)
65
10

NO. OF ELECTRODE
1

B. GI PIPE ELECTRODE
SIZE OF ELECTRODE
LENGTH (mm)
DIA (mm)
3500
50

NO. OF ELECTRODE
50

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ELECTRICAL

EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION

AS PER IS:3043
Document No.

Rev. No.

Class

EARTHING CALCULATION FOR GI STRIP ELECTRODE AND CABLE

ELECTRONICS EARTH STATION
A. BASIC DATA REQUIRED FOR THE CALCULATION
Maximum Fault Level

:
:
3000
MVA
:
254
MVA
:
35
MVA
:
Second
1
:
Ohm-meter
51
:
10%
: Galvanised Iron Strip
: Galvanised Iron Pipe
: Lap welded
:
C
50
:
Ohm
1
80

132 kV
6.6 kV
415 V
System Designed for Fault Duration
Soil Resistivity (PS)
Voltage Variation
Earth Conductor
Eartth Electrode
Type of joints
Max. Ambient temp. below ground
Desired resistance of Erath grid
K Factor for Steel
B. FAULT CURRENT CALCULATION
System Volatge (V)
132,000
6,600
415

Fault Level (MVA)

3,000.00
254.00
35.00

Fault Current (kA)

13.12
22.22
48.69

The earth conductor to be selected on the basis of highest fault current, i.e.,

48.69

kA at 415 Bus Voltage

C. CROSS SECTION AREA OF EARTH CONDUCTOR

S = It
=
608.67
K
GI Strip Cross sectional ara
Height (mm)
Width (mm)
40
5
40
10
65
5
65
8
65
10

Sq. mm

Cross Sectional Area (mm)

200
400
325
520
650

Hence, the GI Strip used for the main earthing mat is

65 x

No. of Conductor
3.04
1.52
1.87
1.17
0.94
10

mm =

Nos.

D. EARTH RESISTANCE OE THE STRIP ELECTRODE + CABLE

Length of strip
Depth of Buried electrode
Width of strip

:
:
:

50000
50
6.5

Cm
Cm
Cm

EARTH RESISTANCE FOR STRIP ELECTRODE :

Resistance for each strip electode
:
Rs = 100 x log 2L2 Ohms
e

0.2685

Ohm

Nos. of Strip Electrode in parallel

Resistance for all parallel Strip Eelctroed

:
:

1
0.2685

Ohm

EARTH RESISTANCE FOR CABLE

Cable Cross Section Area
Length of Cable
Resistance of Cable
Total Resistance of the Cable

:
:
:
:

70
500
0.321
0.1605

Sq. mm
Meter
Ohm / Km
Ohm ( B )

2 L

wT
. ( A )

TOTAL EARTH RESISTANCE FOR STRIP AND CABLE R1 = (A) + (B) =

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ELECTRICAL

EARTHING REASISTANCE CALCULATION

AS PER IS:3043
Document No.

Rev. No.

Class

EARTHING CALCULATION FOR GI STRIP ELECTRODE AND CABLE

ELECTRONICS EARTH STATION
E. EARTH RESISTANCE OE THE PIPE ELECTRODE
Resistivity of soil
Effective Buried Length
Diameter of the GI Pipe Electrode
No. of Pipes in parallel (N)

:
:
:
:

51
250.00
5.00
8

Ohm-meter
Cm
Cm
Nos.

Earth resistance for each GI Pipe Electrode :

Rp = 100 x loge 4L

2 L

Ohms

17.19

Ohm

Resistance for all parallel GI Pipe Electroed

= R2

= (Rp/N) =

Combined Resistance of Earth due to Pipe Electrode and Strip Electrode

=

R1 x R2
(R1 +R2)

0.3576

Ohm

2.1493

Ohm
R1
R2

=
=

0.4290
2.1493

Ohm
Ohm

Grounding system is valid for the combined resistance less than 1.0 Ohm
GROUNDING SYSTEM IS

ACCEPTABLE

SUMMARY
A. GI STRIP ELECTRODE
SIZE OF ELECTRODE
WIDTH (mm)
HEIGHT (mm)
65
10

NO. OF ELECTRODE
1

B. EARTING CABLE
CABLE TYPE
CONDUCTOR
DIA (mm)
Cu
70

LENGTH OF CABLE (METER)

500

C. GI PIPE ELECTRODE
SIZE OF ELECTRODE
LENGTH (mm)
DIA (mm)
2500
50

NO. OF ELECTRODE
8

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