Centrifugal

Compressors

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Topics

Centrifugal Compressor Model

How a Centrifugal works / Energy Conversion

Basic Construction

Centrifugal Flow Paths

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Basic Principles

Centrifugal Action
A Centrifugal Stage
Energy Conversion

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The Centrifugal Effect

Centripetal
Force
Momentum
Velocity &
Direction

Centrifugal
Reaction
Any object traveling in a circle is kept in that path by the
centripetal force
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Gas Velocity Increase

V3

When the impeller

rotates, the rotation
forces the gas
molecules outward the
center / impeller eye
because the lack of
centripetal force

V2

V1

The impeller adds

both velocity and
pressure to the
gas

As the gas
molecules move
outward, they
gain velocity

The gas tends to oppose

the push of the blades, so
the pressure of the gas
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Centrifugal Action
Cover

Blades

Disk

TIP OF THE
IMPELLER
High Velocity,
Higher Pressure
Gas Outlet
EYE OF THE
IMPELLER
Low Velocity,
Low Pressure
Gas Inlet

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Centrifugal Action Diffusion Passage

Diffusion
Passage

Diffusion
Passage

P2

P2
P1

P1
Shaft

Impeller

Impeller

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Diffusion Passage Velocity Changes

V1
V2

Diffusion
Passage

Diffusion
Passage

V2

V1

V1

V1
Shaft
Impeller

Impeller

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Pressure, Volume and Temperature

1 ft.

Gas = 1 ft.3
1 ft.
1 ft.
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Temperature and Molecule Energy

Level
Greater Temperature =
Greater Energy =
Higher Pressure

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Pressure, Volume and Temperature

1 ft.

Gas = 1 ft.3
1 ft.
1 ft.

Add Heat
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What is a Stage of Compression?

Centrifugal Stage

Return Bend

Return Bend

Diffuser
Reduces Velocity
Increases Static Pressure

Return Channel

Guide Vanes

Impeller
Increases Velocity
Increases Static Pressure

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Centrifugal Compressor Stage

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Energy Conversion

P4,V4,T4

P5,V1,T5

P3,V1,T3

P5,V1,T5
P2,V4,T2

P1,V1,T1

P3,V1,T3
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Basic Construction

Compressor Types
Basic Principles - Fundamentals

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Types of Centrifugals

2. Radially Split
Multi-stage

3. Axially Split
Fabricated Case

1. Pipeline
Radial Inlet
Multi-stage

4. Pipeline Booster
Axial Inlet
Single-stage

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Application parameters

Gases - All types of gases

Speed - 3,500 to 26,500 RPM
Pressure - Vacuum to 10,500 PSI
Flow range - 800 to 520,000 ACFM
Number of stages - 1 to 10 impellers
Head - 3,000 to 15,000 ft/lb/lb per stage
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2007
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Sizes of Centrifugals
Smaller Volume
Higher Pressure
Higher RPM

Large Volume
Lower Pressure
Lower RPM
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Designation of centrifugal
compressors

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Designation of centrifugal
compressors

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Designation of centrifugal
compressors

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Designation of centrifugal
compressors

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Application Parameters

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Model Explanation
D12R5S
D

DATUM Centrifugal Compressor

12

Frame Size Based on case inside

diameter (from 2 to 28)

Radial or Vertical Split Casing

Actual Number of Impellers

B/C/S

Back to Back Configuration

Compound
Straight Through

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Model Explanation
D14R8-6C
D

DATUM Centrifugal Compressor

Frame Size Based on case inside

diameter (from 2 to 28)

Radial or Vertical Split Casing

10

Actual Number of Impellers

B/C/S

Back to Back Configuration

Compound
Straight Through

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Sizes of Centrifugals

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Sizes of Centrifugals

D26
D4

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Application Parameters

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Axial Split Casing

Forged
End Covers,
Cartridges, or
Heads

Axially Split
Fabricated
Casing

Operate at relatively low

pressures < 850 psig
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Axial Split Casing

Axially Split Compressor on Test

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Radial Split Casing

Rotor
Assembly

Radially Split
Forged/Fabricated
Casing
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Radial Split Casing

Radially Split Compressor in Service

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Pipeline Booster Casing

Volute
Inlet
Nozzle

Head

Discharge
Nozzle

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Casing before machining

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Nozzles before machining

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Casing with feet and nozzles

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Casing fixation

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Compressor head with lifting

tools

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Radially Split with Shear Ring Heads

Shear
Ring
It offers the benefits of
greater strength and
faster disassembly
than bolted design

Retaining
Ring

O-Rings
Proper assembly is
assured by elimination
of the precise torque
requirements of bolted
head requirements
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Shear Rings & O-Rings

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Head fixation

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Head fixation

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Nameplate Data
Model: D14R8-6C
Serial No: DF5115
Max Allowable Working Pressure: 175 barg
Min / Max Temp: 0C / 150C
Min / MCOS: 5715/ 8980 RPM
Trip Speed: 9429 RPM
NC1: 3800 - 4250
NC2: 15800 - 16050
Max Sealing / Settleout Pressure: 70.5 / 138 barg
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Nameplate Data
Model: D8R10B
Serial No: CT32293A01/B01
Max Allowable Working Pressure: 175 barg
Min / Max Temp: -29C / 193C
Min / MCOS: 5903 / 8855 RPM
Trip Speed: 9298 RPM
NC1: 3500
NC2: 14500 - 16000
Max Sealing / Settleout Pressure: 89 barg
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Modular Bundle Technology

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Bundle Assembly Roller

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Bundle Components

ROTOR

HEADS

VOLUTE

BEARINGS
& SEALS

RETURN
BEND

DIAPHRAGMS

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Modular Bundle Technology

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www.dresser-rand.com
info@dresser-rand.com
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