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These micro generation wind turbines are suitable for both off-grid electric
requirements and grid-connected applications.
Small wind turbines give many advantages over large wind turbines;
Low cost
Improved reliability
High energy yield (especially at low and above rated wind speeds) etc.
To fulfil these requirements, optimum small wind turbine control system designs are essential.
small wind turbines ( < 5 kW; PMSG ), which might be an ideal solution for
residential electricity requirements.
A block diagram of PMSG based synchronous generator is shown in above figure. There are six control systems in this small wind tur-
Some commercially available small wind turbine designs are shown in following pictures.
According to their design requirements and intended applications, each design has at least one unique control feature .
Wind-spot 3.5 kW system includes a sophisticated passive pitching and it can produce electricity in high wind conditions also.
Whisper 500 , 3 kW Wind turbine is a highly reliable two-bladed wind turbine , which is very popular in US market
WT6500 system has a specially designed ring-generator, which is placed in the outer ring of wind turbine and it can produce
Architectural small, modular wind turbine solution by AeroVironment Inc. is an unique solution for residential applica-
tions.
Generator Selection
Generator side Control
Grid side Control
Both induction generators and permanent magnet synchro- Main requirement of generator side control is controlling gen- The main objective of grid side control is maintaining constant DC
applications.
ment etc.
The same method can be extended to use in both off-grid and grid-
connected applications.
high wind speed conditions for safe operation. Some of available control techniques are;
Furling
Soft-stall control
Passive pitching
MPPT Control
When there is more energy feed from generator side than in-
operation.
Designing a sensor-less control system for estimating rotor speed, position and wind speed for maximum power point tracking.
Improve the generator side control system to capture energy at very low wind speeds and above rated wind speeds.
Include reactive power support and grid fault support which will improve the system as a reliable distributed generation system.
Acknowledgement
This work is part of the project performed by authors: Small Wind Turbine Optimized for Wind Low Speed Conditions
Pol-Nor/200957/47/2013