Interpretation of Results

Experiment 1 is about two wire line investigation

demonstrating the effects of frequency, attenuation, loading coils
and determining characteristic impedance. In part 1 of the
experiment we analyzed the effect of varying frequency signals
applied to varying lengths of two wire lines based on the result on
the data that we gathered on table 4 with 0.85km two wire line
basis the attenuation is almost constant even though the
frequency increases. For table 5 with 5 km two wire line basis the
attenuation increases as the frequency increases. The graph also
shows the relationship of attenuation and frequency using the
open circuit and 600ohm terminations, based on the graph the
attenuation with 600ohm is higher than open circuit condition.
In part 2 of the experiment we analyzed the effects of
increasing the length of the line and the effect of loading coils to
the attenuation of a line. Based on table 6, the longer two-wire
line decreases the attenuation. Based on table 7, transmission
response of two-wire line with loading coils the attenuation is
lower for the frequency below 10 kHz then at 10 kHz the line is
more attenuated which means 10kHz is above the cut-off

frequency. Based on table 8, transmission response of two-wire

line with slight loading coils, the attenuation is higher comparing
to the attenuation in table 7.
In part 3 of the experiment we analyzed input impedance of
a transmission line with varying inputs and lengths and we also
determine the characteristic impedance of a two-wire line
terminated, open circuited and short circuited. For table 9 and
table 10 we determine the characteristic impedance by the
square root of the product of open-circuit and short circuit line
termination. The optimum line termination for mid frequency of
the telephone band was also determine for table 9 and table 10
which is the impedance at frequency of 1000 Hz.

Conclusion:
The length of the transmission line affects the attenuation of
the circuit. Based on table 4 the attenuation is constant with
varying frequency. Based on table 5 the attenuation is
directly proportional to the frequency.
With resistance terminated to the circuit it makes the
attenuation higher comparing to the open circuit
termination.
With longer two-wire line the attenuation decreases.
Adding loading coils affect the line by setting a cut-off
frequency in which if the generated frequency is higher to
cut-off frequency it makes the circuit more attenuated.
By adding slight loading coils it makes the attenuation higher
comparing to larger loading coils.
To obtain the characteristic impedance of the circuit the
open circuit and short circuit impedance is measured and
then taking the square root of their product results to

characteristic impedance.
The optimum line termination for the mid frequency of the
telephone band is equal to the characteristic impedance at
1000 Hz.